__ Elementary Language Practice with key Michael Vince with Kevin McNicholas English Grammar and Vocabulary oA MACMILLANMactan Bdveation Between Town Road, Oxford OX4 3PP ‘Aalvision of Macmailian Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world {SAN 1 405 00763 X without key ISBN 1 408 00764 8 with key ‘Text © Michael Vince 2003 Design snd llustation © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2003 ‘ust published 1999 ‘This edition published 2003, All ights reserved; no pat ofthis publicaton may be reproduce, stored ina retrieval system, tansatted in any form, or by any means, electronic mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prioe written pesmsion ofthe publishes. Designed by Mike Brain Graphic Design Limited layout and composition by eMC Design| Cover design by Oliver Design, lustated by: Kathy Baxendale pp 45,55, 62, 63, 89; eMC Design pp 124, 125; Rath Galloway pp 11, 13, 15,31 47, $8, $9, 61,102,115; Julian Mosedale pp 46,86, 94,100, 185, 203,208,237, 241,267; Val Saunders pp 214, 216,218,222, 226,232, 236, 239,240, Martin Shovel pp 18, 33,39, 3,72, 73,74, 106, 133, 173, 178,212 Kingsley Wiggin pp 93,99, 101,107, 169,224,228, 230,235 Photogzaphs by: yewire, Photodisc and Andrew Oliver The author would like to thank the many schools and teachers ‘whiohave commented on these materials, Also special thanks, to Kevin MeNicholas and Stra Cats. Printed and bound i Italy by G.Canaleand C.p.A Borgare Tse, Turin Grammar 1 Grammar 2 Grammar 3 Grammar 4 Grammar 5 Grammar 8 Grammar 9 Grammar 10 Grammar 11 Grammar 12 Grammar 13, Grammar 15, Grammar 16 Grammar 17 Grammar 18 Grammar 19 Grammar 20 Present simple of be Present simple: affirmative; Frequency adverbs Present simple: negative and questions Present continuous: affirmative Present continuous: negative and questions Present continuous and present simple CONSOLIDATION 1 Past simple: regular affirmative Past simple: regular negative and questions Past simple: irregular affirmative Past simple: rregular negative and questi Past simple of be Past continuous: affirmative, negative aid questions CONSOLIDATION 2 Past continuous and past simple Past habits: used to Present perfect: affirmative Present perfect: negative and questions Present perfect and past simple Present perfect and past simple: time expressions CONSOLIDATION 3 10 2 “4 16 18 2 22 2% 8 32 4 36 38 2 “4 4s 48 50ELEMENTARY LANGUAGE PRACTICE Grammar 22 Grammar 23 Grammar 24 Grammar 25 Grammar 26 Grammar 27 Fae Grammar 29 Grammar 30 Grammar 31 Grammar 32 Grammar 33 Grammar 34 Grammar 36 Grammar 37, Grammar 38 Grammar 39 Grammar 40 Grammar 41 ae Grammar 44 Grammar 45 Future plans and predictions Predictions certainty and uncertainty Meetings, promises, decisions, refusing willand going t: problems Present continuous: future use Future time words: more contrasts CONSOLIDATION 4 Conditional 1 Conditional 2 Conditionals 1 and 2 Short answers Wh- questions; Subject and object questions Tag questions CONSOUDATION S Modials of ability and possi Modals of obligation Modals of negative obligation Modal: past Modals: possibilty, uncertainty Impossibility, certainty Modals: problems and contrasts CONSOUDATION s Plural nouns Countable and uncountable nouns: a, an, some, any Countable and uncountable nouns: problems 32 so 58 o o 66 oe 7m n 16 78 80 oy oy 86 90 2 * 96 98 100 102 CGramimmara6 Grammar 47 Grammar 48 Rae Grammar 50 Grammar 51 Grammar $2 Grammar 53 Grammar 54 Grammar 55 Grammar 57 Grammar 58 Grammar 59 Grammar 60 Grammar 61 Grammar 62 Grammar 64 Grammar 65 Grammar 66 Grammar 67 Grammar 68 Grammar 69 “coumiable and uncountable nouns: much, many 104 Countable and uncountable nouns: much, many, enough 106 ‘Numbers cardinal, ordinal fractions and decimals no ‘CONSOLIDATION7 2 Advice, agreeing/disagreeing, apologizing na Descriptions, directions, excuses, greetings 116 ‘Asking for information, invitations, offers, permission a8 Preferences, promises, reminders, requesting, suggesting, warning 120 Calendar 12 Time 14 CONSOLIDATION 126 Prepositions of place and position 128 Prepositions and adverblals of place and position 132 Articles 1 136 Articles 2 138 Pronouns 1 140 Pronouns 2 42 CONSOLIDATION 9 a4 Reported speech; Past perfect 46 Passive 1 48 Passive 2:agent 130 Imperatives asa Gerunds 154 Contractions 156ELEMENTARY LANGUAGE PRACTICE contents Sa AHAE CONoUDATION 10 een 160 Vocabulary 1 Personal details 210 Grammar 72 posession 2 apostrophe, of ve Vecabuly 2. Fay matters a2 bury 2 Feetine 24 Grammar 73 Adjectives, nationalities 164 eet Voesbulry 4 Rooms 216 Granmar74— Order ofajecves Problem ates vs Vocabulary 5 Plc 28 Grammar 75 Making comparisons 1: comparative adjectives 168 Vocabulary 6 Jobs 220 Vocabulary 7 Inde the house 222 Grammar7é aking conparton 2: spate dace in Gene asrsiane oe BAR misses watch ———> watches wash ——> washes relax ———» relaxes 2 Undetne the correct word in exch sentence. 2) Juan and Carmen fies in Made. | 1) Harry wate tlvsion every evening ©) Ttusually o/goes to schoolby bus, ‘aways 100% ‘Tim always wears jeans. tually 80% usually got bed at 9.30, Pike Gece) | teal al rebedeacaate 4) Te never snow/snows in this city. sometimes 40% Sue sumetimes wuls 0 shook ont | never 0% —_‘emever ais herein August. ©) Sam Iveflves in that house, 4) Younevercleancleansyourteethl | 1) Carol get/gets up early every day. | in The frequency adverb goes between subject and verb, | bh) All the buses leave/leaves from this bus-stp. “Monday aways comes oer Sunday. | 3 complete each sentence Use the verb and frequency adver in braces. 2) Tina Gometimes, miss) 2) Tinever getup) ©) We (usually, have). aholiday in Augus.. 4) Jim and Helen often, go) so tothe theate, ©) T(often, sing) ss the shower. 1) Pat Gometimes, play) football on Sunay. 8) You (never, finish) your homework! bh) Ourteacher (always, wear). atic uCon Explanations sgatives don’t ike ice-cream. She doesn't eat chocolate, [donot wat, “Hedoes not walk, Wedo not wal Ido walk He doesn't walk We dont watk You domnocwalk. —Shedoes not walk. ‘They donot walk You don’t walk ‘She doesntwalk. They don't walk Itdoes not wa, Tedoesn walk, ee dow’ drink coffee, They don’t speak italian. Tom doesn’t play tennis Wedon't tive in France. sestions ‘Do you walk to school or do you take the bus? usually walk Dotwalk? ‘Does he walk? owe walk? Do you walk? Does she walk? Do they wah? Does it walk? er Do you like icecream? Do they speak italian? ‘Does Ana play basketball? Do you tive in Australia? ‘Does Harry often arrive ate? Do you usualy get up at 7.30? eral walk, you walk, wewalk BUT hewalks, she walk, iewalls ‘re wank, Does he watk? don’t walk BUT He doesn't walk. She doesn’ walk GRAMMAR 3. PRESENT SIMPLE: NEGATIVE ANB QUESTIONS ‘Complete each sentence. Put the words in brackets into the correct order. 4) Our (smoke, not, teachers, do... teachers da nat emake at school ) Where (Hielen live, does) = =) 9 €o,n0t, go, We) to the cinema on Friday. 4) David, does, nde). _ bike? 9 (play, do, you) football ter school? 1) Kate (ike, does, not) sons OFANGES. {unch, usualy, have) at 1.0. ‘Complete each sentence. Use the words in brackets. 2) Mary (like, not) rn AOE NOE TE. en BASED ) (wash, Peter) sepsis face every morning? © (wateh, you) television every day? 4) Kea, not, often) — vn Ut ©) (have, we). a homework today? 1) My fiends (lve, 04) enn wnsnnesnnn HEE MY HOW. Look a the pictures. Write a question or a negative sentence. 8) Jack getup at 7.00, ») Aliceand Mike ~walk to work . 6) Jack-leave home at 8.00. 4) Alice and Mike ~relax in the evening. — ©) Alice and Mike—not/like tennis. Mice. and Mike don’ 1) Jack —not/wear schoo! uniform {) Alle and Mike~not/use computers 1) Jack —notdo is homework Btements ples Ming Explanations ‘We us the present continuous to ak about actlons happening a the moment am siting in my car, She's watching television. Tam waiting. ‘He is waiting. ‘We are waiting. 1m waiting. Hes wating. We're waiting. You are waiting. She is waiting ‘They are waiting. Youre wating ‘She's waiting. There wating. seis waiting. seswaitng. ‘/m studying English ‘My brother’ talking onthe telephone now. We're swimming in the sea Sue's reading a book atthe moment. ‘Verbs with two vowels and ending in one consonant, add «ing. wait = > waiting Verbs ending ine, érop ¢and add «ng. make ————> making decide > deciding write = > writing Verbs ending with one vowel and one consonant, double the consonant. te leting vim swimming at > aattting Verbs ending e, change fe toy He tying tie > ing de dying ‘Verbs ending ina vowel and y, add ing. sy staying ply playing sy saylng GRAMMAR 4 PRESENT CONTINUOUS: AFFIRMATIVE © Herat ne sens | Welsing Complete this letter, Put the verbs In brackets into the present continuous. Deas en, ‘We (1) (have)... MAViNG,... terible holiday. 1e@) (cain) nnn +18) (1) nnn TRE hotel. 1 (4) (wateh) television, Tom and Peter ©) 9) sen ‘computer games. Alice (6) (£64) book, Susan (7) (male) nu — 1a.cup of coffee. The baby (8) (cy) sone TWant€0 go home. Allthebest, GeorgeCo ratives| ples ples a Paes uere@ila 1) of ; cS (ewnemnen aac ore Explanations 1m moe atkins 9 Shao ty. CTamnot waiting. Helsnotwaiting. Weare not waiting. mnotwaitin: ——eiortwating. Weare ating iesno.) (Were. Yewarenot walt. Youarne waits, Sheisnotwating. They are not wali Gente) Shel waiting. Thy arent wating. Giese.) (Theyre net.) ein ting isnot wating. (tesnat wating) ‘/m not drinking allt Ym inking cola. ‘They aren’ playing football. They plying uy. Are you walking tse! today? ag? Whe waiting? ‘arewe wating? ‘reyouwaiths? —.‘Usshewalting?” Are ey mating? Iiewating? Whatare you doing? Are you reading? Lemfixing my Dike. No, 'mnot reading. Witt you, Be she, He Chey aad we, Cs beter aoe Oe coasts in statements and negatives, GRAMMAR 5. PRESENT CONTINUOUS: NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS ‘Change the statements into questions. 8) I'm making alot of nolse. ») Clareis reading, ©) Youare watching the news, @) Itis snowing. ©) Weare waiting in the right place. You are sitting here fem ) David is enjoying the film. ale 1) The bus is stopping, : ‘Change the statements into negative sentences, 2) You're listening to me. 1 ») Timis studying, ©) We're talking 6) Youre witin. ©) Katherine is iying, 1) They are waltin for us. 8) Anna's having a good time. 1) t'm reading at the moment. ] Correcteach sentence orquestion. 8) Tplaying tennis with my bestfriend. | Lint playing tervals with my, ») You'e coming to thecinema tonight? ©) John and Mandy don’t going to the beach. 4) tetmma and Katy ying to America? ©) My sisters walk on the beach now. | 1) Wenot studying French at school this year 1 Whee thataoie? he dogs outside? ‘h) Taren’t watching the TV. Turn itoff, |Explanations asentcontinuous To talk about things happening at the ‘moment, use the present continuous Jim is watching television atthe moment ssentsimple ‘Total about habits and routines use the present simple, 12 Things we do often, every day, every week, et. a Things that always happen. arrive a school at 8.30 ‘The fist lesson starts at 8.48. ‘The lesson finishes at 9.30. Fim is watching TW. asa, ‘Toe lives in New York. New Yorks his home. elves there all he time. Weare living near the station atthe moment. We want to move to another ous so, ‘2 Verbs usually used with the present simple cost ‘This bike costs £200. Uke Arma kes rap asic. know Do you know the answer? ‘understand I dont understand this belleve Pays bive m? '= Some verbs have one meaning in the simple form, buta diferent meaning in the continuous form, ‘Do you have a bike? = Do you own a bike? (in general) Tm having a great ime!» e's 3 great pasty! (at the moment) think this fils seat = Lioke this fim alot (Gn generat) Quit! Fm thinking. ='m doing a difficult exercise. _(at the moment) GRAMMAR 6 PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND PRESENT SIMPLE ‘Choose the most suitable sentence or question. 2) 1 wash my hate 2 Fimwashing my haiz 7 i ¥) 1 Doyouknow theanswer? 2 Ate you knowing the answer? ‘© 1 Doyou wait forthe school bus? You're in the wrong place! 2 Are you wating for the school bus? You're inthe wrong pace! © 1 Tharbike coms £350. | 2 Thatbike costing £350. | ©) 1 Doyouunderstand? 2 Areyouundertanding? 8 1 Ldomy homework 2. Ymdoing my homework. | Complete each sentence. Use the words In brackets. Use present simple or present continuous. | a) Richard (always, get up) always gees. before 7.00 ) Hurry up! The bus (wait) | nnn _forusl ©) Where ve, g) I 2 This the wrong road! ) My fends (not believe) I sy story ©) Please be quiet! (ead) dike, Susan) a very intersting book. sone BOEEE is? ‘Choose the mos suitable word or phrase for each space. 4) ‘Someone .8. for you outside. Who is it?” Awaits Byiswaiting —C) waiting ‘by ‘What. ofthis Book think ts antag!” A)doyouthink B)isyouthink ©) you do think ©) sin ghosts? A) Ace you believe By Ace youbeleving ©) Do you believe 4) Kateis busy. She ... fora test. A)isstudy B)isstudying C)|s studi ©) nwa great time a the moment! i A)Wearehave B)We'rehave C) We'rehaving Tina usally. at 7.00, A)getup B)isgettingup C)getsup wCorrect each sentence or question. a) Idoesn't likes this film. sennnn OME Like ') What do you wants? Jim walk sometimes to school 44) When the lesson begins? ©) Tdon't gets up early on Saturdays. 4) Tina not lke computer games £8) Figen watchs television every night. Put one word in each space. Contractions are one word. 3) What........you usually eat for lunch? ) George and Terry » speak Portuguese. They speak English. ‘© It’s9,30 and the children sitting at their desis 8) Kem nnn te tea In fact, he hates it. ©) When trains, vw You take an umbrella? 4) What.. {tsay on the board? I can’t see from here. Choose the most suitable word or phrase foreach space. 