THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION, THE WITCH, AND THE WARDROBE

A Book Analysis
Presented to
Mrs. Ariann De Guzman

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirement for the subject of
English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Members:
Balderamos, Jennyrose
Baskial, Merina
Cillo, Michelle
Inocentes, Ivan Aksenov
Luna, John Clarence
Magbanua, Clark Louis
Medrano, Jericho
Mirador, Stephen Mark
Oasan, Erhize
Ramirez, Aldrine

FEBRUARY 2021
 THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION,
THE WITCH, AND THE WARDROBE

The themes of ‘risk’, ‘danger’, and ‘action’ are frequently found within fantasy
narratives. They are often used by writers of children’s fantasy novels in order to teach their
young audiences about morality, as well as provide a safe and removed setting in which the
harsh realities of life can play out without damaging the fragile child psyche.
Published five years after the conclusion of the Second World War (WWII), and the
novel’s real-world setting displaying concrete evidence of its conflicts and threats, The Lion, the
Witch, and the Wardrobe very much ties in with this understanding of child narratives.
The Chronicles of Narnia being C.S. Lewis’ first attempt at writing for a child audience,
it can further be argued that the theme of ‘risk’ extends to the actual writing of the novel. When
Lewis first published The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, he had only intended to write on a
book set within the fantasy realm of Narnia. However, he soon realized that what he had created
‘swept over the confining margins of a single book’ (Higgins, 2011). Hence, The Chronicles of
Narnia series was created, and the novel was positioned as the second in a series of seven novels.
 Background of the Author

C.S. Lewis, in full Clive Staples Lewis, (born November 29, 1898, Belfast, Ireland [now
in Northern Ireland]—died November 22, 1963, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England), Irish-born
scholar, novelist, and author of about 40 books, many of them on Christian apologetics,
including The Screwtape Letters and Mere Christianity. His works of greatest lasting fame may
be The Chronicles of Narnia, a series of seven children’s books that have become classics
of fantasy literature.
Reading and education were valued highly in the Lewis household. Lewis’s father, Albert
Lewis, was a solicitor, and his mother, Florence Hamilton Lewis, graduated from the Royal
University of Ireland (now Queen’s University Belfast) at a time when it was not common for
women to earn degrees. Lewis and his older brother, Warren (“Warnie”), like their parents,
were avid readers. Lewis was something of a prodigy: he was reading by age three and by five
had begun writing stories about a fantasy land populated by “dressed animals,” influenced by the
stories of Beatrix Potter, which were being published as Lewis grew up. Selections of those early
stories were collected in Boxen: The Imaginary World of the Young C.S. Lewis (1985).

After receiving their early education at home, Lewis and his brother attended English
boarding schools. Very little learning occurred at the first of these, Wynyard School in Watford,
outside London, overseen by a brutal authoritarian headmaster who was drifting into insanity.
Lewis’s education was rescued by excellent teachers at Campbell College in Belfast, Cherbourg
House in Malvern, and at Malvern College, though he did not fit the latter socially and was
intensely unhappy there. He left it after a year to be prepped for the University of
Oxford entrance exams by W.T. Kirkpatrick, whose tutoring enabled Lewis to win, in 1916, a
scholarship in classics at University College.

After serving in France with the Somerset Light Infantry in World War I, he began his
studies at Oxford and achieved an outstanding record, taking a double first in Honours
Moderations (Greek and Latin texts) and Greats (classical history and philosophy) and then
staying on for an additional first in English language and literature, completing it in one year
instead of the usual three. He became a fellow and tutor of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1925, a
position he held until 1954. From 1954 to 1963 he was professor of medieval and Renaissance
English at the University of Cambridge.

His first successful work of fiction was Out of the Silent Planet (1938), a novel into
which Lewis wove Christian allusions and themes. It and many of Lewis’s later books were read
aloud and critiqued at meetings of the Inklings, a group of fellow writers who influenced him
significantly. Out of the Silent Planet was followed by the equally successful Perelandra (1943)
and That Hideous Strength (1945). Those three novels, which form one of the earliest and best
of science-fiction trilogies, centre on an English linguist named Elwin Ransom who voyages
to Mars and Venus and becomes involved in a cosmic struggle between good and evil in the
solar system. The third book is valued particularly for the way it presents in narrative form ideas
about the importance to individuals and societies of belief in traditional objective values that
Lewis had developed earlier in his nonfiction The Abolition of Man (1943).

Lewis had first had the idea to write a book for children in 1939. At this time, many
children were evacuated from England's major cities and sent to live in the countryside because
of the threat of bombing during World War II. Lewis had opened his home, The Kilns, to some
of these young refugees, one of whom had been fascinated by a wardrobe there, imagining that
there was another way out of it through the other side. This image struck a chord with Lewis,
who had first read about a magic wardrobe as a boy, in The Aunt and Anabel by Edith Nesbit.
Lewis completed his story, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, in 1948. In it, four
children—Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy—go to stay with a reclusive old professor in a
mysterious country house. While playing a game, Lucy, the youngest, hides in a wardrobe and
discovers that it leads to a magical world called Narnia. This land, which is inhabited by talking
animals, is ruled by the lion Aslan, a good and powerful king. Narnia, however, had come under
the spell of the evil White Witch, who had caused it to be always winter but never Christmas
there.
Before Lucy can get back to tell the others about Narnia, her rather bad-tempered brother
Edmund discovers it for himself. He is taken up by the White Witch, who lures him to her side
with Turkish Delight, a soft, jelly-like candy, and promises of gifts and powers. It is only when
Aslan sacrifices his own life that Edmund is saved.
Aslan, however, comes back to life. He and his followers win a great battle over the
forces of evil, and the four children are made kings and queens of Narnia. At the end of the book,
after many years have passed, the children return from Narnia the same way they came into it,
through the wardrobe, only to discover that no time has passed at all. Although their adventure
appears to be over, the professor tells them that they will again find themselves in Narnia
someday, when they least expect it.
Lewis went on to write six more Narnia books but not necessarily in the order in which
they were to be read. For instance, The Magician's Nephew, which tells of the creation of Narnia
and sets the stage for the events that are to happen there, was written next to last and published in
1955.
 Analysis of the Following Using Approaches

