Laboratory Exercise No.

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Standard Instrumentation Symbols and Identification in a Simplified Control Design Drawings

1. Objective:
The activity aims to understand the basic concepts of drawings in process control.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
2.1 Draw simple visual representation of process designs and automation approaches.
2.2 Enumerate several typical levels of drawings in process control.
2.3 To use abbreviation of a few letters to identify the type of measurement and calculations performed
using measured values
2.4 To sketch the process in simple manner
2.5 Understand the process drawing with instrumentation
2.6 Identify and graphically depict measurement and control equipment and systems.
2.7 Use graphic symbols to construct instrumentation schematic diagrams of the instruments, devices,
and functions required for monitoring and control loops.

3. Discussion:

The design of control systems is a specific example of engineering design. The goal of control
engineering design is to obtain the configuration, specifications, and identification of the key parameters of
a proposed system to meet an actual need.
Modern control design aims not only to stabilize processes in normal operating conditions, but also to
control them successfully in abnormal situations.
A control drawing is a type of technical drawing used to fully and clearly define requirements for
engineered items that details the allowed interconnections between the intrinsically safe and associated
apparatus provided by the manufacturer. The Control Drawing presents the functions and performance
requirements for the acquisition of commercial items and vendor-developed items from specialized
segments of industry without disclosing details of designs.
ANSI standard establishes a uniform means of depicting and identifying instruments or devices and
their inherent functions, instrumentation systems and functions, and application software functions used for
measurement, monitoring, and control, by presenting a designation system that includes identification
schemes and graphic symbols.

4. Resources:
American National Standards Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
Control System Identification: Applying Symbols and Identification
5. Procedure:
1. Define the different terminologies in Process Control. Use Table 1 for the different terms.
2. Abbreviations of a few letters are used to identify the measurement types and calculations
performed using measured values. Each abbreviation is located in a circle or "bubble," which
indicates the location of the sensor in the process. The abbreviations usually consist of two to three
letters, with the first letter indicating the variable type and the subsequent letter(s) giving some
information about the function performed. Complete the table of some common abbreviations. Use
Table 2.
3. The values of measurements or results of calculations must be transmitted between elements in a
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 control system and ultimately to the final control element to influence the process. Many types of
signals are used in a plant, and the two most common are shown in Table 3. Complete Table 3.
4. The predominant final element in the process industries is the diaphragm-actuated control valve.
Three failure positions are which are fail open, closed, and locked (unchanged). These positions
are selected for safety. The typical control valve has a relatively large unrecoverable pressure drop;
thus, a butterfly valve or damper is sometimes used for control. Complete Table 4 for final control
element symbols.
5. Control design drawings also include a simplified sketch of the process, which is included to clarify
the control strategy but not to provide sufficient detail to build the process equipment. Complete
Table 5 for process schematic symbols.
6. An example of process drawing with instrumentation is shown below:

Enumerate all the symbols and identify each of them. Create a table (Table 6) for your anwers.

Course: BSChE Laboratory Exercise No.: 1

Group No.: 2 Section: CHE42S1

2
Group Members: Date Performed:
1. Cruz, Seanne Ednel Date Submitted: December 3, 2020
2. De La Cruz, Roel Ian M. Instructor: Engr. Crispulo G. Maranan
3. Dumoran, Francis D.
4. Galang, Arrissa Marie S.
5. Ganzon, Riobell S.
6. Jaculba, Jewell Mae P.
6. Data and Results:
1.

Table 1 Terminologies in Instrumentation and Process Control

Term Definition
Alarm Warns that process values exceed the process
alarm setting. A fixed value independent of set
point.
Basic Process Control System A system which handles process control and
monitoring for a facility or piece of equipment. It
takes inputs from sensors and process
instrumentations to provide an output based on
an approved design control strategy.
Bubble The circular symbol used to denote and identify
the purpose of an instrument or function.
Communication link Channel that connects two or more
communicating devices.
Controller A device having an output that varies to
regulate a controlled variable in a specified
manner.
Control station A manual loading station that also provides
switching between manual and automatic
control modes of a control loop.
Control valve A device, other than a common, hand-actuated
ON-OFF valve or self-actuated check valve,
that directly manipulates the flow of one or
more fluid process streams.
Converter A device that receives information in one form
of an instrument signal and transmits an output
signal in another form.
Final Control Element The device that directly controls the value of the
manipulated variable of a control loop.
Instrument A device used directly or indirectly to measure
and/or control a variable.
Instrumentation A collection of instruments or their application
for the purpose of observation, measurement,
control, or any combination of these.
Primary element Also known as sensor.

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 Process Any operation or sequence of operations
involving a change of energy, state,
composition, dimension, or other properties that
may be defined with respect to a datum
Process Variable Any variable property of a process. The term
process variable is used in this standard to
apply to all variables other than instrument
signals.
Sensor That part of a loop or instrument that first
senses the value of a process variable, and that
assumes a corresponding, predetermined, and
intelligible state or output.
Setpoint The setpoint is the ideal process variable. It is
represented in the units of the process variable
and is used by the controller to determine the
output to the process.
Transducer An element or device that converts information
from one form and converts it to another. It can
be considered to comprise a sensor at the front
end and a transmitter.
Transmitter A device that converts one form of energy to
another. Usually from mechanical to electrical
for the purpose of signal integrity for
transmission over longer distances and for
suitability with control equipment.
2.