2) What time. €.to bed? A)usually do you go B)dousually you go C) do you usually go by Bvery day, Prank... to Work A)goes Bisgoing ©) go ©) Stop i at A)Vmnotliking 5) 'don’tlike ©) I not ike ©) What... ?Isitan orange? A)youatecating B)areyoueating _C) do youcat ©) Yumiko fees so she. basketball. A)doesn'tplay B)isn'tplay ©) isn't playing 1) Payattention, Philip... ? AyDoyoulisten B)Isitlistening C) Areyou listening @ Excuse me... t0 Manchester? A)This road goes B) Does thisroad go C) Isthis road go | cramman 7 consouparion | ma ~~ Ghange each sentence Ue te words in braghets 2) Jogoestoschoolty bus. sally) al ») I'm working hard. (not) ©) Sara kes sport. (not) 4) getup at 6.30. (aways) &) We speak German. (not) 1) Pierre goes tothe beach. (often) 18) George drinks beer, (never) 1) We're having a good time. (not) '5 Present simple or present continuous? Change the verb fit is wrong. a) Ate you having a motorbike? ©) Vd like to buy this coat. How much is it costing? &) What you doing? ©) Fmusully getting up at 6.00. 2 Lwatch a lot of TV everynight. | 1) Excuse me, Are you knowing the way to the museum? ‘Think about grammar! Are the sentences true or false? a) When you talk about a habit or a routine, you use the present simple, ’) The present continuous is for actions that do not finish. ©) When the subject of the sentence s he she or, adds 5. aimples ing cerregular verbs Explanations fs Weuse the pst simple to dese ed evens inthe past Yesterday Today 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm tpm started Finished Yestry watched eget finan.» [tstarted at Spm and finished at 10.15pm. Regular verbs [watch ved_start red Jol played football ast week. My srandparents moved t Scotland last year Tstarad Testared We sare you started she started they started itstarted ‘The bus arrived at 9.30. 1 1998 | decided to move to Australia Kate stayed in Turkey last summer. Yesterday I walked to school. ——fittea ———>_stoppea ——> area gagF ——> rea ‘Two syllable verbs with the stress on the first syllable do NOT double the final consonant, ‘adect <> admitted answer ———> answered answer listen start arrive live stop decide marry tum like open watch ‘Make your own list of regular verbs. GRAMMAR 8 PAST SIMPLE: REGULAR AFFIRMATIVE Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple. My day yesterday. i a) My mother (call. by I (wash) 9) Toa sn 4) After school I (wate) so television. © Then! (play) £)AtB.30 7 (Bnksh) sano 8) Before bedtime I (telephone) meat 7.00, very quickly. ‘Complete the paragraph in the past simple. Use verbs from the box. ‘ewive continue finish listen play start talk work My fist day at scoot remember my frst day at school in 199511 (1) @. sn Iessons at 9.00. We 3) from 9.00 to 12.00. The teaches (4) touta lot! Then we (5) football foran hour. In the afternoon We (6) the lessons and (7). tothe teacher i ‘carefully. Then at 3.30 the lessons (8) -..nsa Ht was along and ting day! Change the sentences into past simple sentences. 4) Tom looks out of the window. none. lagked aus of the window, ) Wearriveat 6.30. (©) Laura watches television all afternoon, The bus stops a the end of the street. ©) Ivisitan old castle tis week. | 1) They decide to come to my partysgatives didn start learning English last yer. started this year Tid not start he didnot start ‘we did not start did’ start Ie dn’ start wedidntstat | youdidnotstat ——shedidnotstart they dd not start you diet stare she did't start ‘they did't start | sald no stare ita stare ‘No Questions ‘Did you start learning English last year? [Dia stare? Did estar? we start? Did you start? Di she start? Did they star Diditstart? = questions ‘When did you start learning English? When did you finish your homework? smples i they arrive yestertay? No, they didn’t arive yesterday. They arrived on Monday. Did you finish your homework? No, didn’ nish my homework. ‘Teva very dfcut. When did you tart school? started school ix 199%. nr Explanations The order of the words is diferent in questions and statements, si sausiibie GRAMMAR 9. PAST SIMPLE: REGULAR NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS Change the sentences into negative sentences. 2) Ourbus anivedon ime. nite bus didnt arrive an time, ») Sue phoned lastnight. (©) Matia finished work eary yesterday. ) The train stopped at Harrys station, ©) Lwanted to goto bed early 1) Carlos answered my etter &) John invited lots of people to his party. 1) The shops opened on Sunday. 2) Peter liked his new shoes, Change the statements into questions. a) Tim anrved at 2.00. Did Tim arrive at 2.00? ») Sam phoned home. ©) Helen wanted to make a phone call ) Paul visited the doctor. ) Bil missed the bus. 9) George walked to school 2) Jim opened the window. hy Emma helped the teacher. 4) Alice washed her hairae Explanations Integular verbs do not have ed endings for the past simple. Fach verb has is own {form and we have to leacn these forms. 0 ent cat come ————> came dp hae ———> had set atements “Last week we went to the cinema. Pero ate 10 cakes yesterday [zo at Tent Tate you went you ate hewent heate she went she ate lewent itate we went weate they went they ate amples Yesterday I drank Japanese ber. Hany always came late. We made dinner lastnight. & Complete the st. Use the words from the box. ate aa got bring ——> brought ‘GRAMMAR 10 PAST SIMPLE: IRREGULAR AFFIRMATIVE ‘Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple. 2) Thelastleson Gein). PAM lat 230. 2) J0e 6 nnn Mae Mh 6) Suddenly a bid ve the window! 6) Tthinkyou 0) the wlong thing 6) a8 nn ny eR ely. f) We (know) .. thé answer, 2 Thestdents tan) up when the teacher anv 1) twas cold, but ea) wo piles 1) Anna(ea) two plate page D. RIE (sone thee ‘Choose the correct words to complete this article about Sally Green, ‘ayn te if of Sly Gren r Yesterday wa ora ay Sly Gree, the wae She), Cp 600 She 2) tthe athtoom, and hen she). he clothe. After she (4) on beast and (6) the newspaper. Then she (6). herbed Bom 7.019 1000 se) tn theiingroom and). eleiston. Then she x. shopping At00she (10) home nd (1). berlunh, ter neh he (12) work, he (1) fom 20040900, She (0) ua tof Then she (05) ser ends at nigte, D Ast Bae cao 2) Awent goed Cou 3) Aputon —Bputiedon —C puton Dhar Raw cam 5) A read B saw Created ©) Amide Bake C making Aw Bat Come 5) Avatches -Bwniched —€ wached 5) Ados Bent = Caid 1) Acomed — Reome Cee iy Ane Bhae Chae 12) begin Bbeginned —C began 13) Aves Bane Cwiite 1 Adinks = Rdnmk == drake 15 Ames Bme met aExplanations aativer e eat ———> ae Wedidn’t go to school last week Katy didn’t eat as ice-cream yesterday. [aid not g0 The did not g0 wedid mot 0 | rant 50 Ie didn’t 50 wedidn't go you did na go she di not s0 they did not go you did't 0 shedidn'.go they din’ 30 ida noe go itt g0 ples “They did't give jack a present. Ididn't have breakfast sstions ‘Did you go to the cinema las night? Did go? Didhego? Did you so? Did she go? Diaiego? ples Did you send mea letter last wek? Where did you go yesterday? What did you do? sa ‘Whe did sin a question, the main vers notin the past. GRAMMAR 11. PAST SIMPLE: IRREGULAR NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS tea the answer Wit a question for each ane. 2) son Bid Mick fy 20th USA, "Yes Bc ew to the USA » Yes Ana went ota oan {es aoe ound te mone. @ ~ Yes, Helen knew the answer ©) ss sun YO, AleX gave Sua present, 9 o~ Yes, Pat brought the lowers 2 Yes, Kate sent Mie alter » -- Yes, Alan made the eke » Yes, Tina wore abt. D Yes, Bik fle ‘Change the statements into negative sentences. 4) Tom and Anna had breakfast via, didn’t have, breakfast, ) Mike took the bus. (©) Marla and Carlos did the homework. 4) Catherine gota prize. ©) Peter knew the teacher. 1) Sam went to university. ) Paulaatea sandwich. bh) Murat and Soraya ran £25, on 1) Joe made mistakes. 1) Carla came early Change the verbs in brackets int the past imp a) When (70, COME) re nennnnnnlld YOM, coe, ‘to ths county? bck not, wean) ©) Pat dear) 4) How many pages (0, Waits) ©) What heteache, 549) his aincoat hls coat in the hal ? st 8) (you, not, tell us your name. ® (you, 80) to the basketball atch yesterday? 1) Ann (n0t, ROW) wm cn the other gles name. 1) Which books (rou, take). to school? D dane, not, get). any letters 29tements satives sstons Explanations At8.00 lastnight was at home, Ts The was we were youere shewas they wee eyes Dave and Sue were atthe cinema lastnight. sewas very cold yesterday. ‘wail ast week. ‘wasn't ere yesterday, Twas not Thewas not ‘we werent Twas Ie wasn't we werent youwere nat she was rot hey were not you weren't she wast hey weren't fewas noe fevvasn't Kate wasn't happy at work last year. Weweren’t at home last night Twas late yesterday Was cold yesterday? Was Was he? Wire we? Were you? Was she? Wire hy? Was it? ‘Were you at home at 6.00 last night? Was Harry in London yesterday? Were you a school on Tuesday? ‘When the main verbs be, da not use did igecu Look at the pictures and complete the questions and answers. we NEA a «Helen athome yesterday? She ni ME, at school yesterday? = “attic cinema yesterday? Use the prompts to make questions and negative sentences 2) Jimyat homeslas night... Ma Tit. ame. at al ») yout shoot/on Monday. ©) the cinema/open/on Sunday ... 8) al your cna your a 5 Kecmandseovoy pay Reto a Ml ineren't at my party, - Bek ca eed so 2 Wm eed 1) Wut the match yeepStatements Negatives Yes/No Questions questions Examples Explanations ‘We use the past continuous to describe a continuing situation inthe past: We often inteupt a continuing situation with a sudden event 6.30pm 7pm 7.30pm 8pm 8.30pm, ———_x having a ath phone rang Now [Nadia phoned me at 730, was having a bath Last month Iwas working in Brazil. Twas siting. He was siting. We were siting Youwere sitting. She was siting. ‘They were siting. eas siting, ‘The teacher was talking, but Harry wasn't listening. ‘was not= wasn’t werenot= weren't Twas sitng, “He wasrtsiting. We werent sting. You wero sting. She wasn’tstting. They were siting. Iewasn' siting Were they working inthe ofie? Was Tsiting? Was he sting? Were we sitting? Were yousitting? Was sheseing? Were they sting? Wasi siting? What were you doing at 6.00? Wo was he talking to? ‘Steve was eating inthe restaurant wher the fire started. Carmen wasn’t teaching in 1990, she was studying. Were you eating dinner when phoned? L thc ‘GRAMMAR 15 PAST CONTINUOUS: AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS 1 Lookat the picture ofa classroom at 2.00 yesterday. Complete each sentence about it using a verb from the box. | 2) Anna ....Was, reading a book. ») Paula and jim © Tim 6) Kateand Bill © Sam 1) Bdand Lise 2 Correct each sentence. | 1) Anna wae drawing pictures. a ’b) Paula and jim were looking out ofthe window. ©) Tim was eading a book. su 4) Kate and Bill were writing on the board... ) Sam was playing football i 1) Bd and Lisa were listening to must. the promptstomake questions. 7 eee ‘Was Tin deanna rceares?, ») Kate and Bll/look out of the window ©) Band Lissread a book 4) Paul and Jimete on the boar ©) Anna/play football 8) Somllisen to muse.‘Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple. 4) Tom (ook... faked, 1B) We (66) orn vn the bus from the alrprt tothe ity centre. ©) Lata (1280) ‘the book ll afternoon, 4) Kate (1088) all the windows and doors. ©) Anold friend (come) tosee me yesterday, CC ee an Interesting film last week Choose the most sultable answer (1-7) foreach question (2-9). 3) What were you doing when you saw the accident? >) Did you goto Italy last summer? ©) What did you do last weekend? «) What did you do when you saw the two men? sn ©) Did you go to school yesterday? c 7 1) Did you havea good time atthe party? ® When did you find the money? 1. Yes, really enjoyed mysett. {called the police. Yes, spent three weeks there as standing atthe bus-stop. ‘While was cleaning the floor. | met my friends, and spent time with my family. No, Iwas. stayed at home. Rewrite each sentence using a negative form of averb from the box. Do not change the meaning. lose forget getup ke my sit down gout win 18) David caught the train... David didwe miss the train... >) Cistina remembered her book. . ©) They stayed at home. 4) John opened the door. Terry stayed in bed... 1) Karen hated Chinese food, {9) Chris's team lost the match 1) Istod up onthe sll the way home. Correct each sentence or question. 8) Where did you went lastnight. ) [didn’t knew the answer... ©) Harry maked alot of noise... 6) Ted’ Liked my new teacher. ©) Took you your medicine? 1) Helen comed home late lastnight. £8) Taidn’t got up eatly this morning, 1h) What di you saw a the cinema? 5 Read the answers. Write a question for each answer. 2) Were... You. Working last nigh? Las night? No, I wasn’ working last night 1B) Was ne peel ‘Yes, that’ righ. Tim was wating tthe Dusatop. ©) Was (No, Mary was’ talking 8 Was Yes thas ight Kae was ening jeans ©) Were 1s allan Meme were playing oot 8 Was ss Raining? Yes, twas. 6 Change the verbs in brackets into the past continuous, 8) (701, BBY) on you, playing......tennis with Paolo esterday? 'b) (Mary, have) .. 4 vacseneee Hutch a: 1 o'elock. ©) (we, wate) : “Basta al da. 4) Who (700, €8R€8) cow ith a the partys ight? ©) Gome of theboys, look) ~-oxtof the window 9 diva. . nnn Rome eT. Think about grammart Are the sentences true or alse? 2) When actions inthe past ae conipeted ie the past imple 1) When ction inthe past are not completed ie the pst continuous. (©) Didis for negative sentences only.Explanations \Weotten contrasts continuing station with sudden event Statements {Iwas writing a etter when Paul phoned. (continuing situation) (sudden event) 6.20pm, Jom 7.30pm, 8pm. 8.30pm cee —______—___ Winger phe rang Now ‘I started the letter at 7.00. ‘ af Pal phoned at 8.00, ‘Twas writing a etter when Paul phoned. While Iwas writing a etter Paul phoned. While Iwas watting forthe bus, Isaw the accident (continuing situation) (sudden event) 10am tam eS ——*« waiting ‘saw accident 1 stared wating forthe bus a 10.00. sa the acide at 10.30. 