KATE-JAISELLE I.

ROSALES

DRUG STUDY
GENERIC NAME: Cefuroxime MECHANISM OF ACTION: SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE
Binds to bacterial cell membranes and inhibits EFFECTS
BRAND NAME: Ceftin cell wall synthesis. Frequent:
DRUG ILLUSTRATION  candidiasis (thrush)
 mild diarrhea
 mild abdominal cramping
 vaginal candidiasis
Occasional:
 Nausea
 Fever
 joint pain
Rare:
 Allergic reaction (rash,
pruritus, urticarial)
 Thrombophlebitis (pain,
redness, swelling at injection
site)
CLASSIFICATION: Antibiotic INDICATION: Bactericidal, reducing or
eliminating infection
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
 Determine history of hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins
and penicillins.
 Question history of allergies, particularly to drugs, before therapy
is initiated.
 Lab tests: Perform culture and sensitivity tests before initiation of
therapy and periodically during therapy if indicated.
 Monitor periodically BUN and creatinine clearance.
 Inspect IV injection sites frequently for signs of phlebitis.
 Report onset of loose stools or diarrhea.
 Monitor for manifestations of hypersensitivity. Discontinue drug
and report their appearance promptly.
 Monitor input&output rates and pattern.
Patient & Family Education
 Report loose stools or diarrhea promptly.
 Report any signs or symptoms of hypersensitivity
 Doses should be evenly spaced.
 Continue antibiotic therapy for full length of treatment.
 May cause GI upset (may take with food, milk).

DOSAGE/FREQUENCY/ROUTE: CONTRAINDICATION:
IV-Intravenous  History of hypersensitivity
750 mg IV q8h for the first 24 hours then may shift to  Anaphylactic reaction to cefuroxime and
oral for 3 days cephalosporins.
Cautions:
 Severe renal impairment
 History of penicillin allergy.
 Patients with hx of colitis, GI
malabsorption, and seizures.
KATE-JAISELLE I. ROSALES

DRUG STUDY
GENERIC NAME: MECHANISM OF ACTION: SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
Tramadol hydrochloride Binds to mu-opioid receptors, inhibits reuptake of EFFECTS
BRAND NAME: Ultram norepinephrine, serotonin, inhibiting ascending and Frequent:  Record onset of relief of pain
descending pain pathways.  Dizziness  Administer prn dose as needed but not to exceed
DRUG ILLUSTRATION:
 Vertigo the recommended total daily dose.
(Mu opioid receptors (MORs) are known to mediate  Nausea  Monitor vital signs and assess for orthostatic
opioid drugs' pleasant and reinforcing effects.)  Constipation hypotension or signs of CNS depression.
 Headache  Discontinue drug and notify physician if
 Drowsiness hypersensitivity occur.
Occasional:  Assess bowel and bladder function; report urinary
 Vomiting frequency or retention.
 Pruritus  Use seizure precautions for patients who have a
 CNS stimulation (nervousness, history of seizures or who are concurrently using
anxiety, agitation, tremor, drugs that lower the seizure threshold.
euphoria, mood swings &  Monitor ambulation and take appropriate safety
hallucinations) precautions.
CLASSIFICATION: INDICATION: Management of moderate to moderately  Asthenia
Analgesic severe pain.  Diaphoresis
 Dyspepsia Patient & Family Education
 dry mouth
DOSAGE/FREQUENCY/ROUTE: CONTRAINDICATION:  diarrhea  Exercise caution with potentially hazardous
IV - intravenous  Hypersensitivity to tramadol or other opioid analgesics Rare: activities until response to drug is known.
100 mg IV every 6 hours  Patients on MAO inhibitors  Malaise  Report problems with bowel and bladder
(Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of  Vasodilation function, CNS impairment, and any other
medication used to treat depression)  Anorexia bothersome adverse effects to physician.
 Patients acutely intoxicated with alcohol, hypnotics,  Flatulence
centrally acting analgesics, opioids, or psychotropic  Rash
drugs  blurred vision
 Substance abuse  Urinary retention/frequency
 Patients on obstetric preoperative medication
 Abrupt discontinuation
 Alcohol intoxication
KATE-JAISELLE I. ROSALES

References:

EBook
Kizior, 2019. Saunders Nursing Drug Handbook. Elsevier

Websites
Cefuroxime. Retrieved from
http://www.robholland.com/Nursing/Drug_Guide/data/monographframes/C051.html

Tramadol hydrochloride. Retrieved from: http://www.robholland.com/Nursing/Drug_Guide/data/monographframes/T063.html#:~:text=Centrally%20acting%20opiate%20receptor%20agonist,less%20respiratory

%20depression%20than%20morphine.

What Are MAO Inhibitors? Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/what-are-mao inhibitors#:~:text=Monoamine%20oxidase%20inhibitors%20(MAOIs)%20are,people%20benefit%20from

%20their%20use.

Mu opioid receptors (MORs). Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-notes/2020/04/mu-opioid-receptors-in-one-brain-region-contribute-to-naloxone-aversion

Images

http://drugster.info/drug/medicament/4549/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramadol