International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering (MEIC 2015)

Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete

Frame Subjected to Fire
Zhongbao Ye1
Yalong Jiang3
University of Science and Technology of China &
Anhui Xinhua University, China, Hefei
Anhui Xinhua University,
China, Hefei

RuiYuan Huang2 LinLv4

University of Science and Technology of China, China, Coal Industry Hefei Design and Research Institute.
Hefei China, Hefei

Abstract—Reinforced concrete frames are one of most

popular structures used in the world, but the research on T  20  345  lg(8t  1)
their fire is at primary stage. In this thesis, the non-liner
analysis of reinforced concrete frames at elevated T—Ignition temperature（℃）
temperature was analyzed by ANSYS, which included
calculations and analysis of temperature field，structural t—Heating time（ min） 。
deformation, and post-fire ultimate loadings, it was
investigated in this paper with ANSYS ． The analysis
results indicate that the reinforced concrete frame
members undergo internal force redistribution under a
fire, and the super position of constraint internal forces
with external loads causes destroy in beams and columns.
Finally, the fire—resistance design of concrete structures
was also discussed.In this thesis, by IS0834 Standard
temperature-time curve ． At the same time ， the
temperature field, the deformation law at high
temperatures are also put forward ． The temperature
field is simulated using ANSYS,and the calculated results
agree with test results ． In a one compartment fire, Figure 1. calculation model
obvious deformation of structural occurs lead to internal
forces changed during fire，and the thermal expansion of
II. STRUCTURE CALCULATION OF THE VALIDATION
the heated beams and columns is the main agitator in a
one compartment fire. The degree of redistribution of the FIELD
moment of the end of column is larger than the end of
beam. Fire location has more influences on the fire The ANSYS results can be obtained, that some
resistance of reinforced concrete frame because the part of nodes corresponding temperature values at different
the structure at ambient temperature exerts different moments are in the Fig . 2  3.
restrictions on the heated part.In the end, several As indicated in Fig . 2  3, different nodes at
suggestions are presented on the applicable design method different time temperature changes to show the
of reinforced concrete frame in the fire. similarity law. ANSYS calculated results with the
literature [2] experimental agreement. [3.4.5]
Keywords-reinforced concrete frame;
1000

deformation ;stress; non-liner analysis; fire resistance 900

800

I. ANALYSIS MODEL 700

Temperature(C)

600
As indicated in Fig .1, the three layer three
500
span reinforced concrete plane frame is the
analysis model. According to the given 400

engineering load value [1] , the reinforcement 300 node30(ansys)

node65(ansys)
node100(ansys)
Structure design of beams, columns is calculated 200
node150(ansys)
node270(ansys)
by PKPM software. Prior to warming up, the load 100

(dead load and live load) is applied to the analysis 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time(min)
model. Temperature load is calculated
according to standard temperature curve in Figure 2. node time-temperature curves
ISO834.

© 2015. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 1148

 1000
2)Room temperature deformation and internal force
analysis framework
800
1
NODAL SOLUTION
MAR 1 2011
Temperature(C)

SUB =1
20:24:53
UX (AVG)
600 RSYS=0
DMX =.466E-03
SMN =-.236E-04
SMX =.265E-04

400

lie(calculating value )
200 lie(theoretical value )
(currently available calculating value ) MN MX Y

node 150(ansys) Z X
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time(min)

Figure 3. node time-temperature curves

-.236E-04 -.125E-04 -.136E-05 .977E-05 .209E-04
-.181E-04 -.693E-05 .420E-05 .153E-04 .265E-04
frame construction analysis

III. NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE OF Figure.6 X direction deformation cloud

REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME STRUCTURE IN THE FIRE 1
NODAL SOLUTION
MAR 1 2011
SUB =1
20:38:05
SX (AVG) MX
RSYS=0
1).To establish the finite element model of reinforced DMX =.466E-03
SMN =-356687
SMX =421268

concrete frame structure

When the author calculates static structural analysis Y

Z X
and thermal-structure coupling, concrete model will use
the SOLID65 unit, reinforced by LINK8 unit. MN

