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INDUSTRIAL INTRODUCTION

1.1. Fertilizer Industry

1.1.1. Industrial Concept
Agriculture which accounts for about one seventh of the GDP,
provides sustenance to nearly two-third of our population. Besides, it
provides crucial backward and forward linkages to the rest of the
economy. Successive five year plans have laid emphasis on self
sufficiency and self-reliance in food grain production and concerted
efforts in this direction have resulted in substantial increase in agriculture
production and productivity.
Fertilizer is a substance added to soil to improve plants' growth and
yield. First used by ancient farmers, fertilizer technology developed
significantly as the chemical needs of growing plants were discovered.
Modern synthetic fertilizers are composed mainly of nitrogen,
phosphorous, and potassium compounds with secondary nutrients added.
The use of synthetic fertilizers has significantly improved the quality and
quantity of the food available today, although their long-term use is
debated by environmentalists.

1.1.2. Industrial Product

Fertilizers are classified in several ways. They are classified

according to whether they provide a single nutrient (e.g., K, P, or N), in
which case they are classified as "straight fertilizers." "Multi nutrient
fertilizers" (or "complex fertilizers") provide two or more nutrients, for
example N and P.
Fertilisers can also be classified based on physical form:
1. Solid
2. Liquid fertilizers

Solid fertilizers are in several forms viz.

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1. Powder (single superphosphate),

2. Crystals (ammonium sulphate),
3. Prills (urea, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate),
4. Granules (Holland granules),
5. Supergranules (urea supergranules) and
6. Briquettes (urea briquettes).

Figure 1.1. Urea pills, granulated urea, ammonium sulphate

Liquid fertilizers:

1. Liquid form fertilizers are applied with irrigation water or for direct
application.

Fertilizer

Figure 1.2. Fertilizer

1.1.3. Identification of Feedstock

In 2018, Asia-Pacific was the largest geographical segment of the
market studied and accounted for a share of around 60% of the overall
market. The fertilizer industry was heavily challenged in 2016. It was
confronted with uneven global nutrient demand, soft economic prospects,
depressed crop prices, rising market competition, and volatile energy

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prices. This combination created high uncertainty in the fertilizer market

throughout the year.
All the largest complex fertilizer manufacturing companies in
Indonesia are part of Indonesia Holding Company (public / state-owned
enterprise) and over 90% of the domestic consumption of complex
fertilizers were subsidized by the government as of December 2017.

Figure 1.3. Indonesia fertilizer market 2015-2017

1.1.4. Type of Industry
Fertilizer industry includes the basic chemical industry. Basic
chemical industry is an industry that requires large fund, high expertise,
and advance technology. Fertilizer industry belongs to the agrochemical
industry. Agrochemical industry is a very vast field and deals with
production and distribution of pesticides and fertilizers to increase the crop
yields. Pesticides also find utility for animal and public health, as
disinfectant, for home cares etc.
1.1.5. Process Description
1.1.5.1. Unit Operation
The fertilizers outlined here are compound fertilizers
composed of primary fertilizers and secondary nutrients. These
represent only one type of fertilizer, and other single nutrient types are
also made.
Primary fertilizers include substances derived from nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium. Various raw materials are used to produce
these compounds. When ammonia is used as the nitrogen source in a
fertilizer, one method of synthetic production requires the use of

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natural gas and air. The phosphorus component is made using sulfur,
coal, and phosphate rock. The potassium source comes from
potassium chloride, a primary component of potash.
Secondary nutrients are added to some fertilizers to help make
them more effective. Calcium is obtained from limestone, which
contains calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, and calcium
magnesium carbonate. The magnesium source in fertilizers is derived
from dolomite. Sulfur is another material that is mined and added to
fertilizers. Other mined materials include iron from ferrous sulfate,
copper, and molybdenum from molybdenum oxide.
The process of making urea fertilizer is divided into 6 units,
which are:
1. Synthesis Unit
2. Unit Purification
3. Crystalliser Unit
4. Granulating Unit
5. Recovery Unit
6. Condensate Treatment Unit Process
a. Synthesis Unit
This unit is the most important part of the urea plant, to
synthesize urea by reacting liquid NH 3and CO 2 gas in the reactor and
recycled carbamate solution is also added. The operation solution is

Kg
175 . Urea synthesis results are sent to purification section to
Cm2
separate the ammonium carbamate and its excess ammonia after
stripping by CO 2 .

