FS Report Hafiz Bacha Canal Revised 7.21.2020 Revised

FS
1 Introduction
Hafiz Bacha irrigation canal is in the Nahrin district of Baghlan province. The total length of the Hafiz
Bacha canal is 11.674 km (main canal 6.935 km, secondary canal 4.739 km). Recently, the ONFARM
project has rehabilitated 4.305 km of the main canal with stone masonry linin starting from the intake.
Also, they have rehabilitated 1.53 km of the secondary canal with stone masonry lining starting from
Ch 2+016. AKF intends to rehabilitate one water divider, three offtakes, and construct two spillways
along with the rehabilitated parts. In addition, AKF will focus on rehabilitation of the downstream
sections of the main and secondary canals including the intake and hydraulic structures. Hafiz Bacha
canal covers six villages (Bash Qala Payan, Logariha, Joybori, Hafiz Bacha, Dasht e Qazi and Shari
naw). The canal is located parallel to Nahrin-Baghlan asphalt road. The total command area of this
canal is 814.25 hectares (irrigated 314 ha, seasonal 356 ha, city area 144.25 ha). The total number of
beneficiaries is 2,635 families mostly poor and small landowners. During the first growing season,
wheat is the main crop followed by barley, flax, sesame, melon, onion, and potato. During the second
season, vetch, maize, turnip, carrot, and other fresh vegetables are cultivated. The nearest agricultural
service center and the market is the Nahrin district city which is the main agriculture market for the
entire district.
2 Relevant Frame Conditions

2.1 Map of the Project Area
Below google earth map shows the command area and the route of the canal. For more details please
see the KMZ file.
Map 1: The Hafiz Bacha canal command area and length.
The plan of the entire irrigation system is shown in the drawing (Annex 10.1) which includes the total
length of the canal, locations of all existing and proposed structures like (e.g. intake, masonry lining,
protection wall, etc.). Annex 10.4 (Picture Documentation) shows all the existing and newly proposed
structures along the canal.
2.2 Water Source for the Irrigation System

2.2.1 River Basin and sub-basin
The Hafiz Bacha canal diverts water from the Nahrin River. The Nahrin River is a perennial water
source coming from Kutal-e Murgh and Kutal-e Palfi of Julga district in Baghlan province.
Comparing CROPWAT calculations to Nahrin River discharge measurements indicates there is

sufficient water available to supply the canal demand.
0
Maximum CWR value = 0.8 L/s/ha
Discharge required by canal = 684.4 Ha x 0.8 L/sec/ha = 0.547 m3/sec
Including farm efficiency = (0.547/60) *100 =0.912 m3/sec
And including canal conveyance efficiency = (0.912/60) *100 = 1.52 m3 /sec
This value 1.52m3/sec peak demand which occurs in August. The table below shows the monthly
water demand values as per crop water requirement and the Nahrin River mean discharge history of
2010-2018 (see letter from Baghlan provincial water department in the Annex 10.17). The table below
shows the monthly discharge of the water source.
Table 1: Required monthly discharge based on Crop Water Requirement Calculation
Months Net Area to be Area to be Monthly Discharge Average Monthly

CWR Irrigated Irrigated in required for Hafiz Bacha discharge record
Value ( % of total Ha (of Total canal (m3/sec) of Nahrin river
(from area ) from area 684.4 (Command area X CWR (m3/s) ( source:
Annex Annex ha) from values with efficiencies Ministry of energy
10.3) 10.3 Annex 10.3 60/60) and water)
Jan 0.01 70 479.08 0.013 3.61

Feb 0.12 84 574.90 0.192 3.28
Mar 0.40 98 670.71 0.745 4.13
Apr 0.40 98 670.71 0.745 7.57
May 0.70 88 602.27 1.171 10.51
Jun 0.28 88 602.27 0.468 7.12
Jul 0.40 100 684.40 0.760 4.84
Aug 0.80 100 684.40 1.521 4.35
Sep 0.40 96 657.02 0.730 4.2
Oct 0.08 28 191.63 0.043 3.99
Nov 0.04 70 479.08 0.053 4.04
Dec 0.01 70 479.08 0.011 3.63
1
Figure 1: Nahrin River Monthly Discharge (2010-2018)
Water discharge flow diagram

12.000
10.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
Monthly Discharge required for Hafiz Bacha canal (m3/sec) (Command area X CWR values with
efficiencies 60/60)
0.000
Jan Average
Feb Monthly
Mar discharge
Apr record
May of Nahrin
Jun river Jul
(m3/s) (Aug
source: Ministry
Sep of Oct
enrgy andNov
water) Dec
Current flow (of the nearby channel of braided River): 9.314 m3/sec (Measured by AKF in September
2019).The location of the river gauge is (36.05786944, 69.16081111).Tthe govenrment data varies
from the AKF Measured data which is be due to the location of the river gauge being 2 kilometers
upstream from the intake, and there is a sizable tributary entering the system just downstream from the
river gauge.
2.2.2 Discharge Figures of the Resource
Name of the source: Nahrin River

Type of water: Perennial or regular
High flood discharge (m3 /s): 10.51 m3/sec average in May (Baghlan Provincial Water Department)
3
Minimum flow (m /s): 3.28 m3/sec average in February (Baghlan Provincial Water
Department))
Current flow (of the nearby channel of braided River): 9.314 m3/sec (Measured by AKF in September
2019)
2.2.3 Measurements
Please see the annex 10.13 for detailed water measurement calculation and summary.
2.2.4 Water Resource Management
There are no micro-hydro powers (MHP) along the Hafiz Bacha irrigation canal, but the canal serves
five flour mills located along the main canal. One inactive flour mill is located along the secondary
2
canal which has not been used for many years. The water utilized by the mills is returning into the
canal without bypassing any command areas or water losses.
The water in this canal is used primarily for irrigation and the five flour mills. The Mirab is the
responsible person to distribute water among the farmers and has the authority of implementing water
rights as per experience and traditional irrigation system. The Mirab does not allocate and distribute
water according to any prescribed water right or consideration of crop requirements. Technical issues
also affect the efficient allocation of water including irregular offtake dimensions, soil type, and crop
types.
3 Target Area
2.3 Population and Villages connected to the Command area
The part of the Hafiz bacha canal that is planned to be rehabilitated by AKF includes six CDCs (Bashi
Qala, Logari Ha, Joy Bori, Shahr-e-Naw, Dasht-e-Qazi, and Hafiz bacha). The total population living
in these villages is 13,175 individuals 1 (2,635 families). The largest village in terms of command area
is Hafiz bacha village having 345 ha (0.49 ha per family), and the smallest village is Bashi Qala with
51.25 ha (0.18 ha per family). The largest village in terms of population is Shahr-e-Naw with 721
families (3,605 individuals) and the smallest village is Logari ha having 286 families (1,430
individuals). The data indicates that 1,290 landless families are living along the canal. The average
land ownership per family between all villages is 0.31 ha.
There is approximately 144 hectares of command area in urban areas served by the canal. Based on
observed site condition and discussions with community members, it is estimated that these command
areas require about 10% of the water demand of agricultural command areas. This water is utilized for
private landscaping and kitchen gardens. For this reason these areas are represented as 14.4 hectares of
irrigated command areas for calculations bringing the total considered command area to 684.4
hectares.
AF-AKF team collected the information during October and November 2019 through focus group
discussions in each village. There were 10-12 participants in each group discussion. The participants
were mainly CDC members, farmers, Mirab, and a representative of the agriculture department. The
table below shows the population and cultivation command area of each village. 23
Table 2: Population for each village along the Hafiz Bacha canal.
No. of Command Area (ha)

