03.12.

21 Warmup:
1. Where does DNA live?
2. WHere does protein synthesis
occur?

Topic: Intro to cells

 Agenda
‐ Warmup (5 minutes)
‐ Cell word cloud (3 minutes)
‐ Intro to cells notes (50 minutes)
‐ Recap (10 minutes)
‐ hW: cell theory video
Objectives
1. SWBAT state the principles of cell theory
2. SWBAT differentiate prokaryotes and eukaryotes
3. SWBAT compare animal cells and plant cells
Central Dogma
 “
What do you think of when you hear
the word “Cell”
 Cells

‐ Smallest living unit

‐ Most are microscopic
‐ Size comparison
 “
How were cells discovered?
 Discovery of cells
‐ Robert Hooke
‐ Observed sliver of cork (1665)
‐ Saw “honeycomb-like structure”
‐ Coined the term “cell”
 Cell theory: Schwann & Schleiden
‐ Matthias Schleiden -Botanist (1838)
‐ plants are made of cells
‐ Theodor Schwann - Zoologist (1839)
‐ animals are made of cells
‐ Together theorized that all living
things are made up of cells
 Cell Theory: Virchow
‐ Rudolf Virchow (1855)
‐ Observed under the microscope
cells dividing
‐ Reasoned that all cells must
come from pre-existing cells by
cell division
 cell theory
1. The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
2. All living things are made of cells
3. All cells come from other pre-existing cells
Parts of a cell
 Components in ALL Cells
‐ Plasma Membrane→ protective outer covering
‐ Cytoplasm→ A gel-like substance inside the cell to contain cell contents
‐ Organelles → Structures within the cell (Ex. Nucleus and Ribosomes)
‐ Nucleus→ “The Control Center” Regulates DNA and RNA processes
 Cell Parts and Functions
Cell Part Function

Cell Membrane A protective outer covering

Cytoplasm A gel-like substance inside the cell to contain cell contents

Nucleus Control Center→ regulates DNA and RNA processes

Mitochondria Produces energy for the cell→ “The Powerhouse”

Endoplasmic Reticulum Transportation Route for proteins

Lysosome Contains enzymes that break down materials of a cell

Ribosome Produces proteins within a cell

Golgi Apparatus Packages, labels, and ships proteins out of a cell

 Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
 Prokaryotic cells
‐ First cell type on earth
‐ Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
‐ No membrane bound nucleus
‐ Nucleoid = region of DNA
concentration
 Eukaryotic Cells
‐ Nucleus bound by membrane
‐ Include fungi, protists,
plant, and animal cells
‐ Possess many organelles Animal cell
 Prokaryotes: Eukaryotes:
1. Cell Membrane 1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm 2. Cytoplasm
3. DNA (not in 3. DNA (in
nucleus) nucleus)
4. Ribosomes 4. Ribosomes
5. No Membrane 5. Membrane
bound bound
organelles organelles
Compare and contrast
 Animal cells: Plant cells:
1. small 1. Large
2. Round/irregul 2. Rectangular
ar shape shape
3. No cell wall 3. Cell wall
4. Nucleus in 4. Nucleus on side
center 5. One large
5. Many small vacuoles
vacuoles
 “
BRAIN BREAK
Tour of the Cell
 Recap (Privately Message me)
1. Name one difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
Cells
2. Identify one thing you learned about cells today
 Homework

6.1.1 Protein Synthesis Video