1 saw the accident when Iwas waiting forthe bus. saw the accident while Iwas waiting forthe bus. ‘Twas waiting for he bus when Isaw the acident Wher I saw the accident, Iwas waiting fo the bus, tuestions What were you doing when I phoned? ‘was writing a letter whon you phoned, When did you see the accident? saw the accident while Iwas watting forthe bs, ‘© You can use when with both past simple and continuows, but wiles only ‘used with the continuous. LUnglerlin the correct verb form in each sentence. a) While I was dang fd my homework, Thad a good kes. ') Jim was breaking/broke his leg when he was playing golf. (6) When I arrived, 1 was going/vent into the Kitchen, {d) We were fnding/found an old box while we were digging inthe garden. ©) vas seeng/saw an old friend while Iwas waiting forthe train. 9, While | hadivas having a bath, the phone fang. ‘Complete each sentence. Use the verbs in brackets. Use past simple or past continuous. | 2) Chis (eat) oo Spaghettlevery day lst week b) When (come). ns tthe tom, to boys (olay) football. Peter (urn on). ‘the TV but nothing ee | 8) While (0) the pack, Mary or : ©) While listen) a the doorbell. | Tore). --my pen whe (0) homework. Read the paragraph. Choose the most suitable word foreach space. Last week my friend Sandy and I (1) 4 to goto the beach on the bus, While we (2) sn forthe bus, it suddenly (8)... toxaln. We (8)... summer clothes, andl we (6) oe am umbrella, While We (6). there nthe rain, Sandy's mother (7) on. past, so we 8)... toe, Luckily, she (9). 48, and (10)... us home inthe ca. DA decided B wasdecising) were deciding 2) Awerewniting —-B waiting | as wating 3) Asta Bowasstaring | started 4) Avwaswessing ——B wore were wessing 5) Awersnthaving Bhd = ddn'tave 8) A stood B wecestanding © sanded 7) A deved Bdaving =| drove 3) Avwerewaving — Bwaved. «© was waving 9) noticing B notices | drt notice 10) A took B take © takee wStatements Negatives Questions Explanations ‘We use used to when we describe state or habit inthe pat. used to play tems, used to play The wed play ‘we wed to play ete Shella didn’t use to play basketbal aldose to play she dit set play we dria play Did they use to play football? Did se play? Did you use to play? Did hey we to play? os "= We often use used toto contrast a past habit with What we do now, ‘used to havea motorbike when Iwas younger. (past state) used to drink cafe, but now drink tea (past habs) | Theres no present form of used to {used to work in London, but now I work in Manchester, |% The past simples also posible in these exampes, ‘Thad a motorbike when Iwas younger. {played tennis, but now I play football. but use to is more common, | ok at the pictures and complete the sentences, The past 1p Iveinthecountryfn the cy. ©) walk oscil bike 4 getupinteleay ©) have short hair/long hai : 1) be short/al..{ELEMENTARY LANGUAGE PRACTICE able below. Write sentences about the past. Use used fo and didn't 200 years ago Fide hoses Arve cars read books ‘90 tothe cinema wash their clothes by hand watch TV ook ater animals se computers REX LEEKS ‘Two hundred years ago 8) people ride) by they (crtve).. ©) they (28) on : ns &) they (got) . o the cinema. ©) they (wash) they (watch) 8) they (ook after) by) they (ws) 3B Make statements, negatives or questions with used to, 8) Susan/have/a dog? (question) AP se. t0 have. a dog? ) people/use/moblle phones (negative) ©) he/go/swimming (statement) «) they/ike/jazz musie? (question) ©) wa'sfamilyivelin Moscow (statement) 1) weldrink/cotfee (negative) 1) my sister/watchy/television (negative) 1) Tony/work/in a bank? (question) GRAMMAR 16 PAST HABITS: USED TO Rew each sentence or question with wad Do not change the meaning. 2) Tmasin the schoo tennis tam cond used #0 be in the schoal tennis team. 1 Sophlehad long alr when she wae at sho (©) Mary did't isten when her teachers were speaking. 4) Ricardo got up at 6.00 when he was ten 4) Becky was afraid of dogs winen she was a gi _g) We always gave our teachers presents atthe end of term. i 1h) Did you live next door to Mis Harsson? 4) My brother wore glasses when he was smal. 1) Did Marcin learn German at school? 5 Complete the sentences with your personal deta 2) Lused toceat but now I don't. ») Lused toate... ut new Love it. ©) [didn’t use to drink... = : but now Ido. 4) Td to read | swe But row T dont © didn’t use to watch 1 0n television, but now Ido. 1) used to get up at on Saturdays, but row I don't ) fused to ply. ~ But now play by Ldida’tuse to have... nfo breaks bu ow do 6 Whataid your grandparents and parents use to do? on arandfatloer used. 20 ny de Live 1 oe agular verbs ‘atements “egular verbs Explanations '= We often explain a present situation by saying what happened before t. We do not mention an exact time. Why are you walking home? Te broken my bike ‘The past action (breaking the bike) has 2 result in the present (V'm walking home) Why are you late? {ve lost my watch. ‘The past action (losing the watch) has a result in the present t'm lat), |= Weuse the present perfect when we alk about our experiences in the past and {do not mention an exact tine. ve lived in fifteen different counties. Forming the present perfect: ‘The lm has started. haves + past participle {Ie finished my homework. ‘With regular verbs, the past participle s the same as the past simple. Thave saried ‘Te started you have started you've started Teas started e's started she has started they have stared She's started they've started ithas started ws suarted ‘ach iregular verb has Its ovin past participle. Sometimes the participle Is the same asthe past simple, sometimes thas a different form, Nest Rastsimple Past paticple at ate emten leave tepe ca ink rank rank 1% ‘There sa list of irregular verbs on page 252, ‘GRAMMAR 17 PRESENT PERFECT: AFFIRMATIVE 8) My dog. ») Helen ©) Emsony. 1 4) Where's my dictionary? Someone. ©) We'e too late. The programme. 9) Tina isnt here. She... '8) There is water on the foot! What... WT ‘your book! Here itis! 9 Jack... Ave eters. pu “some new shoes Do you like them? Change the verbs n brackets into the present perfect. 8) Ary (0) nnn AE AONE ate and Bil (ind) «) Nick send) 6 ay). ©) Sam and Dave (et). sal he sandwiches. 9) Carlos (buy). dag. 4) Maria and Helen (tart) ata new school 1) Frances (B22) her cup, 4) Tose) my umbrella 1D) Max (ake) «the dg fora walk “Complete each sentence with the present perfect form of a verb from the box. 2) Onna het es ana ve at 'b) (you) .. .. any James Bond books? They're really good. Tames got any atone ot. nel agg Bg © won't infomation no. 1 Your hres teil! 900 Hyp, Co Yours b tmstyl 00). aetna vey BGO ayy foun fm 1) Rend isan, You Tome nists, 8Negatives 2uestlons Explanations haven't visited China before. This is the ist me have not found my car keys, Tm sl ooking for thom Navenots haven't has nots hasn't Thayovtstated we havertstarted you haven‘ started they haven't started he has tstared she hasn't started ncaa eater asa Tinegulat Thaven‘teaten we haventeaten youhaven'teaten they haven't eaten hoe has eaten Haveistaret? Have we started? Have you started? Have they stated? Has he started? Has she started? Has itstartad? she hast eaten ithaswtstarted ithasn‘teaten —— tortion Have you started your homework? ve finished it Have you ever visited Cairo? Yes, I've Been there twice, Regular Inegul Haye enter? Have we eaten? Have youeuten? Have they eaten? Has he eaten? a she eaten? Has teaten? ©) (suitcase) ©) (timetable) 9) (guide book... ® (ticker) bh) (clothes) Read Nic’ ist, Write statements and nega Hes be @) (hotel) » mim 2 tmp) ) sitease) ©) (timetabiey 9 (guidebook) ® (ticket) by (clothes) Complete this letter. Use the correct verb form ofthe words in bracke's. Dear Mum and Dad, wea), ® ® ®.. wind-surfing. (6) o Love, Nick (enjoy) our holiday so fa. We (not do) any sightseeing. We (spend) a lot of tme on the beach. Luckily it (not ery) it think t's dangerous! (you receive) my other posteards? (not rain). Tim (5) .. (learn) 45Contrast en and gone Explanations Sorry, he isn'there, He's left Sorry, he isn't here. He left at 8,00, Ronalio has scored a goal! ‘Weare interested that he has scored! We are not interested in when he did this, Ronaldo scored a goal inthe second minute ofthe match ‘We are interested inthe time when he scored, ve broken my pen. Now Ian’ write my essay! ‘This explains why we can't do something now. ‘broke my pen at schoo inthe maths test ‘This explains what happened, where it happened and when it happened, Have you been to China? Yes. ‘Wien did you goto China? Iwent in 1998, ‘Kat has been to schoo. She's at home now. ‘Kate has gone to schol. She's nat at home now. She's at school ‘GRAMMAR 19 PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST simpLE 4) Tiived there for ten years ) Ihave lived here for ten years. ©) Pathas gone shopping. 4) Pat has been shopping. ©) We've missed the bus. 1) Wemissed the bus. Unuleline the correct verb form in each sentence. 8) Can Thave another book? I'vereud/read this one. by Ym not ready did finish haven’ finshed my homework. ©) Lean't find my wallet. [think I've lostostt. {) Did you et/Have you eaten spaghett ast night? ©) Harry letfhas left at 10:30. 1) Hurry up, Jim! You didn’ starhaven started! £8) Did you seve you seen this lim last year? Change the vr in bracts into the ps spe Gr presen perfec. 2) Where (pou gid Yin a0. foryour holidays last year? >) Tean't play any more. I just hurt. my foot. © Jane is famous waite, and (write) sn Over fifty BOOKS. 4) Sorzy, (not inh) my leters yet. ©) "Wehad a great party last week: Who (ot invite) wun 9) Where (you, meet). ‘Sam? Was tat the sports centre? 8) Peter (not play). basketball for a month aExplanations ease the present pect wih = er never (any tment in youeesor elas Teno en aon # hot (ashor tine ago 1s Per hen? No he us soot. Thee he 1 et (ottnsied—hnegatves nd question 4 eady Gnished ~with statements) Have a sandicht Nothanks, Vve already eaten. I had lunch at 12.00, since (from the start) 1W97 1998 Now a stated "ve ied this town since 1906.1 ve here no: (1998 isthe time I started living here.) ° Wecan ws the present pri or the past spew simple wih ® for (aperiod of time) fe {elie in those for hee years. ven teno, ‘ved in halt fortve years butte oy, Wvelived here) ‘Compare with since. We use the past simple with: = ago {started learning Bngish a year ago, i eet aa ‘wba rue SGRAMNAN 20 PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE: TIME EXPRESSIONS Match each sentence (a-g) witha sentence of. 4) Jim has just written a book. by Has im written a book yet? (© Jim has already writen a book, 4) Jim wrote a book year ago, ©) Jimhas never written a book 19) Has Jim ever witten a book? £8) Jim has written two books since 1996, 1 This snot is frst book. 2 Does im wite books? 3 He finished his book last year, 4 He tinished afew days ago. 5 Jim started writing in 1996 and has written two books between then and now. 6 Jim doesn’t write books. 7. Has he fished a book? similar meaning (1-7). Underline the correct word in each sentence. 4) Have you querer visited Sloventa? by Tim has forjust come back from the USA. © mot hungry. ve aleady/snce eaten ) Jane lived in Greece sine/fr filteen years. ©) Brian and Claire got married ten years ago/snce ten years. 1) Lean’t come out. Thaven't done my homework aready/yet. £8) Mark has worked in Turkey agosince 1998, Complete each sentence with a time word from the box. Tad ever SE cnever) aince yet 7 8) Suehas been on the beac..../M.. an hour, but she hasn't haa swim yet. ) Ton’ want to see this lm, IV ono Seem ©) Have you. been tothe Greek islands? 4) Can you walt a moment? Thaven’t finished. (©) Ouch! An insect has waseoennn bitten me! George Was nnn €aten Chinese food, $o this isthe fs time for him! 2) Rickchas lived in Japan... 1998,Correct each sentence. Us the past continuous or the past simple. 8) When [urasatiing at Dan's house he was waiting outside ) While we were doing a maths test, the head teacher ‘as coming into the room. ©) While we swam, it stated to rain .&) While Iwas having a bath, the lights were going out, ©) Debra watched television when the storm began, ‘9, While Iwas walking tothe shop twas losing my bag! {8 What were you doing when Iwas seeing you yesterday? 1) Las walking up the stars when Iwas heazing the hone, .atrived, Complete each sentence. Use one word in each space. 2) Katehas..,£AKEI.. twenty photos ofthe children so fa, by Have you ever. this book? les ealy good. ©) Have you ever. v= t0 Egypt? 4) The dog's not hungzy. It hasnt. «Its dinner © Hm going to bed. Ieaink ve cold 9 Ohnol 've.. “-my bag on the bus. ® Jim has jst vw» a New mountain bike, It was very expensive 4) The washing machine doesn't work I think ve Change the verbs in brackets into the pat sknplaor the present perfect simple. 8) Tina isn’t here. She (just go)... MAS JAgt aONe.... to schoot, 2) What time (70U ge UP) eens this morning? ©) Paul (have... : «a bad car accident three years ago. @) 1Qiv9).. ‘im the same house since 1995, ©) What (youdo).. lastnight? Balan (not fine Ils work yet 2B TNA AE) vn ‘herein 2001, 1) (youse)... “Men In Black’? t's a great ft, GRAMMAR 21 contoLIoATION 3 ‘Complete each sentence oF question witha time expression. 4) Sam has worked for the same company. LOE neon t406 Yeas by Karen hasn't finished her projec sn ©) A: What's Madrid tke? | B: Idon’t know. Ihave. been there 6) Iwalted atthe bus stop oon tO HOU. ©) Ive. ‘had a phone call from my brother in Canada. 1) Helen has lived here 1998. ® Have you eaten Chinese food? 5 Rewrite each sentence using the words in bold. Do not change the meaning. 8) Hast went to the cinema along time ago. haven't 1 havent been. to the cinema. {fora long time, ») Jane rode a bike to school. JAE ©) Peters at school Peter : : ‘) Timand Sue played in the garden every day. used Tim and Sue. : A (©) How long were you in Turkey? to school. to school. 1 Joe started living here three yeas ago, Joe . : z : three years Is this your fst visi to Scotland? 2) Is this you “before? 6 comectaach sentence or question. 