An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

Universitas Sumatera Utara
Repositori Institusi USU http://repositori.usu.ac.id

Departemen Sastra Inggris Skripsi Sarjana
2018
An Analysis of Translation Procedures

in Translated Thesis Abstracts of
Students of Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences
Reza, Muhammad
http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/3334
Downloaded from Repositori Institusi USU, Univsersitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN TRANSLATED
THESIS ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND
POLITICAL SCIENCES
A THESIS
BY
MUHAMMAD REZA
REG. NO. 130705028
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2018
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN
TRANSLATED THESIS ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
A THESIS
BY
MUHAMMAD REZA
REG. NO: 130705028
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A Dr. Rudy Sofyan, M.Hum.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 002 NIP. 19721113 200501 1 010
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2018

Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. Deliana, M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A.Ph. D
NIP. 19571117 198303 2 001 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara on Friday, February 9th2018
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S
NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001
Board of Examiners
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D
Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.D.
Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, MUHAMMAD REZA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF
THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF
THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.
THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date : February 9th 2018

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : MUHAMMAD REZA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION

PROCEDURES IN TRANSLATED THESIS
ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF FACULTY
OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date : February 9th, 2018
ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrohmanirrohim,
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, the writer would like to thank and praise Allah
SWT for giving me everything I need especially to finish this thesis in order to get
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara.
The I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi
Agustono, M.S., the Head of English Department, Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum., and the
secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. for all of the
facilities and opportunities given to the writer during the stufy.
I also would like to thank the my supervisor, Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis,
M.A. and the writer’s co-supervisor Dr. Rudy Sofyan, S.S., M.Hum. for the
guidance, support, advice, and constructive comments during the writing of tor his
thesis
Special thanks to my parents Alm. Azhar and Ernawati Nasution, my lovley
aunty Almh. Erni Nasution, and also my beloved sister : Yuyun, Nola and Asti. for
giving the writer an endless support, love and attention. A really big thanks to aunts,
uncles, and cousins for every help and support for the writer so the writer can finish
the writer’s study in the university.
Massive thanks to my beloved best friends : Ryah, Melfi, Rafif, Amie, Amoi,
Ryan, Icha, Lan, Tulang, Jupeg, Robby. For D’Kos: Rike, Rizal, Wirda, Sari. For
Wisdua 2018 : Agung, Husna, Dyla, Putri, Iin.
For Kabinet Lambe IMSI : Noni, Gerald, Agung, Ayu Rantika, Rezy, Tina,
Randy, Morris. My junior : Farris bot, Andre, Nurul, Jawara, Ahsan, Akmal, Yola,
Raja, Febri, Tasya boni, Jaka, Zizi, Dwi, Dede. My Senior : Bg Yanto, Bg Abel, Bg
iii

Izal, Kak Zara, Bg Wahyu, Bg Yuda, Kak Refi, Kak Ossi, Kak Dini, Kak Windi,
Kak Depa, Bg Yudi, Kak Wina, Kak Chica, Bg Padel, Kak Fanny, Bg Kiteng.
The writer has written this thesis with all the writer limitation of knowledge,
time and references but the writer does hope this thesis will be useful for anyone who
read it.
Medan, February 9th 2018
Muhammad Reza
iv

ABSTRACT
The thesis entitled ‘An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis

Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences’ is a linguistics
study. This study appears because of the importance of translation role in translating
thesis abstracts. This thesis was done to answer the curiosity of the writer about what
procedures is applied in translated thesis abstracts and what the dominant procedure
applied in translating the thesis abstract of Social and Political Sciences Faculty. The
objective of this study is to find out what translation procedures are applied in
translating the thesis abstracts and the dominant one. Thesis abstracts is selected
beacuse abstracts as brief summary of the most important points in a scientific paper.
In order to identified and classify the translation procedures applied in thesis
abstracts, Vinay and Dalbernet theory about translation procedures is used. The
method of the analysis is descriptive qualitative method. As the result of this
research, the most dominant procedure used in translated thesis abstracts of Social
and Political Sciences faculty is literal with 44 occurrences (68,75%), followed by
equivalence with 8 occurrences (12,5%), borrowing with 7 occurrences (10,93%),
modulation with 3 occurrences (4,68%), transposition with 1 occurrence (1,56%) and
calque with 1 occurrence (1,56%).
Keywords : thesis abstracts, literal, translation procedures

ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul ‘An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis

Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences’ adalah sebuah studi
linguistik. Studi ini muncul karena pentingnya peran terjemahan dalam
menerjemahkan abstrak skripsi. Skripsi ini dibuat untuk menjawab rasa penasaran
penulis tentang prosedur apakah yang dipakai penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan
abstrak skripsi dan prosedur apa yang dominan dipakai dalam menerjemahkan
abstrak skripsi Fakultas Ilmu Social and Politik (FISIP). Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah untuk menemukan prosedur terjemahan apa yang digunakan oleh penerjemah
untuk menerjemahkan skripsi abstrak skripsi FISIP dan prosedur mana yang paling
dominan. Abstrak skripsi ini dipilih karena abstrak menjadi poin yang sangat penting
dalam karya tulis ilmiah, teori yang dipakai untuk mengidentifikasi dan
mengklasifikasikan prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan oleh penerjemah adalah
teori prosedur terjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet. Metode penelitian yang dipakai
dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini
menunjukkan bahwa prosedur yang dominan dipakai dalam menerjemahkan abstrak
skripsi adalah literal, dibuktikan dengan temuan prosedur literal sebanyak 44 temuan
(68,75%), diikuti dengan prosedur ekuivalen dengan 8 temuan (12,5%), peminjaman
dengan 7 temuan (10,93%), modulasi dengan 3 temuan (4,68%), transposisi dengan 1
temuan (1,56%) serta kalke dengan 1 temuan (1,56%).
Kata kunci: abstrak skripsi, literal, prosedur terjemahan
vi

TABLE OF CONTENT
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ..................................................................... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................ ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. v
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS. .......................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study ............................................................ 1
1.2 Problem of The Study .................................................................. 5
1.3 Objective of The Study ................................................................ 5
1.4 Scope of The Study ..................................................................... 5
1.5 Significance of The Study ........................................................... 6
1.5.1 Theoritical Significance ........................................................... 6
1.5.2 Practical Significance............................................................... 6
vii

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Translation ............................................................ 7
2.2 The Process of Translation ........................................................ 10
2.3 Procedures of Translation ........................................................... 11
2.4 Abstract ..................................................................................... 16
2.5 Previous Research …………………………………….............. 17
CHAPTER III METHODS OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Method ....................................................................... 19
3.2 Data and Source Data ................................................................. 19
3.3 Data Collecting Method .............................................................. 20
3.4 Data Analysis Method ............................................................... 20
3.5 Data Percentage ......................................................................... 21
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Discussion .................................................................................. 22
4.2 Analysis ..................................................................................... 22
4.2.1 Identifying the Translation Procedures ................................... 22
4.2.2 Classifying and Analyzing the Data Based on the Translation
Procedure……………….............................................…..... 35
4.2.2.1 Borrowing ............................................................................. 35
viii

4.2.2.2 Calque ................................................................................... 36
4.2.2.3 Literal Translation ................................................................ 37
4.2.2.4 Transposition ........................................................................ 38
4.2.2.5 Modulation ........................................................................... 39
4.2.2.6 Equivalence .......................................................................... 41
4.2.2.7 Adaptation ........................................................................... 42
4.2 Data Findings .............................................................................. 42
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................. 45
5.2 Suggestion .................................................................................. 45
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………. 47
APPENDICES
ix

LIST OFTABLES
Table 1. Educational statistic ................................................................................. 21
Table 2. Data A Identification ................................................................................... 22
Table 3. Data B Identification .................................................................................... 25
Table 4. Data C Identification .................................................................................... 28
Table 5. Data D Identification ................................................................................... 30
Table 6. Data E Identification .................................................................................... 33
Table 7. Table of Translation Procedures in Thesis Abstracts................................ 43

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is a fundamental part our life, because it refers to the way we
manage our social life. Language is not only for linguists, students, lecturers, but also
for business men, politician, lawyer, marketing, and other aspects that need language
as a medium to communicate. One of the medium to communicate is a book or paper
in professional journal. The use of different languages in paper in professional
journal around the world encourages people to make use of translation process in
order to provide paper in professional journal translated from one language to
another. As a way to communicate, translation has a function as the way to share
information, stories, experiences and most of all knowledge. Translation is a media
that can help us to get the knowledge or information. Nowadays, many different
papers in professional journal, especially with English as the source language, have
been translated and distributed to different countries, including Indonesia. They vary
from science, history, arts, religion, business & economics, biography &
autobiography, etc. If you examine any paper in professional journal, such as thesis,
you will see that each paper begins with an abstract.
An abstract is a brief summary of the most important points in a scientific
paper as Day (1998 : 29) states an abstract is a miniversion of the paper. Abstracts
enable professionals to stay current with the huge volume of scientific literature. It is
also a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or
any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader

quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the
beginning of a manuscript or typescript.
Houghton (1975) says that an abstract can be defined as a summary of the
information in a document. An abstract is a critical part of a scientific paper. Many
professionals read abstracts from around the world. These abstracts from around the
world have varied of languages. To make professionals read and understand the
abstracts easier, the author usually translates the abstracts from the source language
into English. In relation with this study, the writer studies some students’ thesis
abstracts in University of Sumatera Utara that are written in two languages, English
and Bahasa Indonesia. The thesis authors write the abstracts in Bahasa Indonesia and
then they are translated into English. In translating the abstracts, they are transferring
information from source language to target language ang they should produce
equivalent text so that the readers can understand and determine whether they need to
read the document in its entirely.
A translator may use a variety of translation procedures that differ in
importance according to the contextual factors of both the source language and the
target language. Among the factors involved in translation such as form, meaning,
style, proverbs, idioms, etc., the present paper is going to concentrate mainly on the
procedures of translating abstracts in general.
Nida and Taber (1982:12) state that translating consists of reproducing in the
receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first
in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Meanwhile, Translation as stated
by Newmark (1988:5) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the
way that the author intended the text. From the definition stated, the writer found

that translation is a process which is aimed to find meaning equivalence in the target
language. The activity of translation has a long-standing tradition and has been
widely practiced throughout history, but in our rapidly changing world its role has
become of paramount importance.
The role of translation is very important here to support the development of
science in Indonesia. This is in line with Muchtar’s view (2012:17) which says that
translation becomes very important since most of the text about science and
technology from developed countries is written in foreign language, particularly
English. Because it is very important to re-consider the balance of content and the
product of translation, because if it is not attuned, it will make multi-interpretation
which eventually generates the inadequate product.
Translation is not merely changing words, but also transferring of culture
equivalence with the culture of the original language and the recipient of that
language as well as possible and implement it according to the recipient language
(Muchtar 2013: 2). The better translation must be accepted by all people in logic and
based on fact; thus, the message contained in the source language can satisfy the
target-language reader with the information within. Prochazka in Garvin’s A Prague
School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure and Style (in Venutti 2000:131)
defines a good translation in terms of certain requirements which must be made by
the translator, namely (1) “He must understand the original word thematically and
stylistically”; (2) “he must overcome the differences between the two linguistic
structures”; and (3) “he must reconstruct the stylistic structures of the original work
in his translation.”