1
ELEMENTS
MAR 1 2011
18:11:34

-356687 -183808 -10929 161950 334829

-270248 -97369 75510 248389 421268
frame construction analysis

Figure 7. X direction stress cloud

3)The local temperature field of concrete frame

structure
a)Thermal analysis
As indicated in Fig .9, according to the ANSYS
Y results obtained some key sections related in different
part1:heat transfer analysis
Z X
time, such as the bottom of the column, column, column
end, temperature data of beam end, and beams.
Figure 4 finite element model and the model divided 1
ELEMENTS
CP MAR 9 2011
14:21:02

1
ELEMENTS
MAR 9 2011
13:26:16

Z X

part1:heat transfer analysis

Figure 8 Coupling of the beams and columns with the coordinates

of nodes
part2:structural analysis of beam

Figure 5 beams tendon and stirrups

1149
 column expansion deformation displacement is smaller
1000
than the beam;
900

800
(3)As indicated in the curve of the deformation of
700 frame beam, the beam deflection at room temperature is
relatively smaller, to high temperatures upward to
温度(0C)

600 A截面
B截面
500
C截面
3截面
downward expansion of larger deformation damage,
400

300
2截面
1截面
beam span of vertical expansion displacement will occur
200
D截面
E截面
rapidly after the downward deflection greatly, resulting
F截面
100 in high temperature of the beam damage;
10 30 50 70 90 110 [7]
时 间(min)
(4)According to the specification , the reinforced
beams deflection limit, when the heating time of 70 -
Figure 9.Time-temperature curves 80min, near the beam end into the plastic deformation,
4) The local high temperature deformation and internal plastic hinge and produce plastic failure.
force of reinforced concrete frame structure b) Study on deformation of column
a).Study on deformation of local high temperature 1
中 柱
边 柱

concrete frame 0

Study on the deformation of beams -1

As indicated in Fig .10  11, when t=110min, the

位移(mm)
-2

deformation of the beam, beam, column time - -3

displacement curve. -4

1 -5
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP=7 MAR 13 2011
15:05:41
SUB =1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
TIME=6600
UX
RSYS=0
(AVG) MN 时 间(min)
DMX =.192008 MX
SMN =-.011352
SMX =.01157

Figure 12. The column time-displacement curves

1
NODAL SOLUTION
MAR 9 2011
STEP=2
22:42:49
SUB =6
TIME=600
SX (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX =1.851
SMN =-.707E+07
SMX =.515E+07
MX

-.011352 -.006258 -.001165 .003929 .009023

-.008805 -.003711 .001382 .006476 .01157
MN
part2:structural analysis
Y

X
Figure 10. deformation of the beam in the X direction cloud at time
110 minute

-.707E+07 -.435E+07 -.164E+07 .108E+07 .379E+07

-.571E+07 -.299E+07 -278622 .244E+07 .515E+07
part2:structural analysis

X方 向
0
Y方 向 Figure 13. X-direction stress cloud at time 10 minute

-2

As indicated in the above Fig .12. Fig .13:

位移(mm)

-4
(1)The deformation process of frame column:
-6
compression deformation at Room temperature
-8
expansion to the vertical deformation at high
temperature is too large to produce plastic deformation;
-10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 deformation performance of frame structure column and
时 间(min) single column temperature are identical;
(2)The axial column force is larger than the side
Figure.11.beam end time-displacement curves column in the frame structure, but the axial side column
By the calculation results: expansion is larger than the column;
(3)The first column displacement along the Y
(1)With the increase of temperature, the horizontal
positive increases and then decreases, while the
displacement of the upper frame beam, column X in the
displacement column top height is always less than the
direction increase;
middle column, because the axial compression ratio of
(2)Transient thermal strain has great effect on the
[6] column is larger than the side column.
low strength concrete deformation ; Y direction

1150
 c).Study on changes of internal force of reinforced
梁端
concrete frames 柱端
120
Frame structure in X direction, XY direction shear 120
梁端
柱端
100
80
stress nephogram is indicated in the Fig .14 15.
100
80
60
40
20

弯矩(kN*m)
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

时 间(min)

60

1 40
NODAL SOLUTION 20
MAR 9 2011

弯矩(kN*m)
STEP=5
SUB =4
22:46:33 0
TIME=4200
-20
SX (AVG)
RSYS=0 -40
DMX =1.92
SMN =-.714E+07 -60
SMX =.287E+07
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

