Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Area Requirement
Area Requirement
ARLINGTON,
TEXAS
by
A THESIS
IN
ARCHITECTURE
BACHELOR OF ARCHITXCTWRE
Accepted
May, 1988
ISLAMIC
CENTER
AT
ARLINGTON , TEXAS
TABLES OF CONTENTS. PAGE
I. Thesis Statement 1
11 - Project Statement 2
IV - Background Studies
Environment. 6
Mosque 11
Commercial facilities 16
Library 19
Arlington, Texas
- History 22
- Arlington today 23
- Populat ion 23
- Climate 24
- Site analysis 26
- Case studies 41
V- Activity Analysis 45
X Bibliography 126
XI Do<:umentation 129
THESIS STATEMENT.
for Muslims away from their Islamic countries, Muslims who are
the spirit of Islam, its cultures and the many customs of the
peop1e of I s1am.
LU
9
Q-
PROJECT STATEMENT.
U
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o
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8
GOALS.
that can unite the Musiims and that can pull them out from the
OBJECT I \/ES.
the Musiims.
values.
Q
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g
^
^HAT IS ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.
by Gulzar Haider
non-Islamic environments.
linkage with Muslims from other parts of the world, and should
climatically sensible.
beautiful preaching, and argue with them in ways that are best
CASE STUDY
Mosque for f ive hundred men and women, with provision for about
audio-visual 1ibrary
SECTION
O 9 «•«« »•
Dra\sing G Haider
io
r
UPPER LEVEL PLAN
0 • StaM M
A
KEY
1 Women s praver area 6 Semtnar 14 Seminar
2 Ablution 7 A.V. microfilms 15 Women's toilets
3 Child care 8 Readmg area 16 Men's toilets
4 Rare books 9 Profect room 17 Additional project space
5 Slacks 10-13 Professional associations 18 Roof deck
Plainfield. Indiana The Islamic Centre of Sonh America Plan of the upper level
Plan G Haider
r
KEY
1 Staff entrance 5 Mail room 9 Library storage
2 Atrium 6 Office 10 Unexcavated
3 Toilets 7 Receiving 11 Areaway
4 Storage 8 Mechanical 12 Truck dock
Plainfield. Indiana: The Islamic Centre of North America. Plan of the lower level
Plan: G Haider
//
THEREFORE
male populat ion during the Friday prayer- Ever since 624, when
it. The first mosque that was built was the Prophet Mosque in
VISUAL CHARACTERISTIC
sacred space w ithin which the mihrab is located. For the ritual
roof with a dome accents. In East and West Africa the flat
13
design, which could in time alter this trend, are evident- The
the four- eyvan variety, they rely neavily upon the ch^har- tag
a
important to note that all the generic forms were found and
MOSQUE TYPES
instance the mosque comprises two dist inct volumes set side by
ENDNOTES
^ Ibid, p56
Ibid, p56
COMMERCIAL F^\CILITIES.
STORES
American cont inent and other parts of the world, the underlying
complete success.^
1) store front
2) comprehensive planning
3) levels
5) color
6) lighting
7) storage
RESTAURANT.
dining Egypt in 512 B.C. showed a 1imited menu - only one dish
and change in the last few years, which have created a need for
only when the plann ing is gu ided by the basic concepts and
ITS IMPORTANCE
able to come and use the faci1ity. These commercial facilit ies
LIBRARY
service organization."'
its own commun ity and its own group of users. The principal
Suggestions :
approach.
discovered.
SITE
or
Enough parking on site
Near public transportat ion
Close to pedestration
to
ORIENTATION AND SITING
ENDNOTES
1957- p8
HISTORY
and development.
Less than three years after Texas was annexed into the
for the first few years and soon became a cotton ginning and
slowly. During the 1940's, the populat ion was about 4,500. By
the end of the decade, the smal1 frontier town began to show
ARLINGTON TODAY
covers 861 square miles in county and 103 square miles in city-
POPULATION
Association are 135. They are all scattered all over Arlington
and Dallas. They came from different parts of the world such as
CLIMATE
extreme hot and cold weather occuring only rarely. This area
welcome.
degree North and 97 degree West with 616 feet above sea level.
^5
June 21 82°
Dec 21 34°
ARLINGTON WEATHER
through June.
THEREFORE
SITE ANALYSIS.
REASONS:
prayer
pedestrian.