Table 2 Identification letters

Letter First letter Succeeding letter
A Analysis Alarm
F Flow, Flow Rate (2)
H Hand (2)
L Level (2) Scan
P Pressure (2) Point (Test Connection)
S Speed, Frequency (2) Switch (23b)
T Temperature (2) Transmit

FC Flow Controller
PIC Pressure Indicator and Controller
LAH Level Alarm High
TS Turbine Symbol
AC Air Compressor
3.
Table 3. Line symbols: instrument-to-instrument connections
Line Symbol Signal Type

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 Pneumatic signal, continuously variable or
binary.

Electronic or electrical continuously

variable or binary signal.

4.
Table 4. Final control element symbols
FCE symbol Description
Fail to open position.

Fail to close position.

Fail locked in last position.

Butterfly valve.

Angle on-off solenoid valve.

5.
Table 5. Process Schematic Symbols
Symbol Description
A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class
of heat exchanger designs. It is the most
common type of heat exchanger in oil
refineries and other large chemical
processes and is suited for higher-
pressure applications. As its name implies,
this type of heat exchanger consists of a
shell with a bundle of tubes inside it.
Centrifugal compressors, sometimes called
radial compressors, are a sub-class of
dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing
turbomachinery. They achieve a pressure
rise by adding kinetic energy/velocity to a
continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or
impeller.
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 A Horizontal Drum is a storage tank that is
used to store chemicals in a plant, and it
can be connected directly to another
equipment.
The plug flow reactor model is a model
used to describe chemical reactions in
continuous, flowing systems of cylindrical
geometry. The PFR model is used to
predict the behavior of chemical reactors of
such design, so that key reactor variables,
such as the dimensions of the reactor, can
be estimated.
The distillation column is made up of a
series of stacked plates. A liquid feed
containing the mixture of two or more
liquids enters the column at one or more
points. The liquid flows over the plates,
and vapor bubbles up through the liquid
via holes in the plates.
Packed column absorbers and tray column
absorbers have very high efficiencies for
the removal of an unwanted solute in the
gas stream. The pressure drop in a packed
column is generally very low, whereas in
between each tray of a trayed column
pressure drop can be quite large.
A Turbine is a device that harness the
kinetic energy of some fluid, it may be
steam, water, combustion gases or air.
Turbines are used in engines, propulsion
systems and electrical generation.

A Compressor is a device that is used to

increase the pressure of the gas by
reducing its volume. Similar to pumps, both
can transport fluid through a pipe and
increase the pressure on a fluid.

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 An Underflow Open Tank, in here the
underflow is pumped through the one side
of the tank.

An Overflow Open Tank, is used to be able

to remove the excess water in a tank, it is
also used to prevent the tank from
overspilling in a certain sanitary fixture,
plumbing, etc.

6.
Table 6. Enumerate and Identify Each Symbol
Symbol Name
Heat Exchanger

Control Valve

Horizontal Drum/Tank

Packed Column

Process Line
Instrument Electrical Line
F1 Flow Rate 1
L1 Level 1
T1 Temperature 1
A2 Analysis 2
T2 Temperature 2
F2 Flow Rate 2
T3 Temperature 3
AC Air to Close
7.Conclusion:

Upon reaching the end of the experiment, we were able to see and understand the importance of Standard
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Instrumentation Symbols in process control. In this experiment, we familiarized ourselves with the different
symbols used in process flow diagrams. We defined common terms that will help us read, understand, and
create schematic diagrams in relation to process control.

8. Further Readings:
Seborg Dale E., Edgar, Thomas F., and Mellichamp Duncan A. (2004). Process Dynamics and
Control. Singapore: Wiley.
Wiley.
Knopf, F. C. (2012). Modeling, analysis and optimization of process and energy systems.Hoboken,
New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
Velten, K. (2009). Mathematical modeling and simulation: introduction for scientists and engineers.
Singapore: Wiley-VCH.

9. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
RUBRIC FOR MODERN TOOL USAGE
(Engineering Programs)
Student Outcome (e): Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering
practice in complex engineering activities.
Program: Chemical Engineering Course: _______ Section: _______ ____Sem SY ________
Performance Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Very Satisfactory Score
Indicators 1 2 3 4
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1. Apply Fails to identify Identifies Identifies modern Recognizes the
appropriate any modern modern techniques and is benefits and
techniques, techniques to techniques but able to apply constraints of
skills, and perform fails to apply these in modern
modern discipline- these in performing engineering tools
tools to specific performing discipline-specific and shows
perform a engineering discipline- engineering task. intention to apply
discipline- task. specific them for
specific engineering engineering
engineering task. practice.
task.
2. Demonstrate Fails to apply Attempts to Shows ability to Shows ability to
skills in any modern apply modern apply fundamental apply the most
applying tools to solve tools but has procedures in appropriate and
different engineering difficulties to using modern effective modern
techniques problems. solve tools when solving tools to solve
and modern engineering engineering engineering
tools to problems. problems. problems.
solve
engineering
problems.
3. Recognize Does not Recognizes Recognizes the Recognizes the
the benefits recognize the some benefits benefits and need for benefits
and benefits and and constraints of and constraints of
constraints constraints of constraints of modern modern
of modern modern modern engineering tools engineering tools
engineering engineering engineering and shows and makes good
tools. tools. tools. intention to apply use of them for
them for engineering
engineering practice.
practice.
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Rating = (Total Score / 12) x 100%
Evaluated by: Engr. Crispulo G. Maranan
Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date