LECTURE MODULE

MECHANICAL
VIBRATION
VIBRATION DAMPERS

Faculty Major Chapter Code Compiled by

Engineering Mechanical W13170001 Dedik Romahadi, ST., M.Sc
Engineering
13 6

Abstract Competence
Studying of VIBRATION Able to understand the
DAMPERS. VIBRATION DAMPERS.
VIBRATION DAMPERS
A vibration damper is an auxiliary system composed of an inertia element and a viscous
damper that is connected to a primary system as a means of vibration control. Vibration
dampers are used in situations where vibration control is required over a range of
frequencies.
The Houdaille damper of Figure 6.27 is an example of a vibration damper that is used for
vibration control of rotating devices such as engine crankshafts. The damper is inside a
casing that is attached to the end of the shaft. The casing contains a viscous fluid and a
mass that is free to rotate in the casing. The differential equations governing the motion of
the two degree-of-freedom torsional system are

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If the optimum damping ratio is used in the design of a Houdaille damper then

BENCHMARK EXAMPLES
MACHINE ON FLOOR OF INDUSTRIAL PLANT
In Chapter 4, vibration isolation of the machine was considered by ignoring the mass and
flexibility of the beam. They are taken into account using the model of Figure 6.28. The mass
of the beam is lumped at the midspan using the equivalent mass of the beam. The stiffness
of the beam is the stiffness used in the SDOF model. The force transmitted through the
isolator to the beam is k(x2 - x1).
The differential equations governing the two degree-of-freedom system are

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A normal-mode solution is used to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes
resulting in

For comparison purposes, the natural frequency of the machine on a rigid beam is 35.6
rad/s,
and the natural frequency of the machine mounted directly to the flexible beam is 144.9
rad/s. Since the force transmitted to the beam is k(x2 - x1), define a new variable z = x2 - x1.
The differential equations written using x1 and z as generalized coordinates become

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The magnitude of the sinusoidal transfer function is

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SIMPLIFIED SUSPENSION SYSTEM
The two degree-of-freedom model shown in Figure 6.30(a) is used for the vehicle suspension
system. The “unsprung” mass represents the mass of the axle and wheel, and the additional
stiffness represents the tire. The unsprung mass is 50 kg, which is much less than the mass
of the vehicle, while the stiffness of the tire is 200,000 N/m, which is much greater than the
stiffness of the suspension spring. A quick calculation reveals that lumping the unsprung and
sprung masses together and assuming the two spring are in series, as shown in Figure
6.30(b), gives a natural frequency of

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Consider free vibrations of an empty vehicle as ms = 300 kg. The differential equations are
summarized in matrix form as

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The general solution of the differential equations is obtained using Equation (6.21) as

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The frequency responses for x1 and x2 are derived using the sinusoidal transfer functions.
The determination for x2(t) is detailed, and the transfer function for x1(t) is simply presented.
Taking the Laplace transform of each of the differential equations with an arbitrary y(t) on the
right-hand side yields.

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REFERENCES
Benaroya, H., Nagurka, M., & Han, S. (2017). Mechanical Vibration: Analysis, Uncertainties,
and Control, Fourth Edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Kelly, S. G. (2012). Mechanical Vibrations: Theory and Applications, SI. USA: Global
Engineering: Christopher M. Shortt.

Lalanne, C. (2013). Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis, Random Vibration. Wiley.

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