No. Name of village Population Area/family
families
1
As per CDC member, the average family member is considered 5 person.
2
Focus group discussion with farmers, CDC member and Mirab
3
According to CDC, average number of family member is 7 person.
3
1 Bashi Qala 1,435 287 51.25 0.18
2 Logari Ha 1,430 286 77 0.27
3 Joy Bori 1,735 347 106 0.31
4 Shahr-e-Naw 3,605 721 103 0.14
5 Dasht-e-Qazi 1,470 294 132 0.45
6 Hafiz bacha 3,500 700 345 0.49
Total 0 0 0 0.31
2.4 Agro-economic figures

Most of the population along the canal is busy in agriculture and farming. According to the
community, the major crops in the first season are wheat, barley, flax, onion, and almond. Wheat is the
primary crop during the first season and covers 462.6 ha (67.6%) of the command area. The major
crops in the second season are vetch, maize, carrot, almond, and turnip. Vetch is the primary second
season crop covering 130 ha (19%) of the command area.
The total command area of this canal is 684.4 ha. In the first season, the whole command area is
cultivated, but in the second season only 328.4 ha (48%) is cultivated, and the remaining 356 ha (52%)
is fallow. Based on the information provided by the community the additional seasonal command area
could be grown for vetch and maize. The table below shows crop vegetation in the first and second
seasons.
Table 3: First season main crops and second season main crops pre-rehabilitation.
First Crop Second Crop (Pre-Rehabilitation)
Crop Command Command Command Command

No No Crop Name
Name Area (ha) Area (%) Area (ha) Area (%)
1 wheat 462.6 67.6 1 Vetch 130 19

2 Barley 81.4 11.9 2 Maize 46.3 6.8
3 Flax 12.6 1.8 3 Carrot 7.5 1.1
4 Sesame 12.5 1.8 4 Turnip 4.2 0.6
5 Onion 95.8 14 5 Flax 12.6 1.8
6 Almond 19.5 2.8 6 sesame 12.5 1.8
7 Onion 95.8 14
Total 684.4 100 8 Almond 19.5 2.8
Total pre-
328.4 48
rehabilitation
Table 4: First season main crops and second season main crops post-rehabilitation.
First Crop Second Crop (Post-Rehabilitation
Command Area (ha)
4
Crop Command Command Command Command
No No Crop Name
Name Area (ha) Area (%) Area (ha) Area (%)
1 wheat 462.6 67.6 1 Vetch 392.5 57.4
2 Barley 81.4 11.9 2 Maize 139.8 20.5
3 Flax 12.6 1.8 3 Carrot 7.5 1.1
4 Sesame 12.5 1.8 4 Turnip 4.2 0.6
5 Onion 95.8 14 5 Flax 12.6 1.8
6 Almond 19.5 2.8 6 sesame 12.5 1.8
7 Onion 95.8 14
Total 684.4 100 8 Almond 19.5 2.8
Total post-
684.4 100
rehabilitation
3.2.1 Cultivation of Crop with Special Focus on Wheat

According to the CDC members, in 2019 the average wheat production along the canal was 1.8
MT/ha. The total wheat production in 2019 was around 832.68 MT and was mainly used for domestic
consumption. The revenue generation per ha was $266.67 and the total revenue generated through
wheat cultivation was $123,361.54. The finding indicates that wheat production is lower than the FAO
average standards (2.5 MT/Ha). Through focus group discussions, stakeholder reports of low yields is
likely due to lack of agricultural investment in the region, lack of knowledge of more intensive
farming techniques, lack of access to improved seed stocks, and low soil fertility. Section 6.3 discusses
these issues in greater depth. The table below shows crop production in MT/ha and revenue generated
in 2018.4
Table 5: Crops production and Market price.
N Crop Productio Productio Annual Market Total Income/ ha

o Name n area in n (MT/ha) productio price income (USD)
ha n in MT (USD/MT generated
) (USD)
1 Wheat 462.60 1.80 832.68 266.67 222,050.78 480.01
2 Barley 81.40 1.80 146.52 240.00 35,164.80 432.00
3 Flax 12.60 1.10 13.86 666.67 9,240.05 733.34
4 Sesame 12.50 1.10 13.75 666.67 9,166.71 733.34
5 Onion 95.80 52.50 5,029.50 200.00 1,005,900.0 10,500.00
0
6 Almon 19.50 0.70 13.65 6,666.70 91,000.46 4,666.69
d
7 Vetch 130.00 1.60 208.00 733.30 152,526.40 1,173.28
8 Maize 46.30 1.10 50.93 373.30 19,012.17 410.63
9 Carrot 7.50 14.00 105.00 106.70 11,203.50 1,493.80
10 Turnip 4.20 12.30 51.66 93.30 4,819.88 1,147.59
4
Focus group discussion with farmers, CDC members and Mirab.
5
Wheat production varied slightly between 2015 and 2019. The lowest production was recorded in
2015 and 2016 (1.7 MT/ha) and the highest production was recorded in 2019 (1.9 MT/ha). The table
below shows the wheat production figures (MT/Year) for five years.
Table 6: Wheat Production Figures for five years.
Wheat Production Figures along Hafiz Bacha canal (MT/ha)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Average Production
1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8
According to the CDC members, the need for wheat is 90 Kg/month/family (18 Kg/month/person), so
the annual wheat consumption along the canal is 1.08 MT per family. Comparing the annual wheat
production (832.69 MT) and wheat consumption (2,2,845.80 MT), there is a deficit of 2,013.11 MT.
According to the farmers, CDC members, and local traders, the gap is filled by importing wheat flour
from the provincial market. The table below shows the wheat production and consumption.
Table 7: Wheat production and consumption in each village along the canal.
No Name Families Wheat Comma Wheat Annua Annual Sol Wheat

of Produ nd Area Product l wheat d to Deficit
Village ction/ (ha) ion in consu consump loca (MT)
ha one mption tion l
(MT) year per (MT) (M
(MT) family T)
(MT)
1 Bashi 287 1.8 30.75 55.35 1.08 309.96 0 254.61
Qala
2 Logari 286 1.8 26.54 47.77 1.08 308.88 0 261.11
Ha
3 Joy Bori 347 1.8 63.60 114.48 1.08 374.76 0 260.28
4 Shahr-e- 721 1.8 241.50 434.7 1.08 778.68 0 343.98
Naw
5 Dasht-e- 294 1.8 88.03 158.45 1.08 317.52 0 159.08
Qazi
6 Hafiz 700 1.8 12.19 21.94 1.08 756.00 0 734.06
bacha
Total 0 462.600 0 2,845.80 2,013.11

Corps such as barley, flax, sesame, onion, and almond in the first season, and vetch, maize, carrot, and
turnip in the second season are cultivated for sale. They are the main source of income for farmers. 5
The table below shows detailed information on each crop production and consumption along the canal.
5
Focus group discussion with farmers, CDC members and Mirab.
6
Table 8: Cash crop production and consumption along the canal.
Summary of annual crop production and consumption in MT
No. Crop Annual Production in MT Annual Consumption in

MT
1 Barley 146.52 368.9
2 Flax 13.86 184.45
3 Sesame 13.75 184.45
4 Onion 5029.5 474.3
5 Almond 13.65 63.24
6 Vetch 208 94.86
7 Maize 50.93 395.25

