BEARING CAPACITY OF A SHALLOW FOOTING

THEORETICAL BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS US

Muni Budhu (1) "Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures" and (2) "Foundations and Earth Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2008 SI
Select units SI Direct shear
Parameter Value Units Warning: 0 Triaxial
1. Soil Properties
Undrained Shear strength, su 55 kPa Help Davis and Booker expressions are the default for Ng Direct simple shear
Select test used to obtain f'p Direct shear FINAL RESULTS Table of Computed Bearing Capacity Factors - short side failure Contribution to Caquot and Kerisel Meyerhof Correlation e.g. SPT
Angle of friction, fp 0 � LONG SIDE FAILURE Basic Rigidity Shape Inclination Base Tilt Ground Slope Embedment Groundwater Bearing Capacity 9.8
Design angle of friction, fp 0 � Ultimate bearing capacity, qult 376 kPa N r s i b g d w
Relative density 0 Net bearing capacity, qu 339 kPa q 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0 kPa
Shear modulus, G 44000 kPa Computed Factor of Safety, FS 3.0 0.00
Bulk unit weight, gb 18.5 kN/m^3 N qvalue 1.0 c 5.14 1.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 339 kPa
Saturated unit weight, gs 18.5 kN/m^3 g 0.00 1.00 0.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0 kPa 0 0
2. Proposed Footing Geometry Ng values 339 kPa 0 0
Depth of embedment,
Embedment depth, Df Df 2 m Davis and Booker 0.0
Footing thickness, t 0.3 m Caquot and Kerisel (Vesic) 0.0 Table of Computed Bearing Capacity Factors - long side failure Contribution to

Footing length, L, or "d", or "s" or "st" s m Meyerhof 0.0 Basic Rigidity Shape Inclination Base Tilt Ground Slope Embedment Groundwater Bearing Capacity
Footing width, B 2.400 m N r s i b g d w
Smooth (s) or rough (r) r SEISMIC - SHORT SIDE q 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0 kPa
3. Loading Conditions Utimate bearing capacity, quE 26 kPa
Applied load,
Vertical Vertical
Vn Load, P 750 kN Computed Factor of Safety, FS 0.2 c 5.14 1.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 339 kPa
HB 0 kN Critical acceleration, kh* 0.000 g 0.00 1.00 0.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0 kPa
MB 0 kN.m Would seismic settlement occur? YES 339 kPa
eL 0.000 m Seismic
HL 0 kN q 0.70 26 kPa
ML 0 kN.m g 0.00 0 kPa
eB 0.000 m 26 kPa
Depth to Groundwater Table, Dw 0 m
Inclination of load to vertical, w 0.0 �
Load inclined along length,L, or width,B B
Inclination of load to longitudinal axis, q 0 �
Base tilt, h 0 �
Ground Slope, b 0 � Find saturated unit weight from g and S longitudial
longitudial axis
axis
Unit weight of concrete, gc 25 1 Gs 2.7
4. Seismic Acc. factors g 18.5 kN/m^3
Horiz. Accl. Coeff. kh 0.1 S 0.7 P
Vertical accl. Coef.kv 0.02 e 0.68
Friction angle 0 � gsat 19.7 kN/m^3
5. Target Factor of Safety 3 -
3 Find unit weight from w% and S +b
Computed Factor of Safety - short side, F 3.01 - Gs 2.7
Computed Factor of Safety - long side, F 3.01 Water content 15 % LL
Calculated Quantities S 1
Hcrit 1.70 m e 0.41
Volume of concrete in footing 1.7 m^3 gsat 21.7 kN/m^3
==> Weight of footing, W 43.2 kN minor
minor axis
axis
Weight of equivalent soil 32.0 kN
Initial effective overburden pressure 17.4 kPa <==at base of footing (total stress)
Initial total overburden pressure 37.0 kPa <==at B/2 below base of footing (total stress) B
B
Representative stress level, qr 59.2 kPa
Rigidity index, Ir 800.0 -
longitudinal axis
Critical rigidity index, Irc 8.6 - Find unit weight from e and S
Vertical component of load, N 750.0 kN Gs 2.7 P
Horizontal component of load, T 0.0 kN e 0.57
Power for inclination factor, nB 1.500 - S 1
Power for inclination factor, nL 1.500 - g 20.4 kN/m^3
Power for inclination factor, nq 1.500 - gsat 20.4 kN/m^3
Inclination n value to use 1.500

