NAME : EKA SEPTIYANTI

NIM : P07234018010
CLASS : 1A

1. Laboratory Safety
Laboratory safety measures are designed to encourage and promote safe and
efficient working practices in a laboratory. It protects all laboratory personnel and other
people with right of entry from illness or injury. All laboratory personnel have
responsibility to adhere to and observe safety programme all the time. Therefore using a
complete personal protective device that is very important when working in a laboratory.
All of that was done to minimize work accidents in a laboratory. Besides that lab officers
must have extensive knowledge of work safety in the lab to avoid workplace accidents.

2. Symbols used in a laboratory

1. Flammable Chemicals (ex: Aceton, Ether, Xylene, Alcohol)
Burning can occur if there is oxygen and fuel. Flammability is an easy-to-use
chemical. A very difficult reaction can present an explosion. This material must be stored
in a cold place, because if stored in a hot place can cause a fire, the circulation of air must
be sufficient, separate from the oxidizer, APAR is nearby, keep it away from sources of
fire, where the tool is provided automatic smoke / fire detector.
2. Corrosive chemicals(ex: Concentrated Acids, Alkalies, phenol,etc)
Corrosive B3 has the following characteristics:
(1) Causes irritation (burning) to the skin;
(2) Causing the corrosion process on SAE 1020 steel plates with a corrosion rate greater
than 6.35 mm / year with a testing temperature of 55 0C;
(3) Has a pH equal to or less than 2 for acidic B3 which is equal to or greater than 12.5 for
alkaline substances.
3. Oxidising Chemicals (ex: Potassium dichromate, Chromic cid, Chlorites, etc)
Solid material testing included in the oxidizing B3 criterion can be carried out using the
combustion test method using ammonium persulfate as a standard compound. As for liquid
material, the standard compound used is nitric acid solution. With this test, an ingredient is
expressed as oxidizing B3 if the combustion time of the material is equal to or shorter than the
combustion time of the standard compound.
4. Explosive Chemicals (ex: Picric Acid)
is a material which at standard temperature and pressure (25 0C, 760 mmHg) can
explode or through chemical reactions or physics can produce gas with high temperature and
pressure which can quickly damage the surrounding environment. The test can be done using
Diferenial Scanning Calorymetry (DSC) or Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), 2,4-
dinitrotoluene or Dibenzoyl-peroxide as reference compounds. From the test results, the heating
temperature value will be obtained. If the value of the heating temperature of a material is
greater than the reference compound, then the material is classified as explosive.

5. Toxic chemicals (ex: Potassium Cynide)

B3 which is toxic to humans will cause death or serious illness if it enters the body
through breathing, skin or mouth. Measured by LD50. LD50 (Lethal Dose Fifty). LD50 is
a calculation of doses (pollutant grams per kilogram) that can cause the death of 50% of
the population of living creatures used as experiments. (Article 8 paragraph 2,
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 Year 1999 concerning
Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste) The levels of B3 poisons are grouped
according to the following order:
1 Extremely toxic (extremly toxic) LD50 <1 (mg / kg)
2 Very toxic (highly toxic) LD501 - 50 (mg / kg)
3 Toxic (moderately toxic) LD5051 - 500 (mg / kg)
4 Slightly toxic (slightly toxic) LD50501 - 5,000 (mg / kg)
5 Practically non-toxic (practically non-toxic) LD505001 - 15,000 (mg / kg)
6 Relatively harmless (relatively harmless) LD50> 15,000 (mg / kg)