In the new millennium, in which cultural exchanges have been widening,
knowledge has been increasingly expanding and international communication has
been intensifying, the phenomenon of translation has become fundamental. Be it for
scientific, medical, technological, commercial, legal, cultural or literary purposes,
today human communication depends heavily on translation and, consequently,
interest in the field is also growing. By virtue of language, translation appears as the
significant scope to overcome the language border which make the process of
communication becomes better. The language border distracts the process of
absorbing information especially in the moment to gain information from the
scientific researches, books, or journals, or even an abstract column as the front
display to acknowledge the research in brief.
Furthermore, in this thesis, the writer will analyze the translation procedures
found in translating abstracts of students’ thesis of Social Sciences and Political
faculty from Bahasa into English. In Social Sciences and Political Faculty, the
students will make the abstract in Bahasa Indonesia and they translate it into English.
The writer will collect some abstracts from students who have finished writing their
thesis.
This study focuses on analyzing procedure since every translator has different
ways in doing translation based on the theory which the translator relies upon. By
analyzing the translation procedure, the writer would be able to find out the
perspective of the author in doing the translation of the abstract which will affect the
quality of the translation itself. In translation procedures, there are many theories
suggested by the experts and in this thesis, the writer applies Vinay and Dalbernet’s
theory (in Venuti, 2000:84).

1.2 Problem of the Study
Based on the title of this proposal, “The Analysis of Translation Procedures in The
Abstracts of Students' Thesis of Social Sciences and Political Faculty”, there are two
problems of the study to be analyzed as follows:
1. What are the translation procedures used in the translation of the students’
abstracts?
2. What are the dominant translation procedures used in translation of the
abstracts?
1.3 Objective of the Study
Related to the problems above, the writer states some objectives to answer those
problems:
1. To find out the translation procedures used to translate the abstracts of the
students thesis.
2. To find out the dominant translation procedures in the translation of the
abstracts.
1.4 Scope of the Study
The study is focused on the five translated abstracts of students’ thesis of Faculty
of Social and Political Sciences from the major of Communication Studies and the
procedures of translation in translated abstracts.

1.5 Signficances of Study
The significances of the study are as follows:
1.5.1 Theoritical Significance
The writer hopes that this study can be a reference and the guidance for students
and the teachers of translation in general; and the translator in particular subject to
enlarge the comprehension about the translation, especially about the procedures of
translation and to do other related researches about translation.
1.5.2 Practical Significance
The result of the study can become the reference to make a better awareness to
create thesis abstract through a good translation procedures

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Translation
Translation is the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text, and then
makes the translation product become equivalent. Communicating the same message
in another language also called as translation. The text to be translated is called the
source text, and the language it is to be translated into is called the target language;
the final product is sometimes called the target text. Crystal (1987:334) states that the
term ‘translation’ is the neutral term used for all tasks where the meaning of
expression in one language (source language) is turned into the meaning of (target
language), whether the medium is spoken, written, or signed. Translation is defined
as the process of transferring the idea or information from the source language (SL)
to the target language (TL).
There are so many definitions of translation that are suggested by the experts.
In this chapter the writer discusses them more clearly about the translation
definitions, some definitions of translation may be different as many experts
expresses their own thought or idea about the definition of translation. In this
chapter, the writer wants to discuss the definition based on Simatupang (1992),
Larson (1984), Newmark (1984), Nida and Taber (1974: 12) and Catford (1965),
Newmark (1984: 28) in his book A Textbook of Translation says “Translation
is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author
intended the text”. Here, Newmark said that translation was the way to find the
equivalence of meaning from source text into target text. Thus we may say that we

reconstructing or reproducing the meaning inside the source language text into the
form of target language text.
Catford (1965: 20) states in his book A Linguistic Theorythat “Translation is
the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in
another language”. Here, Catford said that the important thing in process of
translation is a way to find the equivalent meaning between source language (SL)
and target language (TL) and the readers or listeners can understand and does not
misunderstanding with the meaning of translation product.
Larson (1984: 10) in Meaning-Based Translation states that “Translation
consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and
cultural context of the source language, analyzing it in order to determine its
meaning, then reconstructing the same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical
structure which appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context”.
From the Larson’s explanation above, it can be concluded that translation is
not an easy task to do, because every language has its own ways and grammatical
structure to say some terms that might be different with another language. In
translation there are many processes and procedures that must be mastered and
known such as, studying the source text, analyzing it, and reconstructing the
meaning.
In the Theory and Practice of Translation, Nida and Taber (1974 : 12) states
that “Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural
equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in
terms of style”. From here it can be concluded that in reproducing or transferring the
message, there is an equivalent relationship between SL and TL.

Simatupang (1992: 2) in his book Pengantar Teori Terjemahan states
“Menerjemah adalah mengalihkan makna yang terdapat dalam Bahasa sumber ke
dalam Bahasa sasaran dan mewujudkannya kembali di dalam Bahasa sasaran
dengan bentuk-bentuk sewajar mungkin menurut aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam
Bahasa sasaran”. Translation tries to transfer the meaning in Source Language to
Target Language in the form that best fit with the rules of target language.
In the Theory and Practice of Translation, Nida and Taber (1974 : 12)
statesthat “Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest
natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style”. Nida also stated about style. It refers to the stylistic of
linguistic aspect. The translator needs to pay attention to the style of source language
in order to maintain the naturalness the target language in the target text. So the
target readers could easily understand the content of the text.
From the five translation experts above, it can be concluded that translation is
the task that deals with two different kinds of language. The first is the source
language (SL), which is the language to be translated, and the second is target
language (TL) or the form of the language that become the target. Translation does
not only change the form but translation is a process of transferring the meaning
from source language (SL) to target language (TL), the important thing in translation
is the way to find the equivalent meaning in source language (SL) to target language
(TL). In transaltion process, there are some steps that must be done, studying the
source text, analyzing it, and reconstructing the meaning. So, a translator must know
about the process and procedure in translation.

2.2 The Process of Translation
In translating the text, there are some processes that the translator has to go
through to make the translation appropriate with the original text. According to
Larson (1984:4) when translating a text, the translator’s goal is an idiomatic
translation which makes every effort to communicate their meaning of the SL text
into the natural forms of the receptor language. Furthermore, he states that translation
is concerned with the study of the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication
situation, and cultural context of the SL text, which is analysed in order to determine
its meaning. The discovered meaning is then re-expressed or reconstructed using the
lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and
its cultural context. Larson simply presents the diagram of the translation process, as
follows;
Source Language Receptor Language
Text to be Translated Translation
Discover the Meaning Re-express the Meaning
MEANING
Translation Process (Larson 1984:4)
10

2.3 Procedures of Translation
Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti and Baker, 2000:84) stated that at first the
different methods or procedures seem to be countless, but they can be condensed to
just seven, each one corresponding to a higher degree of complexity. In practice, they
may be used either on their own or combined with one or more of the others.
Furthermore, Vinay and Darbelnet explained that translators can choose from
two methods of translating, namely direct, or literal translation and oblique
translation. In some translation tasks it may be possible to transpose the source
language message element by element into the target language, because it is based on
either (i) parallel categories, in which case we can speak of structural parallelism, or
(ii) on parallel concepts, which are the result of metalinguistic parallelism. But
translators may also notice gaps, or “lacunae”, in the target language (TL) which
must be filled by corresponding elements, so that the overall impression is the same
for the two messages.
It may, however, also happen that, because of structural or metalinguistic
differences, certain stylistic effects cannot be transposed into the TL without
upsetting the syntactic order, or even the lexis. In this case it is understood that more
complex methods have to be used which at first may look unusual but which
nevertheless can permit translators a strict control over the reliability of their work:
these procedures are called oblique translation methods. In the listing which follows,
the first three procedures are direct and the others are oblique.
11

Procedure 1: Borrowing
To overcome a lacuna, usually a metalinguistic one (e.g. new technical
process, an unknown concept), borrowing is the simplest of all translation methods.
For instance, in order to introduce the flavor of the source language (SL) culture into
a translation, foreign terms may be used, e.g. “dollars” and “party” from American
English, Mexican Spanish food names “tequila” and “tortillas” and so on. Some
well-established, mainly older borrowings are so widely used that they are no longer
considered as such and have become a part of the respective TL lexicon. In English
such words as “menu” and “hangar” are no longer considered to be borrowings. The
decision to borrow a SL word or expression for introducing an element of local
colour is a matter of style and consequently of the message (Vinay and Darbelnet, in
Venuti and Baker, 2000:85).
Procedure 2: Calque
A calque is a special kind of borrowing whereby a language borrows an
expression form of another, but then translates literally each of its elements. The
result is either (i) a lexical calque, as in the first example, below, i.e. a calque which
respects the syntactic structure of the TL, whilst introducing a new mode of
expression; or (ii) a structural calque, as in the second example, below, which
introduces a new construction into the language (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and
Baker, 2000:85).
Example:
English-Indonesian calque
Normal school Sekolah normal
Assistant manager Asisten manajer
12

