Presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2017

De La Salle University, Manila, Ph ilippines

June 20-22, 2017
Design and Development of a Fuzzy Logic Based - Digital Regulated DC
Power Supply with an Automatic Reverse Polarity
Using Arduino Microcontroller

Ma. Ram ona A. Alcantara1, Guia Daniella L. Lanting 1, Ralph Laurence G. Visaya2*
1Undergraduate Student, College of Engineering and Computer Studies
2Graduate Student, College of Engineering and Computer Studies
Lyceum of the Philippines University- Laguna
*Corrresponding Author: sayaviarvie@gmail.com

Abstract: In this world’s growing technology, people used gadgets everyday like
cellphones, laptops and different kinds of recent technologies. Most of them need
power supplies. P ower supplies play a greater role in the present day, in school, in
industry, in households in everyday lives. This research study presents t he
improvisation of normal power supply used today. This Fuzzy L ogic m icrocontroller
based digital regulated dc power supply with automatic reversing of polarity is
ranging from 0-24 Volts with a maximum current output current of 1 Ampere. The
proponents also make a fuzzy logic algorithim for the fuzzy logic tuning and test and
experim ent the functionality of the sensors needed. The proponents also make use of
the Matlab Fuzzy L ogic Toolbox for the Fuzzy L ogic simulation and Arduino IDE for
the programming platform of the Arduino. The Sugeno style of fuzzy inference
system was used in the system. Triangular m embership functions were used in the
control system. Two Fuzzy inputs are constructed nam ely: the error, and change in
error. The proponents also constructed F AM matrix for the rules in the fuzzy logic.
The output of the fuzzy logic is normalized in the Dev C++ for fine tuning and getting
the accurate and precise outputs. The relay module serves as the switch for the
autom atic reversing of the polarity of the circuit. It also uses the current sensor for
sensing the deflection of the current when a circuit is connected in wrong polarity.
The proponents used the experimentations to validate the functionality and
applicability of the designed and developed and it was verified experim entally that
the results obtained by the proponents were acceptable.

Key Words: Fuzzy L ogic; Matlab; Sugeno; Arduino; polarity;

1. INTRODUCTION supply with auto polarity corrector that is

This section of research intends to clarify and
explain the workings of the research study. It
includes the statement of the problem, the
objectives and the scope and limitations. This part
required to measure the feasibility of the research
1.1 Background of the Study
Nowadays, vast majority of electronic devices
are powered by DC power source, so it requires a
reliable, consistent and modified power supply.
Generally, the requirements are not excessively
differed, but still they oblige every time a new
hardware designing. The idea presented here is to
construct a digitally controlled regulated power
sufficiently adaptable to meet the researchers’
objectives and expectations, with minor
programming changes and no corresponding
hardware change. Hardware issues are discussed,
with an objective of innovating a simple power
supply that has programmable output voltage and
current. It is capable of recognizing faults and
takes corrective actions to prevent any permanent
damage to the entire system. The system conversed
here is capable of operating independently by its
own without any intervention from the user. The
system discovers application at remote sites to
automatically manage primary (AC) and secondary
(battery) power sources to provide smooth
uninterrupted power output even during
conversion between AC and DC power sources. The