1. SETTING: Historical and Cultural Approach

The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe is set in the magical land of Narnia.  The
beginning of the story is set in 1940's England, where it is the height of World War 2, and the
Pevensie children are being sent away from London because of the bombing at night.  They
are sent to live in the countryside in a large old house owned by a professor.  It is in this large
old house that Lucy finds the wardrobe that leads to Narnia.  Narnia is a cold land ruled by
the White Witch who wants to control the entire kingdom and turn it into ice.  Narnia is a
magical land where animals can talk like humans and act like humans.  My favorite scene is
the ending battle scene where the armies of good fight the armies of evil and good wins.  The
White Witch is defeated and the children are heroes.
a. World War 2 – (Historical Approach)
This is immediately established in the novel’s opening, where the narrator
explains to the reader that the story will focus on what happened to the Pevensie
siblings ‘when they were sent away from London during the war because of the air-
raids’ (Lewis, pg.9).
By mentioning the air-raids and the children’s evacuation, it demonstrates a
conscious decision on Lewis’ part to return to a traumatic and difficult time within
British history. It can further be noted that for novel’s initial readers, it would have
been a fairly recent period inhabiting their memories.
It can be argued that this sense of detachment to the war is something which
relates to the author’s own experiences. In his autobiography Surprised by Joy, Lewis
describes his resistance to reading or conversing about the war prior to his military
service, stating that ‘I will die in your wars if need be, but till then I shall live my own
life’ (Lewis, pg. 184). Later on, in the autobiography, when he reflects on his life
towards the end of and after his military service, Lewis describes his experiences in
the war as showing ‘rarely and faintly in memory and often seems to have happened
to someone else’ (Lewis, pg. 227). This distance is also characteristic to children’s
fantasy narratives. Through the use of physical distance, (i.e. evacuating the children
from the high-risk area of London to the safety of the countryside), Lewis is able to
remove the threats present within a war zone.
The narrative remains silent on these real-world threats and the Pevensie siblings’
life prior to their evacuation, instead focusing on the children’s attempts to adjust to
their new surroundings. The eldest child, Peter, adopts an optimistic approach, trying
to raise his siblings’ spirits by focusing on how ‘perfectly splendid’ (Lewis, pg.10)
their stay at Professor Kirke’s house will be. Lucy’s initial impression of the house,
which made ‘her feel a little creepy’ (Lewis, pg.11), demonstrates the youngest
child’s uneasiness with moving into a strange and unfamiliar house. The reader’s
 attention, therefore, is diverted away from the war, and directed towards the ‘room
that was quite empty except for one big wardrobe’ (Lewis, pg.12), which promises
adventure.
b. Castle/Kingdom – (Cultural Approach)
One of Narnia’s most memorable traits as a fantasy world is the fact that once the
children have entered through the wardrobe, no time in their world has passed. This
establishes a clear distinction between the two settings, real and fantasy, providing the
children (and through them, the reader) an escape from the war.
Nevertheless, that does not mean the children are completely free or safe. The
novel’s treatment of danger within Narnia reflects the historical context in which it is
set. As the critic Nanette Norris comments: ‘some very bad things were happening in
Great Britain that are echoed in the land of Narnia’ (Norris, pg.84).
In her essay, Norris references ‘the betrayal of… the parents who allowed the
government to transport their children into the unknown and dangerous’ (Norris,
pg.82). She presents Edmund’s betrayal and ‘the potential betrayal of Lucy by Mr.
Tumnus’ (Norris, pg.80) as examples that mirror the betrayal young evacuees may
have experienced when forced to leave their homes.
It can also be argued that, while the Pevensie children are fortunate with their
placement when compared to the abuse that was suffered by many of WWII’s
evacuated children, they still find themselves in an ‘unknown and dangerous’ (Norris,
pg.80) land when they enter Narnia during the White Witch’s reign. This dangerous
atmosphere quickly becomes evident through the inhabitants fear towards the Queen,
particularly by Mr. Tumnus who, after admitting his intended betrayal during Lucy’s
first visit to Narnia, presents a shockingly graphic depiction of having his ‘tail cut off,
and [his] horns sawn off, and [his] beard plucked out’ (Lewis, pg.27) as a result of not
following the Queen’s orders.