8) When have you arived here? ' 'b) What you were doing when I phoned you? ©) Ididn’t do the shopping yet. When Iwas young was weatng glasses. | ©) Dan asived late because he was missing the bus 1, Peter, thlsis Mary. Did you meet before? use to get upealy every morning. ' ‘Think about grammar! Are the sentences true or false? 48) The present perfect simple connects the pat with the present ‘by In the present perfect, all regular verbs end with -en. ©) Used for things that happened a longtime ago.ns or intentions dictions from * situation stoments satives ‘No Questions ‘questions ples Explanations When you decide to do something inthe future you make a plan or have an. ‘intention, Plans can change, sot is not 100% certain, Carol has bough her train ticket and booked her course She ts going to seudy in France next month, (Css her plan oF intention) ‘Sometimes we can see that something ls going to happen, Lookout! Those books are going to fll on your head, He's going to cook dinner. Ti going twcook Tie going to cook ‘were going cook yowresoinstocook she's goingtocook theyre ging tocook It ging to cook erm Clare isn’t going to cook dinner. i not ging tcook Te at going to cook we arene gong to Gk voware’ going t cook she s'going tcook they are’ going to cok ‘eis going t cook Are you going to cook dinner? Amt solngtcook? "Ts he song to cook? Are we gong to cook? “Areyou going to cook? Isshe going to cook? ‘Ae they going to cok? sit going cook? aire What are you gol to doin the summer? When are you going 0 phone me? Is itgoing to rain? Mike's going to run in the Marathon in Agri Linda is going to learn Chinese = We do not use gona in wating GRAMMAR 22 FUTURE PLANS AND PREDICTIONS Look atthe pictures. Complete each sentence with aver from the box oh des, hin ne al.EMENTARY LANGUAGE PRACTICE GRAMMAR 22 FUTURE PLANS AND PREDICTIONS 4 Read Tom’ plans for his holiday. Complete the sentences, 2 Complete each sentence. Use going to and the verb in brackets a) (you, buy). As. ou, aging. 20 buy, v4 new bike? ) Tom (not be) a w-adocton, ©) 10649) va + Some new shoes. ©) Gielen, eatehy sv te in? ©) WhO (C229) serene ‘he shopping forme? Jim and Dinah (not ge) arsed 8) Sam (ae) 1) What time (jou, phone) 1 Where (ee an D Uaot ive. sum Dave a birthday present! 3 _ Rewrite each sentence or question with going to, 4) Joe plans to bay a new computer next yea , 2) On Saturday, ae. going, to. buy a, Next. Yeat..... 5 ae ) We don't plan to play tennis this weekend. ©) On Monday ® © Does Nick plan to join the sports club? ©) On Wedaesday san . je : ©) What are your plans for next summer? 8) On Friday... S What are your plans for next summer? Write sentences. i Next summer I'm gaing to have.q really ggod time Tne gvina to ©) Look! That tree i about to fall over! ) Doyou plan to work hard this year? 8 don't intend to geta new ca 1) The forecast for tomorrow i tan. ') Do Mike and Pat plan to make sandwiches forthe party? 1) Tthink t's about to snow.Cts 7 Explanations ‘A prediction is what you think wll happen, Jim wit passa his exams evi rain moron Mb tate oighe He wit come tthe pay. Semmtimes we emphaste that we ae not certain, We can use perhaps, prabably think or expect Jim will probably pass al his exams. J expect it wil rain tomorrow. Perhaps beaten, think he wil come Oe party. stements They eave tomorow. [Feit fevitent sents —] ouwilive sree ey wit iane titi | don‘tknow perhaps think probably o expect sure ra mes vont b aso on ie tae [Fate ~~ wats yeaa —) Jvertone severe gwantiane | itv lane tons WM hes be open oman? [ite tae? tse? — Wyovtamd ——utsteted Ware Wat emer | a pee py satan next wc Itwon't rain tomorrow. Will the tain be ate? expect itwill rain, Idon’t expect iewill rain, think iewill rain. don't think ie will rain, Tmsureewill rain, Ym sure it won't rain, Complete each sentence or question, Use wil or won'tand the verbn brackets. 9) U(choose)...Will.choase,... che team next week ») You aotnars) ‘lot of time to ansirr the questions ©) MrJones (be). back at about 7.30, 4) Dimitr (not know). smcnmmnnthe Ase ©) Tim sce Jane Uke) wrcennne her birthday present, 1 Gou give) «usany homework on Friday? 8) There (not be) ~ any Tessons tomorow. 1) (we see) ‘you tomorrow evening? 1) Lots of people (read) _ Michael White's new book, 1) Think our team (iN) nen He Match, Rewrite ech sentence using the words in bol 2) feb coldtomowrow insure Tm sure ie will. be cld tomoero, 1) Wetlwin expect © Mleave now. nk 4) jimwontbeiate ym sre © tewonttaketong ee espe 1) You won’ have ay probes “mea @ Youtlenjoythepary. ink 1) They wont desde septingget | Finns 9) Thetrain won't be late “Taon'texpect 1 Jamel tave cooked diner imaginerg Explanations We use will and won't we ‘when We refuse to do things 1 Meetings and appointments TM see you ouside the cinema at 7.30. Waiter: What would you ike? Customer: 11 have chicken, please, oN | STO Tol oasis cys ae esions. refusing 'n We make promises, decisions ofthe moment and © Promises IMsive youth money tomorow, GRAMMAR 24 MEETINGS, PROMISE, ‘Choose the most suitable reply (1-6) foreach statement or question ff. i 8) Bye fornow! 1 Don't worry, t won't forget ) Give me that piece of cake! 2 Mlbring it tomorrow, 1 promise! ©) Where's your homework? 3 No, twon't! les mine. 4) What would you like to eat? 4 Tthavea sandwich, plese | 1 ©) Where arewe going to meet? 5 Bye, see you later, 1) Please remember to call ne. 6 Ml see you outside the cinema, I ‘ook at the pictures and make sentences with willor won't. | the end of the week.Explanations este decide when tous wlan when to usegong, Study these examples. = Plan, Do you watt $0 (othe cinema this evening? No, 'm soing to do ot of work this evening, f= Intention ‘Are you going to play basketball tonight? No, I don'think so, Promise ‘You haven't done your homework, Whereis i? Md its of work this evening, 2 Formal Prediction Heres the weather forecast tomorrow it wall rain in the afternoon 1 Prediction from clues What do you think about the weather? 1s going to rain this afternoon. Refusing Will you wash the floor? No, won't! You made ity! GRAMMAR 25 WILL AND GorNG ro: PROBLEMS 1 thatteeisgoingto fal” 1th be buck 2 Tat ee wilt 2 Fm going tobe ack 8 ® 1 Areyou going to play? 1m not going to eat it 2 Willyou play? 2 Twon’eeatit, 8 1 The King will arsive at 6.0, 1 Iwon't be late tomorrow: 2 The Kingis going to 2 'mnot going tobe late onorrow. arrive at 6.00. 2 Choose each sentence wth the correct form ofthe verb in brackets ) Jane qhave)..Af aging 0, have. a baby in thesummer, ©) Bye for now Peshaps 1 (e) ws rou later with my relatives in New York. ©) Next summer I (tay). os 4) don't know my plans for the weekend, Wht (€o you) snes ©) Jim's tied, s0 he (go) oa soot bed ea. 1) Helen (move) to London rext yea,Explanations ‘We can ute the present continuous when we talk about arrangements for the future, Arangements are plans, but we are sure they wll happen. We often write ‘them in our diaries. = My parents are buying me a bike for my birthday, (Vm sure about thls) sim going tothe dctor’s on Friday. (i's fixed. Thave an appointment) Doctor Goodell ote Sr OE Ra ain yf 44 pon 4 peg | “Are you dotng anything on Saturday?’ “Tm having a party’ (i's fixed. I've invited my fiends.) What are you doing tomorrow? Ym staying at home and studying. © comeand go ‘My brother is coming to stay, ‘Hm going to Prague tomorow. 1 golng to or present continuous? Pm having a party. Tm going to have party Joan ts going to get her irc (She doesn’t know when exactiy) Jean i getting fer haircut next week. Fixed arrangement (She has an appointment atthe hairdressers) Fixed arrangement Plan/intention Plan/Intention jbeniag chil "Saturday Dentiet 4.30 | foal ssmigicoo=) orca eu | Monday Basketbak Spr ~ | runiay Be some shopping im afornzon | Weanescay Landon | jp toceece L 2) (se) ») Guay) © (play). 1) (€0) on © Go) D dave) ® ome) [Change the verbs in brackets into the present continuous. 8) What (you do)....Are. You. dag, this evening? 2) Int come). : to school tomorrow. ©) Tina (0). nto aly next week. 8) (0B) wn party tis week? ©) We (808 $0) nnn sna Rone on the busafter schoo. 1 (Mis Simpson teach) vn his afternoon? ) Catherine and George (not acne) ne YMOAON. "tothe football match tomoxow? 1) Goaguim go) 9) Ann (not work)... 1 (youteave on Friday. thisafteroon?>re contrasts ier ou re io Explanations Here are some examples of time words we use when we ae talking about the futare: = tomorrow ‘Tm leaving for France tomorrow. next week {0 see you atthe meeting next week. Goodbye! 1 see you soon, later, afer 1 phone you late. to0 object) 1 phone you after theft (object) ina moment, ete. Il be back in a moment, ‘see you in two weeks. 1 at(sthetime) Mi be back at 6.00, {hs the year 2100, people wil live on the moon. ur schoo trip stars tomarow. We're leaving at sx {ve forgotten my keys and we can't et the house. What are we going to do now? Prediction Fixed arrangement Planyintention ‘choose the mos suitable ending to complete each conversation. 8) Are you free tomorrow night? | 1. Somy, I'm going to the cinema with Peter 2 Sony Yhgoto the cinema with Peter. 3. Sony, I'm goto the cinema with Peter ») What areyour pans forthe holidays? 1 Thaves good ext | 2 Tiltohavea good ret! | i 3 I'm going to have a good rest! 1 : ©) What are the arzangements forthe shoot rp tomorrow? 1 We'emeeting outside the front entrance at 8.30. 2. Well meet outside te front entrance af 8.30. | 3. Weve met ous he ont entrance a 8.30 6 Where are you going? Ianto ak 107, 1 tilbebackina moment 2: Fmgolngtobe tack ina moment 3 Pmbelngbackinemoment. | ©) Are you going to be here on Thursday? v 1 No, leaving on Wednesday nternoon ' 2. Nom eave on Wednesday afternoon, 2 No, leaving on Wednesday sfternogn 4) Does your leg still hurt? | 1 Yes,1ve gone to the doctors tomorow, 2 Ye fm going to the doctor's tomerrom, 3. YeaIwentio the doctors tomorow. | ‘Complete each sentence with words from the box. | Slater aminute’ | temotow after) at in next year 4) What ae you doing the day after ') Kates going to start learning French . (©) Thomas is leaving... 6) Rita willbe back. ©) Thenew schoo! will open £)mjust going to the Hizary. see you in £) Jorge won't be long. Hel be back1. Choose the most suitable word or phrase for each space. 8) ‘Do you have any plans for your birthday? "Yes,.B,a party.’ A) HLhave B) Imhaving ») ‘Ineed some help with the shopping tomorrow. ‘Don't worry, +) help B) 'mhelping ©) What... when you go on holiday? 1) will you do B) are you going todo 4) ‘Do you want to come to a football match on Saturday?" ‘Which teams...” 8) ae playing B) are going toplay ©) Don't cary all those heavy books, Some ofthe children... you. A) willl B) are going to help ) The doctors on his way. He... in fiteen minutes A) will be bere 3) isbeing © Good news. Ann... a baby. A) will have 3B) fs going to have hh) I'm somry I can't come tothe lesson tomorrow... my dad in hospital. A) Tit visi B) I'm visiting 2 Complete each sentence with the present continuous form of the ver in brackets, Then tick (¥) the sentences which refer tothe future. 4) Next summer Kate (spend) by Hurry up, Mehmet. Everyone (wait) snes FOF YOU. 9 (you do) anything on Friday? Do you want to come toaparty? 6) Helen (rea) sone bed at the moment, ©) Weigo voto the cinema tis evening, bath, _-latet?Do you want to come fora walk? tomorrow, Have you sald goodbye to him? vending... month in France. v GRAMMAR 28 CONSOLIDATION Correct eich sentence or question. j 2) Wel goto the cinema tis evening, Do you want to come? Wee aa dhs events, Day ') Look out Tat cr wil rash | * ©, Bye for now! I'm going to see you tomorrow, {Sorry can’t meet you. [will goto the doctor's ‘©, Have you heard the weather forecast? It's raining tomorow. 1) ve bought my ticket. [leave tomorzow. 4. Complete each sentence with a word from the box. More than one answer may be possible. is tomorow tonight a) rilbelate £¢itigh., but be home before midnight, 1) Can you wat please? IM be exe. «) Don't worry, ibe here 4) ve finished now. 1 be back ©) Ws cold today, but i bearer. 1), Byefornow. see you aa ) There won't be any lessons. at ia tater oon 5) Underline the corract word in each centence. a) Tina will definitely behere avon 6.00, ’) Oue new sports centre wil be ready next yar/the next ear (©) Hurry up! The bus will be here fater/soon, ) Wl see you afterlater the lesson. ©) Are you doing anything at nighttonight? 1 Iwon't belong, be ready afterin a minute. ) Everything willbe diferent atfn the year 3500! “Think about grammar! Are the sentences tru or false? 1) Thiet ae to ways of calking about the ture in Enigish. |) Tae present continuous or fed rangement o‘sentences nditional 1: real uations “nples of ‘sing the CG Explanations Some sentence esc what avays or usually happens; or give instuetons, 1 Things that usually or always happen, Jn this type of sentence we use the present simple in both clauses. [sausages] resent simple Hf Lhave a cod, 1 (usuallyfalways stay at home. f= Instructions in situations In tis type of sentence we use the inthe other clause. [esse ‘cause ‘fe present simple, imperative Present simple after if.., and an imperative ‘Myou feted, havea rest, Conditional sentences describe possibe situations and situations’ we are certain that something will. ‘We all these ‘real situations’ in contrast to their results. tn ‘real hhappen ifsomeone does something, “imaginary stuations’, We use the present simp ester and win the ober, When clause is true, the speai cae Keri certain about the information inthe other clause cianser ‘camsez f+ present simple, with Ife miss the bus, we be late. Me don’t cateh the bus, we'l be late Ife catch the bus, we won't be late If we don’t miss the bus, we won't be late Af you ride your bike lik that, yout fa of 4H you touch that, you burn yourself ‘The causes in sentences and con Note th use of commas, ‘you miss the bus, your teacher will be angry. Your teacher wil be angry f you miss te bus, ditional sentences can be reversed, (comma sed) (no comma) Compete each sentence. Use the correct form ofthe verbs in brackets a) IJack (not leave dese leave: now, he (iss ..Will MiSs. bis bus Ie teten (wort. hard she (pass). 