8 Carrot 105 948.6
9 Turnip 51.66 474.3
Detailed calculation of annual crop production and consumption in MT
No Na No. Type of Com Produ Produ Annual Food Sold to Need

me of crops man ction ction Consu consum the (MT)
of famil d per ha in one mption/ ption local
Vill y Area (MT) year family (MT) marke
age [ha] (MT) in MT t (MT)
1 287 Barley 9.2 1.8 16.56 0.14 40.18 0 23.62
Flax 0 1.1 0 0.07 20.09 0 20.09
Sesame 0 1.1 0 0.07 20.09 0 20.09
Bashi Qala
Onion 10.3 52.5 540.75 0.18 51.66 489.09 0

Almond 0 0.7 0 0.024 6.888 0 6.888
Vetch 25.6 1.6 40.96 0.036 10.332 30.628 0
Maize 15.4 1.1 16.94 0.15 43.05 0 26.11
Carrot 0 14 0 0.36 103.32 0 103.32
Turnip 0 12.3 0 0.18 51.66 0 51.66
2 286 Barley 15.5 1.8 27.9 0.14 40.04 0 12.14
Flax 0 1.1 0 0.07 20.02 0 20.02
Sesame 0 1.1 0 0.07 20.02 0 20.02
Logari Ha
Onion 0 52.5 0 0.18 51.48 0 51.48

Almond 2.2 0.7 1.54 0.024 6.864 0 5.324
Vetch 14.2 1.6 22.72 0.036 10.296 12.424 0
Maize 9.7 1.1 10.67 0.15 42.9 0 32.23
Carrot 0 14 0 0.36 102.96 0 102.96
Turnip 0 12.3 0 0.18 51.48 0 51.48
Joy Bori
3 347 Barley 21.2 1.8 38.16 0.14 48.58 0 10.42

Flax 0 1.1 0 0.07 24.29 0 24.29
Sesame 0 1.1 0 0.07 24.29 0 24.29
Onion 21.2 52.5 1113 0.18 62.46 1050.5 0
4
7
Almond 0 0.7 0 0.024 8.328 0 8.328
Vetch 21.2 1.6 33.92 0.036 12.492 21.428 0
Maize 21.2 1.1 23.32 0.15 52.05 0 28.73
Carrot 7.5 14 105 0.36 124.92 0 19.92
Turnip 4.2 12.3 51.66 0.18 62.46 0 10.8
4 721 Barley 0 1.8 0 0.14 100.94 0 100.94
Flax 0 1.1 0 0.07 50.47 0 50.47
Sesame 0 1.1 0 0.07 50.47 0 50.47
Shahr-e-Naw
Onion 0 52.5 0 0.18 129.78 0 129.78

Almond 0 0.7 0 0.024 17.304 0 17.30
Vetch 0 1.6 0 0.036 25.956 0 25.96
Maize 0 1.1 0 0.15 108.15 0 108.15
Carrot 0 14 0 0.36 259.56 0 259.56
Turnip 0 12.3 0 0.18 129.78 0 129.78
5 294 Barley 0 1.8 0 0.14 41.16 0 41.16
Flax 12.6 1.1 13.86 0.07 20.58 0 6.72
Sesame 12.5 1.1 13.75 0.07 20.58 0 6.83
Dasht-e-Qazi
Onion 12.6 52.5 661.5 0.18 52.92 608.58 0

Almond 0 0.7 0 0.024 7.056 0 7.06
Vetch 0 1.6 0 0.036 10.584 0 10.58
Maize 0 1.1 0 0.15 44.1 0 44.1
Carrot 0 14 0 0.36 105.84 0 105.84
Turnip 0 12.3 0 0.18 52.92 0 52.92
6 700 Barley 35.5 1.8 63.9 0.14 98 0 34.1
Flax 0 1.1 0 0.07 49 0 49
Sesame 0 1.1 0 0.07 49 0 49
Hafiz Bacha
Onion 51.7 52.5 2714.2 0.18 126 2588.2 0

5 5
Almond 17.3 0.7 12.11 0.024 16.8 0 4.69
Vetch 69 1.6 110.4 0.036 25.2 85.2 0
Maize 0 1.1 0 0.15 105 0 105
Carrot 0 14 0 0.36 252 0 252
Turnip 0 12.3 0 0.18 126 0 126
3.2.2 Employment Figures

As per the information provided by CDC members, 37.1% of the population along the canal is
involved in agriculture. 9.03% of the population is officially employed in the public sector (National
Police, National Army, and other governmental departments). 8.1% of the population emigrated to the
center of the province or other provinces and neighboring countries. Rehabilitation of the canal will
bring additional seasonal lands to two season production and lead to more high-value crops
cultivation. This will result to generate more jobs and reduce unemployment. Also, it will encourage
displaced and emigrated farmers to return and resume farming activities. 6 The table below shows the
employment figures in each village.
6
Group discussion with CDC members and DDA members.
8
Table 9: Employment Figures for each village along the canal.
N Name Populatio Employment percentage

o of n
villag Busy Official Emigran Busy Official Emigrant
e with Employe t with Employed %
farmin d farmin %
g g%
1 Bashi 1435 425 50 100 29.62 3.48 6.97
Qala
2 Logar 1430 694 35 23 48.55 2.42 1.61
i Ha
3 Joy 1735 681 210 150 39.26 12.1 8.64
Bori
4 Shahr 3605 1,423 440 300 39.48 12.2 8.32
-e-
Naw
5 Dasht 1470 314 227 235 21.38 15.42 16
-e-
Qazi
6 Hafiz 3500 1,551 300 250 44.3 8.57 7.14
bacha
Total 13,175 5,088 1,261 1,058 38.6 9.6 8.0
According to CDC and other community members, out of the 38.6% employment in the agriculture
sector, 60% of farmers are cultivating wheat, and 40% are busy in another crop production along the
canal. A large segment of the farming community is seasonally unemployed at the tail end CDCs. By
rehabilitation of this canal, the whole command area will have enough water to be cultivated for two
seasons. This will result in a significant increase in seasonal employment among farmers. This will
lead to family support through income generation and improve social welfare. The table below shows
the farmer employment in the wheat value chain in each CDCs along Hafiz bacha canal.
Table 10: Farmers busy in wheat production and other crops
Total employed
Total employed persons
No Name of villages persons cultivating
cultivating wheat, %
other crops, %
1 Bashi Qala 42% 58%
2 Logari Ha 43% 57%
3 Joy Bori 62% 38%
4 Shahr-e-Naw 89% 11%
5 Dasht-e-Qazi 62% 38%
6 Hafiz bacha 43% 57%
Average 60% 40%
9
3 Description of the Irrigation System
3.1 Physical components
Please see the schematic diagram of the proposed structures for the Hafiz Bacha irrigation canal in the
Annex 10.16.
3.1.1 Overview map