Ultimate net load, Qun 1954.0 kN

Max vertical stress-short side 130.2 kPa
D
Dff
Max vertical stress-longside 130.2 kPa
Friction angle 0.000 rad
Inclination of load to vertical, b 0 rad
0 rad B
B
Inclination of load to longitudinal axis, q
Base tilt, a 0 rad
Ground Slope, w 0 rad
Effective width,B' 2.40 m
Effective length,L' 2.40 m
Seismic
Critical acceleration
friction angle (rad) 0.000
q (rad) 0.102
d (rad) 0.000
a (rad) -0.102
aAE 0.732
tan(aAE) 0.899
Initial fluidization, kh* 0.000

514626045.xls:Homogeneous soil Page 1 03/16/2021:19:10:36

 FOS

1.65322917

Page 2
Muni Budhu "Foundation Engineering and Retaining structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2006
Combined Loading
Parameter Value Unit
Select units SI Help
1.Footing Geometry
Footing Shape c
Footing width B 6 m
Footing length L c m
Footing depth D 1 m
2.Loading Conditions
Factored vertical load, Vn 1800 kN
Factored moment M 300 kN.m
Factored horizontal load,T 100 kN
3.Soil Properties
Shear Modulus of the soil G 26000 kPa
Undrained Shear strength , su 65 kPa
4.Calculated Values
Maximum vertical load, Vu 10476 kN
Maximum horizontal load, Tu 1305 kN
Maximum moment Mu 8822 kN.m
f value -0.96887061 Safe foundation dimension

2
V   M  T
f  n   
 1  1
 Vu  
 Mu  Tu
ns, NY, 2006

Sign convention for the load arrangements on the Foundation

+M

+H

+V

2 2 3
V   M  T.M   T 
 n   
 1  1 
    1  0
 Vu   
 Mu  Tu M u   Tu 
SI
US
 BEARING CAPACITY OF A SHALLOW FOOTING

Muni Budhu "Foundation Engineering and Retaining structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2006
BEARING CAPACITY OF A STRIP FOOTING ON SAND OVERLYING CLAY SI
For Strip Footing
HELP US
Select units SI Circular
 H   K p sin  p'     H   H 
Quantity Value Units B q u  1  tan    5.14su   Df     Df    Df 1  tan   Strip
 B   cos p' cos   B   B 
1. Soil Properties  
Undrained shear strength, su 70 kPa
footing sand: , p  m1  m 2  1  sin 2 p    1 H  
Sand - Friction angle, f'p 30 deg gDf D   tan 1   m1  5.14s u 1   p 
Sand - unit weight, g 16 kN/m^3  m 2 cos p sin p  1   c B c 
(gDf+ z)Kp  
Sand - surcharge pressure at footing
z D f 5.14s u Df
level
Sand layer thickness, H
0 kPa
1m w H m2 
m1   m1 
2
 cos 2  m 1 
2
1  p 
B
c 
B
p 
B

2. Footing Properties cos 2 

p

Select footing type Circular

Width or diameter( B) 30.0 m K p  1  sin   / 1  sin  
Applied footing load 102676 kN clay: su
3. Target Factor of Safety 3
For Circular Footing
Computed Factor of Safety 3.21
-
 H 
2  4K p sin  '
  
tan     {D f  H}    p
Calculated Quantities q u  1  2 6.17s u  
 B   cos p' cos  
 
Ultimate bearing capacity 466.1 kPa H  H   H 
2
H  
2

 H tan  
2
Ultimate load per unit length 13983.2 kN/m    Df     D f tan       
Applied footing pressure 145.3 kPa  B 
 2   B  3  B  
H   H 
2
H 
 4   tan 2   6 tan   3 
3 
  B  B 


Don't alter cells below here

Calculations
Sand over clay - Okamura et al
B H su g D f f Nc lc lp m1 m2 w Kp qu
30.000 1 70 16 0 30 5.1415927 0.7498156 0 375.91149 250.61032 0.5196085 3 466.1
29.771373 deg

514626045.xls:Sand over clay Page 7 03/16/2021:19:10:37

 BEARING CAPACITY OF A SHALLOW FOOTING

Muni Budhu "Foundation Engineering and Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2006
BEARING CAPACITY OF TWO LAYERED FINE-GRAINED SOIL SI
Top layer stiffer than bottom layer Help US
Select units US Equivalent circular foundation for rectangles Strip
Quantity Value Units B 1.4 ft Circular
1. Soil Properties
Top Clay - undrained shear strength, (su)1 70 psf L 1.4 ft
Bottom Clay - undrained shear strength, (su)2 24 psf Diameter 1.58 ft
Top layer thickness, H 5 ft
2. Footing Properties
Select footing type Strip
B
Width, B or diameter 30.000 ft
Applied footing load 102676 lb/ft
3. Calculated parameters
Calculated Quantities Stiff
Stiff layer
layer
Strength ratio (bottom/top) 0.34285714 s1 H
Thickness ratio (Htop/B) 0.17
Ultimate bearing capacity 4225.8 psf
Applied stress 3422.5 lb/ft
Factor of safety 1.2
s2