6) TE (0) se 1 we (go) @) LeMary (not practise wher French, she (not improve) ©) Ii cain) tomorrow, we (hot go) ‘rimming 1) George (come) late, the teacher (be) vennn ADGEY 2) II (se) vue Joe tomorrow, I (fe) him your news. 2 Underline the correct word(s) in each sentence, 8) Ifyou pass/vill press that button, a bell ings. by Ifyou wear your coat tomorrow, you aren?ywon't be cold. ©) If fee/wi fel tired, 1 go to bed eae. &) Ifyou wil come/come back next week, David will be here. © ett ainsi ain tomorrow, we'll stay at home. 1 11 gotouniversity when Iam older, 1 work“work very hard, Read the situation, then complete each sentence. 8) A fiend wants you to play basketball inthe classroom. You are wored about breaking the window. You say: we play. basketball in. the ol ) You want to leave the party now, because You are worried about missing the lait bu. You say: twe —— —— (©) Your dog bites people. friend wants to touch the dog, so yow say Ifyou sn sn «Tes raining. You want to stand under a tee, because you are worried about setting wet, You say: Itwe — a —— ©) You want to take the bus tothe city centre Your fiend wants to walk. You are Worried about geting tired. You sy: Itwe = a ees 19. Youare walking to school with a friend. You don’t want tobe late You suggest hhunrying. You say Itwe doa’.Cua! B14 ditional 2: ‘ginary ditions ples of ditional 2 gadvice eae Explanations Conaonal sentences describe possible suatlons anther sul. n Umaginary situations we imagine what the future woul be ke, the present were fence, In this type of sentence, we use the past simple ater. ad would/wouldn' in. ‘the other clause lanier ‘dae f+ past simple, would + verb If Lknew the answer, Fwould tel you {In this situation, Ido not know the answer, Note: the past simple here does not describe past time. It imagines different present time, If Thad a helicopter, Pa fly to schoo, If landed my helicopter at school, my teacher wouldn't lke it! aftwere. (Gn wattten/formal English) If Tere arock star, Pa live in New York. ‘If Lwere the headteacher, Fa give the class a holiday! Iwas. If Twas a rock star, live in New York If Leas rich, Ld buy you a drink! If were you, A: Pe gota terrible headache! Be If Twere you, I'd take an aspirin. ‘A: Ifel really tied. Bs If Ewere you, Twouldn’t go to bed ate! (possible in informal speech) ai te Na ia Change the verbs in brackets Into the past simple or use would a) HEL (290) aH, ante time, 1 (G0) 99... to the cinema more often. i 1) AEE (fd) nonsense ome Morey, (12KE) ws tthe police. ©) If (have) 1 dog, U(t0K@) It for a walk every day. EL (meet) wan allen 1 (gjss tO alt ) Ieveryone (peak) .. Spanish, nobody (learn)... English 11 Gee ‘Complete each sentence with a verb from the box. sv famous person, I ,.Waild ats. them some questions. yt Aeleoptet Enns f0 $001 9 itt von BAK, th POE nnn ME, om cnn Alotof money, 1 presents for my fal. out. cnn the classioom, my teacher veyangry 9 Mt. vn A ASONAUG [nnn MMe PANE. ‘Read the situations. Complete the advice. Use the ver in brackets 4) Your friend has bad toothache. i} tad, 3 spe sone Gest’. (60) b) Your friena can’t decide wheter fo goto the cues or stay at hore. i. cinema. (g0) ©) Your tind wants to buy #new bik, but hasn't got any money. To svn your parents. (sk) our frend shaving problems studying eens RPI oe oo ate) ©) Your ind always fees red in cas and sometimes falls asleep — m 1 bedearly. (go) arene whe vee A tt reenact.) n‘Yon 1 on 2, Explanations 2 Ccontionat a ‘We are on the roof ofa block of fats. You are standing very near the edge. This is dangerous! [say I you fll, you Hurt youre Conditional 2 | ‘We are on the oof ofa blockof flats. You are not near the edge. There is 20 danger. Imagine a dangerous situation and say: If you fell, you'd hurt yourself Conditional 1 {tts a cold day in winter, We are going to leave the house, [have got a coat for you. say: {If you wear tis coat, you won't be cold Wf Conditional 1 Conditional 2 Conditional 2 Iisa cold day in winter, Weare outside, [am wearing a coat. [am warm, You are not wearlnga coat. You are cold. say: ‘If you wore a coat, you wouldn't be cola! ° 1 1 tewemissthebus wellbelafeforschool, 2. te missed the bus, we wold be ate or sco 1. le thave a helicopter, Tay to work. 2. Thad helicopter, Pa fly 0 work. So: a 1 If welive tthe North Pole we'll feel cool 2. tf welived atthe North Pole, we'd fel cool. If you drop that, VTL break 2. Mfyou dropped that, it would break, 4 nfGRAMMAR 31. cONDIT MENTARY LANGUAGE PRACTICE 3 Choose the most sultable word oF phrase for each space. 2) letwereyou,1,£,on holiday and relax, | r A)will go B)wouldgo —C) go | by ifyou don't haveany money, afb! Avget B)youwould get) you mil get) car, Ewoulda'twalkto work, 6) itl. A. fhe eat all that ie cream, hell be sick, A)didown B)owned C)own 2 Ihe ateall that icecream, he'd be sick. | 4) Ife werent tired, he .. go to the party | A)would B)will C)aid | ©) Ifyou... the door, the cat won't escape. A)doe By closed C)willelose 1) tee ...by lane, weld get there much quicker. A)goB)willgo C)went | Uf Sve .. no, she will mss the bus. A)didn’tleave B)won'tleave — C) doest'tleave 1 tates Pitbein the team, 2 weretales, bein te team 1 Af my brother had an expensive cs hen ally apy Awouldbe a)wilbe Qwas 2 complete each sentence. Use ether Conditional 1 or Conditional . 8) Sue doesn't ride a bike to school, because she doesn’t have one. Hsu bike, che, nanld ride ito schodl 1) fT. apop sa Iwould uy an enormous house. 2) Chris wil pas his exams, but he has to work ard Aybe B)was C)vallbe | om ; “ {) Ifitrains, the children usually ..... inside. i © John sr fat, because he does eat alot Mua ella aay | Hpoha.. ese . / 1 Bln doest’thaves cas so she walks to work. 4. complete these conditional sentences, Use wll or would andthe presen simple JED nem os . corpart simple ©) Alls Egish will improve, but he has to practise. 2) Wete glngtothe beach afterschool you (vant. A... 890M ie 5 with us T tl ‘my mum fitis OK, : 8 Pat won't be late but she has to hurry. 1) always ride my bicycle to work. If (win) . the lotery, 1 : ae ms ssn rete (et)... wo a taxt every day instead! 2) Rita doesn‘ ike swimming so she does't goto the beach, 6) Tesamazing! Everyone in the lass passed the exam! fT (be) a ; eae sree ‘the teacher, I (be) really pleased. ; + Paulo wil get better, but he has to take his medicine 4 tesa very easy machine te TFyou (ad se rn the If Paulo... sss 7 . top, the juice (appear) .....« at the bottom: ee 1 David doesn’ get up early because near the school ‘¢) We've been waiting for almost an hour now. If they (not come) UDavld wenn ae ae soon, we (not Se) the start ofthe concert. ' 1) Carol will cach the bus but she has to leave now 1) Look atthe Sig I Gt) nnn ing, te ace Wear) “ = (nish), early. | 1squestions Explanations Present simple Do you like swimming? Present continuous ‘Are you reading this? Present perfect Hlaye you ever been Italy? Past simple ia you post my teter? Past continuous Were you working? wt Wil itrain tomorrow? sing to ‘Are you going to pay me? be (present) ‘Ave you American? be past) Was that your money? Did pass he tt? “Yes powdid. No, you dat Are you waiting? Yes,1am, 1No,'mnot, ‘Does fim like swimming? Yes, he does. No, he does IsMara reading this? Yes, sheis. No, she tort, Was t working? Yes, was. No, it wasnt. Have we won? Yes, wehave. No, wehavert Have they fished? es they have. No, hey haven. ‘The verbs be, do and have are sometimes the main verb in sentence, and sometimes used as auxliary verbs What are you doing? ares the auliay, dos the main verb Do you ave any milk? dois the auxiliary, haves the main verb HLave you done your homework? haves the auxiliary, dois the main verb Practice Choose the correct responses (1-8) forthe questions (2-h). 1) Was Ann driving? ») Did you see Tom yesterday? 1 (©) Do you know the answer? 6) Have you seen this lm? ©) Ate you reading this? 8) Were you siting here? Ble George leaving? bh) Has Helen finkshea yet? Use the prompts andthe verb forms in brackets to write questions GRAMMAR 32 sHoRT a¥swens Yes, Ido. No, he isn't No, Thaven't Yes, Twas. No, ste wasnt. No, she hast Yes, id, No, 'm not 4) theylwork hard (past continuous) Were. warking by Jimveat yet (present perfect) © you/read alot 6) Tomiting a letter ©) Tinalleave yesterésy 9) welmeet before 8) Sam/waten TV (past continuous) Write a short answer for each question. 4) Have you seen my wallet? >) IsDavid studying French? ©) Diditzain yesterday? 4) Doyou ike Indian food? ‘© Have you ever been to Prague? {Are you having good time? ® Does Mary work here? 'h) Was Tom bothering you? (present simple) (present continuous) (past simple) (present perfect) 7 i {westions stand questions 4 ees Explanations We use: Who is that Tack, what with tings What are you looking for? A pen. when with time When are you leaving? At 6.00. Wire do you ve? hat house Present simple ‘When do you usually getup? Present continuous What are you doing? Present perfect Why have you stopped? Past simple How dia you fee? Past continuous ‘Where were you going? Puture Who are you gong to meet? When will you come home? Wy are you leaving? When do you usually setup? At7.30. What are you doing? ‘Writing a letter, Why have you come? ‘To sive you a present. How did you fel? Terie. Where wereyouolng? Home, ‘Wetuse What and Who to ask questions about the subject or the object, Questions about the subject do not use the auxiliary do (does, dd), Subiect Verb—Obiect Cats eat fish Subjectquestion: Wht eats an? ccatscat sn. ‘Object question: What do cats eat? Cats eat fish, ‘© Subject questions ‘What makes people happy? Love makes people happy/Love does. Who sits inthis seat? Hele sts in this seat/Helen does. Object questions. What do you wearin winter? Iwear an overcoat/An overcoat, What areyoureading? —Fmreading Olver Twist /Oliver Twist. soc JLES When the main verb is be, or the tense is past continuous or present continuous, dois not used, ‘GRAMMAR 33 11H. QUESTIONS; SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTIONS Use the prompts and the verb forms in brackets to write questions. (present continuous) 8) Why/you cry? . Why are, you. cryina?. : 'b) Howiyo get here {gast simple (©) What/jack usually do/on Saturdays ‘present simple) 4) How onglyoulivehere (presen perfec) ©) Where/David/go {past continuous) 1) Who/you talkt0 “oreveneconsinsos) [es contin) “Running makes me tied. ‘PL taked to the manager’ 2 read a newspaper! 12 Kate brought the ioe-cream’ v= Joe decided to take the job.” "Tanswer most of the questions’ ..?” Thishouseis mine! "Pat looks after the children.” ‘Change the answers in brackets into short answers. 4) ‘What are you eating” (I'm eating a sandwich.) 1) ‘Who helps you?" (My teaches helps me.) ©) "What do you watch?” (Lwatch cartoons) 4) ‘Who do you waite to? ([wtite to my penttlend) ‘©, ‘What makes you laugh?’ (You make me laugh!) 4) ‘Who loves your" (Somebody loves mel)Cees tion and "9 Explanations + Wecan put tag questions at the end of stat {nto questions. 1 The tag is made of the ausiliary + dasa 1 Positive questions have a positive verb + negative ta ve tag. 1 Negative questions have anogative vetb + positive tag. statement witha tag question ements and make the statements Pronoun, When there is no auxiliary, use You tke chips, You like chips, don’t you? You like chips, don’t you? You don’t tke chips, do you? We're arriving soon, aren't we? We aren't leaving, are we? She's finished, hasn't she? ‘She hasn’t arrived yet, has she? You bought some milk, dldn’'t you? You didn't buy any bread, did you? ‘Tina was running quickly, wasn’t she? Tina wasn't wearing running shoes, was she? You won't be ate, will you? You be careful, won't you? You're going to havea party, aren't you? We aren’tsoing to be late, are we? ‘Tor te so fasts he? You weren't ate, were you? You've got a brother, haven't you? You haven't gota sister, have you? ‘a Real questions ('m not sure ofthe answet) You like swimming, dont you? You don't tke swimming, dayou? ‘= Checking (think know the answer) You like swimming, don’t yon? You don’t tke swimming, do you? Present simple Present continuous Present perfect Past simple Past continuous wt sping me have got Underline the correct tag in each sentence. 2) Jim got los, id hen’ he? ) Youdon't know the answer, do youldon't you? GRAMMAR 34 TAG QUESTIONS ) Thechlldren were making lot of nots, wasn't were they? <8) Harry doesn’ feet wel, sn does he? ©) George didn't complain, did h/t he? {Something has gone wrong, has itiasn't 1 4 Youaren't sitting here, fn t/ are you? ‘h) You will read this, will you/wont you? 4) Paul ikes J sn toesn' he? {) You're wating for Sue, in it/aren’ you? Complete the questions. Choose the correct tag (1-10) for the statements (@-)- a) An catches the bus, 1 wash't she? ») Janis leaving in the morning, 2 idler ©) Sally won't be back, 3 dign'e she! 4) Helen has let, 4 doesn't she? ©) Kate finished the book, 5. willshe? 1) Sue hasn't gota bike, 6 did she? {® Tina ita Prench teacher, 7 dose 1) Paula didn't say alot, 8 hasn't she? |) Mary wassitting next to You, 9 hat she? 1) Pam doesn'tike classical music, 10 isnt she? ‘Wte a tag for each sentence. 4a) Haury has boon helping yom, ) You don't eat meat, ©) Paul wassleeping, 1) Lmlssed good film, €) Jane is leaving in the morning, 9) Weare goingto win, 1) Jack hasn’t done his homework, « hh) You weren't having dinner, 4) David and Kate aren't coming to the party j) Sue didnt Leave early, a‘Complete the questions. 8) Whe snl : sik next 9 J 1 Complete these conditional sentences. Use willor would and the present simple ». itnext to past simple 7 SS ee ; 2) Lookat that sy! e's going to ran, ge) oa ‘No, [haven't ve never Deen to nda. | 2 eee ©) What.. * | (eaten ce ld Tomorow? im glngto have ae {tink i 1) Ymnotyour teacherso don't know the answer If be) ae teacher, I (tell) you to look in your dictionaryt “ae Bengt ate neon 6) Toften imagine beng ona desert lad IE 48) ona ae dese land, pen) ‘dey shag tndsurbating! SS €) Yes, often se Helen, HEL $6) se -her tomorrow, (el) 4 . ert call you ae tao at Ye imme vey me 69 Come on, ary up. me Ou) _ me get) a 2) Who. to the cinema before the beginning ofthe film, a rn that house? Mark ives there, think. 