2. PLOT: Historical Approach

Back when C.S. Lewis was boarding near the University of Oxford in London,
some children were sent to their accommodation. As the war with Germany became
imminent, Great Britain gave their huge efforts to evacuate children to rural areas around
the country where the bombs are less likely to reach. While the experience got through,
and later on, fond of the presence of children. Then wrote down passages about the kids
as the main characters of his story. That turned into the embellishment of four siblings,
namely, Susan, Peter, Edmund, and Lucy. In the story, they were sent away from London
to the house of an old professor who lived in the heart southern part of the country. “To
able escape, the air-raids sent to London by its enemy. The old house where few children
stayed resembles the state of W.T. Kirkpatrick, the mentor of C.S. Lewis that got him in
the University of Oxford in London. Where he made inspiration from metal armoires,
elegant painting, and queer wardrobe. In addition to it, professor Kirke was named after
W.T. Kirkpatrick as an honor and respect of Lewis to his mentor, and the stern attitude of
professor Kirke in the story while addressing Susan and Peter in their lack of
investigation and consideration of what is the truth or the lie, is also based on Lewis
experience under the teaching of his mentor.
As a student of W.T. Kirkpatrick, a previous ex-Calvinist, he was greatly
influenced by his mentor for recognizing the essence of religion as a Christian. It became
an opening for him to set a new for discrete, he molds in religious persona. After he
graduated from Oxford, Lewis was known for being a Christian apology writer. A set of
examples he relates to the Bible and situates it in the story of Narnia. First, Edmund's
desire to be greater than anyone made him decide to betray his siblings. A short passage
of this act below:
Edmund talking to the Queen, “I’ve come, your Majesty,” said Edmund, rushing
eagerly forward. “How dare you come alone?” said the Witch in a terrible voice. “Did I
not tell you to bring the others with you?”. “Please, your Majesty,” said Edmund, “I’ve
done the best I can. I’ve brought them quite close. They’re in the little house on top of the
dam just up the river with Mr. and Mrs. Beaver.” A slow cruel smile came over the
Witch’s face. “Is this all your news?” she asked. “No, your Majesty,” said Edmund, and
proceeded to tell her all he had heard before leaving the Beavers’ house. “What!
Aslan?” cried the Queen, “Aslan! Is this true? If I find you have lied to me —” “Please,
I’m only repeating what they said,” stammered Edmund. But the Queen, who was no
longer attending to him, clapped her hands. Instantly the same dwarf whom Edmund had
seen with her before appeared. “Make ready our sled,” ordered the Witch, “and use the
harness without bells.”
It can be reflected in the Bible's text, in John 12:6, to Judas among the 12
disciples of Jesus. All know Judas forsook Jesus whereabouts to the chief priest and the
elders for the sake of money and convenience. They provided the armed guard that he
brought to the Garden of Gethsemane, near Jerusalem, where Jesus went to pray with the
other 11 Apostles after the Last Supper. There he identified Jesus with a kiss, addressing
him as “master.” Matt. 26:14–16 and John 12:6 designate Judas motive as avarice, but
Luke 22:3–6 ascribes his action to the entrance of Satan into his body, paralleling John
13:27, where, after Judas took the bread at the Last Supper, “Satan entered into
him." Jesus then says, “What you are going to do, do quickly.” This is the culmination of
John 6:70–71, which, after Jesus says, “Did I not choose you, the Twelve, and one of you
is a devil?” discloses that he meant “Judas the son of Simon Iscariot, for he, one of the
Twelve, was to betray him.” Lewis himself made this as his reference, to set an example
to the children that betrayal is a treacherous thing to do, but everyone will be forgiven
before God.
The second example of this is Aslan, the great lion king in the story, who agreed
to the dark plan of Jadis, the white evil witch of Narnia. With their talk, Aslan agreed to
sacrifice his life on behalf of Edmund, the traitor among the siblings. Before the
sacrificial act, this is what the passage tells: “Well,” said Aslan. “His offense was not
against you.” “Have you forgotten the Deep Magic?” asked the Witch. “Let us say I
have forgotten it,” answered Aslan gravely. “Tell us of this Deep Magic.” “Tell you?”
said the Witch, her voice growing suddenly shriller. “Tell you what is written on that
very Table of Stone which stands beside us? Tell you what is written in letters deep as a
spear is long on the firestones on the Secret Hill? Tell you what is engraved on the
scepter of the Emperor-beyond-the-Sea? You at least know the Magic which the Emperor
put into Narnia at the very beginning. You know that every traitor belongs to me as my
lawful prey and that for every treachery I have a right to a kill.” “And so,” continued the
Witch, “that human creature is mine (referring to Edmund). His life is forfeit to me. His
blood is my property.”
The witch is somehow or can be referred to as the reaper/ Satan in the text of the
Bible. As she stated “You know that every traitor belongs to me as my lawful prey and
that for every treachery I have a right to a kill”, and supported by Mr. Beaver “Oh,” said
Mr. Beaver. “So that’s how you came to imagine yourself a queen — because you were
the Emperor’s hangman.” Lewis himself believes that there is hell. He proclaimed “Hell
is an everlasting ruin, a decay, crumbling, retreating into yourself, a loss of all
rationality and joy, a plunging into misery. But, it’s a self-plunging. It’s a gnawing and
an ache, but it’s oriented inward, downward into the abyss.” Lewis interprets the evil
white witch, to what agony, loneliness, selflessness, and brute can be. These made Narnia
filled with emotions that one person can feel in hell. Fire can warm the animals
throughout the land, but also winter chilled their hope for happiness, without the essence
of Christmas. Trees are dead white instead of bright brown with an accent of greens when
everyone in the land has forgotten what joy it could bring.
When Aslan agreed to the white evil witch condition. After that, he became out of
character. The great, royal, and solemn persona, transition into a sad and lonely Lion.
When the night has come, Susan and Lucy cannot sleep. Strangely, they saw Aslan alone
in the woods, and they follow him to the stone table. A short passage from the event:
“Oh, children, children, why are you following me?” “We couldn’t sleep,” said Lucy —
and then felt sure that she needs say no more and that Aslan knew all they had been
thinking. “Please, may we come with you — wherever you’re going?” asked Susan.
“Well -” said Aslan, and seemed to be thinking. Then he said, “I should be glad of
company tonight. Yes, you may come, if you will promise to stop when I tell you, and
after that leave me to go on alone.” Oh, thank you, thank you. And we will,” said the two
girls. Forward they went again and one of the girls walked on each side of the Lion. But
how slowly he walked! And his great, royal head drooped so that his nose nearly touched
the grass. Presently he stumbled and gave a low moan.
“Aslan! Dear Aslan!” said Lucy, “what is wrong? Can’t you tell us?” “Are you
ill, dear Aslan?” asked Susan. “No,” said Aslan. “I am sad and lonely. Lay your hands
on my mane so that I can feel you are there and let us walk like that.” “Oh, children,
children. Here you must stop. And whatever happens, do not let yourselves be seen.
Farewell.” Interpreted from the Bible. Jesus carried the weights, the sin, the loneliness of
 the people by lifting the cross. As Maria and the other people follow him until he got
where the cross will stand, they stop.
The daughters of Eve do not know anything about what will happen after letting
Aslan walk straight to the stone table. Later, the two girls saw the evil white witch and its
other companions. At last, the time has come, she finally ordered to securely tie the Lion
and shave its mane, to make it regret sacrificing his life for a traitor like Edmund. Then
pulled on to the stone table while being abused, tortured, and belittled, wisely he
remained solemn, quiet, and brave. He did not give in to the witch’s fantasy and did not
regret what he decided. While hiding, Susan and Lucy cannot do anything but cry and
grieve for what they saw such a terrible scene in their life. When the white witch draws
out its knife, a stone knife shape like an evil object, the ceremony started. She asked
Aslan for his last words, instead of answering, he looks up to the sky. Then lift the knife
as she punctured the head of the Lion and later on died. The same interpretation for Jesus.
“16) Finally Pilate handed him over to them to be crucified. 17) So, the soldiers took
charge of Jesus. Carrying his own cross, he went to the place of the Skull (which in
Aramaic called Golgotha). 18) Here they crucified him and with him two others, one on
each side, and Jesus in the middle” (John 19: 16-18). The same interpretation can be
described for Jesus, after carrying the cross, hands, and foot was hammered down flat on
the wood, then lift for it to stand on the ground. Mother Mary and the other in front of her
son, crying, grieving while praying to God.
As the witch and its companions left the site. Susan and Lucy immediately
checked upon Aslan, if they can do anything to release him from the tied rope, but the
knot was too hard to untie. When the sky from the east seemingly darkened, the stone
table suddenly cracked in half. As Susan and Lucy were puzzled about what happened to
the stone table, Aslan showed himself in front of the two girls and still cannot
comprehend the situation. At first, the two thought of seeing a ghost of the great Lion
however, he is alive and well. He then explained, “the reason was that a victim who has
committed no treachery and killed in a traitor's stead and if that happens, the Stone
Table will crack and even death itself will turn backward.” The same interpretation in
the Bible. When Jesus rose from the dead from the tomb and was witnessed by the 12
disciples. John 20: 8-10: “8) Finally the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first,
also went inside. He saw and believed. 9) (They still did not understand from Scripture
that Jesus had to rise from the dead.) 10) Then the disciples went back to their homes.”
Lewis wants to disclose to the readers’ he made this not make Jesus as a figure or a
prominent of the story, instead, he said Jesus is a “supposing.” As a child, he felt “a
certain inhibition which had paralyzed much of his religion" because he was instructed in
how "one ought to feel about God or the sufferings of Christ. He only wants the children
to know Christianity, to relieve from any pressure or obligation from what religion should
be or you are told.