Procedure 3: Literal Translation
Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a
grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which he translators’ task is
limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL (Vinay and
Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:86).
Example:
Source Language : I wear red hat.
Target Language : Saya memakai topi merah.
If, after trying the first three procedures, translators regard a literal translation
unacceptable, they must turn to the methods of oblique translation. By unacceptable
we mean that the message, when translated literally
i gives another meaning, or
ii has no meaning, or
iii is structurally impossible, or
iv does not have a corresponding expression within the metalinguistic
experience of the TL, or
v has a corresponding expression, but not within the same register.
Procedure 4: Transposition
The method called transposition involves replacing one word class with
another without hanging the meaning of the message. In translation there are two
distinct types of transposition: (i) obligatory transposition, and (ii) optional
transposition (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:88). The structure
shifts found in translating English text into Indonesian text belong to obligatory
transposition due to the difference of language structure.
13

Example:
1. Source Language : mechanical engineering (adjective)
Target Language : teknik mesin (noun)
2. Source Language : for the pursuit of happiness (noun)
Target Language : untuk mengejar kebahagiaan (verb)
3. Source Language : for good (adjective)
Target Language : untuk selamanya (adverb)
(Alzuhdy, 2014:189)
Procedure 5: Modulation
Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in
the oint of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even
transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered
unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and
Baker, 2000:89).
Example:
1. Source Language : You are going to have a child.
Target Language : Anda akan menjadi seorang bapak.
2. Source Language : I cut my finger.
Target Language : Jariku tersayat.
(Silalahi, 2009:83)
14

Procedure 6: Equivalence
We have repeatedly stressed that one and the same situation can be rendered
by two texts using completely different stylistic and structural methods. In such cases
we are dealing with the method which produces equivalent texts. In general, proverbs
are perfect examples of equivalences (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker,
2000:90).
Source Language : Killing two birds with one stone
Target Language : Menyelam sambil minum air
(Nababan, 1999:32)
The method of creating equivalences is also frequently applied to idioms. For
example, “To talk through one’s hat” and “as like as two peas” cannot be translated
by means of calque.
Procedure 7: Adaptation
With the seventh method we reach the extreme limit of translation: it is used
in those cases where the type of situation being referred to by the SL message is
unknown in the TL culture. In such cases translators have a new situation that can be
considered as being equivalent. Adaptation can, therefore, be described as a special
kind of equivalence, a situational equivalence (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and
Baker, 2000:91).
Example:
Source Language : as white as snow
Target Language : seputih kapas
(Silalahi, 2009:81)
15

2.4 Abstract
Wilkinson (1991) in The Scientist’s Handbook for Writing Papers and
Dissertation states that an abstract is a stand-alone statement that briefly conveys the
essential information of a paper, article, document or book; presents the objective,
methods, results, and conclusions of a research project; has a brief, non-repetitive
style.
Although an abstract appears as the first section of a paper, it should be written last.
You need to have completed all other sections before you can select and summarize
the essential information from those sections, an abstract involves boiling down the
essence of a whole paper into a single paragraph that conveys as much new
information as possible.
Many abstracts are published without the complete paper itself in abstract
journals or in online databases. Thus, an abstract might serve as the only means by
which a researcher determines what information a paper contains. Moreover, a
researcher might make a decision whether to read the paper or not based on the
abstract alone. Because of this need for self-contained compactness, an abstract must
convey the essential results of a paper.
According to Borko, Harold and Seymour Chatman (1963:149-160), there are
two types of abstracts: descriptive and informative. They have different aims, so as a
consequence they have different components and styles. There is also a third type
called critical, but it is rarely used.
16

Descriptive abstracts
A descriptive abstract indicates the type of information found in the work. It makes
no judgments about the work, nor does it provide results or conclusions of the
research. It does incorporate key words found in the text and may include the
purpose, methods, and scope of the research. Essentially, the descriptive abstract
describes the work being abstracted. Some people consider it an outline of the work,
rather than a summary. Descriptive abstracts are usually very short—100 words or
less.
Informative abstracts
The majority of abstracts are informative. While they still do not critique or evaluate
a work, they do more than describe it. An informative abstract includes the
information that can be found in a descriptive abstract (purpose, methods, scope) but
also includes the results and conclusions of the research and the recommendations of
the author. The length varies according to discipline, but an informative abstract is
rarely more than 10% of the length of the entire work. In the case of a longer work, it
may be much less.
2.5 Previous Research
Tesya Pratiwi in her thesis entittled Translation Technique In The Translation of
Lauren Kate’s Novel “Torment” Into Bahasa Indonesia “Tersiksa” By Fanny
Yuanita. The data which is used in her thesis is taken from Lauren Kate’s novel
“Torment” and the translation “Tersiksa” which is translated by Fanny Yuanita. The
dominant technique which appeared in text is 21,79 % sentences with literal
translation, then 18,58 % sentences with modulation, 18,58 % sentences with
17

transposition, 15,38 % sentences with calque, 15, 38 % sentences with equivalence,
and the last 12,17 % sentences with adaptation
Mei Shara Defani Nasution in her thesis in analyzing legal terms found the most
dominant procedure used in translating Indonesian Motor Vehicle Insurance is
transposition has the persentage with 26 occurences (42,62%), followed by literal
translation with 21 occurences (34,42%), borrowing with 9 occurences (14,75%),
equivalence with 3 occurences (4, 91%) and adaptation with 2 occurences (3, 27%).
Sari (2014) in her research “Translation Procedures Applied in Subtitling
English Idioms The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Movie into Indonesian” applied
Vinay and Darbelnet’s theory in analyzing translation procedures of the subtitle. The
result of the study shows that equivalence procedure is applied in 97.01% of the data,
adaptation procedure is applied in 2.24% of the data, and literal translation procedure
is applied in 0.75% of the data. The research also helps the writer in understanding
how to apply the translation procedures in the translated text.
The first up to the third studies help the writer in understanding how to apply the
translation procedures in the translated text. The previous research and the writer’s
research have similarity which is using Vinay and Darbernet’s theory in analyzing
translation techniques. Yet, they have difference in data and data resource.
18

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
3. 1 Research Method
In this study, qualitative method will be used because the data which is
analyzed is explained descriptively. The data to be analyzed are in the form of phrase
and clause. Djajasudarma (2006: 11) states, “Metodolog ikualitatif merupakan
prosedur yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa data tertulis atau lisan di
masyarakat bahasa”. (Qualitative methodology is a procedure that produces
descriptive data in the form of written or oral language in society). He also says,
“Data yang dikumpulkan bukanlah angka – angka, dapa tberupa kata – kata atau
gambaran sesuatu. Hal tersebut sebagai akibat dari metode kualitatif. Ciri ini
merupakan ciri yang sejalan dengan penamaan kualitatif. Deskripsi merupakan
gambaran ciri – ciri data secara akurat sesuai dengan sifat alamiah itu
sendiri.”(Djajasudarma, 2006:16). (The collected data is not numbers, it can be
words or description of something. This is as a result of qualitative methods. This
feature is consistent with the qualitative naming. Description is the accurate
overview of the data’s features itself)
3.2 Data and Source Data
The data are the sentences containing in the abstract of the students’ thesis of
Social Sciences and Political Faculty both in English and Bahasa Indonesia. The
source data used in this research are five abstracts from five departments of Social &
Political Sciences Faculty issued in 2017. The departments are Sociology, Politics,
19

Communication, Social Welfare and Administrasi Niaga/Bisnis. Source of data are
taken from the website of USU repository.usu.ac.id
3.3 Data Collecting Method
The method of the research applied is qualitative method, which is done by
applying the library research to get data or information related to the topic to support
the ideas. The source data are the abstracts taken from the website of USU
Repository repository.usu.ac.id. After reading the data, the data will be displayed and
analyzed as using content analysis.
3.4 Data Analysis Method
Three steps are applied in analyzing the data. Miles and Huberman (1994)
suggest that qualitative data analysis consists of three procedures, they are: (1) data
reduction, (2) data display, (3) Conclusion drawing/verification”.
First, the research started by collecting the data. Here, in this study the data
collection were done by reading the abstracts in Bahasa Indonesia and English. The
collected data were given a code, the source data are coded alphabetically and the
data are coded in numeral.
For example : 1a ( 1a is the senctence from the abstracts A)
Second, after collecting the data, reduction was done by reading the material
comprehensively and then identifying the sentences. Then the data were displayed. If
data collection and reduction have been done, conclusion and verification can be
made depending on the data display.
In analyzing the data, Vinay and Dalbernet theory(Venuti, 2000:84) was used
in order to find out the procedures applied in translating the abtracts.
20

3.5 Data Percentage
In order to support the research and find out the most dominant procedures of
translation applied in translating the abtracts, this research is applid a formula
referring to “Educational Statisctic”, Butler (1985). The following is the formula
calculating the percentage of the data.
Table 1 : Educational Statistic
x 100% =
X : Number of subcategory of kind of translation procedures
Y : Number of all data
N : The percentage of subcategory of translation procedures
21

CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Discussion
This chapter contains analysis and finding. There are five abstracts from five
departments. Every abstracts was coded alphabetically. The explanation of the data
analysis was presented in analysis section. Meanwhile, in finding section, the types
of translation procedure in thesis abstracts and dominant translation procedures used
in translating the thesis abstracts would be revealed orderly in a data sheet.
4.2 Analysis
In this chapter, the data are in a form of sentences which contain translation
procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti and Baker, 2000:84-93).
4.2.1 Identifying the Translation Procedures
After collecting the data, the next step is to identify the translation procedures
that are found in the thesis abstracts. The data identification is shown in the table
below:
Data A (An abstract from Politics department)
Table 2 : Data A Identification
Translation
No. Source Language Target Language
Procedure
Kegiatan manusia The human activity are Transposition
1a selalu membutuhkan always in need of
kepemimpinan. leadership
Semua organisasi All of organization Literal
apapun jenisnya pasti whatever its kind
memiliki dan exactly have and needs
2a
memerlukan seorang a supreme leader who
pimpinan tertinggiyang runs the leadership
harus menjalankan activity.
22

kegiatan
kepemimpinan.
Pemimpin adalah orang Equivalence
yang mampu A leader is a person
mempengaruhi serta who able to influence
3a membujuk pihak lain and persuade the other
agar melakukan people to do the thing
tindakan yang sesuai which he wants.
dengan keinginannya.
Kepemimpinan Literal
Militeristik . The Militeristics Calque
Otoritarian adalah Authoritarian
Kepemimpinan yang Leadership is a kind of
memadukan antara leadership which
kepemimpinan yang combined the
Militeristik dan militeristics leadership
Otoriter, yaitu and authoritarian
4a
kepemimpinan yang leadership, which is a
sifatnya banyak leadership that gives
memberi komando atau much of commandos or
perintah kepada orders to his
bawahannya, yang employees, which is
bersifat paksaan, serta coercive, and have an
memiliki kekuasaan absolute power.
yang bersifat absolut.
Saloth Sar dan Literal
Saloth Sar and
Soeharto adalah
Soeharto is an ex-
5a mantan pemimpin
leader of Cambodia
negara Kamboja dan
and Indonesia.
Indonesia.
Kedua tokoh ini Equivalence
memiliki pengaruh Both figures have big
yang sangat besar di influences in the
6a
negara dimana country which they
mereka memimpin ruled.
pada masa nya.
Literal
Kedua tokoh ini juga Modulation
dikenal sebagai
pemimpin yang sangat
Both of them was
keras dan kaku pada
known as a strict and
saat mereka
rigid leader when they
7a memimpin di
were ruled in
Kamboja dan
Cambodia and
Indonesia.
Indonesia.
23

Ini dapat dilihat dari Literal
peraturan-peraturan Modulation
This can be seen from
dan kebijakan-
the rules and policies
kebijakan yang mereka
8a which they applied in
terapkan di masing-
each countries when
masing negara pada
they were ruled.
saat mereka
memimpin.
Penelitian ini mencoba This research is trying Literal
untuk menjelaskan dan to explained and also
juga membandingkan to compared the
gaya kepemimpinan Militeristics
militeristik dan otoriter Authoritarian
9a yang dimiliki oleh leadership style who
Saloth Sar di Kamboja owned by Saloth Sar in
pada tahun 1975-1979 Cambodia in 1975-
dan Soeharto di 1979 and Soeharto in
Indonesia pada periode Indonesia in 1965-
1965-1970. 1970 period.
Penelitian ini adalah This kind of research is Literal
jenis penelitian a qualitative research
10a kualitatif dengan using the comparative
menggunakan metode method. This research
Perbandingan. is a library research.
Penelitian ini adalah Literal
This research is a
11a jenis penelitian studi
library research.
pustaka.
Sumber data yang Literal
The sources of data
digunakan dalam
which used in this
penelitian ini adalah
research are secondary
data sekunder, yang
data, which is obtained
diperoleh melalui
12a from the books,
buku-buku, situs
websites, journal, and
internet, jurnal, dan
others which related to
lainnya yang berkaitan
this research
dengan penelitian ini.
24

Data B (An abstract from Business Administration department)
Table 3 : Data B Identification
Transation
Procedure
Dalam pembangunan Literal
ekonomi, perubahan
In economic
kesejahteraan
development, changes
1b masyarakat merupakan
in public welfare are
bagian yang tidak
an inseparable part.
terpisahkan.
Hal ini dikarenakan Literal

pembangunan Its because economic
ekonomi dikatakan development called
2b berhasil jika tingkat successful if the level of
kesejahteraan public welfare is
masyarakat semakin getting higher.
baik.
Literal
Saat ini pembangunan Equivalence
bukan hanya diberikan
Nowdays, economic
oleh pemerintah,
development not only
namun perusahaan-
given by the
perusahaan yang
government but state
3b dikelola negeri
companies and private
maupun swasta juga
companies also
turut andil dalam
contribute in economic
melaksanakan program
development programs.
pembangunan
ekonomi.
Equivalence
Hal inilah yang It is the underlying

mendasari emergence of
4b
munculnya corporate corporate social
social responsibility. responsibility.
25

Tujuan dari penelitian Equivalence
ini adalah untuk
menganalisis
besarnya pengaruh
. The purpose of this
dari implementasi
research was to
corporate social
determine whether
responsibility PT.
there is influence from
Kawasan Industri
implementation of
Medan (Persero)
corporate social
terhadap kesejahteraan
5b responsibility PT.
masyarakat yang ada
Kawasan Industri
di Kelurahan
Medan (Persero) to
Tangkahan, Medan
public welfare on
Labuhan.
Kecamatan
Tangkahan, Medan
Labuhan.
Penelitian ini Equivalence

menggunakan metode Forms of this research
6b penelitian kuantitatif is associative with
dengan pendekatan quantitative approach.
asosiatif.
Metode pengumpulan Literal
data adalah dengan
Methods of data
menyebarkan
collection is
7b kuesioner, dan studi
byquestioner, and
kepustakaan.
literature study.
Jumlah sampel yang Literal

The number of samples
8b diteliti adalah 94
studied were 94 people.
orang.
Metode yang . The method used in Literal
digunakan dalam this study is a simple
penelitian ini adalah linear regression
analisis regresi linier analysis, and
9b sederhana, dan uji hypothesis testing
hipotesis yang terdiri which consists of a
dari koefisien coefficient of
determinasi dan uji determination and
parsial (uji t). partial test (t test).
Proses perhitungan The process of Literal
data menggunakan calculating the data
10b software statistic using statistical
yakniSPSS for software SPSS version
windows versi 21. 21 for windows.
26

Literal
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa
variabel implementasi The results showed that
corporate social the implementation of
responsibility secara corporate social
parsial, menunjukkan responsinility variable
t-hitung (5,383) > t- partial, shows thitung
tabel (1,986) dengan (5,383)> ttable (1,986)
sig. sebesar 0 yang with sig. amounted to
11b
berarti variabel 0, which means the
implementasi implementation of
corporate social corporate social
responsibility responsinility variable
berpengaruh positif is positive and
dan signifikan significant impact on
terhadap kesejahteraan public welfare.
masyarakat.
Analisis koefisien Literal

determinasi (R
Square)sebesar 0.240
yang berarti
Coefficient of
kesejahteraan
determination (R
masyarakat yang ada
Square) is 0.240 which
di Kelurahan
means that public
Tangkahan, Medan
welfare can be
Labuhan dapat
influenced by
dipengaruhi oleh
implementation of
implementasi
12b corporate social
corporate social
responsinility
responsibility PT.
amounted to 24% while
Kawasan Industri
the remaining 76% was
Medan (Persero)
influenced by other
sebesar 24%
factors not described in
sedangkan sisanya
this study.
76% dipengaruhi oleh
faktor lain yang tidak
dijelaskan dalam
penelitian ini.
27

Data C (An abstract from Communication department)
Table 4 : Data C Identification
Translation
Procedure
Penelitian ini berjudul Literal
Motif Ibu Rumah Borrowing
This research entitled
Tangga Menonton
Motive Housewife
Tayangan Sinetron
Watching Sinetron
(Studi Analisis
Impression (Study of
Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu
Descriptive Analysis
Rumah Tangga Di
1c of Housewife
Setia Budi Tanjung
Motivation In Setia
Sari Pasar 1 Medan
Budi Tanjung Sari
Dalam Menonton
Market 1 Medan In
Tayangan Sinetron).
Watching Sinetron
Impressions).
Tujuan penelitian ini Literal

The purpose of this
adalah untuk Borrowing
study is to determine
mengetahui motif Ibu
the motives of
Rumah Tangga di Setia
Housewives in Setia
2c Budi Tanjung Sari
Budi Tanjung Sari
Pasar 1 Medan dalam
Market 1 Medan in
Menonton Tayangan
Watching Sinetron
Sinetron.
Impressions.
Teori yang digunakan The theory used in this Literal
dalam penelitian ini research is Uses and Borrowing
3c adalah Uses and Gratification,
Gratification, Televisi, Television, Sinetron,
Sinetron, dan Motif. and Motif.
Penelitian ini bersifat Literal
This study is
deskriptif yang
descriptive in order to
bertujuan untuk
accurately describe
menggambarkan secara
the properties of a
tepat sifat – sifat suatu
particular individual,
individu, keadaan,
state, symptom, or
gejala, atau kelompok
group, or to determine
4c tertentu, atau untuk
the frequency or
menentukan frekuensi
spread of a symptom
atau penyebaran suatu
or the frequency of a
gejala atau frekuensi
particular relationship
adanya hubungan
between a symptom
tertentu antara suatu
and other symptoms in
gejala dengan gejala
society.
lain dalam masyarakat.
28

Populasi dalam Literal
The population in this
penelitian ini adalah
study were housewives
Ibu – ibu Rumah
at Setia Budi Tanjung
5c Tangga di Setia Budi
Sari Pasar 1 Medan
Tanjung Sari Pasar 1
which amounted to
Medan yang berjumlah
360 people.
360 orang.
Teknik penarikan The sampling Literal
sampel yang digunakan technique used is
adalah propotional propotional random
random sampling sampling taking 10%
6c
mengambil 10% dari of the total population
jumlah populasi yang which makes the
menjadikan populasi population amounted
berjumlah 67 orang. to 67 people.
Teknik pengumpulan Literal
Data collection
data yang digunakan
techniques used in this
dalam penelitian ini
7c study through two
melalui dua cara yaitu
ways: Field Research
Penelitian Lapangan
and Library Studies.
dan Studi Kepustakaan
Teknik analisis data Literal
Data analysis
yang digunakan adalah
8c technique used is
Analisis Tabel
Single Table Analysis.
Tunggal.
Literal
Borrowing
Menurut Nielsen According to Nielsen

perempuan menonton women watch the
9c sinetron paling lama longest sinetron on
rata – rata 3 jam 47 average 3 hours 47
menit. minutes.
Literal
Maka intensitas So the intensity of

responden dalam respondents in
10c menonton tayangan watching soap opera
sinetron berdasarkan impressions based on
persentase 50,7%. 50.7% percentage.
29