Figure 1.4. Reactions in synthesis unit

Reaction 1 is fast and exothermic and essentially goes to
completion under the reaction conditions used industrially. Reaction 2
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is slower and endothermic and does not go to completionPurification

unit
Unconverted carbamate ammonium and excess ammonia in the
synthesis unit are decomposed and separated. The simplest way to
decompose the carbamate toCO 2 .and NH 3 requires the reactor effluent

Kg Kg
to be depressurised and heated, at 17 2 and 22.2 . The
Cm Cm2
decomposition solution is sent to the crystalliser section
b. Crystalliser Unit
Urea solution from the purification unit is crystallized in this
section by vacuum, then urea crystals are separated in a centrifugal
mixer. The heat needed to evaporate water is taken from the sensible
heat of the urea solution, as well as the crystallization heat of urea.
c. Granulating Unit
Urea crystals are dried up to 99.8% by weight with air, then
sent to the top of the granulating tower to ne melted and distributed
evenly to the distributor. One method of granulation involves putting
the solid materials into a rotating drum which has an inclined axis. As
the drum rotates, pieces of the solid fertilizer take on small spherical
shapes. Finally, the particles are dried, completing the granulation
process.
The different types of particles are blended together in
appropriate proportions to produce a composite fertilizer. After
mixing, the fertilizer is emptied onto a conveyor belt, which transports
it to the bagging machine.
d. Recovery Unit
Recovery unit is a unit that is use for recycling ammonia gas
and carbon dioxide. Recycling is carried out in 2 stages of absorption.
The recycled gas is then sent back to the synthesis unit.
e. Condensate Treatment Unit Process

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Condensate treatment unit is a unit that works to recycle a

small amount of urea condensate, water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia
which are made during the cristalization process.
1.1.5.2. Block Flow Diagram

Figure 1.5. Block flow diagram of urea fertilizer

Figure 1.6. Block flow of urea fertilizer

1.1.6. Waste Treatment
The existing practices in the fertilizer industry employ well
established physico-chemical/biological methods of treatment. It is,
however, essential to evolve better techno-economic alternatives that

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effectively treat different effluents and reduce overall cost of ETP. Two
such methods are adsorption and hydrodynamic cavitation. In adsorption,
Adsorption is a well established technique for removal of organics,
metals and colours. Thus, in this regard, it can easily serve in reducing the
COD of the effluent. Screening of the adsorbent is very important since
hundreds of commercial adsorbents of different types are available or can
be made. Activated carbons are commonly employed adsorbents that are
derived from a variety of sources and are available from a very cheap to
expensive materials

Figure 1.7. Schematic representation of Hydrodynamic cavitation method f

or treatment of wastewater.
The processes for removal recovery of ammonia nitrogen basically
fall in two categories:
(1) Physio-chemical processes, and
(2) Biological processes.
a. Physio-Chemical Processes:

These include air stripping, steam stripping and ion exchange. The
picture shows a flow diagram for the treatment of ammoniacal effluent by
air/steam stripping process, and shows a flow diagram for the treatment of
ammoniacal effluent by ion exchange process.

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Figure 1.8. Flow diagram for treatment of ammonical effluent by air/steam stripping
process

Figure 1.9. Flow diagram for treatment of ammonical sewage by ion exchange
process
b. Biological Processes:
Biological nitrification and denitrification can reduce ammonia
nitrogen content of the effluent to a very low level. This process is being
adopted in municipal sewage treatment for years. The picture shows a flow
diagram for the treatment of dilute ammonia and urea bearing effluent by
biological nitrification and denitrification.