Row and a street to the east side - South Center Street with a
Creek. The west and south side are. roughly defined by Johnson
site there is an interest ing white house which di ffers from any
other houses arround the site. The house was designed by one of
all the building structures should be one foot higher than the
flood plain.
not feasible.
adjacent to each other. And the completion for the entire land
^f
PHASE ONE:
105 women
two storeys
PHASE TWO:
270 women
4. commun i ty gatherings
6. lectures to public
THEREFORE
about 700 people - 450 men, 250 women and 50 ch iIdren. And the
act iv i ties.
^o
tit
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I
3/
60
?2
8
36
/O
?1
//
/•2
^0
13
1^
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CASE STUDIES
commun i t ies.
from the mosque, has the same palmli ke form as the columns. The
Canada.
plashing fountains.
the arch i tect designed a low and unobtrusive bu iId ing. They
Except for the hotel wing and mosque, however, the structural
ENDNOTES
Ibid
" Mazria, E. The Passive Solar Energy Book. Pa: Rodale Press
1977. p281
<
^
45
categories:
- arriving/departing
- parking
viewing, 1ingering)
- playing
2. Public (internal) act ivities
- worshipping
- shopping
- eat ing/dining/drink ing
- studying/learning
- administrat ing
^6
This category deals with public spaces that are open and
ARRIVING/DEPARTING SITE
THEREFORE
PARKING
Vehicles play important role in man's 1ife. Man needs
enough for both safety and activity reasons. 300 sq.ft. should
THEREFORE
users to park the ir veh icles and near to the dest inat ion. 11
It should be placed in a way that users can easily see the main
eat ing)
time for them to rest and relax their minds and bodies.
space. Thus, an open space can offer little recreation for the
buildings together.
THEREFORE
be used. It should meet the needs for all age levels of users.
THEREFORE
and be prov ided enough act ivit ies so that the ch i1dren could
waiting/seating, entering.
activities.
WORSHIPPING
The individual Musiim is requ ired to observe the ritual
for men that they perform them in a building where they can
build ing was called a mosque, for the term derives from the
H4
5/
These acts are to make sure the cleanliness of one's body and
both men and women as separation for men and women is a must in
Islam.
THEREFORE,
Provide special areas for women activ it ies that are away
from the men areas. And locate the prayer hall for men and
SHOPPING
bargain.*
easily shifted .^
NOISE
This particular site poses some problems
in terms of noise. The neighboring airport
generates lots of noise because of air traffic,
Next, the major highway that runs along the
south side of the site is also a noise genera-
tor due to the traffic flow. Therefore, the
designer must consider these elements when ap-
proaching the acoustical design. (Figure f)
14
5*^
way they are feeling about the money they have to spend, the
of eating places.
two or three who are wait ing for the rest of their party to
assemble.
some extent.
to join others by taking any open seat, round tables are most
view.
others are not. While an except ion could certainly be made for
THEREFORE
and work ing in it. Choose suitable colors and 1ighting to help
STUDYING / LEARNING
even wisdom.
5f
more about their religions and even adding the knowledge that
they have already acquired. As for the young Muslims, they need
told about the stories of the prophets and the great Muslims so
that they will have the intention to be like them. The young
THEREFORE
ADMINISTRATING
to organ ize the center, to help and take care of the Musiims,
^o
Islam.
In the offices such normal tasks of typing, billing,
THEREFORE
ENDNOTES
1970. p35
Ibid, p35
Ibid, p37
Press. 1982. pi 18
^ Ibid, p89
Ibid, p
^ Deasy, C. p92
^ Ibid, p94
<
6-2.
WORHIPPING - MOSQUE
ENTRANCE
Entrance mats to clean dirt and moisture off people's feet can
be used.
place al1 the shoes. Numbering and coding of each shoe spaces
PRAYER HALL
city of Mecca. Mecca is the Islam's holy city and Ka 'aba is the
time to pray, book racks to place the Kor'an and other Islamic
using striking colors which can disturb the concentrat ion and
in Islam.
MIHRAB
At the point where the qibla axis meets the far wall of
MIMBAR
there are two items that are normal, namely a stand for the
Kor'an and a pulpit or the mimbar for the Friday sermon. The
away from the cogregat ion whom the imam faces down the steps.
elevation.
MINARET
>^^>fe*.4-fc*.<f^'v^
^•Jf
1 -^ '" - -
for this that there eventually evolved the minaret from which
was the need for the height from which to broad cast the that
minaret.