1 Soy t Ihave gota penal sharpenet ff hav) none, | (end) vt you but haven't got one! A. White stag for each sentence. \ 8) Let's go now. IE We (n0t get) enone ‘there before 7.00, there (aot a) You like ice-cream, ..... 6M YO. | be any ckts let forthe rock concert. >) Yournames Ewa, \ 4 Laon’ believein allens. Anyway, ifallens (and). on ©) Wetenot ate, ven? Earth think they (soon decide) se 8 hie tthe planet! 4) You'e wating frac, e ©) Roberto hasnt go broth, ‘2 Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, Do not change the meaning, beeen 2) Ladvige you to goto the doctor's ae 2 | ue. ere Yt Jul 90 to the doctor's, . : 2 Noumea 1 Fm sue your nametsn' jim, 5 correct each sentence or question. Your. . : se i 2) What yours doing this evening? 6) Tink you've forgotten your homework! = ») Who does ve here? You = yout ©) If am sich, Lam buying big cart 4 ttyou don’t muy, wel be late i 4) You haven't gota pen, got you? ) What means this? 1) You're Helen isn't? ©) Thope our team isn't going to lose. outa . . 8) Why don’t you go to bed early? “Think about grammarl Are the sentences true or false? tanec im - (Mies es bia a : a . = b) Nevers doimsabectauestons, eae 2) You's nny because you dona beak sc cones abe gud | wouldn't i | | } avestions MO Por the past, could is used, For the future, beable to. By and possil ce | Explanations Sinema ‘eats ‘aeons Ten swim. Teas Can sin Youcanswim. ——Youcantowim. ——Canyotauim? ecansvim Hecartsvim ———Canhesuint? Secanovim. ——Shocantsvim.— Can shen? Teansvin eartsrim.——Ganitovin? Weeansvim Wiecantsvim. ——Canwesvind Theremin, ——_Theyeavtonim, Cantey vin? cannot swim, In formal witing and speech. an ose? Yes, Lean. No, Team You cam seit can’ you? You can’ set can you? (am you rida bite? Sorry, but Ian’t come t your party on Friday, Tean’t lift hs table, GRAMMAR 36 MODALS OF ASILITY AND POSSIBILITY 11 Read the form and write sentences about Nicol ‘What ean you do? ‘Name: Nicola Schiffon | walk? ran? dance? smile? speak English? idea bicycle? xe a. ». oe ® ° 9 2 Rewrite each sentence using can or can't. Do not change the meaning. {8 Tmnotableto come to your patty. ance. canine, #9 your. PARRY. posible foryou to play basketball tonight? » ‘9, Do you know how to use a computer? 4) It isn't possible for you to borrow my bike ‘©, W’simposeible for us to answer thls question. 8) [es not posible for me to help you. ) I don know howto play this game. 1) Isitpossiblefor you to help me? 85Explanations situations for mist: ‘Werusally use must when we talk about necessary or important actoas. must Teave now. don’t want tobe late, We must remember to take our passports. ‘We can also use have ton these situations, Situations for have to: ‘We use have t when we talk about a rule made for us by somebody else, We have to wear auniform at my school. (ara) When the its are red, you have to stop. (are) Thave to leave ‘Do Thave eave? You have t leave, ‘Do yeu have to leave? He has w leave. ‘Does he have to leave? ‘She has to leave. ‘Does she have to leave? Ithas to leave Does ithaveta leave? We have tleave. owe have to leave? ‘Theyhavetoleave. Do they have to leave? ‘We don’t usually use mustin these situations. must leave at6.00. Do have to leave at 6,00? Thave to leave at 6.00. DoT have to eave at 6.00? Situations fo should ‘Should gives the speaker's opinion of what Isa good thing todo. ‘You should check your work a the end of the lesson. You should eat frit evry day. (This means: [a good idea for you to do this) 2) Do itagain b) Work faster! ©) Tum to page Sot ) Hurry up! © Stop talking! 1) Listen tome! 8) Give me your homework! 1) Ste down! ‘Change the statements into questions andthe questions into statements. Life at schoo! So o have, t0, wear.4.wniform?, ') Doyou have todo homework a ©) must stein the same place 4 He has to ane before 8.0. {6 Does she haveto cat uneh a school? 1) have to change clasrooms. g) They must do gym. ... 1) Do you haveto learn German? ee ere ee ” Townk yan goto te doce eremaeenaeeos oe ° eee riot pce amore — a 9 mayopiia wiapediaebeyouvodat | nate ie = ee A ganar ra ip Mtymaqen wayne rae ° 7 \Explanations must not = mast (Trt do tht. He mas’t do that. We main’ do a Yunust’tdo that, She mus de that. They must that. emus do that You mustn't shout! (These actions are not allowed.) ‘Students must not eat or drinkin the classroom. ‘Must notis mote formal and is used in waitten English, donot don't doesnot = doesn't Tao have Tredocar'thavetowedon have to youdon'thaveto she doesn'thave to they don thave to it doesnt have to oe We don’t have to s0 to school tomorrow. (These actions are not necessary) Jim doesn't have to get up early tomorrow. should not = shoiuln’t Shouldn't gives the speaker's opinion of what isa bad thing to do. You shouldn't watch television all day. (in my opinion this a bad idea) Kate shouldn't eat so much chocolate. The fst © in mush’ fe slient, eee Look atthe notices and say what Is not allowed. Use the prompts to write sentences with should aid shouldn't Information for Olympic athletes | a) smoke. \art.shouldn' smoke, Db) eep fit ©) eat healthy food v. 4) drinkalcohol x ©) gotothegymy...... 9) take drugs. Use the verbs in brackets to make negative sentences with have fo. 2) Kate (ake.docon' have. 9 take... exim tomorow. ) Jim (getup) ay 9 Take) ~ eee @) George (do) « aera ©) You it) 8) Helen (40) here. . her homework. 9 ih Mbility biigation Explanations could Teou ear, He couta hear, You could hear. She could hear Itcoul hear. couldn't could not = couldn't Teouln' Fico hear You couldr'thear. She couldnt hear Ieeouln’ ear ‘looked for my wallet but I eouldn’t fr it ‘had to (must does not have a past form —use had to) Thad 3. Hehad ogo. You had to go. ‘She ha to go. Thad 05. ‘Thad todo alo of homework yesterday dlan’thave to ‘id not = didnt Tdldn’thave ogo. Hedidnthave to go. Youdidn’chave to go. She din’ have tg 1 adn’t have to 30. ‘om didn't have to goto school today, We cul ear ‘Tasy could her. Jane could swim when she was sx. (She knew how to swim.) We colt hear, ‘They couldnt hea. Wehad too. ] ‘They had t 50. —___| ~ Wealthave to 0] ‘Tagy did thave to $0. | GRAMMAR 39 MODALS: PAST lacie Complete each sentence (af with an ending (1-6) a) Ldida’t light fie because veh ) [ide do my homework because 9) Lida’ use the computer because 4-1 didn’t do the shopping because 6) didn't goto the doctors because ) Taldn’t goto the party because ‘couldn't make an appointment. I couldn't understand the instructions. 4 couldn't find the matches, couldn‘ remember the exercise. ‘couldn't get ready in time. | couldn't goto the supermarket. Write what you had odo or didn'*have todo yesterday. 4) wash the dishes ...L.didu’t have. to, wash the, dishes. ») cook dinner. ©) dohomework «) go shopping ©) goto shoot. £)writealetter Rewrite each sentence using could/couldn’tor had to/didnt have to, Do not change the meaning. 2) It was impomsible for Sarah to get home before 7.00. sarah... oaldivt gee. home, before, 7.00. by Ie was necessary fo Paul to leave at 6.0 to catch his plane. Paul 6) Iewas impossible for us to believe our luck! We enn eee 4) Ie wasn't necessary for Mike to wait lng forthe bus. Mike = 7 «) Annis friend knew how to speak ive languages. Anne — {nen 1) Sony Tidn't phone, but it was impossible to ind your number. Sozry didn’t phone, but 1 | |Explanations 2 Uncertainty future time (Our team might win the basketball match. Tmay/might see younext week {may/might not have ie to finish tonight, 1 Possibility ~present time ‘The cat could be i the kitchen ‘The baby may/might be crying because he's tired, 1» Impossibility or certainty ~ present time ‘Ie can't be Tuesday today! It as Tuesday yesterday! Hemust beat home, (I'm sure heis at home) ‘She can’t bein Spain! saw her today! (Vm sure she ts’'tin Spain.) 1» Wecannot use can’t and must for impossibility or certainty in future time, aS Weeantsay: ‘team Be Tuesday! X Terms be Tuesday. X Rewrite each sentence using might, conor must. Do not change the meaning. a) Perhaps st wl ran. KE MII A ) Tim sue thisis ight. 6) Pesaps see you tomor Vm sue that isn the answer ©) Fm suc this the platen 1) Pethaps won't come to you pty. {9 Im sue you're not serious! hy im sure we are eal. Look at the pltures, Choose the most sultable sentence (foreach pctre 6. 2) Thy room 4, She might be teaching. ») [think he must be a tours. ©) Thiscan‘tbe the right houset 4) Ithink your watch must be wrong. ©) This can't be right! 8) Carefull You might falloff 93Explanations f+ Modals domo have tin person sending. Teanswim. — eoncansvin 1% Modals bave more than one meaning. This depends on the context You must pay before 21st january. (Obligation) think Carol must be very happy. (Cestainty) an you use a computer? (ability) (Can you open the window? (nformal request) Nick can’t dance, Hes never leamed, (Inability ~not able to doit) Itcan't be Tuesday! (mmpossibity) 12 Some modals have the same meanings in the same context. have o go. = Imus 0 ‘The negative forms have different meanings. Ldon't have 1050. vs not necessary) Taste’ go. snot allowed) 1 Some modals have only small differences of meaning. have to wear a suit and tie, (hiss there.) 1 should wear a sult and i (This is nota rule but people expect ‘me to doit. can choose not to-do ‘GRAMMAR 41 MODALE: Underline the correct words in each sentence. 8) We mustndant have t goto school on Tuesday. I's. a holiday. ) In this country, you have to/should have an kdentity card. 6) Sorry I'm late. I musihad to go to the doctors. | 6) You don't have to/should' eat so muuch chocolate. I's bad for you! ©) im sorry, but Im not able ro/lon’t have to meet you tomorrow. 1) You must'¥/don’ have to leave the room without permission, {®) Where did you have t/must you go yesterday? hh) [don't think you must/should go out today. 4) Sony, 1don’t understand. an t/mustr't speak German, Rewrite each sentence using the words In bold. Do not change the meaning. 2) TRvasn’ necessary for me to goto schoo yest. didn't have. vo.ga ta, school yesterday, by I'm sure this isnt right, 6) Tina knew how o ply the piano aan ea ag. {) Pethaps I'l se you tomorrow. (©) Harry managed to repair the radio. | 1 Te was necesary for Bill to return his library book. © Ws possible that Carol will phone tonight ‘Complete the sentences. Write one word foreach space. 8) JACK. nf Be Home before 10.00. ) Emma. swim very well fora child of her age. ©) Students. not leave coats in this on, @) We to get up before 6.00 tomorrow ©) Lehink we -» go home now. 9 Jenny to leave early in the morning. 8) You don't rv todo this f you don't want to. ») tm 1 t0 do all his homework again. 95Underline the correct words in each sentence. 2) Sorry 'm ate 1 hud ay go othe brary. 1b) My brother coud wall/might walk before he started talking. {©} You've worked very had. You could befmust be ted. 8) George did't have to walthadn’ to wait ong forthe bus, «9 Don't walt for me.I could Beha oe ate 1) Helen mustn't do/could do het homework, because she was il, {® This bus had to go/migatg0 tothe cente. Shall ask the driver? hh) Sam dropped the tne gases, but was able teat catch one! ‘Complete the sentences, Write one word foreach space. 4) That was.a Jong walk! You.,.JMUGS... be tired. ) Sony Twas away yesterday I nnnsn tO G0 t0 the hospital ©) Will yoube .-to give me some help tomorrow? 6) DO YOU ann 80 G0 ROW? 5 ) Peter. ride a bike when he was seven, 9) Mary be in her bedroom. The light ison. ) Students ‘not leave thelr bicycles near this door. Its forbidden. ») We. to ty very hard, but we succeeded In the end. Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, Do not change the meaning. 2) I'm sure that bag isn’t yours Tat. GN be, b) My advice sto talk to your teacher about. {think you Is not necessary for you to be here before 8.00. You : —— ) I'm sure that Sam knows the answer. Sam ns os a ©) 'm sony I'm lat. Itwas necessary for me to goto the doctor’. Vm sory f'm late. 1 a 1) Pethaps Cathy isa the library. cathy . ® What is your advice? ‘What do you think seven YOUE Da. “A “Rewrite each sentence using the words in bold, Dp not change the meaning 2) Ies very important foryou to beer at 6:00. Yeu. must be ere at 6,00. ») Its impossible for meto see you tomorrow. must 6) It’s necessary to press the batton twice. 4) Its nota good idea to eat lots of sweets. ©) Iesnot possible for Jean to come tothe party. 1, es not necessary for you to pay now. 4) Parking here is forbidden. by Tes necessary for you to work harder. Complete the sentences, Write one word foreach space. Can't, couldn'tet are fone word. 4) You're only wearing a t-shirt and shorts, You... MUL... ee cold! br sm Rotbe at school tomorrow. [fee il (9) Tina searched the swimming pool, but wasnt. tofind herring. 14) Pechaps you left your wallet onthe bus, or It. .~ beathome, ©) The exam was long, and. _ finish all the questions. ) Brian dida'. todoany homework, so he went tothe cinema, ®) This ‘be the house. Is the wrong number. Let's try down thee. by Ann ‘un much faster than her fiends, 1) This ill roonnn De ight. There's a mistake in It somewhere. 4) Sony was out. to goto the shops. ‘Think about grammar Are the sentences true or false? 9) Masts the same as dont have to ') Theres very tte difference between mst and hae © ©) Should is sed when you think something isa good idea 7Explanations ‘a Spelling rules for regular noun plurals ‘One vowel, one consonant ot cats bed eds Words ending ins, sh glass glasses dish > dishes ‘Words ending inch match =» matches watch >» watches Words ending in x box ————> boxes fx, > fares Words ending ino potato > potatoes tomato ——» tomatoes Words ending in consonant and y fury ——» families Words ending in vowel and y donkey ———> donkeys ‘Words with final consonant f Knife ———> bnives fife, | > ives af leaves thief > thieves Irregular noun plurals Some nouns have irregular plurals or do not change. child > chitten ‘tooth = ———> teeth mouse =————= mice foot > feet Nochange ‘Some words have the same singular and plural sheep ———» sheep sh ps Some words are always plural scissors pair of scssors ‘rouserseans/shorts a pair of trousersfean/shorts | Gmamman 43 PLURAL Nouns Whatare they? | » » me) 6 ° o- ‘Write the plural ofeach word in brackets. 