3. CHARACTERS: Feminism and Gender Approach

 In C.S Lewis's childhood, his mother died of cancer when he was 10 years old.
After that incident, he chooses to live as a surrogate son of Mrs. Patie Moore who had
a son named Paddy Moore. He was tutored by a male bachelor. He went to an all-
male college in which women were absent from his life and also went off to war. The
critical part is that Lewis never interacted with women or girls as peers and equals,
not as children, nor teenagers, or colleagues. Lewis's attitudes toward women shifted
over time. His late marriage also had an impact on how he portraited women in his
novel which result in women does not allow the same opportunities and honor that
men are offered in the novel. In the novel, Peter and Edmund get to fight on the
battlefield but Lucy and Susan do not. Even though Susan is great and intelligent in
archery and brave enough to fight which Lucy believe, Father Christmas said that
"Battles are ugly when women fight", which means Susan will only use his bow when
needed and also in this quote which Father Christmas said leads to Lucy into a
traditional fantasy role of woman as a healer rather than a warrior instead of having a
sword for them to defend their selves during the war.
The point is -no women in the military of Narnia and showed that women do not
equal to men. The novel shows sexism through the choice of gifts presented by Father
Christmas to Lucy and Susan along with Mrs. Beaver. Father Christmas comes for his
yearly visit after many years and brings a spirit of gifts with him. The female beavers
receive a sewing machine and cooking materials which means they can perform the
human task or womanly chores like sewing and cooking. In that, Narnian beaver
gender roles are a complete invention of Lewis and one of the clearer examples of
Lewis's gender role expectation. Notice that the three servants (Ivy, Margaret, and
Betty) do not come into the story much and never mention again and also Pevensie's
mother, mother of Jadis, and mother of eve mentioned in the novel, but it only exists
in the text as an absent mother because Lewis, a writer which women are not his
specialty when it comes to his novel like the writer named Mr. Tolkien. In the novel
feminism also depicts when White witch Jadis, is the only powerful female character
in the novel which Lewis chooses to portray as an evil being who abuses her magic
and power to rule over the Narnia. Hence, this shows if women today have a high-
ranking status, they will be corrupt similar to the white witch. This reflects that
women have an unethical mentality making them lesser people which gives a
negative opinion towards women. As a female character in the novel, the white witch
Jadis is shown to be evil while the male characters are brave warriors. When Aslan
puts the children in charge, it’s made clear that the oldest male is the highest
authority, as Peter ascends to Highest King which shown that older males are more
suitable to be the leader or the highest rank rather than older females. This isn't
surprising for C.S Lewis's public attitudes toward feminism and women's rights.
Lewis's famous literary group the "Inklings" excluded women, and he came down
strongly for limiting the number of women admitted to Oxford University, citing the "
Appalling danger of our degenerating into a women's university".
It can also be argued that threats within The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe
are tied to the expected gender roles of the period. Although a notable time within
feminist history for the new opportunities it afforded women, general attitudes during
the period still regarded females as being subordinate to men. Looking at this
concerning the White Witch, it can be argued that the danger she presents derives
from her refusal to be subordinate to Aslan, who is male as well as being a lion, and
claiming to be ‘the Queen of Narnia’ (Lewis, pg.39) Her imposed rule over Narnia is
presented negatively, particularly through the climate, which is described as being
‘always winter and never Christmas’ (Lewis, pg.25). This transforms the Narnian
landscape into a desolate place, and the additional removal of Christmas reflects the
constant misery of its inhabitants.
The subversion of gender roles can further be linked to characters’ involvement in
battle scenes. While the White Witch actively engages in combat like the male
characters in the novel, Susan and Lucy are positioned as bystanders during the
conflict. Instead, they take on more passive roles, such as healing the injured with the
‘cordial’ (Lewis, pg.193) which was given to Lucy after Christmas returns. Although
the two girls are given weapons, it is made clear upon receiving them that they are
only to be used as a form of defense (Lewis, pg.119) instead of attack. Relating this to
the novel’s historical context, it can be argued that the girls’ action mirrors the
expected duties of women during WWII. Women were not expected to fight in the
war, but rather assist the men by working in the factories or hospitals.
a. Aslan
The king and god of Narnia. The noble lion sacrifices his life so that the Witch
will spare Edmund. After being resurrected the next morning, Aslan rises and defeats
the White Witch once and for all. In the context of the book's Christian allegory,
Aslan represents Christ. The rightful King of Narnia, Aslan is a talking lion of great
and imposing stature. Aslan is so powerful that the mere mention of his name inspires
strong feelings of terror and wonder in all who hear it; despite his great power,
though, he is frequently absent from Narnia, and it is implied that he travels from
world to world and realm to realm saving those in distress. Aslan is empathetic and
kind, but his strong moral compass and decisive nature make him frightening,
sometimes, to those who don’t know him very well. He ultimately sacrifices himself
to the White Witch in Edmund’s place, and his death parallels the Passion and
Crucifixion of Jesus Christ in the Christian Bible. Aslan is soon resurrected and helps
Lucy, Susan, Edmund, and Peter restore harmony in the land.
b. The White Witch
This evil queen of Narnia places a spell on the land so that it is winter and never
Christmas. The Witch is the "Emperor's hangman," as Mr. Beaver says, and she has
the right to kill any Narnian traitor. She wields a wand that turns creatures and people
to stone. The wand also produces the Turkish Delight that enslaves Edmund and
makes him greedy. The Witch kills Aslan, and it is only after he rises from the dead
that he defeats her. Like any malicious character, the Witch, an embodiment of evil,
could represent Satan, or she may be a servant of Satan. "She calls herself the Queen
of Narnia though she has no right to be queen at all, and all the Fauns and Dryads and
Naiads and Dwarfs and Animals—at least all the good ones—simply hate her." The
pretender to the throne of Narnia, the White Witch calls herself Queen of the realm
but is an evil, ancient entity determined to thwart the prophecy which foretells that
four Sons of Adam and Daughters of Eve (Peter, Edmund, Susan, and Lucy) will one
day sit on the Narnian thrones at Cair Paravel. The White Witch’s imposition of an
interminable winter—a winter without Christmas—is part of Lewis’s allegorical
exploration of Christian values. In depicting a Christmas-less winter brought on by an
evil Queen, Lewis suggests the impoverishment and bleakness of a world without the
light of Christianity. Strongly echoing the biblical story of the Passion and the
Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, the White Witch taunts, tortures, and ultimately kills
Aslan, the rightful King of Narnia, but he is soon resurrected.
c. Peter Pevensie
Peter is the oldest of the Pevensie children, and he is noble and courageous. He
matures into a young man during his first few days in Narnia. He immediately proves
himself after protecting Susan from a ferocious wolf. Aslan knights him and
eventually crowns him the High King of Narnia. During his reign, he is known as
King Peter the Magnificent. As the eldest of the four siblings, Peter is in many ways
their natural leader. During the journey to Narnia, he proves himself to be brave and
heroic, and his physical involvement in many fights and battles marks him like his
siblings’ foremost protector. During his reign as High King of Narnia, Peter is well
known as a great warrior and leader.
d. Susan Pevensie
The second oldest of the Pevensie children, Susan is the beauty among the
Pevensies. She is sweet and kind, and perhaps a little bland. Santa Claus gives her a
horn to blow if she ever finds herself in a dangerous situation. When she becomes
queen at Cair Paravel, she is known as Queen Susan the Gentle. Susan is wise,
