Standard English (SE)

is the variety of English that has undergone substantial regularisation and is associated with
formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as public service
announcements and newspapers of record, etc It is local to nowhere its grammatical and
lexical components are no longer regionally marked, although many of them originated in
different, non-adjacent dialects, and it has very little of the variation found in spoken or
earlier written varieties of English. According to Trudgill Standard English is a dialect pre-
eminently used in writing that is largely distinguishable from other English dialects by means
of its grammar.
Irregular Verbs
An irregular verb is a type of verb that does not follow the general rule of using “-ed” at the
end of the word to make the past tense or the past participle form. It means the spellings of
an irregular verb can be tricky, and may follow a different pattern.
The most common irregular lexical verbs in English grammar are: say, go, get, think, know,
come, make, take, and see. They usually follow the pattern like drink-drank, know-knew,
blow-blew, spring-sprang, or none of these such as put-put or cut-cut. For instance, “Mr.
Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till
midday on Sunday” (Animal Farm, by George Orwell). Here the underlined words are
irregular verb forms.
Common Names
Police Jargons
is the specialized language (terms or expressions) primarily used in the line of police
duty, law enforcement, and criminal justice. When civilians use this jargon however,
you run the risk of frustrating or confusing people; they are sometimes not sure
what you're saying. However, if you learn some police jargon and only use it when
it's appropriate, some people might find you a bit more interesting.

Example of Police Jargons

• Suspect - suspects are the people that the police are looking at for a
crime. Other names for suspect might include defendants, arrestees, or
persons of interest.

• 10-4 - even little kids playing cops and robbers know what this means.
It means, "OK" or "Got it". However, the codes have changed a bit to be
more clear due to most, if not all, police officers talking over radios now.

• P.O.V. - Personally Owned Vehicle (versus patrol car, etc.) is all this
means

• Code Eight - serious situation where an officer is requesting help

immediately. If you're a police officer on duty, you drop everything and
go right away.

• Taking a code 7 - this simply means you're on lunch break

• Code Eleven - you're on the scene