CHILDREN'S AREA
ages 1/2 to 5 years old- Working and studying parents can send
rolled mats, pillows and blankets and first aid box. This room
CLASSROOMS
also prov ide comfortable seat ing for the students since the
carpet with a long row of table 18" in height and 18" in width.
chair are needed for the teacher to put his/her stuffs and to
classrooms.
mosque. One for men, one for women, one for boys and one for
Islam and to
II
I slam-
EATING/DINING
DINING AREAS
The estimating din ing areas include space for tables, chairs,
tables, chairs, booths and counters selected for the dining are
to move through area while serving and allow diners to eat and
73
Chairs must have suitable shape, angle of seat and back, size,
needed between the top of the chair and the bottom of the
table.
Minimum
size Sp;iciniis
Type Shape (in.) Mn.)
T a b l e s for I's or 2's Square 24 X 2 4 - :u) ^ 3 0
R<.'clanKle 24 ' :u) :j()' :m
KounH :i() 36
T a b l e s for 3'H or 4's St^uare 30 ^ 30 12 ^ 4 2
Kt'ctan^le 3 0 - 12 ;«; y '1H
Round 36 4H
T a b l e s for 5's o r 6's Keetannle 30 y 60 42 72
Round 48 60
Drop leaf t a b l e s 3 0 ^ 3 0 in f>pfiiiiiK lo 4 2 in r(»iind
:J6 - AH in.i)|N'iiiM^ to ri2 ill. roiuul
h"i
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U- IM" - l U - IM -k
airy and uncluttered atmosphere- The ordering and serv ing area
are two eating sections beyond the counter - one for tables,
1ight that they detract attent ion from the room. Foodservice
tl
workplaces.
—7^ T"
W
/\^\i ^:;^\^\..;:^\ 4
X^
POT MAIN
11 W w
LLi
SANDWICH SALAD
^-G—^^-^
WASHING COOKING PREPARATION PREPARATION
n
n
SERVING FACILrnES
DINING
AREA DISHWASHING
FREEZER REFRIG.
STORAGE MEAT
PREP BAKING POT
WASH.
VEG COOKING
UTILITY and
and SALAD
MISCELL PREP DISHWASHING
SERVICE AND
PICK UP
DINING ROOM
Department Fe Dimensions
Receiving so 5 X 10
Dry storage 200 20 X ID
Refrigerated storage 84 12 X 7
Freezer 8 x 7
56
Meat preparation 40 8 x 5
Vegetable and salad prep 9 X 13
Baking 93 15 X 5
6 x 3
Cooking 160 20 X 8
Serving and pick-up WO 20 X 5
Dining 1800 50 X 36
Dishhfash ing 130 13 X 10
Po t i^ash ing 56 7x8
Office 50 5 X 10
Employee facili ties 160 20 X 8
Utility room and misc. 104 8 X 13
TOTAL 3200
n^
heights to fit both workers and task are the ideal design. In
surface for most tasks performed in food fac ilit ies can be done
table is recommended.
most tasks. Tasks that involve reading and working with figures
are arranged in a
manner that will illuminate the workplace
'5
uniformly, without shadows or dark spot.
green colors avG. much easier on the eyes than warm colors. Red
being heated and cooled at the same t ime. The air- condit ioning
and trucks, spillage, crates, foot traffic and heat must remain
sections, and located away from main traffic and work areas.
foods.
RECEIVING
carts and trucks can be used for handling good items and
STORAGE
approximately 50%-
tables or counters.
restaurants-
COOKING
the cook ing ar^a serves as the hub between the product ion and
cooking area.
BAKING
SERVING
line configurat ions are the most basic and are characterized by
DISHWASHING
utensils-
JANITOR CLOSETS
troughs, equ ipped with the necessary hooks or racks for hang ing
and a shelf or two storage, should suffice for these. Each work
EMPLOYEES' FACILITIES
Some facilities are needed for the food employees. Since
07
clothes, 1ocker rooms with 1ockers large enough for the uniform
changes are needed. To i1et and wash bow1 shouId be prov ided,
rooms are needed for both men and women. Such rooms should be
OFFICES
able to funct ion if they can look through glass walls into as
SHOPPING
of the entrance must be clear and obvious. This means that the
entrance to the parking lot, and the fact the fact that parking
passerby.
CIRCULATION AREAS
I '^^" I ^••'?^1
AveR>^ce cu^TOAAet^ AISU&
eUSTOMSR AlSUe-
AMAIN "TRA^^IC.
SERVICE AREA
Service areas are cash counters, wrapping counters.
3i
2-7. A cash
counter may be
located In one
of three general
store areas.
B
u
DISPLAY AREA
Display is the mechanism that presents the merchandise
io
LIGHTING
Good 1ight ing can enhance a product appearance,
store.