contemplative, and usually, the one attempting to keep the peace between her three
other siblings, Peter, Edmund, and Lucy. She has a great deal of empathy for all the
creatures she encounters in Narnia and seems to have an intuitive bond with the
natural world. Susan and Lucy also have a deep connection with Aslan and are the
ones who witness his death at the hands of the White Witch and his subsequent
resurrection. By the end of her long reign as Queen of Narnia, Susan is well known as
a peacemaker and ambassador.
e. Edmund Pevensie
The third oldest Pevensie child, Edmund is a brat for most of The Lion, The
Witch, and the Wardrobe. Edmund is spiteful and mean, and likes to tease his sister,
Lucy. His greed for the enchanted Turkish Delight leads him to act as a traitor against
his siblings. Edmund joins forces with the White Witch, but eventually sees the error
of his ways and returns to the good side. He is a “spiteful” and cruel child who is
easily duped by the White Witch and conscripted into her service on his first visit to
Narnia. He is depicted as selfish and greedy—when the Witch serves him enchanted
Turkish Delights in an attempt to bribe him into doing her bidding, he falls for her
plot entirely and is so determined to get his hands on more candy (and a Kingship)
that he sells his siblings out to the Witch despite fully knowing that she is evil.
 Edmund, despite his traitorous ways, is a complex character who is often conflicted;
he knows that many of his actions are wrong, deep down, but is usually too selfish to
do the right thing. Aslan, the rightful King of Narnia, selflessly sacrifices himself to
the White Witch in Edmund’s place, redeeming Edmund of his selfish and traitorous
ways. By the end of the novel, Edmund returns from Narnia a much more thoughtful
and just person, known for his clearheaded judgment.
f. Lucy Pevensie
The youngest Pevensie is cheerful, kind, and brave. This curious, happy-go-lucky
girl is the first of the children to venture into Narnia. Later, she urges her siblings to
search for her friend, Tumnus, when they find that the faun's home is ransacked. In
the beginning, she is the protagonist, although Aslan fills that role later in the novel.
We view much of the action through her optimistic eyes, as a foil to the skeptical eyes
as Edmund. Santa Claus gives Lucy a cordial, which she uses to heal the wounded
following the battle with the Witch's troops. She is known as Queen Lucy the Valiant.
Lucy is deeply kind, inquisitive, and open; as the youngest of all her siblings, she is
the most naïve but also the most in touch with wonder, magic, and the ability to
believe in goodness, righteousness, and fantastical things. She is a loyal friend to Mr.
Tumnus, the first creature she met in Narnia, and even convinces her siblings to
remain to put themselves in danger to help him. She and Susan also have a special,
tender relationship with Aslan, as they are the ones who witness his death, which
echoes Jesus Christ’s Crucifixion. By the end of her long reign of Narnia, Lucy is
renowned for her valiance and fairness.
4. THEME: Cultural and Moral Approach
The novel of C.S Lewis entitled " The lion, the witch and the wardrobe" shown
some things about humanity. His uniqueness come down to his sheer "love of diversity"
which make him no stranger to mythology. In his novel, when White witch Jadis
approach King Aslan to punish Edmund by sacrificing his life in the ancient stone table
of Narnia due to his wrong doings which is treachery. This must be complying by Aslan
because the law is the law and sacrifice must be made. The ritual sacrifice can depict on
the ancient practice in human century which men used to do ritual sacrifice to appease
their violent gods and also to sustain their society. This also exist until today through our
government within the framework and politics. Government routinely throw non- violent
individuals to prison and punishing those people who does not able to comply with its
demand. Violence always begets violence. Even in our small-scale societal and familial
lives, we are quick to condemn, excommunicate and examinate by other people and still
new rivals or conflicts always emerge in our daily lives. The key to avoid this situation is
to imitate the best humanity, which involves self-sacrifice and loving our neighbors.
A. An alternative education (Cultural approach) - Peter, Susan, Edmund,
and Lucy stay with the Professor at his house in the country during the school
holiday. Presumably, the children are to be presented with an alternative
education to supplement the one provided by their schools. The
Professor gives Peter and Susan a strange yet valuable lesson in logic when he
 suggests that Lucy may be telling them the truth about Narnia. Additionally,
the Professor repeatedly expresses his exasperation with the school system,
lending credence to the possibility that Lewis himself was frustrated with the
English educational system. The increasingly negative personality that
Edmund has been exhibiting at school worries Peter and Susan. Their quest in
the world of Narnia, however, leads the children through a process of spiritual
transformation that is particularly significant for Edmund.
In Narnia, the children are exposed to crucial lessons about friendship, loyalty,
good judgment, forgiveness, faith, courage, and self-sacrifice. The reader is
invited along on this journey, but learning these lessons requires imagination
and a willingness to trust in the simple, clear logic that suggests that a world
like Narnia might actually exist. The universe that Lewis presents to his
readers becomes a vehicle through which he offers an alternative means for
learning the crucial elements of personal and spiritual growth.
B. Logic and Faith (Moral approach ) - When Peter and Susan approach the
Professor with their concerns about Lucy and her story about Narnia, the
Professor leads them through a simple exercise in logic, in which they take
what they know to be true (Lucy is a truthful girl) and what they have
observed (Lucy has not gone mad) in order to reach the logical conclusion.
This conclusion, the Professor suggests, is that the story of Narnia is true.
Acceptance of this logical conclusion, however, requires a significant amount
of faith. In this manner, Lewis constructs the scaffolding for a narrative that
will enable the reader to believe in the existence of a place like Narnia. The
skepticism that detracts from the possibility that Lucy's story about Narnia is
true is expressed through the character of Edmund, who questions the
benevolence of the robin, Mr. Tumnus, and Mr. Beaver. The White
Witch herself also expresses skepticism about whether or not Aslan will keep
the promise he has made to her. In each of these cases, there is a logical
argument that can be made in support of faith, yet the skeptics exhibit little
willingness to accept the goodness of the other characters.
C. Childhood (Moral approach) - This story can be read as a children's story, and
Lewis certainly makes use of this genre, as the form is essentially that of a
fairy tale. However, more can be said about childhood in The Lion, the Witch
and the Wardrobe. Lucy, the youngest, is the first to express curiosity about
the wardrobe. Without her pure, innocent curiosity, the children would never
have traveled to Narnia. Throughout the story, Lucy is depicted as the most
observant of the characters. In the end, even as she takes the throne, she
maintains a delightful, childlike quality.
Through Lucy's innocence, Lewis shows the importance of clinging to what
one knows to be true, loyalty, friendship, and genuine faith. If one possesses
these attributes, he appears to believe, there is no place for skepticism.
D. Christian symbolism (Cultural approach) - Lewis was clearly influenced by
his Christian beliefs when he wrote this story, though it can also be read as a
simple tale of human growth. The stories of the Passion of Christ and the
Resurrection of Christ are reflected in the character of the lion Aslan, who is
the son of the deified Emperor-Beyond-the-Sea. Aslan arrives in Narnia to
 save it from the White Witch. His decision to allow himself to be killed by the
witch in Edmund's place echoes Christ's willingness to die for the sins of
mankind. Both Christ and Aslan walk to their deaths filled with a heavy
sadness, fearful of the pain and the suffering that they are about to endure, and
struggle to maintain their faith that they will indeed be brought back to life. In
a scene recalling the crucifixion of Christ, Aslan is tied down to the Stone
Table and slain with a knife. After some time, Aslan returns to life, and is
more magnificent than ever. His resurrection inspires wonder in Susan and
Lucy, who both witnessed his death.

