Drilling Well Control Training Course SAPES nraier @°A, [ADC WED ie ox WELLSHARP Course Objectives: 1. To provide participants with a good understanding of drilling operations and maintenance of wells as they relate to safety, including appreciation of the interrelationship between petroleum operations and industrial activities relating to drilling and maintenance of wells; CORES To provide participants with an advanced knowledge of well control equipment, the safe operation of well control equipment and techniques; To provide participants with a good understanding in preventative well control EMM eeu ere measures, recognition of well control events, measurement of well control parameters and proper response to observations and measurements; ‘Toprovide participants with a good understanding of closingin Blowout prevention equipment to stop unwanted formation fluids in the wellbore. In the event of unwanted formations fluids entering the wellbore, then gaining understanding in using the various well control techniques in a controlled manner to regain, primary well control and dispose of the unwanted fluids safel Cee Re ce (Cnty) To provide practical hands-on training in proper well control procedures during simulated kick situations using a certified simulator; and ‘To increase risk awareness and to present risk mitigation measures.Instructor's Specific Qualifications: 1 Alll instructors are certified by IWCF/IADC for all levels of well control trainings. Instructors are come from engineering background and they possess practical field experience. 2. The course is under the supervision of more than one Instructor all of them are qualified. 3. Ahmed Samir, Khaled Mounir, Steve Copper (Bios all in one page) Course contents: 4. Core curriculum include a body of knowledge and a set of job skills that can be used to provide well control skills for, industrial operations related to drilling and maintenance of wells activities including Subsea operations; 2. Practical exercises be provided to give participants hands. ‘on experience in implementing and completing the well control techniques and procedures taught in lecture; 3.The Simulator, well facility, etc. being used provide realistic responses and scenarios that a participant would encounter in the field; 4.A minimum of two simulated well control practice exercises be provided for each participant on a properly certified [IWCF/IADC approved] simulator used for the training and assessment; and 5. Course as a minimum cover the following topics: 5.1. Well Control Math and definitions, including: 5.11. Basic Math; 5.1.2. Rounding; 5.1.3, Pressure fundamentals; 5.14, Volume Calculations (Capacities & Displacements); 5.15. Force. 5.2.Government, Industry, and Company Rules, Orders and Policies, including 5.21 IWCF, IADC, API and ISO recommended IADC WELLSHARP Practices, Standards and Bulletins pertaining to well control; 5.2.2. Bridging Documents; 5.2.3, Federal, Regional and / or local regulations where required; 5.24, Policies & Practices; 5.25, Asan Supervisor, appreciation of the interrelatronship between petroleum operations and industrial operations related to drilling and maintenance of wells; 5.2.6, Crew's Responsibility During Well Control Operations; 5.2.7. Minimum Training Requirements. 5.3, Well Planning, including 5.3.1, Formation Pressure; 5.3.2, Formation Strength; 5.3.3, Well Planning; 5.3.4, Leak Off Test (LOT); and 5.35, Formation Integrity Test (FIT). 