FOOD STORE
a6
Main categories of food shop and the produce are:
Lower floor
4
48 600m
Moll 23
storage room and near the receiving and shipping entrance. Sea
BOOKSTORE
of the shelves. The walls of books are^ clearly arranged and can
ceiling panels extend into the arcade itself and make the shop
were placed in the center of the shop, their free sides flanked
by book she1ves 3' high- The dark green color of the cei1ing
DRUG STORE
Drug store designed for The Kawneer Com- In turn, each sales unit has been given ideal dls- Customer traffic routes have been well organized
pany by Ketchwn Gini & Sharp Architects. H^re play. All share in the chance to catch the window- ,nside and out. On the street, the corner display
.J that fine old American mstitution - the corner ihoppefs eye as he passes by the glass entrance lobby acts as an outdoor sales room that will pull
dnji store - revitalized and ready for modern wall on Main Street or the glazed entrance on the customers inside. In the sales area, the cigars,
merchandising. In size location, and type of sales, side street. The soda fountain, in particular, counts cigarettes, and cashier have been located at the
this store is typical of the all-purpose drug store. at an outside display. rear counter to draw shoppers past the rest of the
whether located In a large cty or a small town. General merchandise sales are also visible from sales departments. At the same time, this location
Sales and senrke departments have been carefully Mam Street: in addition, they are given outiide g.ves the cashier visual control of the sales floor
organized - the first fundamental in good store showcases in the lobby and on the side street and of the two entrances to the store.
Planning The soda fountain is placed along a facade. The importance of the prescription depart- Light is the llfebtood of retail showmanship. Good
mirrored wall; general merchandise, including cos- ment is emphasized by the large picture window general illumination pours down on the entrance
metlcs. perfumes, household drugs, and sich room behind which can be seen the pharmacist com- tobby and sales interior from an over-all pattern
supplies, i . located opposite: prescription, are pounding drugs. of ceMing fiKtures. Built-in Ighting raws at^^^^^^
made up and sold at the rear of the store. All these <» the merchandise on display. Light bnghtens the
y .Mu >w«j «t J ^ ^ I |gt|j|. By ^ay or night, this store
departments v e read y accessible from either • . L, / .
/ ' .. ^ u d have mammum advertising value.
street entrance-, all are visible to sidewalk
pedestrians.
^r
LIBRARY
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ENTRANCE
wheel chairs. For this reason, do not have steps leading to the
to clean snow and moisture off people * s feet are very useful. A
bundle-laden shoppers-
natural for them to enter on the right of the exit and to look
THEFT DETECTION
The exit path must be narrow enough for the theft detector to
work.
everyone will have to see them. Locate the exhibit area between
the entrance and the circulation desk. The displays can make
^6
competing with the art works.
READING AREA
atmosphere with:
CIRCULATION AREA
sink; wall shelving; and a 30" high counter with lockable purse
CATALOG
be no more than five drawers high, with the top drawer 50" from
CHILDREN'S SECTION
accessible from the main entrance, and children must pass the
desk and reach the i r sect ion w i thout cross ing adult's area. Use
low shelving for both easy access and visual control; and
MEETING ROOM
A meeting room is a desirable asset to any library
REFERENCE AREA
to take place.
Design should concentrate staff services and develop small
10^
BOOKSTACKS
usefully.
walls.
books.
glare.
LIBRARIAN OFFICE
This is the only room in the building where the
STAFF ROOM
and visible to and from that area. The room should have a wall
cabinet and drawer base, a small lounge 15'x 15', coke machine,
JANITOR S SPACE
casters, and 6' and 14' stepladders; and a desk or work table
and tool storage area for minor repairs. Doors should be 4 ft.
should be 6' x 9' and the minimum janitor closet 41/2' x 8.The
the facility.
lo5
MISCELLANEOUS
boards.
screens.
to touch the floor; rails and doors for the handicapped. 120
ENTRANCE/RECEPTION
one area that al1 visitors will see, be they bank presidents,
surfaces pure white and adding bright color for vitality- Here
LOBBY
The flexibility of the lobby is governed by its size. It
instance, lounge furn iture, carpet ing, side tables and other
multiplicity of use.
durable.
for most of those to enter to find their own way. The area
nearby.
CONFERENCE ROOM
The table determines the shape of this room and the tone
Effective conference
configurations.
OFFICES
Each working station is allowed not more than 1 1/2 lineal feet
confusion.
about 50 fc. of illum inat ion at the work ing 1evel, but some
warm colors, while cool colors are best suited for rooms
behind them.