Angka tersebut Literal
The figure shows that
menunjukkan bahwa Borrowing
the intensity of
intensitas Ibu – ibu
housewives in
11c Rumah Tangga dalam
watching the Sinetron
menonton Tayangan
Impression is quite
Sinetron cukup tinggi.
high.
Data D (An abstract from Social Welfare department)
Table 5 : Data D Identification
Translation
Procedure
Literal
Pengemis penggendong
anak yang dimaksud The beggars involving
ialah orang yang children is the person
meminta-minta dan who begs and elicits the
1d
memelas belas kasihan mercy of others by
orang lain dengan cara carrying or carrying a
menggendong atau child.
membawa anak.
Literal
Pengemis yang
menggendong anak Beggars who carry a
dengan tujuan agar child in order to
dapat mempengaruhi influence and give birth
dan melahirkan to feelings of
2d perasaan iba bagi orang compassion for those
yang melihat, tak hanya who see, not only bring
membawa satu anak one child beggars and
pengemis ini bahkan some even bring two
ada yang membawa dua children.
orang anak.
Anak-anak ini diajak Equivalence

These children are
agar orang-orang
invited to make people
semakin kasihan
3d feel sorry for them
melihat mereka
when their mother is
padahal ibunya sangat
very healthy.
sehat.
30

Literal
Faktor ekonomi yang

The economically
kurang mampu
disadvantaged factors
merupakan faktor yang
are the most influencing
4d paling mempengaruhi
factors so that they
sehingga mereka
enter into the world of
mereka masuk ke dalam
begging.
dunia mengemis.
Literal
Metode yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini The method used in this
adalah penelitian research is explorative
eksploratif dengan research with
metode kualitatif yaitu qualitative method that
5d
dengan wawancara is by interview to 4
kepada 4 informan main informant 1 key
utama 1 informan kunci informant and 2
dan 6 informan additional informant.
tambahan.
The research was Literal

Penelitian dilaksanakan conducted at the Borrowing
6d
di lokasi sekitar Mesjid location of Mesjid
Agung Medan. Agung Medan.
Literal
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa
pengemis penggendong The results show that
anak membawa anak beggars bring their
7d dan cucu kandung children and
mereka untuk grandchildren to do
melakukan kegiatan begging activities.
mengemis.
31

Literal
Pengemis penggendong Beginner beggars who
anak yang melakukan perform activities in the
kegiatan di lokasi location of the Great
Mesjid Agung Medan Mosque of Medan has
8d memiliki anggapan the assumption that the
bahwa para jamaah pilgrims who will pray
yang akan sholat lebih more easily touched his
mudah tersentuh hatinya heart let alone see the
apalagi melihat anak children they brought.
yang dibawa mereka.
Pengunjung Mesjid Literal
Visitors of the Great
Agung Medan usianya
Mosque of Medan age
9d beragam mulai dari
range from young
muda-mudi sampai
people to parents.
orang tua.
Setiap kali mengemis di Literal
lokasi ini pengemis Every time begging at
penggendong anak bisa this location beggars
10d
mendapatkan sampai beggars can earn up to
uang empat puluh ribu forty thousand dollars.
rupiah.
Jumlah tersebut cukup Equivalence
untuk memenuhi The amount is enough
11d
kebutuhan hidup to meet their life needs.
mereka.
Apabila kondisi ini Literal
If this condition
diteruskan , maka akan Modulation
continues, it will result
berakibat pada
in widespread begging
maraknya praktek
practices that involve
12d mengemis yang
children and lead to the
melibatkan anak dan
mental decline of the
menjurus kepada
Indonesian nation.
merosotnya mental
bangsa Indonesia.
32

Data E (An abstracts from Sociology department)
Table 6 : Data E Identification
Translation
Procedure
Penelitian ini di latar Literal

belakangi oleh masalah
kberadaan wisata This research in the
kuliner membawak background by the
perubahan sosial problem of culinary
masyarakat dengan tourism bringing social
mendatangkan aktivitas change of society by
1e
wisata maka masyarakat bringing in tourism
dapat terlibat dalam activity hence society
suatu aktivitas yang can be involved in an
mengakibatkan activity that cause social
perubahan sosial terjadi. change happened.
Tidak hanya itu Not only that the visitors Literal

pengunjung yang pesat who rapidly bring
membawa pengaruh influence to the
bagi masyarakat sekitar surrounding community
karena Desa Bagan because the Village
Percut merupakan Desa Bagan Percut is a
2e
yang sebelumnya tidak village that previously
ada aktivitas wisata no tourism activities so
sehingga keberadaan that the existence of
wisata kuliner culinary tourism to
membawa masyarakat bring the community in
dalam suatu perubahan. a change.
Penelitian ini bertujuan Literal

This study aims to
untuk mengtahui
mengtahui social
perubahan sosial apa
changes what happens
saja yang terjadi pada
3e to the people of Bagan
masyarakat Desa Bagan
Percut Village related to
Percut terkait
the existence of culinary
keberadaan Wisata
Tour.
kuliner.
33

Literal
Penelitian ini mengguna

This research uses
metode kualitatif
qualitative method with
dengan jenis deskriptif
descriptive type and
dan adapun lokasi
while the research
4e penelitian yaitu Desa
location is Bagan
Bagan Percut
Percut Village Percut
Kecamatan Percut Sei
Sei Tuan District. Deli
Tuan Kab. Deli
Serdang.
Serdang.
Teknik pengambilan Literal

sampling yaitu dengan Sampling technique is
cara menentukan by determining its own
karakteristik sendiri characteristics
(purposive sampling) (purposive sampling)
dan teknik pengumpulan and data collection
5e
data yang dilakukan techniques conducted by
dengan menggunakan using primary data and
data primer dan data secondary data through
sekunder melalui observation, interview
observasi, wawancara and documentation.
dan dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian ini yaitu Literal

The result of this
masyarakat mengalami
research is the society Borrowing
perubahan sosial 1).
experiencing social
Hubungan Sosial
change 1). Social
Berdasarkan Azas
Relations Based on the
Kepentingan
Azas Interests 2) .The
2).Munculnya Konflik
Emergence of Conflict
3). Perubahan Pola
3). Changes in Behavior
6e Perilaku Menjadi Lebih
Behavior 4). Changes in
Giat 4). Perubahan Pola
Behavioral Patterns Be
Perilaku Menjadi
Individual 5). The
Individual 5).
Emergence of New
Munculnya Organisasi
Organizations 6).
Baru 6). Perubahan
Change Fashion Style
Gaya Busana 7).
7). People Know More
Masyarakat Lebih
Brand and Place of
Mengetahui Merk dan
Recreation.
Tempat Rekreasi.
34

4.2.2 Classifying and Analyzing The Data Based on The Translation Procedure
4.2.2.1 Borrowing
To overcome a lacuna, usually a metalinguistic one (e.g. new technical
process, an unknown concept), borrowing is the simplest of all translation methods.
For instance, in order to introduce the flavor of the source language (SL) culture into
a translation, foreign terms may be used, e.g. “dollars” and “party” from American
English, Mexican Spanish food names “tequila” and “tortillas” and so on. Some
well-established, mainly older borrowings are so widely used that they are no longer
considered as such and have become a part of the respective TL lexicon. In English
such words as “menu” and “hangar” are no longer considered to be borrowings. The
decision to borrow a SL word or expression for introducing an element of local
colour is a matter of style and consequently of the message (Vinay and Darbelnet, in
Venuti and Baker, 2000:85). The use of borrowing procedure can be found in:
Data no. 1c, 2c, 3c, 9c, 11c, 6d, 6e.

Total Data 7
Example 1: Data no. 1c
Source Language Target Language

Penelitian ini berjudul Motif Ibu Rumah This research entitled Motive Housewife
Tangga Menonton Tayangan Sinetron Watching Sinetron Impression (Study of
(Studi Analisis Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu Descriptive Analysis of Housewife
Rumah Tangga Di Setia Budi Tanjung Motivation In Setia Budi Tanjung Sari
Sari Pasar 1 Medan Dalam Menonton Market 1 Medan In Watching Sinetron
Tayangan Sinetron). Impressions).
From the data above, the translator absorbed the original term Sinetron from
the source language (Indonesia) to target language in the same lexic. The borrowing
does exist in this sentence proven that the translator does not utilize the other lexic
35

(word) to substitute the meaning of Sinetron. In English, Sinetron is translated into
Soap Opera, but in particular meaning, it will be interpreted differently. The word
Sinetron originally comes from Indonesia (Bahasa). That is to say, the translator still
use word Sinetron.
Example 2: Data no. 6d

Penelitian dilaksanakan di lokasi sekitar The research was conducted at the
Mesjid Agung Medan. location of Mesjid Agung Medan.
From the data above, the writer found that the translation product points that
the use of borrowing in the sentence. It is indicated by the borrowing word Mesjid
from the source language (Indonesia) to target language (English). Eventhough the
writer finds that there is another word in English to point Mesjid, that is to say
Mosque, but the translator chose the original form Mesjid because the translator
intended to refer a name of a Mosque, not to point a kind of building.
4.2.2.2 Calque
A calque is a special kind of borrowing whereby a language borrows an expression
form of another, but then translates literally each of its elements (Vinay and
Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:85). The use of calque procedure can be found
in:
Data no. 4a.