5.4, Pressure Concepts and Calculations, including: 5.4.1. Types of pressure Calculations; 5.4.2. Pressure versus Force calculations; 5.4.3, Conversion of pressure to an equivalent mud weight; Saha Techni In Sahara Technical Institute - STI(Wer *y, 5.4.4. Volume/Height relationship and effect on pressure; 5.4. Drop in pump pressure as fluid density increases during well control operations; 5.4.6, Maximum wellbore pressure limitations; 5.4.7. Hydrostatic Pressure; 5.4.8, Formation Pressure; 5.4.9, Height of Influx; 5.4.10. Gradient of Influx; 5.4.11. Kill Mud Weight; 5.4.12. 1CP; 5.4.13. FCP; 5.4.14, Strokes / Time; 5.4.15. Pump Strokes / Pressure Relationship; and 5.4.16. Mud Weight Change / Pressure Relationship. 5.5.Gas Characteristics and Behavior, including: 55.1. Gas types; 55.2. Density, pressure/volume relationship; 55.3. Boyle's Gas Law and Accumulator Calculations: 55.4. Migration & Gas bubble migration; 5.55. Gas Expansion and migration relationships; 55.6. Solubility of gases; 55.7. Pressure/Temperature/Compressibility Effects on Fluids/Gases and phase behavior; and 55.8. Solubility in mud. 5.6. Well Control Principles, including: 5.6.1. Primary Well Control; 5.6.2. Kick Fundamentals: 5.6.2.1. Definition of a kick; vA, IADC 4 WELLSHARP 5.6.2.2. Causes of Kid > Unintentional flow or “kick” from a formation; and > Intentional flow or “kick” from a formation. 5.6.2.3. Kick Detection: » Kick indicators; > Warning signals that indicate a kick may be occurring or is about to occur; » Indications of possible increasing formation pressure; > Importance of responding to kick indicators in a timely manner; and > Distinguishing kick indicators and warning signals from other occurrences. 5.6.3. Tripping Practices; 5.6.4. Drilling Fluids: 5.6.4.1. Types of drilling fluids; 5.6.4.2. Fluid property effects on pressure losses; 5.6.4.3. Fluid density measuring techniques; 5.6.4.4, Mud properties following weight-up and dilution. 5.65. Secondary Well Control; and 5.6.6, Tertiary Well Control. 5.7, Procedures, including: 5.7.1. Set/Check Alarm limits; 5.7.2. Pre-recorded well control information; 5.7.3. Flow checks, including checks after cementing; 5.7.4. Shut 5.75. Verification of shut-in; (@): Sahara Technical Institute - STI5.7.6. Well monitoring during shut-in; 5.7.7. Response to massive or total loss of circulation; 5.7.8. Tripping; 5.7.9. Well control drills (types and frequency}; 5.7.10. Formation competency; 5.7.11 Stripping operations; and 5.7.12 Shallow gas hazards. 5.8. Well Control Equipment, including: 5.8.1. Well control related instrumentatfon; 5.8.2. BOP configuration; 5.8.3, Manifolds and piping 5.84. Valving; 5.85, Auxiliary well control equipment; 5.8.6. BOP closing unit — function and performance; 5.8.7. Testing/Completion pressure control equipment; 5.8.8, Pressure and function tests; 5.8.9, Well control equipment arrangements; 5.8.10, Minimum BOP Requirements; 5.8.11. Minimum Diverter Requirements; 5.8.12. Closing Units and Accumulator Requirements; 5.8.13, Choke and kill Manifold Requirements; 5.8.14, Other Well Control Equipment; 5.8.15, Wal Control Equipment Testing Requirements; 5.8.16, Closing and Opening Ratios; and 5.8.17. Government Regulations. 5.9. Actions Upon Taking A Kick, including: 5.9.1, Detecting a Kick; 5.9.2. Containment as Early as Possible; 5.9.3, Shut-in Procedures; 5.9.4, Hang-off Procedure; 5.95, Shut-in Period Prior to Well Kill; 5.9.6. Gas Migration / Review Gas Law; @A, 1aDc a £5 WELLSHARP 5.9.7. Volumeto Bleed to Maintain Constant BHP; 5.9.8 MASP or MAASP; and 5.9.9. MGS (Mud Gas Separator). 5.10, Preparation & Prevention, including. 5.10.1. Preparation of Equipment and Materials; 5.10.2, Well Control Drills 5.10.3, Pre Recorded Information; and 5.10.4, Kick Prevention During Operations. 