5. GENRE: Moral and Philosophical Approach

Lewis promulgated the two moral principles which are honesty and integrity
through his character in his novel but in different figures: one is the animal figure named
Mr. Tumnus which is a Faun and the other one is a human figure named Edmund. These
two characters are similar, they stand in the wrong side at first and realize their
wrongdoings which lead them to be an honest person in the end. Mr. Tumnus is a kind-
hearted Faun who chooses to be an honest and upright person after realizing his bad
doings. In the novel, when he comes across to Lucy for the first time and found out that
she is one of the "Daughters of Eve" he is determined to take her home and hand her over
to the White witch. However, Mr. Tumnus feel guilty and ashamed of himself for all the
things he has done which he opposes King Aslan and obey the request of the White
Witch. This realization makes him cry and confess to Lucy. The description of Faun's
crying demonstrates his remorse which leads to the highest point because his tears are not
the only trick down but also runoff. Hence, this part of the story presented to the readers
which Mr. Tumnus extreme suffer due to his inward struggle of being an honest man.
Edmund chooses to join the White Witch side without hesitation because he is a spiteful,
mean boy and lacks moral principles at first. He wants to get everything he desires even
at the cost of his integrity like joining the White Witch which may lead to peter, Susan,
and Lucy in danger just for the Turkish Delight and honor of being a Prince of Narnia
someday. He forgets his moral values which show his immaturity, amorality, and also
being a gluttony person. Edmund obeys all the requests of the White witch because of his
greediness. Until Edmund realizes and learns through Lucy that the Lady he met is a
dangerous witch. Hence, with the help of Aslan, he finally grows into an honest and
upright person.
The fantastical world of Narnia is one filled with magic, witches, talking animals,
and mythical figures of fantasy and folklore—even Father Christmas makes an
appearance there. Despite the fantastical atmosphere, though, Narnia is not free from
problems when Lucy and her siblings arrive in Narnia, they find that it is a world in at
least as bad a shape as their own. By denying the escapist possibilities of a utopian
dream-world, Lewis makes Narnia a place where the children who venture there must
face their problems. In doing so Lewis argues that true, pure fantasy does not exist at all
and suggests that no attempt at escaping one’s problems or circumstances will ever prove
fruitful—at least not for long.
Lucy first finds Narnia while exploring the Professor’s house with her siblings.
Lucy’s escape into Narnia is doubly meaningful, as she and her siblings have already
escaped their city, London, to avoid the violence and chaos of the air-raids during World
War II. In showing Lucy’s entry into Narnia as an escape from an escape, Lewis is
already demonstrating how tempting and yet impossible it is to try to leave one’s
problems behind. Once in Narnia, Lucy believes she has entered a fairytale. She meets a
kind Faun, Mr. Tumnus, who invites her to his cave for tea and a delicious meal, and tells
her exciting stories about his life in the forest with Nymphs and Dryads. Lucy feels
comforted, happy, and transported, but eventually decides she needs to return home, as
her siblings must be worried for her. When she tells Mr. Tumnus she needs to leave,
however, he becomes upset and starts sobbing. He reveals to Lucy that the White Witch,
the ruler of Narnia, has commanded all Narnians to ensnare any “Sons of Adam” or
“Daughters of Eve (humans) who come to Narnia and bring them to her. Lucy realizes
that the world she has found herself in is not perfect, and is dangerous. Her escape into a
fairy-world, then, becomes less of a fantasy and more of a nightmare.
Having been berated all week by her siblings for supposedly making up lies and
fantasies, Lucy decides to use the wardrobe as a hiding place during a game of hide-and-
seek and thus check, once and for all, whether the wardrobe is a portal to another world.
Lucy’s escape from her siblings during a game of hide-and-seek—already situated within
their escape from London—is set up to portend yet another confrontation with the
inability to ever truly leave one’s problems behind. Lewis complicates this new journey
into Narnia by having Edmund follow Lucy into the wardrobe. Soon, Edmund finds
himself in Narnia, but cannot find Lucy—instead, he comes face to face with the evil
White Witch herself, who plies the greedy, suggestible Edmund with sweets and gets him
to agree to lure the rest of his siblings to Narnia and bring them to the Witch. She
promises Edmund that if he heeds her, he will one day be King; his desire to show up his
siblings combined with the Witch’s enchanted candies result in Edmund’s capitulation to
the queen. Edmund, as the second-youngest, is often picked on by his older siblings, and
in Narnia, he believes he has found a way to escape their taunts and finally prove himself
as the most special and powerful of all four of them. Edmund will soon come to realize,
though, that Narnia is not a place where the struggles of the real-world melt away; rather,
in Narnia, the problems of life are magnified and battled out against an even more
heightened backdrop.
All four siblings at last escape into Narnia together when they are hiding from the
housekeeper, Mrs. Macready, and a party of sightseers she is bringing through the
Professor’s house—as it is a historic home, the children often have to evade tour groups
passing through. The children escape the tour by hiding in the wardrobe—and soon find
themselves in Narnia. As Peter and Susan marvel at their fantastical new surroundings,
they, too, at first believe themselves to be in an “exciting” fantasy world. However, when
they join Lucy and Edmund and make their way towards Mr. Tumnus’s cave, they find
that things are not at all what they seem to be. Mr. Tumnus’s cave has been ransacked,
and a sign on the door announces that Tumnus has been arrested for the charge of “High
Treason against Her Imperial Majesty Jadis, Queen of Narnia”—ostensibly for refusing
to turn Lucy over to the White Witch. Peter and Susan too now see that Narnia is not a
place where they can escape from their problems and lose themselves in fantasy—there is
a real danger here, too, and they are at the very center of it. As the four siblings witness
the chaos at Tumnus’s house, they consider turning around and heading back for the
Professor’s; Susan is the first to suggest they abandon Narnia and return home. Lucy
protests, though, insisting they must try to rescue Tumnus. Edmund wants to go home,
 too, but Susan then changes her tune and admits that though she “wish[es they’d] never
come” to Narnia, they cannot turn back now.
6. The first third of the novel consists of Lewis’s attempt to establish the impossibility of
escapism in a world fraught with war, corruption, and pain. To leave one’s problem’s
behind is an unrealistic wish, and as the children, one by one, find themselves pulled into
the world of Narnia and forced to reckon with the evil and danger that exists there as
well, they begin to realize that even fantasy worlds are not immune to suffering and
strife.
 I. SUMMARY
Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy Pevensie are four siblings sent during World War II to
live in the country with the eccentric Professor Kirke. On a rainy day, the kids explore the house
and find a big wardrobe for Lucy, the youngest. In a strange, snowy forest, Lucy steps inside and
finds herself. Lucy meets Tumnus the Faun, who is shocked to meet a human female. Lucy is
told by Tumnus that she has reached Narnia, another world. Lucy is asked to tea by Tumnus, and
she agrees. There's a great tea for Lucy and Tumnus, but the faun bursts into tears and reveals
he's a minion of the wicked White Witch Tumnus, revealing that he's been enlisted to catch
human beings.
Lucy leaves Narnia and tells her siblings enthusiastically about her wardrobe adventure.
However, they do not believe her. Lucy's siblings say that, as she says, Lucy was just gone for
seconds and not for hours. They see that it is an ordinary piece of furniture when the children of
Pevensie look at the back of the wardrobe. Edmund teases Lucy before he sees her slipping into a
closet one day. Edmund follows Lucy and even discovers himself in Narnia. He doesn't see
Lucy, and meets the White Witch that Tumnus told Lucy about instead. The Witch presents
herself as the Queen of Narnia to Edmund. The Witch feeds Turkish Delight enchanted by
Edmund, which gives Edmund an insatiable desire for the dessert.
Edmund encounters Lucy on the way back to the lamppost, the boundary between Narnia
and our world. Back in their own country, Lucy and Edmund return to Peter and Susan. In order
to sustain her tale about Narnia, Lucy depends on Edmund, but Edmund spitefully tells Peter and
Susan that it is a dumb story.
One day the children hide in the wardrobe to avoid the housekeeper and some
houseguests. To stop the housekeeper and some house guests, the kids hide in the closet one day.
All four of the Pevensie children unexpectedly find themselves in Narnia. Lucy leads them to the
home of Tumnus, but a note tells them that Tumnus has been imprisoned on treason charges.
Lucy discovered that this means that the Witch knew that Lucy's life was saved by Tumnus, and
that Tumnus was caught by the Witch. The children walk into the woods, led by a friendly robin,
and encounter Mr. Beaver. Mr. Beaver takes them back to his house, where he explains that there
is nothing the children can do to save Tumnus. The only thing kids can do is accompany Mr.
Beaver on a trip to see a lion called Aslan. Aslan appears to be a god or king figure in Narnia.
The next day, Mr. Beaver, Peter, Susan, and Lucy conspire to meet Aslan at the Stone
Table, but soon they find that Edmund has vanished. Meanwhile, to alert her of Aslan's arrival
and the Beavers' scheme, Edmund searches for the White Witch. The Witch is enraged to learn
that Aslan is in Narnia and starts to plan to destroy the kids immediately.
In the meantime, the kids and the Beavers hurry to hit the Stone Table before the Witch.
Wonderful seasonal changes occur as they fly. They meet Santa Claus first, or Father Christmas,
who explains that the "always winter and never Christmas" spell of the Witch has weakened. The
magical snow of winter melts and the kids see signs of spring.
 Once spring arrives, The Witch can no longer use her sledge, so she can't hit the Stone
Table before the children. When Aslan meets the other three Pevensies, they are surprised at him,
but in his presence, they quickly become more relaxed. Aslan vows to do everything in his power
to save Edmund. To show him the castle where he's going to be king, he takes Peter aside. They
hear Susan blowing the magic horn that Father Christmas gave her, signaling that she is in
danger, when they are talking. To help her, Aslan sends Peter. As he gets to the scene, Peter sees
a wolf attacking Susan and stabbing her to death with the sword Father Christmas gave him.
Aslan rescues Edmund with his disciples, but is unable to locate the Witch, who disguises
herself as part of the landscape. Edmund is pleased to see his brothers and sisters, as he has
acknowledged that the Witch is evil. The Witch and Aslan talk the next day and the Witch
demands the life of Edmund because she claims that Edmund is a traitor. The Witch claims that a
traitor's life is forfeited to the Witch, according to the Profound Magic of Narnia.
Susan and Lucy watch Aslan grow increasingly gloomy and sad the following night. The
sisters are unable to sleep, and they notice the absence of Aslan. He informs them that when they
find Aslan, they should stay before he tells them they have to leave.
Aslan, Susan, and Lucy walk to the Stone Table together, where Aslan advises them to
depart. Behind some bushes, Susan and Lucy hide and watch the Witch and a horde of her
follower’s torment, humiliate, and eventually kill Aslan. The Witch states that, for Edmund,
Aslan sacrificed his soul.
Susan and Lucy stay overnight with Aslan's dead body. They hear a great cracking noise
in the morning, and are astonished to see the broken Stone Table. Aslan has vanished. Susan and
Lucy suddenly heard Aslan's voice from behind him. From the dead, Aslan has risen. Aslan
carries the girls to the castle of the Witch, where all the prisoners who were turned to stone are
freed. Aslan, Susan, and Lucy take charge of the battle between the army of Peter and the troops
of the Witch. Peter is exhausted, and his troops. Fortunately, Aslan kills the Witch quickly, and
the Army of Peter then defeats the followers of the Witch.
Aslan, Edmund's knight, who atoned for his sin of siding with the Witch. In Cair Paravel,
the castle in Narnia, the children ascend to the thrones. Aslan disappears subsequently.
Eventually, the children become adults and reign for many years over Narnia. One day, hunting
for a magical white stag, they arrive at a lampstand that marks the border between our world and
Narnia. The Pevensies are tumbling back to our world from the wardrobe. No time has passed,
and they are returning as children to Professor Kirke's house. Professor Kirke tells the foursome
about their adventure, and the professor assures them that someday they will return to Narnia
again.

