PURLINS

For industrial buildings or warehouses it is always cheaper to use cold-formed steel sections,
usually, Z or C, you can try both (depending on the slopes, some work better than others). If a
sandwich panel or simple sheet is used, it will be rigid fixing, and it is chosen that there are 3 or
more supports, to optimize the calculation. They are popular because the manufacturer can
make them as long as required and with special holes so they can be screwed on later. The
purlins are not counted as bracing. They only work in flexion (strong and weak plane
constrained by tie bracing).

From the Portal Frame Generator, the purlins and their optimal distance between purlins are
generated. He studies the purlin with the light of the span. The program calculates the purlins
with the continuous beam model. In order to obtain the correct forces and lateral buckling
lengths, it is necessary to indicate the number of sections or spans that will save the purlins. It
is important to understand that we are not referring to the number of openings or span that
the building will have, but to those that a purlin saves. It must also be taken into account that
if the different sections of the purlin are overlapped between the frames, continuity is
established in the transmission of forces and, therefore, the purlin will have the same number
of spans as the complete building. In the example of the presentation select the case '3 or
more spans' and rigid fixation.

Fixing type (Deck)

The type of cover indicates to the program that loads with which the belts should be checked,
and it can be one of the following three cases:

• Case 1. The asbestos-cement roofs do not collaborate with the purlins in their support, so
they will have to be calculated with the full stress, inside and outside the roof plane and
including the torsion produced by the eccentricities of the loads. . In this case only laminated
profiles are accepted.

• Case 2. The roof is supposed to be infinitely rigid in its plane and, therefore, the purlins alone
support the bending in the plane normal to the roof and, as the fastening by means of a hook,
the torsion produced by the suction of the wind (it is despises warping).
• Case 3. It is the same as the previous one, but assuming that the cover prevents the rotation
of the purlin and, therefore, there is no torsional moment. The only forces they support are
bending and shearing in the plane perpendicular to the roof. For example, choose the case
'Fixation rigid'.

As one must select between translational (Buckling in sway frame) or in-traslational (Buckling
in non-sway frame) frames, when placing bracing crosses in the cype3D, one proceeds to
choose in-traslationality in that longitudinal plane of the industrial building. In the orthogonal
sense, which is the diaphanous zone, the translationality must be checked or the buckling
coefficients must be verified in that direction. For the in-traslational position, the program
already gives some coefficients. When the purlins are calculated in the Generator, the ultimate
limit states of this bar can be obtained and before finishing the export to cype3D, the program
reminds us to save this document. It is not a requirement to introduce the purlins in cype3D
since we already know which profile it meets and the optimal distance. It is introduced, for
merely informative reasons for the client and presentation of plans. In the case of not having
the Portal frame generator, this bar can be inserted into the roof as a continuous beam, which
can be seen at a glance because it is of a more intense black color. When selecting the bar, it
must be verified that Generate nodes at the cut point are selected. The bar is carried from end
to end. The deep black bar will be appreciated.

The program will automatically make its arrangement since it will be a continuous bar and it
will be able to articulate its ends because the purlins are attached to the beams through
articulations. In the case of dimensioning, you may get a warning informing you that “The
structure is a Mechanism". The mechanism usually happens because more degrees of freedom
have been articulated or released. When we articulate, all the turns of the bar are being
released, so in certain states of load, the mechanism usually gives, either by exaggerated
displacements or by turning around the X-axis, which is the directrix. When using internal
fixity, as long as the design of the knot is in accordance with the calculated, it can be
determined at the ends of the embedded bar and then an embedment coefficient at the ends
equal to zero or low, for example (0.01) and, in the case of using an external fixity, it can also
be articulated in the plane in which the rotation is to be released.

Case 1
Case 2

The Berger system or Berger beam or articulated truss, as the theory says, are terms used to
refer to a beam with several spans, provided with hinges so that the applied loads are
distributed isostatically. They are beams with intermediate joints, and the position where
these hinges are located allows influencing the behavior of the beam. This behavior can be
seen in the following graphs:
 Inserting the kneecaps creates supporting beams, such as supported beams.

Knowing the above, what you want to achieve is to influence the behavior of the beam. In our
case of the industrial warehouse with the dimensioning of the belts, what we have is a
continuous beam, with spans at the same distance, where I can determine the articulation of
its ends. Now trying to apply intermediate points, simulating some joints in the straps has no
application in this type of structure.

Kind Regard.