David Bohlke has been involved in ELT (English Language Teaching) since 1987.

He has taught to all

groups in multiple countries in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. As an editor he has worked on some of
the most successful course books on the market. He frequently speaks at international conferences and
conducts teacher-training sessions around the world. 

David concentrates on writing fun, friendly, and easy to use learning materials for a variety of
international publishers. His areas of interest and specialization include teaching speaking, teaching
reading, cooperative learning, and video-based instruction. David holds an MA in Applied
Linguistics/TESOL from Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. He is currently based in Singapore.

https://www.amazon.com/David-Bohlke/e/B00NG65ZU0

My Model of Speech Communication

Message – The speech
Internal – Anything going on in the mind that distracts the person
Speaker – Knowledgeable, Credible, Delivery skills, comes w/ a
purpose (goal setting)

Listener - Person listening to the speech

Purpose (important to match up w/ purpose of the speaker)

Feedback -
Direct- verbal expressions during speech
Indirect- non-verbal expressions during speech
Delayed- get after the speech is done
Interference – Anything that the distracts the speaker from delivering
the message effectively to the audience

External– Anything the environment that distracts the person

Channel – Method or way the message is delivered from speaker to
listener (verbal, visual/speaker, pictorial/visual aids,
paralinguistic/tone)
Constraints – Anything that distracts the listener from effectively
listening to the speech
https://www.studyblue.com/?
closeForm=false#flashcard/view/4771697

How the Pyramids were Built

The pyramid blocks were

hewn from quarries using
stone and copper tools.
There are examples of
each stage of block
extraction at existing
ancient quarries. Granite
was quarried using
pounding stones dolerite, some of which have been found
laying about the quarries. The blocks were transported to the
pyramid site from remote quarries using barges, and from local
quarries using wooden sleds. The Egyptians did not use the
wheel during the Pyramid Age, an invention that would have
been of limited used on softer ground under heavy loads. The
sleds were dragged manually, sometimes with the help f beasts
of burden, over smoothed roads. Some of the existing
pathways were equipped with transverse wooden beams to
lend support to the sled. A lubricant may have been poured
upon the road to reduce friction.

How the massive blocks were raised to the height of the rising
pyramid is not understood for certain. Earthen ramps were
used at least in the initial stages of construction. Extant ramps
have been found at the pyramids of Amenemhat I and
Senwosret I at Lisht, as well as at several other sites. Traces of
disassembled ramps at pyramid sites are even more common.
The ramps were made of brick or earth and rubble dressed with
brick for strength. They were build up as the pyramid
progressed upward, and removed as the pyramid was finished
downward.
The ramps likely took the form of an inclined plane at the
beginning of work, but the configuration in late stages has long
been matter of conjecture. Some Egyptologists propose a
straight, gently sloping, linear ramp, some propose a steep
staircase ramp, and others propose ramp that spiraled up the
four sides of the pyramids. In most ramp scenarios, the volume
of the ramp exceeds the volume of the pyramid structure itself,
raising the possibility the stones of the upper reaches were
placed using levers, or perhaps a modified ramp of someone
sort.
But whatever the configuration of the ramps, fact remains that
the Egyptians successfully completed the most massive building
projects on all of history. There is nothing magical or
supernatural in the means by which they achieved their goals.
By all indications, they retained their knowledge of construction
throughout their history, but they were limited after the Fourth
Dynasty not by the lack of technology but rather by the lack of
the abundant resources that were previously available. More
than two thousand years late, the Romans would move huge
stones, some weighing nearly 1,000 tons, using similar
techniques at Baalbek.
More impressive that the mechanics of moving huge masses of
building material are the logistics involved: choreographing
teams of foreman, multitudes of workers, and a profusion of
supplies, all within the rigid constraints of a blueprint for design
and a time table for completion. It is hard to imagine that such
a feat could be possible, but the pyramids themselves provide
mute testimony that it was not only possible but actually
accomplished. There remains no known written record hinting
at how the pyramids were built, nor have any reliefs depicting
the procedure been found. Most of what Egyptologist believe
to be true of the methods involved is based or tangible
archeological evidence. Some is base on theory and is open for
debate. What is known for certain is that the Egyptians used
simple but effective tools to quarry the stones, to move them
to the pyramid site, and to place them in the desired location.
References: http://ieltsliz.com/yes-no-not-given-ielts-reading-practice/

The Gift of the Magi

"The Gift of the Magi" is a short story, written
by O. Henry (a pen name for William Sydney
Porter), about a young married couple and how
they deal with the challenge of buying secret
Christmas gifts for each other with very little
money. As a sentimental story with a moral
lesson about gift-giving, it has been a popular
one for adaptation, especially for presentation
at Christmas time. The plot and its "twist
ending" are well-known, and the ending is
generally considered an example of comic
irony. It was allegedly written at Pete's
Tavern on Irving Place in New York City.
The story was initially published in The New York Sunday
World under the title "Gifts of the Magi" on December 10, 1905. It
was first published in book form in the O. Henry Anthology The
Four Million in April 1906.

Summary

Mr. James Dillingham Young ("Jim") and his wife, Della, are a
couple living in a modest apartment. They have only two
possessions between them in which they take pride: Della's
beautiful long, flowing hair, almost touching to her knees, and
Jim's shiny gold watch, which had belonged to his father and
grandfather.
On Christmas Eve, with only $1.87 in hand, and desperate to find
a gift for Jim, Della sells her hair for $20 to a nearby hairdresser
named Madame Sofronie, and eventually finds a platinum pocket
watch fob chain for Jim's watch for $21. Satisfied with the perfect
gift for Jim, Della runs home and begins to prepare pork chops for
dinner.
At 7 o'clock, Della sits at a table near the door, waiting for Jim to
come home. Unusually late, Jim walks in and immediately stops
short at the sight of Della, who had previously prayed that she
was still pretty to Jim. Della then admits to Jim that she sold her
hair to buy him his present. Jim gives Della her present – an
assortment of combs, useless now that her hair is short. Della
then shows Jim the chain she bought for him, to which Jim says
he sold his watch to get the money to buy her combs. Although
Jim and Della are now left with gifts that neither one can use, they
realize how far they are willing to go to show their love for each
other, and how priceless their love really is.
The story ends with the narrator comparing the pair's mutually
sacrificial gifts of love with those of the Biblical Magi.

References

Jump up^ "The Gift of the Magi is published – This Day in History – 4/10/1906". history.com. 2011.
Retrieved  November 16, 2011.