A large size map is presented in Annex 10.15.
The sketch of the entire irrigation system is shown in the drawings in Annex 10.1 including the total
length of the canal, locations of all existing structures, and proposed structures (e.g. masonry lining,
protection wall, etc.). Annex 10.4a (Picture Documentation) provides detailed information in this
regard.
3.1.2 Intake
The existing intake structure is a permanent structure made of plain cement concrete (PCC) and
equipped with the metallic gates. The structure is located higher than the level of the riverbed;
therefore, it is not functioning efficiently. Currently, the community uses stones, sandbags, and tree
branches to divert the water into the intake. Due to this issue, less amount of water supplied into the
intake. To resolve the issue, an RCC weir and the stone wall on one side of the river as a protection
wall is proposed. The existing situation of intake and its proposed structure and impact after
rehabilitation is described in section 6.1 below.
3.1.3 Main Channel – Focus of the Project
The total length of the Hafiz Bacha canal is 11.674 km (main canal 6.935 km, secondary canal 4.739
km). The first offtake is located at ch 0+522 and the last offtake is located at ch 6+935 on the main
canal. The secondary canal starts from Ch 2+016 where a water divider is located. The canal flows
along the left side of the Nahrin River. Earthen open sections are working as offtakes along the main
canal. Since these earthen open sections do not have gates, it creates a problem for water distribution
and control of excess water flow. To increase water distribution efficiency, all offtakes are proposed to
be equipped with permanent water control structures and metallic gates. There are three offtakes along
the main canal that have permanent stonemasonry structures with no gates, so only metallic gates are
proposed for them. Out of the 6.935 km length of the main canal, 4.305 km has permanent
stonemasonry lining and the remaining 2.63 km is an earthen canal. 7
3.1.4 Secondary Channels Connected to Main Channel
There is one secondary canal connected to Hafiz Bacha main canal. It starts from Ch 2+016 where a
water divider is located, and it ends at ch 4+739. The secondary canal is 4.739 km. Out of that, 1.53
km has been improved with the construction of stone masonry lining by ONFARM. There are 13
7
AKF team’s observation.
10
existing offtakes equipped with permanent gates and one super passage in proper working conditions.
In addition, 24 earthen open sections are working as offtakes along the secondary canal without any
permanent structure. This creates problems over water distribution. To improve water distribution
efficiency, rehabilitation of these offtakes is recommended. The embankments and bed of secondary
canal at ch (1+800 to 1+880) and main canal at ch (5+599 to 5+637) are supported with loose soil,
which causes seepage and water losses. To strengthen the canal at those parts, stone masonry canal
lining is proposed. During the flooding season, the secondary canal at ch (1+880 to 2+385) is
threatened by flood every year.8
3.1.5 Distribution structures
The major distribution structures are listed in the following sections.
3.1.5.1 Offtake
A total of 83 offtakes exist on the main and secondary canals. 42 offtakes have permanent structures
equipped with gates and are working properly. Three offtakes have permanent structures with no gates.
The remaining 38 offtakes are open earthen sections with no regulating gates to control the water flow,
resulting in water wastage and uncontrolled water distribution along the main and secondary canals.
Current situation of the offtakes, proposed rehabilitation works, and the impact of rehabilitation works
are explained in section 6.1 (system analysis). The detailed drawings of proposed offtakes are shown
in Annex 10.9.
3.1.5.2 Water Divider
There is one existing permanent water divider with no gate located at ch 2+016 which diverts water
from the main canal into the secondary canal. The current situation of the water divider, proposed
rehabilitation works, and the impact of rehabilitation works are explained in section 6.1 (system
analysis). The detailed drawings of the proposed divider are shown in Annex 10.9.
3.1.6 Miscellaneous Supporting Structures
3.1.6.1 Stone Masonry Protection Wall (49m)
Currently, floods destroy the canal embankments in one section. The community uses sandbags and
dry-stone walls to repair and protect the canal and maintain water flow, but it creates a seepage issue.
Hence, this part of the canal requires a stone masonry protection wall. Current situation of protection
wall, proposed rehabilitation work, and the impact of after rehabilitation work are explained in Section
6.1 (system analysis). The detailed drawing of the stone masonry protection wall is shown in Annex
10.9.
3.1.6.2 Canal Lining (676m)
The embankments and bed of main and secondary canal are supported with loose soil, which causes
high seepage. To prevent water losses through these sections, a stone masonry canal lining is
proposed. Current situation of this section, proposed rehabilitation work, and the impact of after
8
11
rehabilitation work are explained in Section 6.1 (system analysis). The detailed drawing of stone
masonry canal lining is shown in Annex 10.9.
3.2 Agriculture and cultivation
3.2.1 Size of land and type of cultivation
The total command area of the canal is 684.4ha. Currently, 328.4 ha is cultivated in two seasons, and
356 ha is cultivated in one season only. 9Please refer to table 3 and table 4 for more information in this
regard.
3.2.2 Seasonal crop calendar
Hafiz Bacha canal irrigates crops in two seasons. In the first season, the main crops are wheat and
barley, flax, sesame, onion, and almond. In the second season, the main crops are vetch, maize carrot,
and turnip. The table below shows the seasonal crop calendar for each crop. 10
Table 11: Seasonal Calendar
Cropping Calendar for Hafiz Bacha Irrigation Canal
Months
Fist Season Command Command Planting/Fl Harvesting
S.N Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Crops Area (ha) Area/ % owring Date Date
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 wheat 462.60 68 16-Nov 10-Jun
2 Barly 81.40 12 10-Feb 20-May
3 Flax 12.60 2 20-Feb 1-Aug
4 sesame 12.50 2 20-May 20-Aug
5 Onion 95.80 14 20-Mar 1-Sep
7 Almond 19.50 3 1-Jan 31-Dec
Total 684.40 100.00
Second Season Crops
10 Vetch 130 19 10-Jul 20-Sep
11 Maize 46.3 6.8 10-Jul 20-Sep
12 Carrot 7.5 1.1 10-Jul 15-Oct
13 Turnip 4.2 0.6 10-Jul 15-Oct
Total 188 28
Total Pre-rehablitation Fist Season 684.4 ha Second season 328.4 ha

Total Post-rehablitation Fist Season 684.4 ha Second season 684.4 ha
3.3 Distribution of Water to the Fields

3.3.1 Water availability
The required discharge for the Hafiz Bacha irrigation canals is 1.52 m3/sec, and the maximum average
discharge of Nahrin River in August is 4.34 m3/sec, and the highest discharge is 10.51 m3/sec in May
(Measured by Baghlan Provincial Department of Water). Also, another tributary enters the river
9
10
Focus group discussion with farmers.
12
downstream from the river gauge before the canal intake. Considering this data, the available water in
the source is more than required by the Hafiz Bacha canal.
As per the crop water requirement, there is enough water available in the source. The main canal size
and offtake size are designed for the perennial flow of peak demand. The main operating gates of
intake will control the flow of water discharge entering the main canal, and the intake gates will be
closed only for the main canal maintenance period or for the off irrigation season.
3.3.2 Crop Water Requirements

CROPWAT 8.0 application is used to calculate the crop water requirement for individual crops. The
table below shows the required irrigation water for all crops each month, for more information refer to
annex 10.3.11
Table 12: Crop water requirement for each crop in Hafiz Bacha canal
Ja Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
n
Total 1.3 32. 95. 115. 182. 73. 114. 207. 112. 21. 11. 2.16
Scheme 5 13 30 30 94 42 30 01 73 30 11
irrigation
required
for crops
in
mm/mon
th
Total 0.0 0.12 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.28 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.08 0.04 0.00
Scheme 1 8
irrigation
required
for crops
in l/s/h
Irrigated 70 84 98 98 88 88 100 100 96 28 70 70
area (%
of total
area)
3.3.2.1 Application of Water on Wheat Fields