vast majority of this equipment requires DC
voltage as well as voltage that are well filtered and
controlled. Since power supplies are broadly used
as electronic equipment, those devices now contain
an overall section of the electronic market. The
trend and demand these days are to build up
systems that are dependable and intelligent. It has
to be consistent enough not to damage what is
hooked up to.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Nowadays, electrical power supply is one of the
most important elements in human being needs.
Most of human activities depend on the demand of
electrical power supply. Electronic lab experiments
frequently need a power supply to perform such
activity. And in this high technology world, it is
normal for people to possess gadgets which powered
by its battery. In using a DC power supply, many
students got confused whether the experiment
needs a positive or a negative supply. Because of
this confusion, this may results in damaging what
is attached to it. Based on this problem, this project
is the answer wherein it has the ability to correct
its polarity without interchanging the probes once
it is hooked up to the equipment, same thing with
the battery charging. Since this project aims to
develop a power supply consisting of a DC supply
and chargi ng a battery, it is the solution.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to construct
a fuzzy logic based digital DC power supply with
automatic reversing of the polarity which prevents
damage of the components when connected in
reverse polarity. Specifically, the proponents are
wanted to create a program that will incorporate
the fuzzy logic into the microcontroller and to
create a program that will reve rse the polarity of
the power supply. Assemble a digital DC power
supply where the user can input the voltage
through buttons. The proponents also test and
evaluate the functionality of the different electronic
modules compatible with Arduino like relay
module, voltage sensor, and current sensor.
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Project Description
The “Digital DC Power Supply with Auto-
Polarity Corrector” is a device which supplies DC
voltage and can charge batteries. This is a
microcontroller based power supply which is
developed concerning to make an intelligent device
and flexible enough to meet different requirements
Presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2017
De La Salle University, Manila, Ph ilippines
June 20-22, 2017
to eliminate the restrictions of the existing systems.
This is an improved power supply made up of AC to
DC converter as main component with an output
ranges from 0 to 17 volts and can charge batteries.
It has the ability to recognize faults and take
corrective actions to prevent any permanent
damage to the system. Being an automatic polarity
correcting power supply, it also works disregarding
the polarity of the circuit being hooked up and the
polarity of the connected battery. At the center of
the whole system is the microcontroller.
Microcontroller is embedded inside the device so
that it can control the features and actions of the
device. It is small and low cost. The components are
chosen to minimize size and to be as inexpensive as
possible. Necessary amplification is provided. To
enable it to read the analog signals, an Analog to
Digital converter is used. It has a digital display
showing the actual measurement values of the
output voltage of the power supply. The hardware
design is flexible and can be easily scaled to the
requirements .
2.2 Arduino IDE
This project is a software controlled
microcontroller based system, which makes it
intelligent, independent of operator supervision
and can adapt to a restricted set of changed
requirements without any hardware change. The
software for this project was developed using a
simple high level language in C++. It also used
ARDUINO IDE sketchbook for PC to system
interface. The software controls the input display
of the device and manipulates its polarity
depending on the parameters of the equipment
engaged through it. The Arduino IDE is an open-
source Arduino Software it provides an easy way
to write a code and upload it to the board, it runs
on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The
environment is written based on Processing, Java,
and other open-source software’s. The software can
be used with any Arduino board.
2.3 Fuzzy Logic Controller
The first step in designing Fuzzy Logic System
is to describe fuzzy sets, the information in terms of
fuzzy linguistic terms or can be regarded as values
equal to 0 or 1 and values within them. The fuzzy
membership function is used to assign values with
respect to fuzzy sets and its degrees of membership.
Moreover, the most commonly used technique
requiring four parameters to be specified with
respect to its x and y coordinates is called
Trapezoidal Membership Function. Also, the
Triangular Membership Function can be used in