Figure 2.1. Flow diagram for treatment of dilute ammonia and bearing effluent by
biological nitrification and denitrification

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1.2. Chemical Medicine Industry

1.2.1. Industrial Concept
Medicines are substances that influences biological functions when
administrated to a living organisms. Chemical/synthetic medicine are the
ones that uses man-made chemicals rather than natural ingredients. The
industry discover, develop, manufacture and market medicines for human
and animal health (Gennaro 1990).
This industry is largely driven by scientific discovery and
development and mixed with clinical experience. Industrial chemicals are
used both in researching and developing bulk substances and finished
pharmaceutical products. Medicine substances exhibit a wide range of
pharmacological activity and toxicological properties. Medicine industry
products contains active pharmaceutical ingredients to carry the agents that
would create the biological effect and excepients to carry the API.
1.2.2. Industrial Product
There are a lot of products in the pharmaceutical industry. The
products of pharmaceutical industry (focusing on chemical/synthetic
medicines) are divided into categories based on its’ uses and its’ forms.
The usage category are classified into which human body/animal
system are targeted by the medicine. The category is divided as follows:
Table 1.1. Medicine products based on targets

Central nervous system Renal and cardiovascular system Gastrointestinal system

Analgesics Antidiabetics: Biguanides, Gastrointestinal agents:

Glycosidase inhibitors, Insulins, Antacids, Antiflatulents,
Anaesthetics: General and local Sulphotryforeas Antidiarrhoeals, Antiemetics,
Antispasmodics, Laxatives,
Anticonvulsants Cardioprotective agents: Prostaglandins
Adrenergic blockers, Stimulants,
Migraine preparations: Beta Angiotensin inhibitors,
adrenergic blocking agents, Antiarrhythmics, Calcium
Serotonin receptor antagonists channel blockers, Diuretics,
Vasodilators, Vasodepressors

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Narcotics: Opates

Psychotherapeutics: Antianxiety
agents, Antidepressants

Sedatives and hypnotics:

Barbituates, Benzodiazepine

Table 1.2. Medicine products based on targets

Anti infectives and target organs Immune system

Systemic anti-infectives: AIDS therapies, Analgesics: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

Amebicides, Anthelmintics, Antibiotics, agents·(NSAIDs)
Antifungals, Antimalarials, Sulphonamides,
Cephalosporins, penicillins, tetracyclines, etc. Biological response modifiers: Alpha proteinase
inhibitors, Antitoxins, Immune serums, Toxoids,
Respiratory agents: Antitussives, Bronchodilators, Vaccines
Decongestants, Expectorants
Antifibrosis therapy
Skin and mucous membrane agents: Acne
preparations, Allergans, Anti-infectives, Burn Immunodilators and immuno-suppressives
preparations, Emollients
Multiple sclerosis management
Urinary tract agents: Anti-inflectives,
Antispasmodics

Vaginal preparations: Antifungals

Table 1.3. Medicine products based on targets

Chemotherapy Blood and blood-forming organs Endocrine system

Antineoplastics: Adjunct Blood modifiers: Diagnostics: Adreno cortical

therapy, Alkylating agents, Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet steroids, Glucocorticoids,
Antibiotics, Antimetabolites, agents, Haemantinics, Gondotropins, Hypothalamic
Hormones, Immuno-modulators Haemostatics, Plasma fractions dysfunction, Thyroid function
test
Vasodilators
Hormones: Adreneal cortical
Cerebral· vasodilators steroid inhibitors, Anabolic
steroids, Androgens, Oestrogens,
Gonadotropins, Growth
hormone, Progesterone

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The top 8 products sales are oncology agents, iipid regulators,

respiratory agents, acid pump inhibitors, antidiabetics, antipsychotics,
angiotensin antagonists, and antidepressants. Medicine industry products
are also divided into different dosage forms into tablets, capsules, liquids,
powders, creams, ointments, etc.