Based on the estimation of FAO CROPWAT the total irrigation requirement for winter wheat along
the Hafiz Bacha canal is 532.2 mm. During the initial stage (November to early December) winter
wheat irrigation water need is 15.8 mm. In the developing stage (Mid-December to early-April), the
irrigation requirement is 197.2 mm. The irrigation water need in the mid-growth stage (mid-April –
early-May) is 158.1mm. The irrigation water need in the late-growth-stage (late June) is 161.2 mm.
The remaining water requirement is supplied through rainfall. The table below shows the water
requirement for winter wheat in the Hafiz Bacha canal.
11
Food Agriculture Organization (FAO)’s Crop Water Requirement (CropWAT) software.
13
Table 13: Wheat Water Requirement
Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec
Nov 2 Init 0.4 1.14 5.7 0 5.7
Nov 3 Init 0.4 0.95 9.5 1.9 7.6
Dec 1 Init 0.4 0.71 7.1 4.5 2.5
Dec 2 Deve 0.41 0.5 5 6.5 0
Dec 3 Deve 0.48 0.69 7.6 9.7 0
Jan 1 Deve 0.55 0.97 9.7 14.9 0
Jan 2 Deve 0.62 1.19 11.9 18.9 0
Jan 3 Deve 0.69 1.49 16.4 14.5 2
Feb 1 Deve 0.76 1.83 18.3 8.2 10.1
Feb 2 Deve 0.83 2.18 21.8 4.2 17.6
Feb 3 Deve 0.9 2.77 22.2 4.7 17.5
Mar 1 Deve 0.96 3.43 34.3 4.5 29.8
Mar 2 Deve 1.03 4.17 41.7 3.9 37.7
Mar 3 Deve 1.1 4.78 52.6 8.4 44.2
Apr 1 Deve 1.17 5.44 54.4 16.1 38.3
Apr 2 Mid 1.21 5.97 59.7 21.4 38.4
Apr 3 Mid 1.21 6.62 66.2 14.7 51.5
May 1 Mid 1.21 7.27 72.7 4.5 68.2
May 2 Late 1.08 7.02 70.2 0 70.2
May 3 Late 0.76 5.29 58.2 0 58.2
Jun 1 Late 0.44 3.29 32.9 0.1 32.8

678.1 161.5 532.2
3.3.3 Irrigation Scheduling

Currently, farmers are applying water through open earthen outlets located along the canal. Since
outlets have no control gate, farmers cannot regulate the flows into the command area. Farmers whose
land is in upstream use the water more than mid and end stream water users. The unregulated use of
water for upstream lands creates a water deficit for the mid and end stream lands. All open earthen
outlets are proposed to be rehabilitated as permanent offtakes with the installation of metallic gates. As
per crop water requirement calculations, there is enough water available in the canal. The main canal
size and offtake sizes are designed for the perennial flow of peak demand. 12 The table below shows the
irrigation schedule calculated by CROPWAT software.
Table 14: Irrigation schedule calculated by CROPWAT.
Date Day Stag Rain Ks Eta Dep Net Defic Los Gr. Flow
e l Irr it s Irr
mm frac % % mm mm mm mm l/s/ha
12
Focus group discussion.
14
t.
4/5/2020 141 Dev 0 1 100 57 181.9 0 0 259. 0.21
9
5/11/202 177 Mid 0 1 100 57 183.1 0 0 261. 0.84
0 5
6/10/202 End End 0 1 0 47
0

3.3.3.1 Soil Characteristic and Soil Tests

As per the instruction of consultants from Baghlan Agriculture and Veterinary Institute a total of 12
soil samples were taken from different points of whole command area, 2 samples per village/CDC. The
consultants tested the soil using different methods. As a result, they found that the dominant soil
texture class is Sandy Clay Loam. The soil pH ranged 7.5-8 which is slightly alkaloid. The maximum
rooting depth is estimated 650 cm. The maximum normal infiltration rate was 35 mm/day. The total
available soil moisture was 185 mm/meter in the targeted area. According to consultants, the soil along
the canal is well-structured and very good for the cultivation of crops and gardening. For more please
see the Annex 10.11
3.4 Management of the Irrigation system

3.4.1 Operation and maintenance
Farmers and key community members reported that WUA leads the operation and maintenance
activities. The board of directors has the responsibility of mobilizing farmers for maintenance
activities which are carried out one time a year in March. The operation and maintenance of the canal
include cleaning and stabilizing the hydraulic structures. These activities are implemented through
participatory work by community members, especially farmers and landowners. The implementation
takes four to five days each time. For operation and maintenance, they use local resources such as
shovels, pickaxes, sandbags, wood, and aggregates. If any key structure is damaged by natural hazards,
farmers will contribute to the cost of rehabilitation. For larger repairs, the community asks for
assistance from related governmental sectors. Two Mirabs are responsible to manage water
distribution. They follow traditional methods. The wages for Mirabs is 2kg per crop cultivated in
2000m2 (0.2 ha) of land. The water user association is responsible to prevent conflicts over water and
resolving the conflicts if occurred.13
4.5 Value Chain Wheat and Marketing of the Product
The farmers prefer wheat production because wheat is the basic need for consumption of the
community. The wheat produced (1,039.41 MT) is not sufficient to meet consumption requirements
(3,425.5 MT). Farmers sell much of their yield at harvesting time to supply other basic food items for
13
Focus group discussion with farmers and Mirab.
15
their family and to purchase inputs (fertilizer, seed, etc) for next season farming. Local traders buy the
produced wheat on-field during harvesting time and take it to market or local mills for flour
production. Traders sell the flour to the local market and villagers. The wheat price is not fixed but
depends on wheat availability and its volume in markets. The wheat price is generally lower in June
and July during the harvest time but increases throughout the year until May. The majority of the
farmers also do not have proper storage facilities and are forced to sell their crops before they spoil.
Standard storages could help farmers to keep their products for a few extra months and sell for higher
prices later in the year. The table below shows the wheat price in the Nahrin market between 2013 and
2019.14
Table 15: Wheat prices for each month in Nahrin Market.
Wheat price in USD/MT