514626045.xls:Two layers of clay Page 8 03/16/2021:19:10:37

 BEARING CAPACITY OF A SHALLOW FOOTING

Muni Budhu "Foundation Engineering and Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2006
BEARING CAPACITY OF A STRIP OR CIRCULAR FOOTING ON NON-HOMOGENEOUS CLAY SI
Help F US
Select units SI Case 1 Case 2 Strip
Select case Case 1 mB/(su)o rough smooth rough smooth 2 Circular
Quantity Value Units 0 1 1 1 1 Case 1
1. Soil Properties 1 1.2 1.1 0.96 0.96 Case 2
(su)o su
Undrained shear strength at surface 20 kPa 2 1.35 1.166 0.93 0.928 1.8

Increase of undrained shear strenght with depth 4 kPa/m 3 1.42 1.22 0.95 0.891
2. Footing Properties - 4 1.485 1.28 0.975 0.86
Select footing shape Circular 5 1.55 1.32 1 0.85 1.6
z
Width (strip) or diameter (circular), B 1.000 m 6 1.58 1.35 1.02 0.847
(su)o + mz
Smooth (s) or rough (r) footing r- 8 1.634 1.39 1.05 0.85

F
3. Loading 10 1.68 1.413 1.08 0.86 1.4 Case 1
Applied footing load per unit length (strip) or applied stress (su)o
(circular) 20 kN/m or kPa 12 1.706 1.42 1.11 0.866 su
4. Target Factor of Safety 3- 14 1.732 1.43 1.113 0.875 1.2
16 1.75 1.44 1.114 0.881
Computed Factor of Safety 6.05 - 18 1.77 1.44 1.116 0.89
Calculated Quantities 20 1.78 1.44 1.118 0.9 1 mz
z
Non-homogeneity factor, mB/(su)o 0.20 - (su)o
su (su)o Case 2
- su 0.8
0 5 10 15 20 25
Enter modifying factor F from graph 1-
Ultimate bearing capacity 121 kPa Stiff
Stiff crust
crust
Ultimate load per unit length (strip) or ultimate load (circular) 0.78539816 kN/m or kN
Applied footing pressure 20 kPa
mz
(su)o+mz
Z

Case 1 Case 2

Undrained shear strength Clay

Clay with
with aa stiff
stiff crust
crust followed
followed by
by a linear
linear
varies variation of
of undrained
undrained shear
shear strength
strength
linearly with depth. with
with depth.
depth.

514626045.xls:clay with linear strength Page 9 03/16/2021:19:10:37

Muni Budhu "Foundation Engineering and Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2006
ELASTIC AND CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT
Total settlement 78.4 mm Help
Select units SI
Elastic Settlement
Quantity
Soil Properties Inputs Units
Allowable Vertical Load Qa 102676 kN
Elastic Modulus Eu 60000 kPa
Poisson's ratio, ‫ע‬u 0.45

Foundation Factors
Shape factor, µs 0.49
Neglect embedment factor YES
Neglect side wall factor YES
Embedment Factor, µemb 1.00
Side wall Factor, µwall 1.00

Foundation Parameters
Footing type Circular
Length of circumscribed rectangle, L1 30 m
Width of circumscribed rectangle, B1 30 m
Embedment Depth, Df 0 m
Footing thickness 0.3 m
Perimeter of Footing 94.3 m

Outputs
Actual area of Base, Ab 900 m^2
Actual area of wall in contact with embedded portion of wall, Aw 28.29 m^2
Elastic Settlement, re 44.9 mm
Primary Consolidation Settlement Calculation
Help
Inputs Units
Soil Parameters
Preconsolidation Stress, s'zc 2677.5 kPa
Current Vertical Effective Stress, s'zo 427.4 kPa
Current Void Ratio, eo 0.57
Applied Vertical Stress Increase, Δsz 26.3 kPa
Thickness of Soil Layer, Ho 58 m
Compression index, Cc 0.16
Recompression index, Cr 0.035

Results Outputs Units

Final Vertical Effective Stress, s'fin 453.7 kPa
Overconsolidation Ratio, OCR 6.3
Primary Consolidation Settlement, rpc 33.5 mm
y & Sons, NY, 2006