1.2.3. Identification of Feedstock

Medicine industry feedstocks includes active pharmaceutical
ingredients (API) and inactive ingredients called excipients. APIs are the
bulk substances that generates a desired pharmacological effects such as
alvimopan, sparfloxacin, sapropterin dihydrochloride, nicotinic acid, etc.
Excipient such as antiadherents, binders, coating, disintegrants, and fillers
are used to carry the APIs.
The raw materials used in APIs are based on the derivatives. The
chlorine derivatives that are used are monochlorobenzene and
orthodichlorobenzene. Monochlorobenzene (MCB) belongs to the family
of organic halogen compounds that formed by direct chlorination reaction
of benzene. In pharmaceutical industry it is commonly used in paracetamol
synthesis, production of vitamin B6, and production of zoledronic acid.
Orthodichlorobenzene is well known as high boiling point solvent.
The phosphorus derivatives used are phosphorus trichloride and
phosphorus oxychloride. Phosphorus trichloride is commonly used for
chlorination reagent and substrate for the synthesis of biophosphonates
that would benefit as bone diseases therapeutic agents like osteoporosis.
Phoshorus oxychloride is commonly used for reagent in cyclisation
process and substrate for the synthesis of catalysts.
The raw materials used in the excipients are macrogols such as
polyethylene glycols (PEG). PEG has several main advantages as the raw
materials of excipients they have high stabillity, a good thickener so can be
used for eye droppers, can lead to white pasty ointment with good
sollubility in water and can be used in tablet formulations, production of
capsules, and tablet coatings.

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1.2.4. Type of Industry

Medicine industry is a part of pharmaceutical industry.
Pharmaceutical industry is very important in improving health all around
the world. This sector is highly competitive and the production is highly
concentrated in industrialized countries such as USA, Japan, Germany, and
France, where two - third of the medicine in this world are made. Large
volume markets of lower price medicine exists in China and India.
There are a lot of factors that can affect the pharmaceutical
industry. This industry is operated in both national and multinational
markets. Therefore, there are a lot of regulations and policies relating to
development, approval, manufacturing, quality control, and marketing.
Scientists, pharmacists, public, and health care providers like doctors,
dentists, and nurse also influence this industry.
This industry is also divided again into several company types. The
drug development industry manufactures APIs, generic drugs (off-
patented, cost-effective drugs using no specific brand name), and patent
drugs. The drug marketing facilitate sales to help increase the market reach
of drugs. There is also supply chain and R&D companies.
1.2.5. Process Description
1.2.5.1. Unit of Operations
- Mixers
Mixers utilizes the process of thoroughly combining different
materials to produce a homogenous product. Blender is one of mixing
equipment that mixes solid-solid materials.
- Granulators
The manufacturing process of pharmaceutical products uses
granulation process. There are two types of granulation: dry
granulation and wet granulation. Wet granulation is commonly used
for the production of compressed tablet. API and excipient are sifted
and are mixed together by utilizing the dry mixing process. The
materials are then dried and then milled using 16/20 mass sieves. The
process is finalized by lubrication. Dry granulation is not widely used

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and it is used when tablet excipients have sufficient inherent binding

properties. Dry granulation does not involve liquid lubrication. The
API and excipient are dispensed and mixed together through dry
mixing. They are then passed through compactors that forms slugs.
The slugs are then milled or crushed until the right size of granule is
obtained.
- Dryer
During pharmaceutical manufacturing operations, water or
solvent-wet solids are dried. Dryers have different designs and feature
with different control of vapours.
- Tablet press
Tablet press is a mechanical machine that compresses
powders into uniform size and shape of tablets containing the same
quantity of API.
- Filter
Solids and liquids are separated during filtration operations.
Filters have different designs with differentcontrol of liquids and
vapours.
1.2.5.2. Block Flow Diagram

Figure 2.2. Block flow of pharmaceutical products block flow

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Figure 2.3. Block flow of typical tablets manufacture

1.2.6. Waste Management
Incineration is an effective method of waste disposal. Incinerators
convert waste materials into heat, gas, steam, and ash. Unfortunately, it is
not recommended because this process creates high emission of gaseous
pollutant.
Incineration induces chemical reactions, too. Combustion is
oxidation of anything that will burn, and most pharmaceuticals are organic
compounds that will burn with sufficient temperature, oxygen, and time.
The waste from research and development industry section are
either incinerated or rendered. Incinerators convert waste materials into
heat, gas, steam and ash.