Month Monthly
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Average
Jan $280.40 $280.40 $260.40 $260.40 $298.50 $306.20 $271.40 $279.67
Feb $280.40 $280.40 $270.40 $270.40 $319.80 $326.40 $296.30 $292.01
Mar $280.40 $280.40 $302.20 $302.20 $366.30 $335.50 $315.50 $311.79
Apr $290.50 $290.50 $302.20 $302.20 $366.30 $347.90 $329.40 $318.43
May $290.50 $290.50 $302.20 $302.20 $366.30 $347.90 $338.80 $319.77
Jun $201.90 $201.90 $210.50 $210.50 $219.70 $219.70 $183.10 $206.76
Jul $201.90 $201.90 $215.20 $215.20 $219.70 $219.70 $188.30 $208.84
Aug $220.50 $220.50 $219.70 $219.70 $219.70 $219.70 $195.30 $216.44
Sep $240.20 $240.20 $230.20 $230.20 $235.50 $225.40 $215.80 $231.07
Oct $240.20 $240.20 $230.20 $230.20 $235.50 $235.30 $228.50 $234.30
Nov $270.70 $270.70 $250.50 $250.50 $287.80 $286.60 $241.50 $265.47
Dec $270.70 $270.70 $250.50 $250.50 $298.50 $290.50 $255.60 $269.57
Yearly
Averag $255.69 $255.69 $253.68 $253.68 $286.13 $280.07 $254.96 $262.84
e
As per information provided by community members, individual farmers, association members, and
local traders there are many challenges threatening wheat value chain, verification and quantification
of these challenges need a detailed value chain study that requires more resources and time:
 Lack of improved or certified wheat seed: recently farmers are cultivating local seeds or
expired improved seeds that have released several years ago, continually growing of one type
of wheat seed through many seasons effects germination rate, purity, seed quality, and
productivity. Farmers are interested to cultivate improved seed varieties, but there are no
improved seed varieties available at the local and provincial levels.
14
Focus group discussion with farmers, local traders, retailers and Mirab.
16
 Lack of standard storages and seed banks: Currently farmers store their wheat traditionally in
their houses which causes increased losses. The traditional materials currently using as storage
also degrade the quality of the grain and decrease market price and demand. According to
farmers, there are no standard storage systems along the canal causing farmers to sell their
products immediately at a low price after harvesting.
 Lack of farmer awareness on agriculture best practices: farmers do not have good knowledge
of using new agriculture technologies and best practices, new cultivation methods, new
irrigation methods, and new harvesting methods.
 The weak linkage between chain actors: there is no efficient communication and linkage
between chain actors of value chain wheat. Therefore, the products are sold at low values
 Lack of marketing awareness: According to farmers, they do not evaluate and analyze the
market so, they sell their products any time they need cash especially during harvesting time
earning less income.
17
4 Analysis of ESIA
Hafiz Bacha canal is situated in the Nahrin district of Baghlan province and irrigates CDCs (Bashi
Qala, Logari Ha, Joyi, Shahr-e-Naw, Dasht-e-Qazi, and Hafiz Bacha). According to our focus group
discussion with the community member, 2,635 families will benefit from this canal. It will irrigate
684.4 ha agricultural lands for two seasons each year as well.
Hafiz Bacha canal is not near to national forests, protected areas, wilderness areas, wetlands, or critical
habitats. There are no endangered or threatened flora and fauna in the project site. Also, a significant
land disturbance will not exist in the canal path because it is a rehabilitation project. Some trees will
need to be cut down along the canal alignment, but the community has accepted this and will mitigate
this issue.
The finding indicates that the project will create temporary employment opportunities for inhabitants
during the project implementation in the form of skilled and unskilled workers. Vehicles of residents
will also be hired for transportation and loading. The women can be employed for cooking, baking,
and relative activities as well. This construction project can increase income through temporary and
sustainable employment opportunities for all community members including women and vulnerable
groups. All the groups in the communities will benefit from irrigation water according to local water
distribution rules. The project will not adversely affect the live condition of inhabitants, but it will
positively affect the facilitation of irrigation water and create employment opportunities to enhance
revenue.
At the time of the feasibility study, the area is not experiencing any security-related issues. The project
is not in an area with known cultural properties, such as archaeological, historical, or religious sites.
The canal crosses the flood route in just a single location, but the project intends to mitigate this issue.
There are no land disputes along with the project. There are no water disputes because the water use
association is active along the canal alignment, and (Mirab) local water distributer is responsible for
dispute resolution over the water distribution among the farmers. The project is not situated in an area
where the people have been displaced nor will it displace persons. The project neither requires the
transfer of land use nor temporary and permanent relocation of people. The project will not change
access to grazing, water resources, public services, and other resources and would not permanent or
temporary removal of the fruit trees or crops.
18
5 System Analysis
5.1 Analyzed problems of physical components
Intake/Weir
Current situation: A permanent intake structure made of plain cement concrete (PCC) installed with
a metallic gate exists but is at a higher elevation than the riverbed. The community uses stones,
sandbags, and tree branches to create temporary diversions into the intake, which requires considerable
maintenance and decreases amounts of water entering the intake.
Proposed rehabilitation activities: It is proposed to build an RCC weir and stone masonry wall on
one side of the river as a protection wall. It is also proposed to extend the left side stone wall of the
intake to be used as a protection wall as well. For detail drawing please see Annex 10.9
Impact after rehabilitation: After rehabilitation of the intake, enough water should be diverted
towards the canal, and there will be a control mechanism over the water flow. During the off-irrigation
season, the intake can be closed for maintenance. Also, the water flow can be controlled, and the canal
embankments will be protected.
Offtake
Current situation: There are 83 offtakes along the main and secondary canal of Hafiz Bacha. 42
offtakes have permanent structures equipped with gates and are functioning well. Three offtakes have
permanent structures with no gates. 38 offtakes are earthen open sections with no regulating gates to
control the water flow. Uncontrolled water flows through those 41 offtakes causing high water
wastage and water deficiency for downstream sections of the main and secondary canal.
Proposed rehabilitation activities: Provision of permanent stonemasonry structure with gates for 38
offtakes and installing a metallic gate for other three offtakes including necessary accessories. For
detail drawing please see Annex 10.9
Impact after rehabilitation: After rehabilitation of the offtakes, there will be a control mechanism
over the water flow. Since there will be metallic regulating gates, only required water discharge would
be diverted by the offtakes which help water availability for downstream users. Furthermore, the
farmers will be able to save their productive time to spend on the farm work instead of maintaining the
canal frequently.
The table below shows discharge supplied by each offtake for its consecutive command areas:
Table 16: Discharge supply by each offtake
Water discharge for each Offtake

No Offtake Name Chaina Command Water Discharge Supplied by
ge Area (ha) each Offtake (m3/sec) (CWR-
0.80 X Command area X
farm application efficiency-
60% X Canal conveyance
efficiency 60%)
19
Main canal
1 Existing off-take #01 0+524 2.57 0.0057

6 Proposed off-take #01 1+086 7.30 0.0162
47 End of main canal 6+935 34.80 0.0773
Sub Total Discharge for the Main canal M3/sec 1.3564
Secondary Canal

20
48 Existing off-take #01. S.C 0+064 2.10 0.0047
60 Proposed off-take #01. S.C 1+614 5.21 0.0116
Sub Total Discharge for the Main canal M3/sec 0.4531
Water Divider
Current Situation: There is one existing permanent water divider with no gate located at ch 2+016
which diverts water from the main canal into the secondary canal. Since it has no gate, uncontrolled
water flows into the secondary canal which causes water losses.
Proposed rehabilitation activities: Since the structure is already existing and working properly then
only a metallic gate is recommended. For detail drawing please see Annex 10.9
Impact after rehabilitation: After the installation of a metallic gate, the water flow through the
secondary canal will be controlled and water losses will be decreased.
21
Stonemasonry Protection Wall (49m)
Current Situation: At ch (5+478 to 5+527) the main canal gets flooded and destroyed which creates a
water shortage to the downstream command area. Farmers are resolving this problem using sandbags
and dry-stone walls to protect the canal as a temporary solution, but this only lasts a season.
Proposed rehabilitation activities: Provision of a new stonemasonry protection wall is proposed (for
detail please see Annex 10.9).
Impact after rehabilitation: After the construction of the stone masonry protection wall, the leakage
problem will be fully controlled at this part. Once the leakage is controlled, the canal flow capacity
will increase, and it will help the water availability to the downstream. In addition, the farmers will be
able to save their time to focus on their work instead of maintaining the canal frequently.
Canal Lining (676m)
Current Situation: Some places of main and the secondary canal, the embankments, and the bed of
the canal are in very bad condition with high seepage problems due to sandy soil and no soil support
besides the embankment.
Proposed rehabilitation activities: Provision of new stone masonry canal lining is proposed (for
detail please see Annex 10.9).
Impact after rehabilitation: After the construction of the canal lining, the canal will be strengthened
at those parts and the seepage problem will be resolved. It will allow sufficient water for downstream
users. In addition, the farmers will be able to save their time to focus on their farm work instead of
maintaining the canal frequently.
5.1.1 Existing Hydraulic bottlenecks and solution proposed