II. IMPLICATIONS IN TODAY’S SOCIETY

The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe carry moral
lessons for the children, as it is adult readers as well. This story contains good values
children for to learn. It can be a good means because the story reveals the messages
without anger. The magical plot and interesting characters will lead the children into
enjoyment and comfort as they explore the book, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.
Be it directly or indirectly, they will get good messages while they enjoy the story. It is
easy to relate with the children throughout the flow of the book as they are faced with
difficult problems and decisions to make, despite their artistic encapsulation in the
fantasy world of Narnia. Forgiveness Besides honesty and integrity, forgiveness is an
indispensable value for children as they grow up. Forgiveness is like a “catalyst” that can
promote reform. As is demonstrated in the novel, both Mr. Tumnus and Edmund make
mistakes from the start, but they transform into upright men at last, which is primarily
due to the forgiving action made by others. Edmund betrays his family and follows the
evil witch—a wretched woman who crippled Narnia by her wrongful claim to the throne
and by the instigation of oppressive rule. Even though he was disobedient, King Aslan
sent his forces to rescue Edmund from the witch's clutches. After his rescue, Edmund was
reunited with his brother and his sisters. The clumsiness between him and his siblings is
evident; Edmund feels shame about his wretched behavior, and his brother and sisters are
hurt by what he has done. But before the punches can be thrown, Aslan says something to
the group that's going to take everyone back. "What’s done is done. There is no need to
speak with Edmond about his past." (Lewis, p. 74) Instead of punishment, he received
forgiveness from the king. When King Aslan forgave Edmund, that settled it. In a real
scenario, people didn't know how to forgive especially when the reason was too serious
but the one who made that mistake was just a human. The common denominator for the
people of the earth is that people often do mistakes, like Edmund and Mr. Tumnus, but
they deserve forgiveness. People deserve some forgiveness even though it is hard to do it.
Once a person gives forgiveness, it is a precious gift that they can give to themselves.
Honesty and Integrity Honesty and integrity are the basic moral qualities for children or
adults of all time. The Webster Dictionary defines “honesty” as “SINCERITY,” while
“integrity” is defined in the dictionary as “Integrity is the type of honesty wherein one is
doing what is right according to their moral and artistic values even without others are
looking”
It is suggested through the definition that “honesty” is incorporated in “integrity,”
for “integrity” includes great moral principles besides “honesty.” Lewis proclaims these
two moral principles honesty and integrity through two different ways of figure: one is
the animal figure the Faun; the other is the human character, Edmund. These two
characters are similar in inspiring moral values. they stand on the wrong side at first but
choose to be an honest person in the end. However, they differ in some respects as well:
the Faun realizes his fault at the very beginning, while Edmund grows into a just person
gradually. Before the discussion of these two figures. Courage Since children will “bring
their own experiences with them and relate them to the story” it is thus necessary for
children’s literature to be educational and convey a positive experience. Lewis imparted
important messages about life in LWW as well. Instead of mentioning “neither death nor
aging,” as the “safe” stories have done (Bettelheim, p. 8), C.S Lewis describes many
scenes of death. Lewis wanted to show that “real” life is full of difficulties and struggle,
and only people with a strong will and courage can master all obstacles and achieve
victory in the end. The Wiktionary defines “courage” as “the quality of a confident
character not to be afraid or intimidated easily but without being incautious or
inconsiderate” (http://en.wiktionary.org/). Therefore, the quality of courage not only
contains valor but also includes wisdom and cautiousness. The Faun, Mr. Taumun,
showed courage in his way that can be seen when he asked Mr. Beaver to wait for the
 four siblings. "Poor fellow, he got wind of arrest before it happened and handed this over
to me. He said that if anything happened to him, I must meet you here and take you on
to-" (p. 35). The distinguished warriors with courage in the novel are Peter, Edmund, and
Mr. Beaver. Peter is not courage man. Peter meets Aslan for the first time. He even does
not plucky enough to go ahead: “Go on,” whispered Mr. Beaver. “No,” whispered Peter,
“you first.” “No, Sons of Adam before animals,” whispered Mr. Beaver back again.
“Susan,” whispered Peter. “What about you? Ladies first.” (Lewis, p. 119) "You doubt
your value, don't run from who you are." This quote from Aslan stresses the value that we
mustn't doubt ourselves, even when it feels like hope is lost. This remains important and
will forever be important for the people. Courage is one of most the important lessons in
this book because children, as well as adults who read this book, will be courageous
enough to win and survive the challenge of the world's greatest enemy, the pandemic,
which gives many people problems and suffers. Although you might feel despairing,
frightened, or sick, you can still behave bravely. And even though bravery can't be
learned, good people will find that they have unknown reserves of strength in difficult
moments. Self-sacrifice In comparison with the moral principles of honesty and integrity,
forgiveness, and courage, self-sacrifice is the most important and significant because it is
the ultimate expression of the best a person can be. In this section, the examples of Aslan,
Edmund, and Lucy all demonstrate that how can a person exceed the limitation of self
and achieve the supreme act of self-sacrifice. Aslan, who accepts death at the hand of the
White Witch to save Edmund’s life, is the most distinguished example of self-sacrifice.
Wrong will be right when Aslan comes in sight, At the sound of his roar, sorrows will be
no more, when he bares his teeth, winter meets its death, and when he shakes his mane,
we shall have spring again. (Lewis, p. 76) Self-sacrifice is rare at this point because
people have different problems and ways to face them, but some people give a chance to
others and give the support of the others.