5.11, Well Control/Kill Methods/Techniques, including: 5.11.1. Objectives of well control techniques; 5.11.2, Techniques for controlling or killing a producing well; 5.11.3, Preparing for well entry; 5.11.4, No returns pumping technique (e.g. Bullheading); 5.115. Volumetric method/ technique and lubricate & bleed; 5.11.6, Constant bottomhole pressure (BHP) methods (forward or reverse circulation}; 5.11.7. Example steps for maintaining constant. bottomhole pressure well control; 5.11.8, Driller’s Method; 5.11.9, Wait and Weight Method; 5.11.10. Stripping; 5.11.11. Preparation of Well control kill worksheet; 5.11.12. Well control procedures; and 5.11.13, Other well control methods. 5.12, Well Control Complications and Solutions, including: 5.12.1. Complications: 5.12.1.1. Trapped pressure; 5.12.1.2. Pressure on casing: 5.12.1.3. Underground flow; (@) Sahara Technical Institute- ST! Sahara Technical Institute5.12.1.4. Cannot circulate well (ie. plugged workstring, etc); 5.12.15. Hydrates; and 5.12.1.6. Lost circulation 5.13. Specific Environments, including: 5.13.1, Deviated / Horizontal Well Control 5.13.2. Shallow Gas / Diverting Procedures; 5.13.3. Hydrogen Sulphide; 5.13.4. HP/HT (High Pressure / High Temperature); v. Lost Circulation; 5.135. Underbalanced Drilling; 5.13.6. Slim Hole; and 5.13.7. Government Regulations. 5.14, Subsea Operations, including: 5.14.1. Subsea Well Control, including: 5.14.11. Subsea equipment; 5.14.1.2 Diverter system; 5.14.13. Kick detection issues; 5.14.14. Procedures; 5.14.15. Compensating for hydrostatic head changes in choke lines; 5.14.6. Choke Line Friction Loss; 5.14.17. Gas in Choke Line / Riser; 5.14.18. Riser Margin; 5.14.19. Hydrates; 5.14.1.10. Trapped Gas / Removal; 5.14.1.11 Deepwater Well Control; and 5.14.1.12, Government Regulations. 5.14.2. Shut-In for Subsea and Deepwater Wells: 5.14.2.1. Shut-in for subsea wells. 5.14.3. Subsea and Deepwater Well Kill Considerations, including: 5.14.3.1. Constant bottom hole pressure sca @°7Ay IADC iP WELLSHARP pire methods; 5.14.3.2, Bullheading 5.14.3.3. Number of choke and kill ines; 5.14.34. Volumetric method; and 5.14.35, Dynamic lubrication methods, 5.14.4, Subsea and Deepwater Well Control — Shallow Flow(s), including: 5.14.4.1. Shallow flow(s) prior to BOP installation; 5.14.4.2 Shallow flow detection; 5.14.4. Shallow flow prevention technique, procedures and practices; 5.14.44, Shallow flow well control methods. 5.14.5, Subsea and Deepwater Well Control Kick Prevention and Detection, including: 5,145.1. Kick Prevention & Detection; and 5,145.2. Riser gas considerations. 5.15, Subsea & Deepwater Well Control—_BOP Arrangements, including: 5.15.1. Subsea BOP Stack; 5.15.2. Choke manifold system; 5.15.3, Subsea control systems; and 5.15.4, Diverter System — Floating Unit. 5.16, Subsea & Deepwater Well Control — Riser System, including: 5.16.1. Riser considerations; 5.16.2, Boost lines; and 5.16.3. Fillup valves (dump valve). 5.17. Subsea and Deepwater Well Control - ROV Interventions, including: 5.17.1. Minimum subsea BOP/ROV intervention functions; and 5.17.2. Common BOP override functions. Sahara Technical Institute- STI5.18, Subsea and Deepwater Well Control — Drilling Fluids, including 5.18.1. Subsea drilling fluid considerations; and 5.18.2. Fluid storage. 5.19. Subsea and Deepwater Well Emergency Disconnect, including: 5.19.1. DP emergency disconnect considerations. 