Throughout the main canal, there is no bottlenecks problem, but at the end part of the secondary canal,
there are bottlenecks situation in some places. Location of hydraulic bottlenecks, its exiting width,
proposed new width including the type of improvements work is tabulated below. Detailed calculation
of canal design is presented in Annex 10.8. the table below shows the hydraulic bottlenecks.
Table 17: Hydraulic Bottlenecks.
Hydraulic Bottlenecks Analysis

Chainage Existing bottleneck Design width for Proposed Type of
From To width in meter (i.e. drawing in meter (i.e. canal (i.e. Solution)
Problem) Solution)
Secondary canal
2+798 2+900 0.70 1.00 Pro. Earthen canal
improvement
improvement
improvement
22
2+976 2+994 1.00 1.20 Proposed canal lining
improvement
improvement
improvement
improvement
improvement
improvement
5.2 Analyzed problems of Institution O&M

Hafiz Bacha canal has a registered water user association which has the responsibility of operation and
maintenance. Operation and maintenance is participatory work managed by the water user association
and implemented by community members. The available tools (wood, stone, bags, shovel, hack, etc.)
are used for this purpose.15 The canal requires cleaning at least two times a year, but there are no
official fund-raising mechanisms for operation and maintenance activities. As per discussions with
stakeholders detailed in Section 4.4.1, routine maintenance often only occurs once a year in March due
to funding limitatins. Therefore, AKF under the EIDA project will help the community in creating a
mechanism to raise funds for operation and maintenance. AKF will implement capacity building
programs to enable the community and WUA to properly manage the canal affairs and effective
utilization of water.
5.3 Analyzed problems of agricultural practices

According to farmers and Mirab, below are the major problems in the agriculture practices along the
canal which can be addressed by proper analysis, specific action plan and regular follow up training
with farmers through the forum of farmer field school (FFS).
 Land preparation and cultivation methods: farmers follow the traditional method of land
preparation and cultivation. They deeply plow the land three times per crop cultivation. This
damages the soil texture and kills the useful microorganisms which have a vital role in
breaking up organic materials for fertilizing soil. This method of land preparation has adverse
effects on land leveling and water utilization. Farmers prefer the broadcasting system which
requires a higher seeding rate increasing production costs and decreasing farmer income.
15
Focus group discussion with farmers and Mirab.
23
 Irrigation methods: farmers are using basin irrigation methods. As a result, damping-off
increases, organic materials of soil are washed away, weed seeds are spread, and water is
over-applied to the fields, and water losses increase.
 Application of fertilizers and pesticides: Farmers are not using organic materials to fertilize
command areas. They are using high rates of fertilizers and pesticides. As a result, cultivation
cost increases, environmental pollution occurs beneficial insect decreases, and negative
impact on production increases.
EIDA I &II is focusing on irrigation and wheat increment based on quality and quantity creating the
opportunity for farmers to increase income.
24
6 Engineering
6.1 Design parameter
Please see a complete design calculation report in Annex 10.8
6.2 Preliminary Design of Structures Proposed
In Hafiz Bacha irrigation canal, there are mainly following kinds of structures:
1. Improvement of Intake
2. Off-take
3. Water divider
4. Stonemasonry protection wall
5. Canal lining
These structures are described below in the 3D view.
Canal lining (general): (For detailed drawings please see Annex 10.9 and for detailed design
calculations please see Annex 10.8
3D view of canal lining (simple lining)
25
Off-take (For detailed drawings please see Annex 10.9 and for detailed design calculations please see
Annex 10.8)
3D view of offtake (simple)
Canal lining (one side protection wall): (For detailed drawings please see Annex 10.9 and for
detailed design calculations please see Annex 10.8)
3D view of canal lining (one side protection wall)
26
Embankment improvement: (For detailed drawings please see Annex 10.9 and for detailed design
calculations please see Annex 10.8)
3D view of Embankment improvement
27
7 Cost estimation and financial analysis
7.1 Costs for the individual measures
Detailed quantity and cost analysis are presented in the separate Annex 10.7
Summary of the project cost is presented in the table below.
Table 18: Costs for individual measures
Cost Summary for Hafiz Bacha canal

S Descriptions of Items Cost in USD
n
1 Site clearance, mobilization, demobilization, $6,954.00
Water diversion, setting the alignment
2 Construction of Weir $136,383.28
3 Construction of general offtakes including $38,478.90
masonry wall and metallic gate
4 Construction of the sidewall $3,542.10
5 Construction canal lining work $4,246.84
6 Construction canal lining covered work $95,993.65
7 Earthen canal improvement works $1,054.96
9 Construction of spillway $9,294.98

Total Project Cost (USD) $295,948.71
8.1.1 Cost-Benefit Analysis

Rehabilitation of the Hafiz Bacha canal seems logical and economical investment with the potential of
a good rate of return. The total rehabilitation cost is €266,620.46 ($295,948.71). The project has the
potential to generate an additional income of $593.65 per farming family with an investment of just
€608.58 per hectare (or €14.45 per capita investment). Furthermore, this project will generate 266
seasonal employment with a value of $142,025.63 each year. Rehabilitation of this canal may
encourage farmers to grow high-value crops which will result in more revenue generation and more
employment opportunities. This increment in income does not include additional income generated
through increase production under WVC (transportation, flour mills, etc.). That will be an additional
income generation for the economy. Please refer to an agro-economy calculation provided in Annex-
10.12. The table below shows project costs in different rations.
28
Table 19: Project cost in different rations.
Hafiz Bacha Canal

Families 2,635
Individuals 13,175
Command Area 684.4
Villages/CDC 6
Project cost in USD $ 295,948.71
Project cost Euro € 266,620.46
Project Costs in Euro
Project Cost/capita € 14.45
Project Cost/ hectare € 389.57
Project Cost/ seasonal command area € 608.58
Project Cost/ CDC € 44,436.74
Other benefits:
Rehabilitation of this canal will help farmers to save a lot of their time which they spend on opening
and closing the offtake or diverting water. Assume that in the current practice farmers spend an
average of 20 minutes on the opening and closing of the outlets during irrigation time. Post
rehabilitation, farmers will spend maximum five minutes to operate the gates. Hence, each farmer will
save 15 minutes in operating the gates. Considering this points, all farmers along the canal will save an
average of 420.31 working days with a value of €1,681.25 every year.
Table 20: Indirect benefits of the project (farmers' time saving).
Indirect Benefits
Farmers Time Saved on each irrigation (annually)
Number of Number of Average Time Total time Number of Total

Active farmers irrigations Spend on Operating spend working days value in
each year of the offtake in (minutes) euro
minutes
15 201,750 420.31 1,681.25
1,345 10
Note: To get this value it is assumed that there will be 1345 active farmers along the canal and each
farmer will practice this action average 10 times in a year. By multiplying 1345 (farmers) with 10
(times of irrigation) and with 15 (minutes spend each time) we will see that farmers will spend
420.31 working days on this practice with a value of € 1,681.25(4 euro/ day). The table below
shows detailed calculations in this regard.
Post rehabilitation, the canal will help more feed production for livestock. This will result in extra
meat and milk production resulting in extra income to the farmers. Assume that post-rehabilitation
29
each farmer produces 100-liter extra milk and assumes that there will 1,345 farmers along the canal, so
they will produce 134,500-litre extra milk. If the price of liter milk is 0.3 euro, the total extra income
generation will be 40,350 euros.
Also, assume that each farmer raises one extra sheep every year; 1,345 farmers (families) will raise
1,345 sheep in total annually. Assume that the value of each sheep is 60 euro, the total value of sheep
production along the canal will be 80,700 euro each year. The table below shows detailed calculations
in this regard.
Table 21: Indirect benefits of the project (livestock production).
Income Generated Through Livestock Production