III. OPINION/CONCLUSION
C.S. Lewis had a writing style unlike any seen before his time. He has provided
entertainment and wilder imaginations for countless children, while amusing and stimulating the
minds of adults. The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe was
published five years after the conclusion of the Second World War. C.S. Lewis had opened his
home to some of the young refugees, one who had been fascinated by a wardrobe, imagined that
there was another way out of it through the other side. This struck a chord with Lewis, who had
first read about a magic wardrobe as a boy. Lewis completed his story, The Lion, the Witch and
the Wardrobe, in 1948. 
The story shows the adventure of the Pevensie children as they discover the magical
world hiding in their wardrobe, Narnia. They encountered the noble creator of the world, Aslan,
the lion and the White Witch who ruled Narnia with an iron fist, Queen Jadis. The Narnian army
prevails, and Aslan kills the White Witch. The Pevensie children free a country from tyranny and
emerge as Narnia’s beloved kings and queens, complete with impressive titles: ‘Lucy the
Valiant’, ‘Peter the Magnificent’, ‘Susan the Gentle’ and ‘Edmund the Just’ (p.195). They made
good laws and kept the peace, saved good trees from being cut down, liberated young dwarfs
from being sent to school, generally stopped busybodies and interferers and encouraged ordinary
people who wanted to live and let live (p.195). With the children’s transformation in Narnia,
Lewis comments on the boundless potential of children, as well as for the people, to grow and
achieve when they are treated with dignity and afforded responsibilities
There are a lot of allegories in this story and a lot of Christian representations. Although
God and Christ have never been explicitly mentioned, the parallels between Aslan and Christ are
very recognizable. The things like the cracking of the Stone Table, the role of prophecy, self-
sacrifice, public humiliation before death, resurrection, and references to Christmas, Adam and
Eve are included and mentioned. C.S. Lewis combines biblical application with fiction to help
children with their struggle to believe how one little sin will condemn the people to Hell and how
Jesus' love for the weakest and smallest person changed the world.
C.S. Lewis once said that “there must be something unnatural about the rule of wives
over husbands” (Lewis 93), set in the firm belief that the male must be the dominant force. In the
Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, he idealized women are child-like, and they embrace their
place under male authority with grace, happiness, and no complaints. He does not provide space
for other expressions of femininity, whether from ignorance, lack of experience, as philosophical
opposition, or a combination of the three. An adult must tell the children that it is absolutely right
for girls to be brave and strong, whilst boys can be the healers of the world too.
C.S. Lewis presented a vision of clear values; stripping good and evil down to their cores.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe emphasized that no matter where you come from, no
matter how old you are, courage and bravery can be a good thing, especially when it comes to
helping people or those you love the most. The essence of fighting for the friendship you
cherished, the family you treasure and the values that you believed in, be it your principles or
your faith. This is a book well worth reading for its powerful ideas: that a text can keep a family
together to enjoy a magical story, that a book imbued with beauty and history is worth the
sacrifices made for it, and a book can have the power to be cherished and revered even by those
of other faiths and cultures for this book enlightened its audience to keep doing the right things
and to keep a family close with each other.
References:
1. James E. Higgins, A Letter from C. S. Lewis (2011)
<http://archive.hbook.com/magazine/articles/1960s/oct66_higgins.asp&gt;
2. Peter J. Schakel, The Way into Narnia: a reader’s guide (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2005)
3. C.S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (London: HarperCollins, 2009)
4. C.S. Lewis, Surprised by Joy (London: Collins, 2012)
5. ‘The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, dir. by Andrew
Adamson (Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, 2005)
6. Schakel, Peter. "C.S. Lewis". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Dec. 2020,
https://www.britannica.com/biography/C-S-Lewis. Accessed 31 January 2021.
7. Imbornoni, Ann-Marie. “The Origins of Narnia”. Infoplease, February 28, 2017,
https://www.infoplease.com/culture-entertainment/journalism-literature/origins-
narnia#:~:text=Who%20Is%20Aslan%3F,is%20told%20in%20the%20Bible.
8. https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/lion/characters/
9. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/characters
10. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/characters/aslan
11. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/characters/the-white-
witch-the-queen
12. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/characters/peter
13. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/characters/susan
14. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/characters/edmund
15. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-lion-the-witch-and-the-wardrobe/characters/lucy

16. Laura Moon Kim, author of ClassicNote. Completed on November 28, 2005, copyright
held by GradeSaver.
17. Updated and revised by Jordan Berkow January 12, 2006. Copyright held by GradeSaver.