Total Data 1
36

Example 1: Data no. 4a

Kepemimpinan Militeristik
Otoritarian adalah Kepemimpinan yang . The Militeristics Authoritarian
memadukan antara kepemimpinan yang Leadership is a kind of leadership which
Militeristik dan Otoriter, yaitu combined the militeristics leadership and
kepemimpinan yang sifatnya banyak authoritarian leadership, which is a
memberi komando atau perintah kepada leadership that gives much of commandos
bawahannya, yang bersifat paksaan, serta or orders to his employees, which is
memiliki kekuasaan yang bersifat coercive, and have an absolute power.
absolut.
From the data above, the writer found from the translation product to use
Calque. It is indicated that there is a language borrows an expression form of
another, but then translates literally each of its elements. It refers to structural calque
whereby there is a partial borrowing that adjusted into target language based
pronounciation. It is particularly happened in phrase Militeristik Otoritarian to
Militaristics Authoritarian. The structure is same, but the writing form is genuinely
adjusted.
4.2.2.3 Literal Translation
Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a
grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which he translators’ task is
limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL (Vinay and
Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:86). The use of literal procedure can be found
in:
Data no. 2a, 4a, 5a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 7b, 8b, 9b, 10b, 11b,
12b, 1c, 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c, 6c, 7c, 8c, 9c, 11c, 1d, 2d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 7d, 8d,
9d, 10d, 12d, 1e, 2e, 3e, 4e, 5e, 6e.
Total Data 44
37

Example 1: Data no. 10b

Proses perhitungan data menggunakan The process of calculating the data using
software statistic yakni SPSS for statistical software SPSS version 21 for
windows versi 21. windows.
From the data above, the writer found that there is a usage of Literal
Translation in the sentence. Especially in the sentence Proses perhitungan data
menggunakan into The Process of calculating the data using. The syntactic form is
same, in which consists of subject, predicate related its order.
Example 2: Data no. 8b

Jumlah sampel yang diteliti adalah 94 The number of samples studied were 94
orang. people.
In the example above, the sentences are translated directly from the source
language and follow closely the form of the source language. The syntactic form
does not change at all, either the passive form, the component of word elements
(noun, adejctive, verb). In this sentence, the translator used the literal translation as a
whole, because it originally does not need any adjustments.
4.2.2.4 Transposition
The method called transposition involves replacing one word class with
another without hanging the meaning of the message. In translation there are two
distinct types of transposition: (i) obligatory transposition, and (ii) optional
transposition (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:88). The structure
shifts found in translating English text into Indonesian text belong to obligatory
38

transposition due to the difference of language structure. The use of transposition
procedure can be found in:
Data no. 1a.

Total Data 1

Kegiatan manusia selalu membutuhkan The human activity are always in need of
kepemimpinan. leadership
From the data above, the writer found that there is a usage of transposition
especially in word Membutuhkan in source language (Indonesian) with its meaning
as verb. However, in the target language (English) it is changed into in need of as a
noun phrase without any meaning changing from the source language into target
language. So in this case, the word class is shifted from verb into noun phrase.
4.2.2.5 Modulation
Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in
the point of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even
transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered
unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and
Baker, 2000:89).
The use of modulation procedure can be found in:
Data no. 7a, 8a, 12d.

Total Data 3
39


Ini dapat dilihat dari peraturan-peraturan
This can be seen from the rules and
dan kebijakan-kebijakan yang mereka
policies which they applied in each
terapkan di masing-masing negara pada
countries when they were ruled.
saat mereka memimpin.
In the data above, the change of point of view can be seen from the clause
‘pada saat mereka memimpin’ that is translated into ‘when they were ruled’. In the
source language (Indonesian) the writer found that the sentence is in active form
which it contains active verb that is to say Memimpin. However, in the target
language (English) the writer found that the sentence is changed into passive form. In
this case, the point of view in both sentence is different.

Apabila kondisi ini diteruskan , maka If this condition continues, it will result
akan berakibat pada maraknya praktek in widespread begging practices that
mengemis yang melibatkan anak dan involve children and lead to the mental
menjurus kepada merosotnya mental decline of the Indonesian nation.
bangsa Indonesia.
From the data above, the writer found that there is a modulation process
happened. In this case in source language (Indonesian) in the partial sentence Kondisi
ini diteruskan is identified as a passive form. On the other hand, in target language
(English), the form is changed into active form with the active verb. In this case, the
point of view in both sentence is different.
40

4.2.2.6 Equivalence
We have repeatedly stressed that one and the same situation can be rendered
by two texts using completely different stylistic and structural methods. In such cases
we are dealing with the method which produces equivalent texts (Vinay and
Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:90). The method of creating equivalences is
also frequently applied to idioms. For example, “To talk through one’s hat” and “as
like as two peas” cannot be translated by means of calque. The use of equivalence
procedure can be found in:
Data no. 3a, 6a, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 3d, 11d.
Total Data 8

Jumlah tersebut cukup untuk memenuhi The amount is enough to meet their life
kebutuhan hidup mereka. needs.
In example 1, the translator uses completely different stylistic and structural
methods in translating ‘untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka’ and ‘to meet their
life needs.’ into the target language. This is because if the words are to be translated
by following the structure of the source language, it will result in inappropriate
meaning. It uses the contextual noun to be defined naturally in target language.
41


Anak-anak ini diajak agar orang-orang These children are invited to make
semakin kasihan melihat mereka people feel sorry for them when their
padahal ibunya sangat sehat. mother is very healthy.
From the data above, the writer found that there is a modulation happened in
a part of a sentence especially in agar orang-orang semakin kasihan melihat mereka
into “to make people feel sorry for them”. It is related to the culture in target
language. While notably in source language there is no predicate to explain about the
word event. It is contrary different in culture of target language which puts predicate
(verb) as an essential part in a sentence. Therefore, the translator uses equivalence
process to make the translation procedure sounds natural.
4.2.2.7 Adaptation
The writer does not find any data related to the Adaptation procedure of
translation.
4.3 Data Findings
After analysis the data, the writer acknowledge that there are 44 cases of
literal translation, 8 cases of equivalence, 7 cases for borrowing, 3 cases for
modulation, 1 case for Calque and 1 case of transposition which are presented in the
data analysis to determine which translation procedure used in the various sentences
in thesis abstracts. There are no cases of adaptation found from the data which are
analyzed. The writer uses “educational statistic’ Butler (1985) to count the
percentage of each procedure. Therefore, by virtue of the calculation, the writer
42

intends to emphasize that the problem to identify translation procedures used in the
translation of the students’ abstracts.
The table below shows the percentage of the translation procedures found in
the data, to answer the second problem in this research.
Table 7 : Table of Translation Procedures in Thesis Abstracts
Total Data
No. Translation Procedures
Number Percentage
1 Literal 44 68,75 %
2 Equivalence 8 12,5 %
3 Borrowing 7 10,93 %
4 Modulation 3 4,68 %
5 Calque 1 1,56 %
6 Transposition 1 1,56 %
From the table above, it indicates the dominant translation procedure used by
the translator is Literal translation whereby literal translation is to translate word or
an expression word for word. In particular, the literal translation is appropriate to
apply, however in the translation procedure, the variation of translation procedure
should be able to maximize the quality of a translation product. There are some
factors that influence on how a translation doer predominantly applies one particular
procedure. Especially, in this case Literal translation is a dominant used-procedure
which has reached 68,75% meaning that it covers more than 50% or half of total
sentences on several abstracts as data by majority of the translator of the thesis
abstratcs in Social and Political Science Faculty.
43

There are so many assumptions of the writer to identify why the dominant
translation procedure used in majority of thesis abstract. Firsly, it is possible that the
translator is biased with the source language’s form and syntactical format. Secondly,
the translator predominantly only concerned with a single translation procedure that
the translator mastered. Thirdly, there is a particular reason related to the translator
does not master in advance other procedures that makes the majority of translation
procedure only utilized the literal translation. Forthly, it is possible that the translator
is quite unfamiliar with the target language that is to make the cultural translation
does not run naturally.
The writer acknowledge that from the background of the translator of thesis
abstracts of Social and Political Science Faculty, it refers to the capability of the
students in English competency and moreover the limited understanding of
translation material given to them in matrix of curriculum. On the other hand, the
writer acknowldege that the result of English translation on students’ abstracts of
Social and Political Science Faculty show that there is a tendency of unawareness of
students to quality of translation that is crucial enough to influence the perseption of
the reader to a scientific research through observing abstracts to begin with.
44

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
After doing the whole analysis of the thesis abstracts of Social and Political
Sciences Faculty and its translation, it can be concluded that:
1. There are six translation procedures applied out of seven translation
procedures by Vinay and Dalbernet. The six translation procedures are
borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, and
equivalence. Whereas adaptation is found in none of the text.
2. The most dominant procedure used in translated thesis abstracts of Social and
Political Sciences faculty is Literal Translation with 44 occurrences
(68,75%), followed by equivalence with 8 occurrences (12,5%), borrowing
with 7 occurrences (10,93%), modulation with 3 occurrences (4,68%),
transposition with 1 occurrence (1,56%) and calque with 1 occurrence
(1,56%).
5.2 Suggestion
After conducting the study, the writer would like to give some suggestions for
translating Bahasa Indonesia into English. As translation is an effort of finding
equivalent meaning of a text into the target language, a good translator should be
familiar with the culture, history and beliefs not only of the language he speaks but
also the source language he would translate into his own language in order to avoid
45

misinterpretation in conveying meaning. Knowing how to speak two languages is not
the same thing as knowing how to translate. There are rules and cultural differences
to be considered in both languages. Looking at the result of the assessment, the
writer suggests to make improvement to the translation of the book into Bahasa
Indonesia so that it can be more easily understood by the intended readers.
The writer acknowldege that the thesis abstract is one of the most essential
past in writing scientific research (thesis). It foresees the whole content of the
research in brief and complex content. It also attracts the readers to see and knowing
more about one particular scientific research. Especially, the scientific research
nowadays has been internationally published in network references. So, the writer
really concerns on how effective a translation in thesis abstract to give right
understanding about a research to anticipate any misunderstanding.
The writer also wants to suggest that translation subject in this department
can be taught more specifically because there are many subjects in this field that can
be translate such as; legal document, medical journal, economical journal, etc. So, we
have to know more about translation procedures, translation techniques, translation
method and so on. Finally, the writer expect that this research can make a good
awareness to translation and this research can make contribution to further research.
46

REFERENCES
Bell, R. T. 1991. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. New York:
Longman.
Benjamins, J. 2006. Translation Studies at the Interface of Disciplines.

Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Borko, H. and Seymour. C. 1963. "Criteria for Acceptable Abstracts: A Survey of

Abstracters' Instructions." American Documentation (149-160) Chapel Hill:
The Writing Center. University of North Carolina;
Bull, V. 2008. Oxford: Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University

Press.
Catford, J. C. 1965. A Linguistik Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University

Press.
Crystal. D. 1987.The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge: Cambridge

University.
Day. R. A. 1998. How to Write Published and A Scientific Paper. Phoenix : The
Oryx Press
Djajasudarma, Hj. T. F. 2006. Metode Linguistik: Ancangan Metode Penelitian dan

Kajian. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
Hatim, B. 2001. Teaching and researching translation. Harlow: Pearson Education.

Houghton. B. 1975. Scientific Periodicals: Their Historical Development,
Characteristics, and Control. Hamden : Shoe String Press.
Larson, M. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation. New York : University Press of

America, Inc.
Miles, M. B. and Huberman A. M. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods
Sourcebook. London : Sage.
Muchtar, M. 2013. Penerjemahan :Teori, Praktik, danKajian. Medan: Bartong Jaya.

Munday, J. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications.
London: Routledge
Newmark, P. 1984. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall
Nida, E., and Charles T. 1974. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden:
E.J.Brill.
47

Pratiwi, T. 2015. Translation Technique In The Translation of Lauren Kate’s Novel
“Torment” Into Bahasa Indonesia “Tersiksa” By Fanny Yuanita. Medan :
Universitas Sumatera Utara (Unpublished)
Sari, W. V. 2014. Translation Procedures Applied in Subtitling English Idioms in

“The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” Movie into Indonesian. Medan:
Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU (Unpublished)
Simatupang, M. D. S. 1992. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Jakarta: Departement

Pendidikan Nasional.
Venutti, L. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
Vinay, J.-P., & Darbelnet, J. 1958/2000. A Methodology for Translation. [An excerpt
from Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for
Translation, trans. and eds. J. C. Sager & M.-J. Hamel, Amsterdam: John
Benjamins, 1995, first published in 1958 as Stylistique comparée du français et
de l’anglais. Méthode de traduction] In L. Venuti (Ed.), The Translation
Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
Wilkinson. A.M. 1991. The Scientist's Handbook for Writing Papers and
Dissertations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall
April 6, 2011. Summaries and Abstracts. Retrieved from

https://coursedev.umuc.edu/WRTG999A/chapter3/ch3-14.html (September 21,
2017)
October, 1997. How to Write an Abstract. Retrieved from

https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/essays/abstract.html (September 21, 2017)
2017. Repository Students Paper. Retrieved from
http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/92 (October 5, 2017)
48

APPENDICES
Data A
Kegiatan manusia selalu

The human activity are
1a membutuhkan
always in need of leadership
kepemimpinan.
Semua organisasi apapun

jenisnya pasti memiliki dan All of organization whatever
memerlukan seorang its kind exactly have and
2a
pimpinan tertinggiyang needs a supreme leader who
harus menjalankan kegiatan runs the leadership activity.
kepemimpinan.
Pemimpin adalah orang yang

A leader is a person who
mampu mempengaruhi serta
able to influence and
3a membujuk pihak lain agar
persuade the other people to
melakukan tindakan yang
do the thing which he wants.
sesuai dengan keinginannya.
viii

Kepemimpinan Militeristik
Otoritarian adalah . The Militeristics
Kepemimpinan yang Authoritarian Leadership is
memadukan antara a kind of leadership which
kepemimpinan yang combined the militeristics
Militeristik dan Otoriter, leadership and authoritarian
4a yaitu kepemimpinan yang leadership, which is a
sifatnya banyak memberi leadership that gives much of
komando atau perintah commandos or orders to his
kepada bawahannya, yang employees, which is
bersifat paksaan, serta coercive, and have an
memiliki kekuasaan yang absolute power.
bersifat absolut.
Saloth Sar dan Soeharto

Saloth Sar and Soeharto is
adalah mantan pemimpin
5a an ex-leader of Cambodia
negara Kamboja dan
and Indonesia.
Indonesia.
Both figures have big
influences in the country
Kedua tokoh ini memiliki
which they ruled. Both of
pengaruh yang sangat besar
6a them was known as a strict
di negara dimana mereka
and rigid leader when they
memimpin pada masa nya.
were ruled in Cambodia and
Indonesia.
Kedua tokoh ini juga dikenal
Both of them was known as a
sebagai pemimpin yang
strict and rigid leader when
7a sangat keras dan kaku pada
they were ruled in Cambodia
saat mereka memimpin di
and Indonesia.
Kamboja dan Indonesia.
Ini dapat dilihat dari
peraturan-peraturan dan This can be seen from the
kebijakan-kebijakan yang rules and policies which they
8a
mereka terapkan di masing- applied in each countries
masing negara pada saat when they were ruled.
mereka memimpin.
Penelitian ini mencoba untuk This research is trying to
9a menjelaskan dan juga explained and also to
membandingkan gaya compared the Militeristics
ix

kepemimpinan militeristik Authoritarian leadership
dan otoriter yang dimiliki style who owned by Saloth
oleh Saloth Sar di Kamboja Sar in Cambodia in 1975-
pada tahun 1975-1979 dan 1979 and Soeharto in
Soeharto di Indonesia pada Indonesia in 1965-1970
periode 1965-1970. period.
This kind of research is a
Penelitian ini adalah jenis
qualitative research using
penelitian kualitatif dengan
10a the comparative method.
menggunakan metode
This research is a library
Perbandingan.
research.
Penelitian ini adalah jenis This research is a library
11a
penelitian studi pustaka. research.
Sumber data yang digunakan The sources of data which
dalam penelitian ini adalah used in this research are
data sekunder, yang secondary data, which is
12a diperoleh melalui buku- obtained from the books,
buku, situs internet, jurnal, websites, journal, and others
dan lainnya yang berkaitan which related to this
dengan penelitian ini research
Data B

Dalam pembangunan
ekonomi, perubahan In economic
kesejahteraan development, changes in
1b
masyarakat merupakan public welfare are an
bagian yang tidak inseparable part.
terpisahkan.
Hal ini dikarenakan
Its because economic
pembangunan ekonomi
development called
dikatakan berhasil jika
2b successful if the level of
tingkat kesejahteraan
public welfare is getting
masyarakat semakin
higher.
baik.
Saat ini pembangunan
bukan hanya diberikan Nowdays, economic
oleh pemerintah, namun development not only
perusahaan-perusahaan given by the government
3b yang dikelola negeri but state companies and
maupun swasta juga private companies also
turut andil dalam contribute in economic
melaksanakan program development programs.
pembangunan ekonomi.
Hal inilah yang It is the underlying
4b
mendasari munculnya emergence of corporate

corporate social social responsibility.
responsibility.
Tujuan dari penelitian . The purpose of this
ini adalah untuk research was to
menganalisis besarnya determine whether there
pengaruh dari is influence from
implementasi corporate implementation of
social responsibility PT. corporate social
5b
Kawasan Industri responsibility PT.
Medan (Persero) Kawasan Industri
terhadap kesejahteraan Medan (Persero) to
masyarakat yang ada di public welfare on
Kelurahan Tangkahan, Kecamatan Tangkahan,
Medan Labuhan. Medan Labuhan.
Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode Forms of this research
6b penelitian kuantitatif is associative with
dengan pendekatan quantitative approach.
asosiatif.
Metode pengumpulan Methods of data
data adalah dengan collection is
7b
menyebarkan kuesioner, byquestioner, and
dan studi kepustakaan. literature study.
Jumlah sampel yang The number of samples
8b
diteliti adalah 94 orang. studied were 94 people.
Metode yang digunakan . The method used in
dalam penelitian ini this study is a simple
adalah analisis regresi linear regression
linier sederhana, dan uji analysis, and hypothesis
9b
hipotesis yang terdiri testing which consists of
dari koefisien a coefficient of
determinasi dan uji determination and
parsial (uji t). partial test (t test).
The process of
Proses perhitungan data
calculating the data
menggunakan software
10b using statistical
statistic yakniSPSS for
software SPSS version
windows versi 21.
21 for windows.
Hasil penelitian The results showed that
menunjukkan bahwa the implementation of
variabel implementasi corporate social
corporate social responsinility variable
responsibility secara partial, shows thitung
11b
parsial, menunjukkan t- (5,383)> ttable (1,986)
hitung (5,383) > t-tabel with sig. amounted to 0,
(1,986) dengan sig. which means the
sebesar 0 yang berarti implementation of
variabel implementasi corporate social
xi

corporate social responsinility variable is
responsibility positive and significant
berpengaruh positif dan impact on public
signifikan terhadap welfare.
kesejahteraan
masyarakat.
Analisis koefisien
determinasi (R
Square)sebesar 0.240
Coefficient of
yang berarti
determination (R
kesejahteraan
Square) is 0.240 which
masyarakat yang ada di
means that public
Kelurahan Tangkahan,
welfare can be
Medan Labuhan dapat
influenced by
dipengaruhi oleh
implementation of
implementasi corporate
12b corporate social
social responsibility PT.
responsinility amounted
Kawasan Industri
to 24% while the
Medan (Persero)
remaining 76% was
sebesar 24% sedangkan
influenced by other
sisanya 76%
factors not described in
dipengaruhi oleh faktor
this study.
lain yang tidak
dijelaskan dalam
penelitian ini.
Data C