Milk Production
Number of Extra milk Total Extra Value of milk The total value of
Active farmers production/ milk (liter/euro) extra milk
farmers(liter) production production (euro)
(liter)
1,345 100 134,500 0.3 40,350
Sheep Production
Number of Extra sheep raised Total Extra Value of each The total value of
Active farmers per farmer sheep raised sheep in euro raised sheep in
Euro
1,345 1 1,345 60 80,700
Sustainability of the project

Post rehabilitation farmers will have standard structures. The operation and maintenance of these
structures will be efficient and cost effective. The irrigation fee which will be collected by the water
user association will ensure the viability of the operation and maintenance program. Assume that the
post-rehabilitation of the operation and maintenance committee will collect around 1,368.80 euros
annually. This money will be spent on the operation and maintenance of the canal which will help the
sustainability of the canal for a longer time. The table below shows the detailed calculation
Table 22: Calculation for Sustainability.
Sustainability of the Canal
30
Irrigation fee collected by Operation and Maintenance Committee
Irrigation Fee/ ha (euro) Command Area (ha) Annual Fee Collection
2 684.4 1,368.80
Social Benefits (Reduction in conflict over water)

Post rehabilitation, this canal will supply sufficient water to all parts of the canal. This will result in a
reduction of social conflicts over water distribution and water use.
Irrigation Water Management (Capacity Building of the water users)

Post rehabilitation, the water user groups will be established, and they will be fully trained on efficient
water management, irrigation scheduling and operation, and maintenance. This will lead to efficient
and effective water management along the canal.
Land and Soil Protection

Post rehabilitation, there will be less soil erosion or land erosion due to water seepage and water run-
off. This will lead to sustainable land management and will decrease associated costs.
31
8 Conclusion
The table below shows the existing situation of the irrigation system i.e. pre rehabilitation and benefits
of post-rehabilitation.
Table 23: Comparison of pre and post-rehabilitation conditions.
Pre-rehabilitation Post-rehabilitation
Cultivable Command Area: Cultivable Command area:
There is a total of 684.4 hectares of the Post rehabilitation, the canal will supply sufficient
command area. 328.4 hectares is double water to allow double cropping of the whole
cropped, 356 hectares is single cropped. command area (684.4 hectares)
Wheat production: Wheat production:

Currently, the average wheat production is After rehabilitation of the canal, the tail end
along the canal 1.8 MT/ha. Wheat command area will receive sufficient water which
production is currently lower than the FAO will result in higher production. We expect 14%
standards for irrigated land. (please see detailed calculation in Annex 10.12)
increase in wheat production; so, the average
production will increase up to 2.1 MT/ha or higher.
Also, we expect a 14% increase in all other corps
yields.
Income regeneration: Income generation:
Currently, the total command area generates The post-rehabilitation canal will generate
a production value of $1,555,984.40 from $2,212,412.59 from all crops.
all crops. (Please see detailed calculation in (Please see detailed calculation in Annex 10.12)
Annex 10.12)
Employment: Employment:
Currently, a large portion of the farmer Post rehabilitation canal will create 266 seasonal
groups is either seasonally employed or employment which mostly benefits unemployed and
unemployed. seasonal unemployed people along the canal. The
total value of the job creation will be around
$142,025.63 (Please see detailed calculation in
Annex 10.12)
Operation and Maintenance: Operation and Maintenance:
Currently, there is a traditional Operation The post-rehabilitation canal will have a formal
and Maintenance along the canal which is operation and maintenance committee. Also, the
led by head of CDCs. canal will have water user groups. They will fully be
trained on operation and maintenance and irrigation
water management. This will give a good result in
32
irrigation water management.
9 Annexes
9.1 Map of Irrigation System
9.2 Map of Agricultural Area
9.3 Crop Water Requirement and agricultural calendar
9.4 Picture documentation
9.5 Structure of WUA/IA including O&M work plan
9.6 ESIA checklist
9.7 Unit rates for cost estimation
9.8 Design parameter
9.9 Drawings
9.10 Tentative implementation plan
9.11 Result of soil test
9.12 Canal Agro-economy Calculation
9.13 Water discharge measurement calculation of river and canal
9.14 Existing Situation and proposed structure
9.15 Large Size Maps
9.16 Schematic diagram
9.17 Letter of hydrograph from Authority
33

FS Report Hafiz Bacha Canal Revised 7.21.2020 Revised

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2 Relevant Frame Conditions

2.2 Water Source for the Irrigation System

Comparing CROPWAT calculations to Nahrin River discharge measurements indicates there is

Table 1: Required monthly discharge based on Crop Water Requirement Calculation

Months Net Area to be Area to be Monthly Discharge Average Monthly

Jan 0.01 70 479.08 0.013 3.61

Water discharge flow diagram

2.2.2 Discharge Figures of the Resource

Name of the source: Nahrin River

2.2.4 Water Resource Management

No. of Command Area (ha)

2.4 Agro-economic figures

First Crop Second Crop (Pre-Rehabilitation)

Crop Command Command Command Command

1 wheat 462.6 67.6 1 Vetch 130 19

First Crop Second Crop (Post-Rehabilitation

Command Area (ha)

3.2.1 Cultivation of Crop with Special Focus on Wheat

Table 5: Crops production and Market price.

N Crop Productio Productio Annual Market Total Income/ ha

Table 6: Wheat Production Figures for five years.

Wheat Production Figures along Hafiz Bacha canal (MT/ha)

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Average Production

1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8

No Name Families Wheat Comma Wheat Annua Annual Sol Wheat

Summary of annual crop production and consumption in MT

No. Crop Annual Production in MT Annual Consumption in

2 Flax 13.86 184.45

3 Sesame 13.75 184.45

4 Onion 5029.5 474.3

5 Almond 13.65 63.24

6 Vetch 208 94.86

7 Maize 50.93 395.25

Detailed calculation of annual crop production and consumption in MT

No Na No. Type of Com Produ Produ Annual Food Sold to Need

Onion 10.3 52.5 540.75 0.18 51.66 489.09 0

Onion 0 52.5 0 0.18 51.48 0 51.48

3 347 Barley 21.2 1.8 38.16 0.14 48.58 0 10.42

Onion 0 52.5 0 0.18 129.78 0 129.78

Onion 12.6 52.5 661.5 0.18 52.92 608.58 0

Onion 51.7 52.5 2714.2 0.18 126 2588.2 0

3.2.2 Employment Figures

N Name Populatio Employment percentage

Table 10: Farmers busy in wheat production and other crops

3.1.1 Overview map

3.1.4 Secondary Channels Connected to Main Channel

3.2.1 Size of land and type of cultivation

3.2.2 Seasonal crop calendar

Table 11: Seasonal Calendar

Cropping Calendar for Hafiz Bacha Irrigation Canal

Total Pre-rehablitation Fist Season 684.4 ha Second season 328.4 ha

3.3 Distribution of Water to the Fields

3.3.2 Crop Water Requirements

3.3.2.1 Application of Water on Wheat Fields

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

3.3.3 Irrigation Scheduling

Table 14: Irrigation schedule calculated by CROPWAT.

3.3.3.1 Soil Characteristic and Soil Tests

3.4 Management of the Irrigation system

4.5 Value Chain Wheat and Marketing of the Product

Table 15: Wheat prices for each month in Nahrin Market.

Wheat price in USD/MT