4) Can you go to the shops? We need some (potato). Pee >) Most fasnly) enjoy going on holiday together. (©) Jack decided to make some (booksHelD) forhis bedroom. 8) Do you tuk you could lp uae wash che (dish) ©) Sue bought three (box) of chocolates. {In the afternoon we went tothe z00 and fd the (monkey). Complete the words. 4) In theautumn, the 1 fall of. >) In the Mbrary there were lots of: full of books. (9) Wewanted to light fire so we bought a box of m. 4) Kate has got two ‘son anda daughter ©) NOWAGAYS Wennnensene Want tO do the same jobs as men, 9) My eyes ache when I read [think I need new ‘on the trees change colour anc thenGRAMMAR 44 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: A, AN, SOME, ANY Explanations vtable nouns Wecan count countable nouns. ‘abotle twobotties three bots Countablenouns~singular a/an ‘We use an before words beginning with a vowel Tvegotan umbrella. Have yougota chal? Some words are regular because the sound is diferent. fan hour the his silent) a unlversity ‘Countable nouns plural some, any, not any ‘We use some for statements ‘There are some cars in the othe room. ‘We use any for questions ‘Are there any chairs inthe other room? ‘We use not... any for negatives, ‘There aren’t any chai inthe other room. runtable ‘We cannot count uncountable nouns ‘nouns some cope somemilk —_somerce , sandwiches 6) Alluncountable/mass nouns some, any not any i i We bought some tea. 2 Unuetine the correct wordin each sentence. id you buy any tea? i 4) Jack hasnt got alany brothes. We lid ty ay ta ! 1) There weren't someany eters forme his morning 1 Could you buy me some ea? (expect yout say "es 6) Could Ihave alsome wate, please? ‘Are there some seniches forme? F 4) Tent othe supermarket because dldn'thavea/any milk ©) There ont a/any railway station in thie town. 1) Sorry, we don’t have some/any boxes let. {8) Have you got a/any pen that Ican borrow? | 3 choose some or any foreach spac. a) There aren‘... AMY.... ood restaurants in this town, by Don't worry about lunch. Ive Brought nein sandwiches ©) Youneed.. sclssors to cut the paper. 4) Have you got brothers and sisters? ren eee ©) Ithinkyou owe me. money. 1) We'd lke to stay longer, but we don’t have 1) Could you give me... {information please? 101ageot sing ountables ‘no splural sr problems Explanations Some nouns ae countable with one meaning and uncountable with another ‘meaning. ah somefisn SD sefee ee pape somepper 7 avoed rm anion someon a some ge seve Cont hav some ve? ‘pete aie some sage nth args) Yor gh gn te Yow htt ba finite This fii ey dan ss Cl ghee ote orton? ther Te wats fal oy ‘heme tone tabe wage My ga. peal "Thereare some peopl nse, ay raeeeen brad Cold yout oa of bn? (ie camara ead) fish One fish, two fish, etc. pole ‘Tepe ae coming ings form, pla et) ews "Tene son (posing eb) GRAMMAR 4S COUNTASLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: PROBLEMS. ‘Complete the sentences. Choose a, an or no article for each space. 8) The old bridge was mad© Of youn HOD: ») Shall we have ©) Could you bring me ... @) They make these towels from ) That was silly of me. Now there’. coffee all over the table. 1D. My shires dry now. Have YOU g0t wom OM? 8) One wall i... ass, so there slots of light in the room. 2b) Can you buy me nan. paper? I want 1 check the football resuls. ‘sh? This restaurant is famous fort alas peas? reeled pape. ‘Choose the mest sable wordor phrase for ch pace. a) Il post your letters. Have you got 8.7 asamp Danysamps Oanystamp Theses wee empty. There weren't thee ‘Avpeonies B)some people C)any people ©) Have you got ..? ean help you. AYaluggage —B)someluggngesC)any luggage Do youtke..? No, don't. Ayhot milk B)ahot milk C) some hot mile ©) We've just moved into our house, and we haven't gt A)afumiture B)any furniture C)some furniture 1) There wasn't any Wood, 50 WE USE A) plastic B)any plastic C)a plastic ) Can you help me? I'd tke... | A)anadvice B)someadvice C) advices 8) Helen hai... b) The weather. really good atthe moment. ©) Don’t worry. The police here. ‘very friendly 4) Can you turn on the television? The NEWS wn ©) Women, vw usually better listeners than men. 9) Where su the money that I gave you yesterday? 1 Your glasses ‘onthe table. hy David's French . food. He's been taking lessons. 103hand many itions and atives oo ae Gountable Prcasneat ye i Mics ‘muchemany. ees ¥ Explanations Thereiovtmach tine, countable thre much ne? The areet many sats. uncountable freee many eat? tn informal statements, we use tof Te Tots of tne Threats of ses Informa statements, we we mary ‘Many pple Ben gos Mr torso ited sgetna many yeas. How much..? uncountables How much homework have you got? Lost “How much tine have we got? ‘We've got fen minutes. How much milk do you want? Not muck. How many..? countables How many pages do youhave to read? Ten How many brothers and sstrs have you got? Two brothers. How many people are here here? Ahundred. How many players are there? [Not very many. GRAMMAR 46 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: mucH, WARY LUndlatlin the correct word in each sentence, 1) There isn't many/much food in the fidge, Vn afta, ) Have you reed manymuch books in German? (9) Wedon’t have manyymuch ran in the suramet. <) There isn't many/much coffe lt. ©) You haven't made many/much mistakes. 1), Have you got many2much iiends inthis town? 8) Hurry up. We haven't got many/much time, hn) Do many/muc cazs park in this street? ‘Complete the questions with How much or How many ) .....HMaw.amucle..... money have you got? ». sno Studentsa in the class? ©) sn v- words do we have to write? a paper do youneed? Q. pages are there in thls book? dD. time have we got eft? » ‘water do you drink in a day? ») ‘mes have you been to London? ‘Write one word In each space. ) Ii try to call you tonight, but I don’t have MHC... cme ) HOW sens thts do you brush your teeth every day? ©) Shall make some more tea? I didn’t make. 4) Kate only atea sandwich because she didn’ have ws MONET, ©) There weren't. seats so some of shad to stand wp. 1) Have You g0t snr Wotk, OF do you want to come fo the cineria? 2) We invited lots of people to our party, but not. sn tuened Up. hh) You'll have to share, because there aren't books. ‘ead the answers. Write a question for exch answer. Use How much or How many 2) -ulfon many beathers have, ou.g00?,... ve got wo brothers » Iecost £2.00. ° = . Ter are ten people o. Ineed two bieydes. ° Palka lot ofr. 5 eas got tree hilzen Boom Thaven' got any money. 108uch untables vary tables sh~ countable sncountable Explanations {ve put too much sugar my te. (anore thant wanted!) ‘Tye gotfoo much work. (more than is possible to complete) ‘There are too many students inthis class (Ws very crowded.) ‘Pvegot too many books ned some new shebes! (The shelves are fll) Are there ough chairs? No. There are wenty people and fifteen chats 1s there enough tm? Yes. We an have lunch and then catch the bus. There aren't enough chairs ‘There isn’t enough time. ‘There are too many students inthe classroom. There aren't enough chairs. GRAMMAR 47 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: MUCH, MANY, ENOUGH eee choose the most suitable sentence (a0 foreach pcre (1-6). tp op e 2 | 4) There s too much noise. >) There are too many people. 6) There isn’t enough water 4) Thaven't got enough money. ©) There aren't enowgh chats. {put too much pepper init. 107Underline the correct sentence. 8) Sony, but Ican’t pay the bill 1. Pve got too much money. 2 Lhaven't gotenough money. ») Teooked spaghetti for ten, but only two people came. 1 Pvegottoo much spaghetti, 2 I've got too many spaghett ©) Jamis very lonely. 1 Hehasgottoomany friends. 2 He hasn’t got enough frends. You can take ten sultcases onthe plane! 1 You've got too much luggage, 2 You haven't got enough luggage. 6) Please share the books, one between two. 1 There are too many books. 2. There aren't enough books 1 Eight people can't go in one tai 1 Thereis too much zoom, 2. There isn't enough room. 8) We didn't enjoy our holiday. 4 There was too much ain. 2. There wasn’t enough rain, 1) Please write this again 1 Therearetoo many mistakes. 2 There aren't enough mistakes 1) Ym too tired to get out! 1 Tvehad too much seep. 2 Ihaven't had enough sleep. J) This bread tastes horsible! 1 Thereistoomuchsaltinit, 2 Thereare too many satin ‘Choose the best ending (1-10) foreach sentence (a+). {) Tean‘tplay tennis now. 1. There isn't enough light. ) Leet abit sick. 2. There's too much nolse © ean’t drive you home. 3 Thaven’t got enough sugar 4) Lean't havea bath. 4 Tye got too many clothes, ‘©, Thereisno room in my wardrobe. $I haven't got enough petrol, 1) can't sleep inthis room. 6 I've got too much homework. fg) Vecan't read here, 7 Thaven’t got much money. bh) can't eat this soup, 8 I'veeaten too many apples, 1) Tcan't makea cake, 9 There's too much sat nit 5) Tean't buy a new bike 10 There isn't enough hot water. ——— choose the most suitable word or phrase for exch space. 8) There is no room on the bus. There are A. people. 4) too many B)toomuch C) not enough Fm stil very hungry. There was... food. A)toomuch B)notenough ©) enough ©) Have we got dks for the party? Ajenough B)toomany C)not enough 4) John dida’t buy the CD. Itcost... money. A)toomany Byenough ©) too much ) Wecan't goto the brary today. Theres... time, A)too many B)enough _C) notenough 1) Yak! This sandwich is disgusting. There's... salt in it 4)t00 much Byenough ©) too many '8) My homework is very dificult. There are... new words to learn. ‘A)notenough B)toomany C) enough bb Katy has... money to buy a car, She's lucky! A)toomuch Byenough ©) too many 1) Wecan'tall sleepin here, There. bed Ajnotenough B)toomany Cenough 1) Clarets very happy. She had ..felends at her party. A)toomuch B)enowgh _C) notenough Rewrite each sentence using too much of fo0 many and the words in bold. Do not change the meaning 4) This oom is very crowded, people vnlhere. are. t0a many, people. by Lean't hear anything you sayt noise ©) mn very busy, so I can't come out ‘things todo 44) There sa traffic jam in the ety centre. ©) My coffce is very sweet! can't drink it! sugar 1) Tean’t find room on the shelves for all my books! books 10final numbers Inal numbers er examples NG ii Explanations 1 one 11 eleven 21 pvenvone 2 wo 12 twche 22. rent, 3 the 13. thisen 30 thiy 4 four 14 fourteen 40 ory 5S five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 in 16 seen 60 ety 7 seve 17 seventeen 70. seventy 8 gt 18 eightacn 80 eighy 9 nine 19 rincen 90° nety 10 ten 20. twenty 100. efamiredone ume (= nought or zero. In telephone numbers we sy Itlike the letter “0 In football we say nll. In tennis we say love. 101 4 fuondved gd ome 200 to hundred (uodred is not plural) 300 three hundred 999 rine andre and ninety-nine 4,000 athousandone thousand 1001 a thousand and one 2.250 (oo thousand, two hundred and fifty (thousand is not plural) 999,999 nine hundred gu ninetytne thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine 1,000,000 amillion/one million 5}000,000 five milion (ions mot plural) Ist fist 9th ninth 7h. seventeenth 25th wens 2nd second 10h tenth 18th eighteenth —-268 events Sed third 10h eonth 19th worth 270 ep eveth 4h fourth —12ch twelfth 20th twenties 280 everpeight Sth fifth 13th thirtenth Dist twenty-first 29th twenty 4th sixth 14th fourtznth 22nd twenpysacond 30th thirleth ‘7h seventh 18th ffeenth 23rd twentythind 31st thirst th eighth — 16th sixteenth 24. twentyfourh Fractions and decimals w= ahalf 1a = one and ahalp 1S = one point ive = aquarer 2% = twoandaquarter 2.25 = two point two five YW = three quarters 3% = fiveand three quarters 5.75 = fve point seven five GRAMMAR 48 NUMBERS Write the words as cardinal numbers, a) ahundred and nine ) elghty-seven ©) two hundred and fifty-five 4) three hundred and thirty-two ©) two thousand and one 9 twomilion £8) two hundred thousand by) fifty one thousand, two hundred and ten Write the cardinal numbers as words. eighteen, Write the ordinal numbers as words. a 3rd woe 6) Sth by 9th D and 9 2st ® 43rd 6) 30th 1) Ist re “Underline the correct answer. | a) 296 = 1 two thousand, nine hundred and sixty 2 twohundred and ninety.six b) 5,695, = 1 five thousand, st hundred and ninety-five 2 fifty six hundred and nine and five ©) 10,000,000 1 ten hundred thousand 2. tenmillion 5.75 = 1 five point seven five 2 five comma seventy-five o% = 1 fourthirds 2. three quarters De = 1 aeneand halt 2 oneanda half ® 200,000 = 1. twohundred thousand 2 two hundred thousands mmUnderline the correct word in each sentence. 8) Arethere a/any people atthe bus stop? 'b) Sorry, Ehaven't got some/anytme to talk now. (©, Look et this shirt! Can {borrow ar/some iron? 4) Could I have some/any stamps, please? ©) Tart pay the billl Can you Tend me asome money? {) Did you buy a/Some paper? I want to read the news, Could you buy a/some bread atthe supermarket? ‘Write one word in each space. @) How.,,.MtH¢lt.,.does this cost? ») Jane has got too. luggage. ©) Sorry, we haven't got cakes left, notasingle one. @) Ifyou haven't got ve money, lean lend you some, 6) Thereare too, people in this room. I's crowded. 9) HOW vnsnn none BOOKS have you gotat home? 2) Ate there eens Cnemasin this town? choose itor arefor each space. 8) Your trousers. 1B) The mle neti your bed ©) The ROWS sonnnnne OB a 10.0. 4) Don’t worry! The pollee Coming. €) People . 9) Mytooth ) Your advice ‘Complete each sentence with much or many. 4) Tean’t come to the cinema. I've got too...Mcht... homework. ) We can't all have baths. There isn't ©) Some students don't have. <&) We can’t stop fora meal now. We haven't got. 6) Paul felt lonely. He didn't have friend. 