Penelitian ini berjudul
This research entitled
Motif Ibu Rumah
Motive Housewife
Tangga Menonton
Watching Sinetron
Tayangan Sinetron
Impression (Study of
(Studi Analisis
Descriptive Analysis of
1c Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu
Housewife Motivation
Rumah Tangga Di Setia
In Setia Budi Tanjung
Budi Tanjung Sari Pasar
Sari Market 1 Medan In
1 Medan Dalam
Watching Sinetron
Menonton Tayangan
Impressions).
Sinetron).
Tujuan penelitian ini The purpose of this
adalah untuk study is to determine
mengetahui motif Ibu the motives of
2c
Rumah Tangga di Setia Housewives in Setia
Budi Tanjung Sari Pasar Budi Tanjung Sari
1 Medan dalam Market 1 Medan in
xii

Menonton Tayangan Watching Sinetron
Sinetron. Impressions.
Teori yang digunakan The theory used in this
dalam penelitian ini research is Uses and
3c adalah Uses and Gratification,
Gratification, Televisi, Television, Sinetron,
Sinetron, dan Motif. and Motif.
Penelitian ini bersifat

This study is descriptive
deskriptif yang
in order to accurately
bertujuan untuk
describe the properties
menggambarkan secara
of a particular
tepat sifat – sifat suatu
individual, state,
individu, keadaan,
symptom, or group, or
gejala, atau kelompok
to determine the
4c tertentu, atau untuk
frequency or spread of
menentukan frekuensi
a symptom or the
atau penyebaran suatu
frequency of a
gejala atau frekuensi
particular relationship
adanya hubungan
between a symptom and
tertentu antara suatu
other symptoms in
gejala dengan gejala
society.
lain dalam masyarakat.
Populasi dalam The population in this

penelitian ini adalah Ibu study were housewives
– ibu Rumah Tangga di at Setia Budi Tanjung
5c
Setia Budi Tanjung Sari Sari Pasar 1 Medan
Pasar 1 Medan yang which amounted to 360
berjumlah 360 orang. people.
Teknik penarikan
The sampling technique
sampel yang digunakan
used is propotional
adalah propotional
random sampling
random sampling
6c taking 10% of the total
mengambil 10% dari
population which
jumlah populasi yang
makes the population
menjadikan populasi
amounted to 67 people.
berjumlah 67 orang.
Teknik pengumpulan
Data collection
data yang digunakan
techniques used in this
7c study through two
melalui dua cara yaitu
ways: Field Research
Penelitian Lapangan
and Library Studies.
dan Studi Kepustakaan
Teknik analisis data Data analysis technique
8c
yang digunakan adalah used is Single Table
xiii

Analisis Tabel Tunggal. Analysis.
Menurut Nielsen According to Nielsen
perempuan menonton women watch the
9c sinetron paling lama longest sinetron on
rata – rata 3 jam 47 average 3 hours 47
menit. minutes.
Maka intensitas So the intensity of
responden dalam respondents in
10c menonton tayangan watching soap opera
sinetron berdasarkan impressions based on
persentase 50,7%. 50.7% percentage.
Angka tersebut
menunjukkan bahwa The figure shows that
intensitas Ibu – ibu the intensity of
11c Rumah Tangga dalam housewives in watching
menonton Tayangan the Sinetron Impression
Sinetron cukup tinggi. is quite high.
Data D

anak yang dimaksud The beggars involving
ialah orang yang children is the person
meminta-minta dan who begs and elicits the
1d
memelas belas kasihan mercy of others by
orang lain dengan cara carrying or carrying a
menggendong atau child.
membawa anak.
Pengemis yang
menggendong anak
Beggars who carry a
dengan tujuan agar dapat
child in order to
mempengaruhi dan
influence and give birth
melahirkan perasaan iba
to feelings of compassion
2d bagi orang yang melihat,
for those who see, not
tak hanya membawa satu
only bring one child
anak pengemis ini
beggars and some even
bahkan ada yang
bring two children.
membawa dua orang
anak.
Anak-anak ini diajak agar These children are
orang-orang semakin invited to make people
3d kasihan melihat mereka feel sorry for them when
padahal ibunya sangat their mother is very
sehat. healthy.
xiv

Faktor ekonomi yang
The economically
kurang mampu
disadvantaged factors
merupakan faktor yang
are the most influencing
4d paling mempengaruhi
factors so that they enter
sehingga mereka mereka
into the world of
masuk ke dalam dunia
begging.
mengemis.
Metode yang digunakan

The method used in this
research is explorative
adalah penelitian
research with qualitative
eksploratif dengan
method that is by
5d metode kualitatif yaitu
interview to 4 main
dengan wawancara
informant 1 key
kepada 4 informan utama
informant and 2
1 informan kunci dan 6
additional informant.
informan tambahan.
Penelitian dilaksanakan The research was
6d di lokasi sekitar Mesjid conducted at the location
Agung Medan. of Mesjid Agung Medan.
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa The results show that
pengemis penggendong beggars bring their
7d anak membawa anak dan children and
cucu kandung mereka grandchildren to do
untuk melakukan begging activities.
kegiatan mengemis.
Beginner beggars who
perform activities in the
location of the Great
Mosque of Medan has the
anak yang melakukan
assumption that the
kegiatan di lokasi Mesjid
pilgrims who will pray
Agung Medan memiliki
more easily touched his
anggapan bahwa para
8d heart let alone see the
jamaah yang akan sholat
children they brought.
lebih mudah tersentuh
hatinya apalagi melihat
anak yang dibawa
mereka.
Pengunjung Mesjid Visitors of the Great

9d
Agung Medan usianya Mosque of Medan age
xv

beragam mulai dari range from young people
muda-mudi sampai orang to parents.
tua.
Setiap kali mengemis di
lokasi ini pengemis Every time begging at
penggendong anak bisa this location beggars
10d
mendapatkan sampai beggars can earn up to
uang empat puluh ribu forty thousand dollars.
rupiah.
Jumlah tersebut cukup
The amount is enough to
11d untuk memenuhi
meet their life needs.
kebutuhan hidup mereka.
Apabila kondisi ini If this condition
diteruskan , maka akan continues, it will result in
berakibat pada maraknya widespread begging
praktek mengemis yang practices that involve
12d
melibatkan anak dan children and lead to the
menjurus kepada mental decline of the
merosotnya mental Indonesian nation.
bangsa Indonesia.
Data E
Penelitian ini di latar

This research in the
belakangi oleh masalah
background by the
kberadaan wisata kuliner
problem of culinary
membawak perubahan
tourism bringing social
sosial masyarakat dengan
change of society by
1e mendatangkan aktivitas
bringing in tourism
wisata maka masyarakat
activity hence society can
dapat terlibat dalam suatu
be involved in an activity
aktivitas yang
that cause social change
mengakibatkan
happened.
perubahan sosial terjadi.
Tidak hanya itu

Not only that the visitors
pengunjung yang pesat
who rapidly bring
membawa pengaruh bagi
influence to the
masyarakat sekitar karena
surrounding community
Desa Bagan Percut
2e because the Village
merupakan Desa yang
Bagan Percut is a village
sebelumnya tidak ada
that previously no
aktivitas wisata sehingga
tourism activities so that
keberadaan wisata
the existence of culinary
kuliner membawa
tourism to bring the
masyarakat dalam suatu
xvi

perubahan. community in a change.
Penelitian ini bertujuan This study aims to

untuk mengtahui mengtahui social changes
perubahan sosial apa saja what happens to the
3e yang terjadi pada people of Bagan Percut
masyarakat Desa Bagan Village related to the
Percut terkait keberadaan existence of culinary
Wisata kuliner. Tour.
Penelitian ini mengguna This research uses

metode kualitatif dengan qualitative method with
jenis deskriptif dan descriptive type and
4e adapun lokasi penelitian while the research
yaitu Desa Bagan Percut location is Bagan Percut
Kecamatan Percut Sei Village Percut Sei Tuan
Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang. District. Deli Serdang.
Teknik pengambilan
sampling yaitu dengan Sampling technique is by
cara menentukan determining its own
karakteristik sendiri characteristics
(purposive sampling) dan (purposive sampling) and
teknik pengumpulan data data collection
5e
yang dilakukan dengan techniques conducted by
menggunakan data using primary data and
primer dan data sekunder secondary data through
melalui observasi, observation, interview
wawancara dan and documentation.
dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian ini yaitu The result of this

masyarakat mengalami research is the society
perubahan sosial 1). experiencing social
Hubungan Sosial change 1). Social
Berdasarkan Azas Relations Based on the
Kepentingan Azas Interests 2) .The
2).Munculnya Konflik 3). Emergence of Conflict 3).
Perubahan Pola Perilaku Changes in Behavior
6e Menjadi Lebih Giat 4). Behavior 4). Changes in
Perubahan Pola Perilaku Behavioral Patterns Be
Menjadi Individual 5). Individual 5). The
Munculnya Organisasi Emergence of New
Baru 6). Perubahan Gaya Organizations 6). Change
Busana 7). Masyarakat Fashion Style 7). People
Lebih Mengetahui Merk Know More Brand and
dan Tempat Rekreasi. Place of Recreation.
xvii

An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Repositori Institusi USU http://repositori.usu.ac.id

An Analysis of Translation Procedures

THESIS ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND

REG. NO. 130705028

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

REG. NO: 130705028

Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A Dr. Rudy Sofyan, M.Hum.

NIP. 19511013 197603 1 002 NIP. 19721113 200501 1 010

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Dr. Deliana, M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A.Ph. D

NIP. 19571117 198303 2 001 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S

NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D

Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.D.

Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

I, MUHAMMAD REZA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF

THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF

THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED

ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A

THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER

DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT

DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.

THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF

ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Date : February 9th 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

NAME : MUHAMMAD REZA

TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Date : February 9th, 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, the writer would like to thank and praise Allah

Studies University of Sumatera Utara.

facilities and opportunities given to the writer during the stufy.

Special thanks to my parents Alm. Azhar and Ernawati Nasution, my lovley

the writer’s study in the university.

Wisdua 2018 : Agung, Husna, Dyla, Putri, Iin.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Medan, February 9th 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

The thesis entitled ‘An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis

Keywords : thesis abstracts, literal, translation procedures

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Skripsi yang berjudul ‘An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis

Kata kunci: abstrak skripsi, literal, prosedur terjemahan