2Q a
e 
EL1
 1   u2  s emb wall

L1

B1

Equations
SI
US
1000
YES
NO
Circular
Non-circular
BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION USING SPT DATA
Muni Budhu "Foundation Engineering and Earth Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007 Yes
Select units SI No
Eq. 7.62a/FS Eq. 7.69 Help SI
qa 645 1589 kPa US
ra 25 mm Cw1 0.5 9.8
Width of footing 2.25 m Cw2 0.5
Depth of footing 0.5 m fs 1.00 Standard
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Length of footing 2.25 m Ic 0.023 0 US without liners
Groundwater 0 m z1 4.50 m 0.2
FS 3 Ho 1 m
0.4

Depth
Variation in N 1 f1 0.40
Consider groundwater Yes CS 1 0.6
Relative density, Dr 70 Depth/width 0.22 0.8
kPa
1
Sampler Standard
Borehole size,CB 1 1.2 N
N
Equipment, CE 0.8 1.4 corrected
Rod length from surface to anvil 1 m N value
1.6
Is soil above base weaker than below it? No
Correct fully to N1,60 No
Depth Unit weight Rod length Vertical Porewater Vertical Cn Cn N N1,60
correction stress pressure effective stress Calc. use
m kN/m3 CR kPa kPa kPa
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.5 12 1 18 14.7 5 2.3 2.0 22 44

Avg 22 44
STD #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Muni Budhu "Soil Mechanics and Foundations", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENTOF SHALLOW FOOTINGS USING CPT DATA 1
2
Condition 1 Axisymmetric HELP
Settlement -465.4 mm Influence factor
Bearing capacity 7.2 MPa

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
q 431 kPa cD 0.98 0
Df 1 m ct 1.20
D 2 m 2

g 17 kN/m3

z/B
4
s net or qnet 397 kPa
B 0.6 m 6 Axisym
metric
L 0.6 m
8 plane
Icp 0.818644829 strain

t 1 yr 10

Layer z Dz z/B Ico qc (Ico/qc)Dz qcDz

12
m m m MPa MPa.m
0
1 0.60 0.60 1.00 0.55 8.80 0.037 5.28
2 4.30 3.70 7.17 -2.82 6.50 -1.605 24.05
3 6.00 1.70 10.00 -4.37 8.00 -0.928 13.60

Sum 6.00 Sum -2.496 42.93

Bearing capacity from SPT Help
ra 25 mm Dead load 55
Finished grade elevation 780 m Live load 175
Elevation of base of footing 778.5 m Moment 40.00
Depth of footing 1.5 m Total load 230.00
Width of footing 1.05 m e 0.17
Length of footing 1.05 m smax 416
Groundwater 100 m
FS 3.12

Vertical
Elevation Thickness Unit weight effective stress CN
mm kN/m3 kPa use
781.5 0 0 0.0 0
778.6 2.9 18 52.2 1.4
777.7 0.89 20 70.0 1.2
kN
kN
kN.m
kN
no tension

N N1 qu
kPa
0 0 0
16 22 728
33 39 1298
Muni Budhu "Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
Calculate load combinations for LRFD: IBC(2006)
Select units US Moment
Deal load 67.02 kips 66.2 lb.ft
Live load 0 kips 0 lb.ft
Wind load 0 kips 0 lb.ft
Rain load 0 kips 0 lb.ft
Snow load 0 kips 0 lb.ft
Earthquake lo 0 kips 0 lb.ft
Roof load 0 kips 0 lb.ft
Temperature 0 kips 0 lb.ft
Horizontal loa 27 kips -27 lb.ft
Fluid load 0 kips 0 lb.ft
Public assembNO YES =public assembly
Roof configuraNO YES = do not shed snow
f1 0.5
f2 0.5
LOAD CASE Vertical Fluid Horizontal Temperature Rain,snow, roof
I 93.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kips
II 80.4 0.0 43.2 0.0 0.0 kips
III 80.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kips
IV 80.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kips
V 80.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kips
VI 60.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kips

ASD

LOAD CASE Vertical Fluid Horizontal Temperature Rain,snow, roof

I 67.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kN
II 67.0 0.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 kN
III 67.0 0.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 kN
IV 67.0 0.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 kN
V 67.0 0.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 kN
VI 67.0 0.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 kN
VII 40.2 0.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 kN
VIII 40.2 0.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 kN
Moment
92.7 lb.ft
36.2 lb.ft
79.4 lb.ft
79.4 lb.ft
79.4 lb.ft
59.6 lb.ft

Moment
66.2 kN.m
39.2 kN.m
39.2 kN.m
39.2 kN.m
39.2 kN.m
39.2 kN.m
12.7 kN.m
12.7 kN.m
US
SI
YES
NO
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