1) Noteveryone can sit dovin, There a2@ {00 enn» BeOple. 2) Leouldn' sleep last night. There was to. /-noisein the street. hot water time. opportunities to speakin English, iti alah bi? ne ‘emamman 49 consouivation 7 ~~ Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 2) Tecan’ afford to go on holiday this year. Thaven't got ....engnght. money. to go on holiday this year. ») Paula has got ong hale Paula's hate - tong. ©) My siteases are over there. My lugsnge over there. 6) Weareshor of paper Can you bortow sone? Wehaven't got paper: Can you borrow some? © Yminanury! ah time, 1) There are very few good restaurants inthis ety ‘There aren't. «good restaurants in this ety. ‘6 Rewrite each sentence using the words in bold, Do not change the meaning. 2) Untoranaely Doi hsnegtatoottends many revnately, Davie hao. got many fiends 1) tim shor oft, ©) There isn't alot of sugar left. ‘much 4) Can you tell me about hotels in the centre? information ©) Gerry owns this furniture, 7 Correcteach sentence or question. 2) The police here is very helpful ») Can you give mean advice? 6) The news this evening were interesting. 4) The city centre was full of peoples. ) Thank you for the informations. 8) Thaven’t got time enough. ‘Think about grammarl Are the sentences true or false? 1) Countable nouns have no plural 'b) Anyis used only in questions. ©) Too much is the opposite of not enough. usfor advice rngand seing Explanations | function is language we use fora purpose. What we say depends on the: 1» place: private or public? ‘person: same age? fend? strange, etc ‘= topic: everyday (borrowing a pen) oF more important (borrowing money)? What do you think I shoul do? What would you do? 1 think you should (go tothe doctor’). [fl were you,’ Go to the doctor’). Wry don’ you (goto the doctors? What about (gong to the doctors? How about (going tothe doctors? Agreeing Tags. That right. like this flm. So do 1. dan’ ke this film. Neither dot Disagrecing Tdon’t agree. don't think so. apologizing Tim sory Sorry, it was my fault. Um very sory. Replying to apologies [Never mind. That's all right. Don't worry. fs Wesay Bxase me when we want Lo pass someone who isin the way. ‘The usual reply Is Soy. f= We say Bxcuse me at the beginning of questions to strangers. si a GRAMMAR 50 ADVICE, AGREEING/DISAGREEING, APOLOGIZING 4) Nevermind. ) Sony, ve broken this cup. »b) How about uyingalargersize? _@) If were you, I'd goto the dentist's ©) Sodol. 1}, What do you think I should do? \Wite one word n each space. 2) Tve lost your fatal 2) How a0 enn te ers ©) "This film god, it 'No, don't £9 Sony aout the mes my ©) len You Fay at home ody ) ‘Lreally love this place.’ ‘So .. vse UY B nese Yen gti 1) What's your advice? What do you think... ‘Choose the best reply (1-6) foreach sentence (2. 8) What's your advice? 41, Neither do L ) Leeally enjoy going to thebeach. 2) So dol, ©) Who broke the window? 3] Don't worry. 4) Ie were you, Pause adictionary, \ 4 think you should talkto your ©) [don't ike doing homework! ‘teacher about it. 1) Sorry, ve lost your book. 5) Lal. Sorry 6, Good idea! usHora ation and 6 Hor directions excuses goodbye gand gto gs and g about Explanations What's Georgelke? He's very fren What's Cairo like? tsa big cy. What does Tina look lke? She's tall and she's got fog ha. Where's the bus station)? nforman Excuse m, do you know the way to (the bus station)? Excuse me, could you tell me the way (othe bus station)? (ortmal) Go down this stret and tu leigh sat the end ofthis street. eon the leon the right ‘Tes eppositemnext to (he supermarke. rm sory Vm late, sorry Pm late, but (missed the bs}. Bret Bye fornow! See you tomorrow. Greeting Reply How do you do? How do you do? (forma, Hello, how are you? “Fl, thanks. And you? Gnformal) Question Reply How are you? mall ight, thanks, [Noto good. How do you fel? fee fnelreatfanf, ec GRAMMAR 51 DESCRIPTIONS, DIRECTIONS, EXCUSES, GREETINGS Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 2) Can you describe Jack? What... des Jack, look, sno ke? ») Lapologize for being late rm. vo late ©) Where's the Apollo cinema? Do you. 4) How are you today? Are you stl? How do . = ©) Do you know the way tothe city centre, please? to the Apollo cinema? today? Are you sil sl? Could : tothe city centr, pease? ©) What's your opinion of Paris? What ike? ‘Write one word in each space. 8) cn Goon GO%N this Street and tur right ») How. you do? (9) DO YoU KNOW the ronson bo the contre? @) Bye. sm YOu toMoEFON, 9 Tm.. 1 V' lte ©) What is Davia. ? ®) Hello, are you?’ ‘Fine thanks.’ 1) Could you... me the way to Green Street? 1) HOW senses FOU fee today? D Ws next the bank ‘choose the mos suitable reply (1-8) forthe questions (oh). 8) What does Sam look lke? 1. Itsopposte the hospital. ) How do youdo? 2. Fine, thanks. How ave you? ©) Where's the bus station? 3. Helaughs alot! 4) How do you feet? 4 Sony, don't. © Bye fornow! 5 He's tall and thin 9) How are you? 6 Notso good. {8) Do you know the way to Paris? 7. il see you tomorrow. bh) Whats Jim ike? 8 How do youdo? uwgtor ngand gto tons 9 for, giving fusing Explanations Do you know the time? ‘Excuse me, could you ell me the time? What does this mean, please? Have do yo Say (om i Egish? Inviting ‘Do you want to (goto the cinema)? ‘Do you fel Ike going tothe cinema)? Would you tke t0 (50 to the cinema)? Replying accepting Thanks, love to (0). (informal) (formal) (enformal) (énformal) (Gormal) refusing I'm sory but (going to apart) Im afraid I can't ‘Making an offer Can Fhelp (pou)? ‘Shall Fhelp (you)? Offering something ‘Do you want (some tea)? Would you lke (same tea)? ‘Asking iving (Can I eave cary)? Yes, ou can. Isitabrightif ‘Swe. Tha’s OK. (eave cary? ‘May feave carly)? Yes, vou nay. Doyoumindift That's fine (open the window)? Go ahead, Allright. No problem. (Gnformal) (formal) Refusing No, you cant Sorry, no. 1No, you may not. Sorry, but cal). (informa), (formal) GRAMMAR 52 ASKING FOR INFORMATION, INVITATIONS, OFFERS, 2280I15S10N Choose the best reply (1-6) for the questions (a-f). 4) What does this mean? | 'b) Would you like to play tennis tomorrow? ©) Shall help you with those books? <2) Would you like some ice-cream? : © Do you ming sft sit here? - (Could you pass me the sal, please? ‘That's very kind of you. Thanks very much ‘Thanks, but I'd rather havea drink. ‘Why don't you use the dictionary? Sure, here you are. ‘rm sony, but 'm afead I'm going tothe cinema. ‘That's fine, pease do. anbene & Rewrite each question beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 4) Lat’ go tothe clnema. How. ut. gaing. te the. 1) Would you lke a sandwich? D0 © Do you want to sit down? Would... : € Can you open the window, please? ‘Would you mind ©) Doyou want me to carry Four bag? Shall —— 1) Doyou know tne ume? could Read the answers. Write a question foreach answer a ld, you. ind, beleina. 184... ‘No, of course moult mind helping you. » Yes, ("like to go to the disco. 9 'No, I'm afald you can't leave ealy 8) sn : ‘Thank you, my books are very heavy. 8 'No, not the park. Lets go shopping instead. uneGRAMMAR 53. PREFERENCES, PROMISES, REMINDING, REQUESTING, SUGGESTING, WARMING i 1 Underline the most suitable reply. Explanations 'a) Do you want tea or coffee? a rr oe. 1 would have ie, 2 datchavetea, rahe hae than fe). ') Cou you open the door, plese? tes be home 820, tse 2 Yes teoutd open. Tow belt apt 4 6) Wl youe ate? aders ont fre toring our ditionar on Wednesday). i 1 rutbenome st 8.00. 2 come home at 600. Rementer toring your onary on Wednesiy). 5 oe i as c 3) Do you nave any kes vorenuet ene ind) Orns) q 1 Wegoto enema. 2 Lets goto the cinema ‘Would you mind (opening the window), please? (formal) ©) Shall we go to the shops? | Ingtorequess ——GanyoufColdyon.?—— Of re. Se. 1 Goodies, 2 Yes, weshat Would you mind ..2 ‘(no answer; an action is enough) 0) Would you prefer shot dog ora hamburger? ag suggestions ‘Sal we (go for a walk)? 4 1d prefer a hamburger. 2 I prefera hamburger. ets go for awa) | Why dot ne (fora wa? 2 write one word in exch space. ‘What about (going for a walk)? a) What ..Ab0HE... going for a ride on our bikes? How about (going fora walk)? 'b) Would you ‘opening the window? no eco "yout mete time, lst? Watch on! vee having pay? Tooke! ou might al Mind outl you help me carry this, please? Canepa cake to biscuits. | 2 fo tothecinema tonight 3. choose a word or phrase from the box to complete each sentence. Use each ‘word or phrase once only. open the door for me, please? oo playing fennis this afternoon? 4) Don’t worry. bbe home before 10.00. ©) ‘Can you help me?” = ). urying these books? a. we listen to my new CD? 1 have an orange than a banana, iExplanations wating Brltsh English: 2/11/02 2(nd) November 2nd Nov Monday 2nd November, 2002 Us: 411/202 November (nd) Nov 2nd Monday November 2nd 2002 Speaking British English: the second of November, 1899 November the second, 1909 us: November scond ‘Witting Speaking 1999 = nlneteerninetynine 2001 = twothousand and one Daysof the week Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday 11 sz you on Monday. Other times Future: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, next Monday ‘Past: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last Monday January, February, Marc, Api, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December ‘= Short forms Jan Feb Mar Apr Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec (Gay, June, July do not have short forms) be back in March Other times ture next mont ast last mont spring, summer, autumn, winter 1 lovely herein Spring {Fm going to Spain inthe summer ‘» Other times "Future: next ste, et Past: last winter, ete Write the words as numbers. 4) The twenty-second of October. 1) The first of anuary. i (©) The nineteenth of August ) Thefifth of june. ) The thirtieth of September 1) The fourteenth of May. |® Theeighth of March. 1) The thirteenth of November. Write the dates as words, a) 26 The. twenty first. of Tine » 198 : 7 9 28 @ 31/0 9 15/2 9 us 8) 20/8 16M. “Choose the correct word or phrase foreach space. a) Today is Monday. So Wednesday is .B. |) the day before yesterday B) the dayaftertomortow C) yesterday, 1b) Hovr do you say the year 19967, A) nineteen nine six R) ane thousand nlne hundred and ninety-six ‘© nineteen ninety six ©) What are you going to do... |A)next summer) lsstsummer C)thesummer 4) Fl talk to you again... Apyesterday B)last month © tomorrow ©) tt’ realy cold here. A)the winter B)astwinter _C) in the winter 1, Uhaven't seen James since | A)last Monday B)next Monday C) tomorrow 123,GRAMMAR 55 TIME 1 Write the times as numbers. | Explanations 8) Tentonine £50. the day Inthe maring_ in he afternoon in the evening ' A quarter past leven. | ‘trig atmiddny noon) triight 6 Twenty pas ive. ipm Inldnigh to midiay =am 1.00am midnight = 12.00 am 4 4) Aquacerto ste miday to minight =p 45pm may : ©) Twentptivepasteight wreck 1445 fourteen forp-fve 1) Fivetofie, 1815 eighteen fiten ) Tenpast eleven, esl thetime 2. White the time, Use past and to. two o'clock Other numbers ) LAL eleven minutes past one 5.4 nineteen minutes to six Digital sytem 1.10 one ten 2.15 two ifeen 3.25 thre twennysive 4.30 fourthisy 540 five forty 645 sk foryppve ‘Asking the thme | What’ the time? Ie thre o‘dock. What times it? este tocight ©) 12.00pm. @ 230 Half . ‘We cannot say: They ae sx od faerarradl ok © 830pm ——_‘Halfpastelght.. 9 256 Four. p 12.00am 12sUndestine the correct words in each sentence. 2) “Lzeally love icecream!" ‘And to0/So.do.,! 1b) “What does Tony lke/Whats Tony ike? ‘He's very friendly.” ©) Fim sorry Fm lateBxcuse me that I'm late Ws half past tre/thiey past tree. ‘9) 'msocry the window is broken. It was my blame/ny Flt If were you, Lam golng to the doctors go tothe doctor’. ) Today is 20 of Novernber/20th November. hh) "What is Edinburgh tkefow is Edinburgh ‘es an interesting city” Undertine the correct reply. 4) Isieall ght if wat here? 1 Allright, 2 Sure.thats OK 3 Yes, you are by Do you want to play basketball tonight? 1 Tmafraldrmnot. 2 Sorry, can't. 3 Twouldn'toveto. 9) How do you do? 1 Idofine. 2 Verywell, thanks. 3 How do you do? 6) Shall help you with that? 1 Yes,youwill, 2 Thanksalot. 3 Yes, youdo. © Doyoumind if eave my bike here? 1 Ofcourse, 2 Finethanks, 3 Goahe 1) Whats the the? 1 Yes itis, 2 Fiveo'clock 3 Yes, the times 1) How do you feel? | Temible! 2 Yes,do, 3 Yes, Teel, \Write one word in each space. 2) 11, BEFe....you, Pd have a rest. >) What's Helen Ps she very fiendy? ‘© Excuse me, could you tell me the 0 the police station? ) sumone FOU ike some ovange Jule? Or do you want some water? ©) ve gota good ide go tothe park and play football je forget to bring your dictionary tomorrow. 48) 344s nearly a quarter four 1) Would y0t sore Opening the window? ‘Underline the correct word(s) in each sentence. 8) Do you feel ike so/gaing to the theatre? | ) Don’t forget arrving/to arive easly tomortpw. ©) Thaven’t seen you forages. How do you do/How are you? 4) That's heavy. Do/Shall help you? ©) The film finishes has finished at midnight 1) Do you mind if open/wil open the window? 8 Loni coffe, think rather hve ets, bh) Bye for now. I se/se you later. 5 Rewrite each sentence using the words in bold. Do not change the re 2) Canyoulose the door please? would 4. mind closing dhe, dode, please Tellme about Pais ike ©) May [close the door? <) Do you want to go swimming? ©) Do you want some chocolate? 4, Levs havea party on Friday. 6 Wiite the end ofthe sentence correctly. 4) Do you know wheres the cinema? ) Let's meet thres-oclock., (©) What ithe look of your English teacher?. «) Why don't you going ia bed early? ©) ‘think you should buy ttnow. ‘Ldon't think.” 1) Could you tellingsne the way tothe city centxe? 1) How about you gato the theatre? = ‘ink about grammar! Are the sentence tr of alse? 2) The pas de Amb yi ane aay 1) Cade poe tian ea. : ee nr