时 间(min)

Figure 16. beams and columns time-moment curves

-.714E+07 -.492E+07 -.269E+07 -469059 .176E+07

中 柱
-.603E+07 -.381E+07 -.158E+07 642995 .287E+07 边 柱
part2:structural analysis
-800

Figure 14. X-direction stress cloud at time 70 minute -1000

-1200
1

轴力(kN)
NODAL SOLUTION
MAR 9 2011
STEP=5
22:47:24 -1400
SUB =4
TIME=4200
SXY (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX =1.92 -1600
SMN =-.273E+07
SMX =.273E+07
-1800

-2000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

时 间(min)

MN Figure 17 the column time-axial force curves

MX

e).Axial force of beam and column

-.273E+07
-.213E+07
-.152E+07
-910789
-303596
303596
910789
.152E+07
.213E+07
.273E+07
As indicated in the above Fig .:
part2:structural analysis
(1)The column axial force is smaller than the larger
Figure 15. the XY direction scissors stress cloud at time 70 minute axial force of column under normal weight action. At
high temperature, deformation of the structure is
d).The moment of beam and column coordinated. So the side column expansion deformation
(1) The moment of the beam end is larger under local fire. The axial force of side column
The moment of beam end analysis by force curves increases with deformation, but not infinitely increase, it
available: the absolute moment value of the beam end at will be slightly decreased at temperature of 70-80min,
fire 50min growth rate is rapid, internal force changes and the variation of axial force in the column is
the slope of the curve is larger, with the fire duration relatively smaller.
time - temperature increase, the moment of beam end f). Shear force of beam and column
growth slows. There is a peak value in the fire about
50-70min.
(2) The moment of the column end 0 梁端轴力

The moment of column frame structure increases -10

with the fire duration time and temperature increasing, -20

until the structure of plastic deformation of plastic hinge
轴力(kN)

-30
and cause the structure damage. Due to expansion
deformation of beam and column heating, so that the -40

post by the axial temperature load into high temperature -50

obviously affected by eccentric load. The moment

-60
Change of column end at high temperature is larger than
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
the internal force change of the end of beam mid-span of 时 间(min)
beam section.

Figure 18 beam time-axial force curves

1151

40
20
0
剪力(kN)
-20
-40
-60
0 20 40 60 80 100
时 间(min)
Figure 19 beams and columns time-Shear curves
As indicated in the above Fig .:
(1)The change of shear force of frame beam is
smaller at high temperature, and the change of shear
force of frame column is larger, it is due to the beam
after fire expansion deformation.
(2)The shear force value of Frame beam and column
is maximum of the heating time about 50-70min is
largest, with a similar consistency
(3)The shear force value of Frame beam and column
[8.9.10]
is influenced by the moment value.
IV. CONCLUSION
(1)Distribution of temperature field of the members:
The initial temperature difference of the member and the
outside temperature can reach 150-250 ℃. With the
extension of heating time, the temperature difference is
gradually reduced to 20-30 ℃ . The ambient
temperature is higher than the temperature of the
member;
(2)The distribution of the temperature field,
structural deformation, the variation regularity of the
internal forces, stress characteristics of the frame
structure in the fire are analyzed by ANSYS. Axial force
of the beam has a very obvious change.
(3)The internal force change of frame structure is
occurred in local fire. Under the effects of fire the axial
force change of column is more slowly, but the variation
of axial force of beam is very obvious; the heating
process, the change of bending moment of column
sections is various. After the heating, the internal force
distribution of the structure is similar to the distribution
of internal force of the structure under horizontal load.
梁端
(4)As indicated in the curves of the deformation and
柱端 stress, the beam span, the end of beam and column,
column end is the stress concentrated area, and easy to
form plastic hinges weak section. In structural design of
fire resistance should be adopted to increase the column
and beam rotation ability measures, to increase the
ductility of the structure, so that it can increase the
ability against changes of deformation and internal force.
These parts need to be strengthened through various
measures in structural design of fire resistance.
120
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1.The project supported by National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No.11402266);
2.Supported by the Fund of the State Key Laboratory
of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion &
Impact(PLA University of Science and Technology) (No.
DPMEIKF201401).
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