6. Special Situations, including: 6.1. Hydrogen sulfide (H25); 6.2. Horizontal well control considerations; 6.3. Off bottom kills; 6.4. Underground blowouts; Course Outline: 6.5. Combination thief and kick zones; 6.6. False kick indicators 6.7. Pipe reciprocation during well kill (biaxial loading}; 6.8. Underbalanced drilling; 6.9. Slim-hole well control considerations; 6.10, Coiled tubing 6.11, Snubbing 6.12, New well control technology and equipment; 6.13, High pressure/high temperature considerations; 6.14, Tapered string/tapered hole, 6.15, Wellhead component failure points, 6.16, Shut-in and circulating kick tolerance; 6.17. Small tubing unit; and 6.18. Wireline. Subject Area tecture Exercises 1, Introduction to drilling and Well Control Mathematics 1.0 Operations ‘2. Government, industry, and Company Rules, Orders and Policies, including as an Supervisor, appreciation of interrelationship between Petroleum operations and 1.5 industrial operations related to drilling and maintenance of wells 3. Well Planning 1.0 4, Pressure Concepts and Calculations 15 5. Gas Characteristics and Behavior 10 6. Well Control Principles, including maintenance of wells 2.0 7. Procedures 125 8, Simulator Exercises a 3.0 ‘9. Well Control Equipment 2.0 10. Actions Upon Taking A Kick 15 1, Preparation & Prevention 15 12. Well Control/Kill Techniques 2.0 13. Simulator Exercises a 3.0 ‘14, Well Control Complications 1.25 115. Specific Environments 1.0 16. Subsea Operations 3.0 17. Simulator Exercises - 3.0 18, Situations Special 1.0 19. Case Studies 10 20. Simulator Exercises - 21, Written Exam, 20 22. Simulator Exam. - 25 Sub Total 25.5 14.5 Total 40.0 hours (EY wri aT, ADC WEF me 8 WELLSHARP iz Sahara Technical Insttute- STITN iE Course Goals & Learning Objectives 41. Introduction: LL Performance Objective: Students will understand the purpose & the objectives of the course and course procedures 1.2. Students will demonstrate understanding of the following: 2. Knowledge of the Government, Industry, and Company Rules, Orders and Policies, including: 2.1.Knowledge of IWCF, IADC, API and ISO Practices, 2.2.Standards and Bulletins pertaining to well control; 2.3.Recognize Bridging Documents: 2.4. (a) Describe how bridging documents can resolve differences between operator and contractor well control policies (e.g., shallow gas and diverter operations). 2.5.Recognize Federal, Regional and /or local regulations where required; 2.6. Knowledge of Polices & Practices; 2.7. As an Supervisor, recognize the importance of interrelationship between petroleum operations and industrial operations related to driling & maintenance of wells; and 2.8. Recognize Crew's Responsibility During Well Control Operations 3. Demonstrate the knowledge and skills of Well Planning, including: 3.1. Formation Pressure; 3.2. Formation Strength; 3.3. Well Planning, 3.4. Leak Off Test (LOT); and KD ere ay IADC WED ia 9 WELLSHARP 3.5.Formation Integrity Test (FIT). 4, Demonstrate the understanding of pressure concepts and caleulatfons, including: 4.1. Types of pressure, including: 4.1.1, U-tube concept and hydrostatic column; 4.1.2. Define Pressure gradient; 4.1.3. Define Formation gradient; 4.1.4, Define and calculate Hydrostatic pressure; 4.15. Define and calculate Bottomhole pressure; 4.1.6, Differential pressure; 4.1.7. Define Surface pressure and describe its effect on downhole pressures; 4.1.8. Explain System pressure losses (circulating friction pressure losses); 4.1.9, Estimate system pressure losses due to pump speed and/or fluid density changes; 4.1.10, “Trapped” pressure; 4.1.11. Casing shoe pressure; 4.1.12. Surge and swab pressures; 4.1.13, Explain causes and effects of surge pressures on wellbore; 4.1.14, Calculate Hydrostatic pressure change due to loss of fluid levels and/or fluids with different mud densitres (e.g, pills slugs, washes, spacers, etc.); 4.1.15. Static and dynamic calculation of bottomhole pressure; and 4.1.16, Fracture pressure (leak-off pressure) as defined by API RP 59; 4.2, Knowledge of the Types of pressure Calculations; 