The Nano World

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the chapter, the students should

be able to:
1. Define the major potential and realized

impacts of nanotechnology and society

2. Examine the cost and benefits to society of

nanotechnology
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 What is
02
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Applications
Size, Behavior, New
Creations

03 04
05
NANOTECHNOLOGY: NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Environmental Impact on Society
Remediation

NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Philippine Context
 01
What is NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology is science, engineering,
and technology conducted at the
nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100
nanometers.
 NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at

unprecedentedly small scales to create new or
improved products that can be used in a wide variety
of ways.

Nanotechnologies are the design, characterization,

production and application of structures, devices and
systems by controlling shape and size at nanometer
scale.
 Nanotechnology: Small, Different, New

1. 2. 3.
The At the We can
nanometer is nanometer harness this
extremely scale, new behavior
small. to make new
materials
technologies.
may behave
differently.
 1. How small is NANO?
Millimetre scale Micrometre scale
Nanometre scale
(1 m = 1000 mm) (1 mm = 1000 µm)
(1 µm = 1000 nm) –
ant and flea eye of a fruit fly
viruses & DNA
5mm and a red blood
cell 400 µm

3 mm
50-100 nm
8 µm

1mm

2 nm
 2. What make technology at the nanoscale
different from technology at the macroscale?
When particle size is made to be
nanoscale, properties such as Using nanotechnology,
melting point, fluorescence, materials can effectively be
electrical conductivity, magnetic made stronger, lighter,
permeability, and chemical more durable, more
reactivity change as a function of
reactive, more sieve-like, or
the size of the particle.
better electrical
At very small sizes physical conductors, among many
properties (magnetic, electric and other traits.
optical) of materials can change
dramatically.
 3. New technologies

"Nano Bubble Water" In Japan

The National Institute of Advanced

Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST) and REO developed the
world's first 'nanobubble water'
technology that allows both fresh-
water fish and saltwater fish to live in
the same water.

Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/inventions-using-nanotechnology-1992181
Updated February 04, 2020
How to View Nanoscale Objects

The scanning tunneling microscope

is widely used in both industrial and
fundamental research to obtain
atomic-scale / nanoscale images of
metal surfaces.
 Nanosensor Probe

A "nano-needle" with a tip about one-

thousandth the size of a human hair pokes a
living cell, causing it to quiver briefly. Once it is
withdrawn from the cell, this nanosensor
detects signs of early DNA damage that can
lead to cancer.
Nanoengineers Invent New Biomaterial

What are biomaterials?

Biomaterials play an integral role in medicine today—restoring function
and facilitating healing for people after injury or disease.

Biomaterials is used in a wide range

such as:
• Medical implants
• Methods to promote healing of
human tissues
• Regenerated human tissues
• Biosensors, etc.
MIT Researchers Discover New Energy
Source Called Themopower

Carbon nanotubes are submicroscopic hollow tubes made of a lattice of

carbon atoms. These tubes, just a few billionths of a meter (nanometers)
in diameter, are part of a family of novel carbon molecules, including
buckyballs and graphene sheets.

The discovery could lead to a new way

of producing electricity.
 02
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Application
 Everyday Materials and Processes

Antibacterial effect of nano silver

As the most commonly used
engineered nanomaterial,
nanosilver has found useful
applications in water and air
filters, antibacterial purposes,
polymer films in food packaging
and much more.
Nanosilver has the ability to
prevent the spread of infection.
Coatings - self-cleaning windows and stainproof clothing

Engineers have created a chemical coating that causes cotton materials to

clean themselves of stains and remove odours when exposed to sunlight.
 03
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Environmental Remediation
■ Nanotechnology could help meet the need for
affordable, clean drinking water through rapid,
low-cost detection and treatment of impurities in
water.
■ Nanoparticles are being developed to clean
industrial water pollutants in ground water
through chemical reactions that render the
pollutants harmless. This process would cost less
than methods that require pumping the water out
of the ground for treatment.
■ Researchers have developed a nanofabric
"paper towel" woven from tiny wires of
potassium manganese oxide that can absorb
20 times its weight in oil for cleanup
applications. Researchers have also placed
magnetic water-repellent nanoparticles in oil
spills and used magnets to mechanically
remove the oil from the water.
■ Many airplane cabin and other types of air filters
are nanotechnology-based filters that allow
“mechanical filtration,” in which the fiber
material creates nanoscale pores that trap
particles larger than the size of the pores. The
filters also may contain charcoal layers that
remove odors.
■ Nanotechnology-enabled sensors and
solutions are now able to detect and identify
chemical or biological agents in the air and soil
with much higher sensitivity than ever before.
 04
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Impact on Society
• Faster, smaller, and more powerful computers that consume far
less power, with longer-lasting batteries.
• Faster, more functional, and more accurate medical diagnostic
equipment.
• Nanoparticles in pharmaceutical products improve their absorption
within the body and make them easier to deliver, often through
combination medical devices.
• Improved vehicle fuel efficiency and corrosion resistance by
building vehicle parts from nanocomposite materials that are lighter,
stronger, and more chemically resistant than metal.
• Nanoparticles or nanofibers in fabrics can enhance stain resistance,
water resistance, and flame resistance, without a significant increase
in weight, thickness, or stiffness of the fabric.
• Water filters that are only 15-20 nanometers wide can remove nano-
sized particles, including virtually all viruses and bacteria.
• Availability of huge variety of chemical sensors can be programmed to
detect a particular chemical at amazingly low levels,
 Potentials risks associated with nanotechnology

• Adverse health effects in humans from deliberate or accidental

exposure

• Adverse effects on the environment from deliberate or accidental

exposure

• Potentially explosive properties of nanostructures

• “Grey goo”, a nightmarish scenario of nanotechnology in which out-of-

control self-replicating nanobots destroy the biosphere by endlessly
producing replicas of themselves and feeding on materials necessary for
life.
Any technology has risks
and benefits

Who should make decisions

about whether to use certain
nanotechnologies?

Should doctors use

nanosilver catheters to
prevent infections?

What about using a

nanosilver washing machine?
Gasoline can be
dangerous, too!

To make gas safer, there

are regulations for
producing, transporting
and using it safely

How can we think ahead

so we reduce the risks
associate with new
nanotechnologies?
Nanotechnology could change
how we create, transmit, store,
and use energy

Examples:
super-efficient batteries, low-
resistance transmission lines,
cheaper solar cells

New flexible, thin film solar

cells are easier to produce
and install, use less material,
and are cheaper to make
In many places, people
do not have access to
clean water

Nanofiltration systems are

a promising solution to this
problem
 05
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Philippine Context
05 NANOTECHNOLOGY: Philippine Context

05
Thank you!
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