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CHAPTER 2
INNOVATION PRODUCT

1.1. Product Description

This serum is enriched with active anti-aging ingredients in the form of
collagen which produce anti-oxidants and anti-glycation to inhibit the appearance
of wrinkles, moisturize the skin, brighten the skin, disguise the sign of premature
aging, and can treat facial skin elasticity.
The main focus of this serum is nano collagen (collagen with a very small
particle size ) with the best anti-oxidants, anti-glycation, and anti-tyrosinase
activity compare to ordinary collagen.
1.1.1. Raw Material
The main ingredient of this serum consists of collagen derived
from chicken bones and in addition serum consist of several ingredients
such as amino acids, glycerin, vitamins, and other essential ingredients.
1.1.2. Manufacturing Process
- Sample Preparation
Sample preparation is done by cleaning the chicken bones (Gallus
gallus domesticus), then the chicken bones are boiled until boiling. After
boiling, the chicken bones are cooled and separated from the meat which is
still attached. The clean bones are then crushed to facilitate the drying
process. The bone is dried using a cabinet dryer for 6 hours to 40 ° C until
dry sample is obtained through the determination of water content. The dry
sample is then pulverized to obtain 60-100 mesh powder.
- Determination of water content, fat content, and protein content
Determination of sample water content refers to AOAC (2012)
using the direct heating method. Determination of protein content using
the Kjeldahl method and fat content using the Soxhlet method are
conducted according to SNI 01-2891-1992
The result is chemical composition of the tibia bone and the bone
residues obtained after the treatments are given in Table 1.4 and Effects of
the treatments on chemical composition and HYP concentration are

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summarized in Table 1.5. According to the results, dry matter of chicken

bone is composed of 3 major components including protein (57.73%),
minerals (6.93%) and fats (15.23%), suggesting that there are 2 major
components to be removed for collagen isolation, namely fats and
minerals. HYP concentration of the original bone samples was calculated
to be 1.35% on wet weight basis. Schematic process flow of this isolation
procedure is given in Fig. 2.3.

Sample Moisture Crude fat Crude Crude nitrogen Protein Total organic Total dry
mineral (N×5.4) matter matter

Chicken Bone 57.51)±0.2 9.5±0.1 14.7±0.4 2.89±0.10 15.6±0.5 27.8 42.5

CL Residue 57.4±0.2 7.2±0.2 15.0±0.3 2.88±0.05 15.5±0.2 27.6 42.6

DM Residue 67.0±0.1 7.5±0.2 2.8±0.2 3.04±0.04 16.4±0.2 30.2 33.0

DG Residue 70.1±0.3 5.1±0.1 2.3±0.1 2.94±0.03 15.9±0.2 27.6 29.9

Table 1.4. Composition of bone and bone residues after treatment of CL,DM, and DG (%)

Table 1.5. Cumulavitve loss in macro-nutrients and HYP content during CL, DM, and DG

Sample Weight Fat loss Mineral loss Protein loss HYP loss HYP con HYP/Pro ratio
loss (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

Chicken Bone NA NA NA NA NA 1.35 ±0.02 8.66

CL Residue 6.11) 28.9 4.0 6.4 13.8 1.24 ±0.03 7.98

DM Residue 17.9 35.2 84.2 13.4 14.3 1.41 ±0.07 8.58

DG Residue 20.2 57.1 87.5 18.6 14.9 1.44 ±0.06 9.06

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Figure 2.4. Optimized process flow for isolation of chicken bone collagen

- Collagen isolation

Isolation of collagen from chicken bones in this study was

begun by immersion of dried bone samples using 3 variations of NaOH
concentration, namely 0.05 M; 0.10 M; and 0.20 M with a ratio of 1:10
(w / v) for 48 hours. The bones were then immersed in a 1 M CH3COOH
solution at a ratio of 1:10 (w / v) for 24 hours. The filtrate obtained was
then filtered using Whatman No.1 filter paper. The collagen obtained is
then dried with a freeze-dryer.