4,3, Ability to perform the calculations, including: 4.3.1. Volume of tanks and pits; iz Sahara Technical Insttute- STI4.3.2. Volume of a cylinder as related to pump output; 4.3.3, Displacement of open and closed pipe; 4.3.4, Annular capacity per unit length; 4.35, Annular volume; 4.3.6. Hydrostatic pressure 4.3.7. Fracture pressure (as defined by API RP 59}; 4.3.8. Formation pressure; 4.3.9. Conversion from pressure to equivalent fluid density; 4.3.10. Kill mud weight; 4.3.11, Circulation time; 4.3.12. Bottoms up time for normal drilling; 4.3.13, Total circulating time, including surface equipment; 4.3.14, Surface-to-bit time; 4.3.15. Bitto-shoe time; 4.3.16, Bottoms up strokes; 4.3.17, Surface-to-bit strokes; 4.3.18, Bit-to-shoe strokes; 4.3.19, Total circulating strokes, including surface equipment; 4.3.20. Pump output (look up from chart values only); 4.3.21. Equivalent circulating density based on annular pressure; 4.3.22. Relationship between pump pressure and pump speed; 4.3.23, Relationship between pump pressure and mud density; 4.3.24. Maximum allowable annulus surface pressure; 4.3.3. Effect of water depth on formation strength calculation; 4.3.26. Gas laws PV=K; (ES were A, IADC WEF ice 9% WELLSHARP 4.3.27. Weighting material required to increase density per volume; 4.3.28, Volume increase due to increase in density; 4.3.29. Volume to be bled off, corresponding to pressure increase (volumetric method); 4.3.30. Initial circulating pressure; 4.3.31. Final circulating pressure; 4.3.32, Riser volume and fluid required to displace; 4.3.33, Choke and kill line volumes; 4.3.34. Choke and kill line strokes; 4.3.35. Choke and kill line circulatron time; and 4.3.36, Pressure drop per step 4.4, Understanding of Pressure versus Force calculations; 4.5. Understanding of Conversion of pressure to an equivalent mud weight: 45.1. Required mud weight: 45.1.1. Fluid density increase required to balance formation pressure; 4.5.2. Equivalent circulating density (ECD), includin, 45.2.1. ECD loss during flow check while drilling; and 45.2.2. No ECD loss during tripping flow check, 4.5.3. Calculate fluid density increase required to balance formation pressure; 45.4. Calculate the effect of circulating friction pressure losses on surface and downhole pressures, including: 45.4.1, Volume/Height relationship and effect on pressure; 45.4.2. Calculate height of a given volume of fluid 45.4.3. Drop in pump pressure as fluid density increases during well control operations; Sahara Technical Institute4.5.4.4, Describe why pump pressure drops as fluid density increases during a constant bottomhole pressure method; and 4.5.45. Maximum wellbore pressure limitatvons: » Surface (e.g, wellhead, BOP, casing); > Subsurface (e.g, perforations, casing shoe, open hole formation); and > Describe the consequences of exceeding maximum — wellbore pressure limitations. Hydrostatic Pressure; Formation Pressure; 45.4.8. Height of Influx; 45.4.9. Gradient of Influx; 45.4.10. Kill Mud Weight; 454.11 ICP; 454.12. FCP; 4.5.4.13.Strokes / Time; 454.14. Pump — Strokes / Relatronship; and 45.4.15.Mud Weight Change / Pressure Relatronship, 5. The knowledge of Gas Characteristics and Behavior, including: 5.1. Recognize Gas types, including: 5.11. Hydrocarbon; 5.1.2. Toxi¢; 5.1.3.H25; and iv. C02. 5.2. Knowledge of Density, including: 5.2.1, Gas; 5.2.2. Gas and mud mixtures; 454.6, 4547, Pressure aA, IADC or WELLSHARP 5.2.3, Recognize the relatively low density of gas and its effect on the hydrostatic column; 5.2.4. Describe how the presence of gas affects; wellbore pressure; 5.25. Explain the effect of gas cutting on bottomhole pressure and theuse of pit level monitoringto recognize hydrostatic loss; and 5.2.6. Describe the conditions where gas cutting may have little effect on hydrostatic head and bottomhole pressure. 