the system which requires three parameter
specifications.
2.4 System Flowchart
Fig. 1. System Flowchart of the System
In the figure 1 above, the user inputs the
desired voltage through buttons. After that the
output will be displayed to the LCD. If there is
deflection in the current sensor, this will
automatically start polarity reverse, after that
report the result of the data and display the
output. If there is no deflection, report the data to
the arduino then send the data to be displayed in
the LCD display.
2.5 Hardware Block Diagram
Fig. 2. Hardware Block Diagram
In the figure 2, the source comes from the
power supply which is the main source of the
system. The output the supply will be connected to
a voltage sensor and the current that will give
signal to microcontroller. That signal will be
fuzzified and the output of the fuzzy logic will be
fed to the microcontroller. The Arduino will send
Presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2017
De La Salle University, Manila, Ph ilippines
June 20-22, 2017
indication to relay. The output of the relay
will be the starting point of Automatic reversing
polarity circuit dependent on the signal from
current sensor. The output will be displayed in the
LCD. And a LED will indicate if the power supply
is acting normally or reversing.
3. DESIGN CONSIDERATION
3.1 Hardware Connection
Fig. 3. Hardware Connection
In figure 3, it shows the electronic connection
of the system. The proponents used the ATMEGA
2560 Arduino microcontroller as the main
controller of the system. Buttons serve as the main
input for the voltage of the power supply. The
current sensor and the voltage sensor will send
signal to the arduino and the LCD will display the
readings from the voltage and current. When the
current sensor senses any deflection in the current
when connected to a wrong polarity. It will send
signal to relay that will trigger as the switch of
polarity.
3.2 Fuzzy Logic Simulations
In this part, the proponents used the MATLAB
Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in the simulation of the Fuzzy
System of the software part of the system. The
proponents used the Sugeno Style Fuzzy
Interference system and the novelty of this study is
the fine tuning of the crisp output of the system.
Rules are constructed with 16 weights in the
system. Sugeno was used because of simplicity and
output of this method is linear unlike to the output
of Mamdani. The fuzzy logic is applied to the
current sensor to provide smooth readings of the
current.

Fig 4. Fuzzy Logic Input with Membership Function
Fig. 5. Fuzzy Logic Outpu t
Given i n the fi gures above 4 and 5, it
show t he input and t he output of the fuzz y logic
simulations . The proponents us ed the t riangular
membershi p functions with pa rameters in t he
input error and cha nge in error “NB”, “NS”,
“Z”,”PB” . Tria ngula r members hip function used
because it is the best for begi nners a nd easy to
understa nd. S ugeno style fuzz y logi c int erference
has been used also as the interference system in
the a utomati c polarit y suppl y.
3.3 System Sensors
A. Current Sensor
The proponents used the sensor ACS712 that
provides economical and precise results for DC
current sensing in electrical and electronic systems.
Typical applications include motor control, load
detection and management, switched- mode power
supplies, and over current fault protection. The
proponents made use of the ACS 712 sensor because
of the following:
Presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2017
De La Salle University, Manila, Ph ilippines
June 20-22, 2017
a. It is compatible to Arduino (ATMEGA
2560) an advantage over other current
sensors.
b. It does not require any external supply.
c. It can detect high/ current that help to
achieve the objective which the auto
reversing polarity.
d. The sensor circuitry is sealed and not
complicated.
Fig 6. The Current Sensor (ACS712)
B. Voltage Sensor
The voltage sensor is composed of two
resistors in a voltage divider configuration. The
proponents used this to display the input voltage in
the LCD display via buttons. The Arduino analog
input is limited to a 5 V DC input. It is
fundamentally a voltage divider using a 100K and
a 10K Ohm resistor.
Fig. 7. Voltage Sensor
3.4 System Application
Almost all analog power converters are least
efficient even in light loads. Also, there are times
that people apply the power supply to an
electronic load with wrong polarity that leads to
the device failure or malfunction. The researchers
used the microcontroller for improving the analog
power supply to digital and including an
additional feature of auto- polarity corrector. The
system has an automatic response particularly in
case of wrong terminal connections. It will
automatically switch the polarity once the
microcontroller detects current deflection. The
system also has the fuzzy logic which gives more
precise and accurate time response of the
reversing of the polarity. The fuzzy logic applied to
the current sensor which gives smooth reading of
 Presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2017
De La Salle University, Manila, Ph ilippines
June 20-22, 2017
the current and when there is deflection of Table 2. Time Response of the Different Test
current. Thus, this will give the signal to the relay Samples
in changing the polarity with the shortest time
possible though the deflection of the current. One
application of this research is this can be used in
different electronic loads especially in complex
circuits and it is one of the recommendations of
the one of the research literatures. Also, it can be
used in schools, industries, in homes or in any
places where power supplies are needed to be
used.

4. EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS

OF RESULTS

This part is to show the analysis and interpretation of

data for series of experiments. The proponents record the
voltages displayed on the LCD and input voltages
measured by a digital tester with its percentage error.

Table 1. Values for the Percent Error of the Voltages

In the table 2, the proponents used
stopwatch in a smartphone to measure the time
when the circuit is connected in a normal polarity
and the time when the circuit is connected in a
reverse polarity. As cited in the table, the time of
test sample 1 in normal condition is 12ms and the
other sample is 20ms. In the revese condition, the
time is ranging from 0.80ms to 0.93ms.

Fig 8. Graphical Representation of Time Response of

Water level Circuit

It shows in the table 1 the values

measured and displayed voltages with the
computed percentage error. It is shown that from
the results obtained in the figure, it can be
observed that the percentage error has low value so
which means that the voltage output of the power
supply is reliable and accurate and stable which
provides clear view of accurate voltage output Fig 9. Graphical Representation of Time Response of FM
Radio

In the figures 8 and 9, it shows the graph
of the time response of each test samples. It is
shown in the figure that the maximum time is
0.94ms and the minimum time is 0.82ms. Thus,
this made clearly that the time will reduce the
circuitry to break because of the sensitivity when
connected to a wrong polarity.
Table 3. Calculation of the Correlation Coefficient
In the table shown, it shows the
calculation of the correlation coefficient of the time
response of the reverse polarity of the two samples.
In the result, there is a “Perfect Correlation”
between the time responses of the two batteries. In
correlation coefficient -1 and 1 are values that are
in perfect correlation and in the results in the table,
the value reaches 0.99.
5. CONCLUSION
Based on the data gathered and the
experiments, the result was favorable. Analyzing
the tables 1 on the experiment, it is evident that
the displayed voltage of the power supply using
button as input is almost equal to the measured
voltage because as seen it has low percentage error,
which satisfies the accuracy of the output voltage.
Besides, it is also suitable to be used because of its
short time response. The Fuzzy Based Power
supply responds in a very least possible time. Thus,
the time response is strong and almost near to the
normal time response of the system when the
connection is in normal condition. The research is
properly and accurately working which satisfied
the objectives of this study, which satisfied the
objectives of this study. The time reponse meets
from 0.80 to 0.94 sec which is not destructive when
it comes to circuitry thus, this make the research
accurate.
Presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2017
De La Salle University, Manila, Ph ilippines
June 20-22, 2017
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, the researchers would like
to thank the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ for the
understanding, wisdom and knowledge that he
gave. The proponents also would like to thank
Engr. Ralph Laurence V isaya as our adviser and
mentor for his support and for his perpetual help in
times of needs and troubles. This research is not
feasible without the cooperation of everyone.
7. FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
The researchers want to recommend for
the future researchers to use a different
microcontroller board like Raspberry Pi. Also, make
use of the keypad for the input voltage so that the
user can pick numbers to input voltage output. If
ever possible adjust the maximum voltage to higher
voltages.
8. REFERENCE
Jamolod, Emerson, V isaya, Ralph Laurence G. and
et al. (October 2015). Development of a Digital
Regulated DC Power Supply with an Auto-
Polarity Corrector Using Arduino
Microcontroller.
Mustafa R Abuzeid, Ramadan AElmoude, Nasr E
Shtawa. (April 12-14, 2007.) A novel Strategy
for Synchronizing of Two DC Motors: Al-azhar
Engi neering Ninth International Conference.
Jitender Kaushal. (June 2012). Comparative
Performance Study of ACO & ABC Optimization
based PID Controller Tuning for Speed Control
of DC Motor Drives.
Bin Adzmi K .A. (4 November, 2008).Motor Speed
Controller Using Fuzzy Logic Method for PCB
Drilling Operation,.
S.Z. He. S. Tan, F.L.Xu. (1993). ''Fuzzy self-tuning
of PID controllers‟‟, fuzzy set and Systems.