- Reduction in collagen size

Collagen obtained from the immersion treatment of the best

NaOH solution was dissolved in distilled water at a ratio of 1:2 and resized
with the aid of magnetic strirrer at 1000 rpm with a variation of time of 6
and 8 hours. The results were then tested for particle size using PSA and
then tested for antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-
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picrylhydrazyl) method, anti-glycation, and tyrosinase inhibitors.Block

flow diagram can be seen in Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5. Block flow diagram Chicken bones’ nano collagen

- Determination of anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and tyrosinase inhibitor

activity

Determination of anti-oxidant activity was carried out using the

DPPH method referring to Batubara et al (2009). Samples with certain
concentrations were then taken 100 µL, put into a 96 well microplate and
added with 0.3 mM DPPH of 100 µL, then incubated for 30 minutes in a
dark room. The absorbance of the sample was measured using an ELISA
reader at a wavelength of 517 nm.

The anti-glycation method refers to Povichit (2010). All test

solutions were incubated at 60 ° C for 40 hours. After incubation, the
solution is then piped as much as 100 µL into a 96-well plate. The relative
amount of BSA that is glycated is measured using a fluorometer at an
excitation wavelength of 370 nm and 440 nm emission.

Determination of tyrosinase inhibitory activity refers to

(Batubara et al. 2015). In testing the inhibitory activity of the tyrosinase
enzyme, L-tyrosine and L-DOPA were used as substrate and kojat acid as
a positive control. The sample was dissolved with DMSO as a stock
solution. Variation in concentration was made by dissolving collagen

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using a phosphate buffer pH 6.5. A total of 70 μL of the solution was put

into a 96 well plate, then 30 μL of the tyrosinase enzyme was added
(Sigma, 333 mL-1 units in a phosphate buffer solution), and the mixture
was incubated for 5 minutes. After that, 110 μL substrate (L-tyrosine 2
mM) was added and then incubated at 37 ° C for 30 minutes. Absorbance
was measured at a wavelength of 492 nm using a Microplate Reader
Spectrophotometer.

- Size of collagen particles

The particle size of the collagen obtained was determined using

PSA. The obtained particle size ranges from 1102 to 2344 nm which
indicates its size is not yet nano. According to Mohanraj and Chen (2006),
the size of nanoparticles is 101000 nm. Therefore, it is necessary to further
optimize the mixing time and speed to produce nanoparticle size collagen.
Collagen produced using 0.10 M NaOH is better collagen based on FTIR
data and has the largest particle size based on the results of the PSA
analysis. To increase its ability to be absorbed by the skin it is necessary to
reduce the particle size through a stirring process.

The size of the collagen particles after being stirred is twice

more smaller, especially when it is stirred for 6 hours while the stirring for
8 hours becomes large again due to the coagulation process. Therefore,
stirring for 6 hours is enough to reduce the size of collagen, but has not
reached nano size. According to Mohanraj and Chen (2006), the size of the
nano is when the particle size is 10-1000 nm. To reduce particle size, it is
better not to undergo mechanical processes such as stirring, but can be
done through the hydrolysis process.

- Anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and tyrosinase inhibitor activity

The 0.10 M NaOH collagen treatment produced the largest size

compared to other NaOH concentrations but has the highest antiglycation
activity and the lowest antioxidant activity. Reducing the size of collagen

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by stirring 1000 rpm in 6 and 8 hours produces collagen with a smaller

size and higher antioxidant activity.

Antiglycating activity at 0.10 M NaOH collagen with 6 and 8

hours stirring cannot be determined due to the high activity, so it needs to
be tested at higher concentrations, while at higher concentrations the
reaction of protein and glucose will be more so that more difficult to detect
using fluorimetry.