5.3, Knowledge of Pressure/volume relationship: 5.4, State Boyle's Gas Law and Knowledge of Accumulator Calculations: 5.5. Knowledge of Migration & Gas bubble migration, including: 5.5.1. Ifthe well is left shut-in while gas is migrating; 5.5.2. Ifthe wells allowed to remain open with no control; 5.5.3. If bottomhole pressure is controlled; and 5.5.4. Explain the consequences of gas migration. 5.6. Knowledge of Gas Expansion and migration relationships, including: 5.6.1. While in well; 5.6.2. Through surface equipment; 5.6.3. Explain the relationship between pressure and volume of gas in the wellbore; 5.6.4. Explain why a gas kick must expand as itis circulated out in order to keep bottomhole pressure constant; and 5.65. Explain the consequences of gas moving through the choke from a high pressure area to alow pressure area 5.7. Knowledge of Pressure/Temperature/Compressibility sffects on Fluids/Gases and phase behavior, including: ‘Sahara ‘Technical Institu Sahara Technical Institute STI5.7.1. Hydrocarbon gas can enter the well in either liquid or gaseous form, depending on its pressure and temperature; 5.7.2. Hydrocarbon gas entering as a liquid may not migrate or expand until itis circulated up the wellbore; 5.7.3. Liquids can move down the annulus and come up the drillstring; and 5.74. Describe how hydrocarbon gas may not migrate and the consequences for well control 3. Knowledge of Solubility of gases and solubility in ‘mud, \including: 5.8.1. Combinatrons of gas and liquid in which solubility issues may appl 5.8.11, H25 and water; 5.81.2, CO2and water; 5.8.1.3. 25 and OBM; and 5.8.14, Methane and OBM. 5.8.2. CO2 and OBM; 5.8.3. Gases dissolved in mud behave like liquids; 5.84, Identify combinations of gas and liquid which ‘may result in solubility issues (H2S and water, C02 and water, H25 and OBM, methane and ‘0BM, CO2 and OBM); 5.85, Describe the difficulty of detecting kicks with soluble gases while drilling and/or tripping; 5.8.6. Describe how dissolved gas affects wellbore pressures when it comes out of solution; and 5.8.7, Describe the sequential consequences of gas evolving from the mud system. 6. Demonstrate the knowledge of Well Control Principles, including: 6.1. Primary Well Control; 6.2. Kick Fundamentals: 6.2.1. Definition of a kick, including: 6.2.1.1. Ability to define two types of kick: unintentfonal and intentional. (2d ren ws ADC NYE ta Mga WELLSHARP 6.2.2. Recognize Causes of Kicks, including: 6.2.2.1. A. Unintentional flow or “kick” from a formation; » Failure to keep hole full; > Swabbing effect of pulling pipe: + Hole and pipe geometry; + Well depth; + Mud rheology; + Hole conditvons and + formation problems; + Pipe pulling and running + speed; and + BHA configuration; Loss of circulatron; nsufficient density of drilling fluid, brines, cement, etc.; Abnormally pressured formation; Lowering pipe too rapidly into hole (surge); > Annular gas flow after cementing; > Identify causes of unintentional kicks; > Describe the piston effect (suction and how increased drag may be associated with swab}; > Describethe effect ofthe items at left on surge and swab pressures; and > Describe how fluid density can be unintentionally reduced, ie, barite ejected by centrifuge, dilutvon, cement settling, temperature effects on fluids, settling of mud weighting materials, etc ) Sahara Technical Institute - STI ‘Sahara ‘Technical Instituteee J) Wternational vA, | mee Oy WELLSHARP r/ Sahara Institute Zahraa adh Industrial Area, STH Sahara Technical Institute ST cairo,