TOILET ROOMS
building. Thus, one water closet for each 150 women and 300 men
may be required in the mosque area with a urinal for each 300
fio
men and one lavatory for each 150 women and 300 men. Library
men and women and 5 lavatory for every 125 men and women with
may be provided in lieu of water closets but for not more than
toilet bowls - Hose outlets for cleaning should supply hot and
amount of water used will cause wet, slippery floors and the
for toilet rooms to permit the proper exhaust of odors from the
each booth.
PLAYLOT
ENDNOTES
Ibid, pll9
Ibid, pl20
^ Ibid, pl05
^ Ibid, pl83
Ibid, pl25
Ibid, pll7
Ibid, pl23
Ibid, pl24
Ibid, p210
Ibid, P137
Ibid, pl45
Ibid, pl46
Ibid, pl46
Ibid, pl47
Ibid, p218
Ibid, p90
Ibid, p91
//f
Ibid, p92
Ibid, p94
Ibid, p99
Ibid, p48
Ketchum, M. pl73
Myller, R. p44
Ibid, p89
Myller, R. p45
Ibid, pl44
Myller, R. p50
Lushington, N- p244
Myller, R- p52
Ibid, p54
//5
Ibid, p57
Lushington, N. p246
Ibid, p245
Myller, R. p67
Lushington, N. p251
<
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//6
AWINI3TRATIQN AREA
COmSCIAl FACILITIES
^ drug store tOOO t 10 5-3 sneives, ca- '00 j-t? tile floor,
shier, coirters, sound aosor-
snoM cases bing walls %
ceiiinq
stc
naw of total « of heig^ • of equioaent lighting vent space
space so ft rooa ft users fc cfii enclosure
LIBRARY
NtmJE
10-30
6 classrooBS 600 2 9 30-40 cnalkboard, 150 as #'
Cwn and wown) bookshelves,
tackboard, rows
of taoles 18"
neight
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ADJACENCY MATRIX
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3
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50 4J ^ -0 ^J -H
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U '^ 0 0 OJ -0
T: 00 13 (4^ L ru
drug s t o r e
g i f t shop
bookstore
food s t o r e
restaurants
administration
mosque
library
vacant - no i n t e r a c t ion
n^
MOSQUE
-H c
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F-^ ^ - l - l OJ cn —I c 0
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a; e 3 u u u u cn L.
entrance
men's prayer hal 1
women's prayer hal 1
children's sect ion
imam's study area
c1assroom - men
classroom - women
classroom - boys
classroom - girls
men's ablut ion
women's ablut ion
men's coat room
women's coat room
storage
restrooms
vacant - no interaction
V3
LIBRARY
tlO ^ -M -H U
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entrance • ^ J AA
exhibit area • ^ ^
reading area il,
informal reading
c irculat ion desk
catalog
children's section
meeting
r e f e r e n c eroom
area
1^'*2 \
jk ^^\Ji(A
^
^ ^ J K i ^ ^
A
stacks
1ibrarian's office
s t a f f room
copy machine area
a wk A A.
p u b l i c phone
janitor
restrooms AAA A AA
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BUILDING COST
14,954 $912,134
PROJECT COST
PROJECT COST.
Total $ 1,596,035-55
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
<
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• . I
/>4
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Corp. 1957
Khan, Fazhur R. "The Islamic Environment: Can the Future Learn
i^l
Islam. 1978
Mazria, Edward. The Passive Solar Energy Book. Pa: Rodale Press
1977
Sons. 1980
Myller, Rolf. The Design of the Small Public Library. New York
Nyren, Karl ed. Mew Public Library Buildings. New York: Library
1948
u
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Q
/If
DOCUMENTATION
PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS
1 Arabic section area in the library - for arable speaking people and
2 Multipurpose room both for men and women in the mosgue - spaces for
PROGRAM SOLUTION
to for the Muslim community in Arlington, Texas, 1 eame out with the idea of
Arab village that plays with the sequence of spaces i.e. one space leads to
another space and long narrow passage leads to an open large area. There
are also two main axes in organizing the buildings to make them harmonize as
East which is the direction of Mecca and the second axis is the access to
the area from the street. At the intersection of the axes stands the
placed on the highest level of the site. Next important buildings are the
library and the administration area, and lastly, the restaurant and the
retail areas. The mosque having to be the main building at the center has
its own concept. All religous activities to be held within the mosgue will
segregate men and women by layers - 1st. level is for men and 2nd. level is
for the women. The mosque also stretches two arms to invite people to come
in and pray.
/30
The entrance to the center has two rows of covered walkway to invite and
I chose white and the touch of blue as the buildings' color because they
project I have ever designed so far and I satisfied with the result.
/s/
O
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