The collagen obtained is expected to be used for cosmetic

products for the skin. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity can reduce excess
melanin production which causes black skin. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity
occurs at a concentration of 1000 ppm. Stirring collagen for 6 hours
produces greater inhibition of the enzyme tyrosinase than stirring 8 hours.
This shows the application of making collagen for anti-aging cosmetics is
sufficient by soaking at 0.10 M NaOH, soaking with 1M acetic acid, and
stirring at 1000 rpm for 6 hours.

- Conclusions collagen isolation process

The most optimum process of isolation collagen from chicken

bone waste by soaking chicken bones at a concentration of 0.10 M NaOH,
followed by soaking with 1 M acetic acid, and continued with stirring
using a 1000 rpm speed stirrer for 6 hours. This optimum condition
provides the highest yield and the best anti-aging activity based on
antioxidant, antiglycation and antityrosinase activities. The size of
collagen particles at a concentration of 0.10 M NaOH which is getting
smaller causes higher activity.

- Manufacture of serum

In general, serum consists of several ingredients such as amino

acids, glycerin, vitamins and other essential ingredients such as hyaluronic
acid, glycerin, collagen, and elastin. The serum has a way of working that
is different from other types of anti-aging creams. After being applied to
the skin, the serum will immediately absorb into the deepest layers of the

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skin because of the very small molecular content and have a high
concentration, which is 10 times compared to ordinary face creams

The main difference between a moisturizer (cream or lotion) and

serum is the formulation. Serum is formulated using nanomolecular
technology so that it can penetrate to the deepest layers of the skin while
moisturizers are formulated with active substances and larger molecular
additives so that it works on the surface of the skin. Based on the functions
and benefits there are also clear differences, serum functions as a nutrient
depot for the skin. Serum can overcome all skin problems related to skin
aging, pigmentation and pore enlargement

1.2. Product Function

to inhibit the appearance of wrinkles, moisturize the skin, brighten the

skin, disguise the sign of premature aging, and can treat facial skin elasticity.

1.3. Product Marketing

1.3.1. Market Segmentation

Glacé deals in marketing beauty products in the form of anti-aging

serum. they focused on consumers more than 30 years old in all gender but this
product can be use start with 20 years old of age. glacé target is not only
operating in Indonesia but expended it to Asia.glacé is segmented its costumers
based on the skin problems they face.

1.3.2. Product Promotion

The marketing strategy that we use is :

- Paid advertising : companies use ad space providers to display products in

that space.

- Social media marketing : Right now, more than 2.8 billion people actively
use social media. social media marketing is also easy to use, economical to
cost, and can attract many targets.

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CHAPTER 3
CONCLUSIONS

Based on the explanation above, one can conclude about this project
from industrial concept and our innovation products:
1. fertilizer industry belongs to the agrochemichal industry, a very fast field
and deals with production and distribution of pesticide and fertilizer.
fertilizer are classified according to wether they provide a single nutriemt
and based on physical form. fertilizer made with various raw material. such

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as ammonia, natural gas, air, coal, phosphat,etc. fertilizer manufacturing

process is divided into 6 units. the process for waste treatment basicallg fall
in two categories physio-chemical process and biological process

2. Based on the explanation above, one can conclude about this project from
industrial concept and our innovation products: Pharmaceutical industry
consists of synthetic and herbal medicine. Synthetic medicine industry
important in improving world’s health care. They produce different kind of
products based on targeted systems and dosage system. This industry is
mainly produced in developed countries and keeps growing.

3. Our innovation product is Glace, a serum made from chicken bones’ nano
collagen. There has been a potential of inhibition of the appereance of
wrinkle, moisturize the skin, brighten the skin, disguise the sign of
premature aging, and treat facial skin elasticity in this product.

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kolagen-bagi-wajah/ [Accessed 3 Nov. 2019].
Farooq, U. (2018). Market Segmentation Examples | Marketing Tutor.
[online] Marketing Tutor. Available at: https://www.marketingtutor.net/market-
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Profitableventure.com. (2019). A Sample Raw Materials Supply Business
Plan Template. [online] Available at: https://www.profitableventure.com/raw-
material-supply-business-plan/ [Accessed 5 Nov. 2019].
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