TRAN HIEU NHUE THOAT NUGC vA xU LY NUGC THAI | CONG NGHIEP NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUATGS, TS TRAN HIEU NHUB, THOAT NUGC VA XU LY NUGC THAI CONG NGHIEP ee Nur Cri Lan & NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT HA NOI - 2001LOI NOI DAU DE dan dan cdi thin ditu hign ue sinh moi truong cho cae khu cong rghit vi dé thi, ngudi ta pha dp dung céec bien phép t6 chite vi kj thud han ché hoge gidm ede loai chat thai dang lang, rin va khi ita timg xi nghitp cong nghiep, Mot trong nhiing sign phap tick euc eta vide dua of maé tradmg, chong 6 nhiém ngudn nude la 15 chite thodt nude vi xik Ij nude thai trude khi xd ra ngudn, O nude ta hign nay €6 tdi tren $000 xi nghigp cong nghitp va rat nhidu co ad site xudt tide thit cong nghitp. Trong sang Iai dé, nam 2000 con 86 nay sé tang hon nhieu, Céc xi nghitp cing nghiep vi co sd tiéu thi cong nghitp nay 42 tao ra mt AOI wong 1én céc logi nude thdi, trong dé cé nhidu Logi nude thdi dge hai. 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C nam by Tulin hod vie chet hewng medic bi xu di Didu nay oo nghia ta tai st dung nude va trong qud trinh van hanh co nhidm bain bai ede tap chat ngogi tai [dn vao, Vige ede chat ngoai lai Ian vBo 6 thé Ia * 8 cong doan véi qua trinh Tam ngudi:- thap hap thy lm sech kh{ ¢6 chia HCI (d6t réc sinh hoat ti ee ho gia inh); « thap héip thy lim sach Ki ¢6 chia SO; (hl thai khi dun ndi hai; + thap hd thy khi c6 chda HF, HCN (kh{ thai tir 1d nung es budng khi nongh; - ty gi can thep hoae phun trong nha may can thép bang dau mo; - thap phun sin xudt phan dam - nite bing dung dich nits amon; + van chuyén gl va dép tt than cdc bang dung dich céc hop chét sunfua, * 6 cong doan khong es qué trinh lam ngust: + ngiiws trong qua trinh ma dién bang ede chat phy gia dang musi tan; - thap hap thu khi trong céng nghiép sin xust phan photphat; = van chuyén nguyen lide thd iin them chat 10 fing vA cic loai mudi (ede nha may rita, tuyén quang kim loai). 1.2.2, Gde loai hé thong tam ngudi va tulin hoan nude Theo edu tao vac co céu cong nghé ¢6 hai loai din hinh vé hé théng lam ngudi vie tuan hon nube: Lam nguéi vA tuiin hoin kin nhu hé thong ndi hai va tulin ho’n nude ngung th. 1. 32); + Lam ngugi va t th. 13, 0) Theo d6i twong can lam ngudi hay lim mét e6 ede he thong lam ngugi hay Jam mat dp dung cho cae Ai tutong sau: + Ngung ty va trao déi mhiet; + Lam mét xang du, khong khi hode chat ling; - Lam mat dong co, may nén; = Lam mét 16 nung 66 ludng khi nong, 1d luyén thép, nha may edn thép, tha méy sin xuft ede bénh xe lan, bo ndn ding, Sv hoat dong cla céc he théng nay tay thuge: = loai két edu vom hode Sng hoac ban mong - kigu tudin hoan nude (trong, ngodi, Iu t6e, v.v.); - foai kim loai tip xie vai nude (thép thudng, thép khong gi, dong, hop kim, nhom, ..); ~ vat tig sit dung dé fam thiét bi phu trd cia he thong (betong, g6, ...) dé Lisp xtie véi nde cong cn drige xem xét ‘Theo dite kien dp dung 06 thé phén chin thanh ba Ioai hé théng lam ngudk = Nude néng duige xA thing ra song hosic hg théng thoat nude (h. 1.3.0); - Jam ngubi bang céch tiép xic v6i dong chat féng thit cp (khong khi hoan hé nhw thap hép thy Him sach va lam ngudi khi fohhoae nude) va quay tré v8 déi tugng clin lam ngudi ma Khong tiép xiic voi khi quy6n, Truting hop nay goi la he thng tun hean kin (h. 1.3.b, ©); - Lam ngudi bing céch bay hoi mot phan trong thép lam ngudi va sau 45 trd vb Adi tutgng cn Tam ngudi. 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Do do hai nghign czy bign phip hain chink day chuy’n sin xudt, thu hdi ese chat qui trong xi nghiép, ‘Thong thuting khi gidm luong miféc thai thi ndng dd chét bén sé tang fén, Ahi ds 98 gia duge dung theh cong trinb xit ly, te la gikm gid thinh xay dung va quan ly. Dang thi khi néng do tang len, sé 48 ding thu hdi chat qui va ndi chung hiéu sudt xi ly s¢ tang lén, Tuy nhien, khi dé ndng 49 chit bain edn fai vdn cao, kode néit ding phdang phap sink hos dé xi }y, ndng 60 chit ban qué cao 58 ngin cén qué trinh va nhigu kiti 42i hai phai xif ly so bo aé gidm nong 6 chat bein trong nue tha Noi tow tei, Khi thide KE cde xf nghiép cong nghiep, vin db cp thoat nude Phai duce giai quyét trong mot té hop thong nhs, dang thai phai luu ¥ dén cic cong trinh ky thudt khde trong pham vi xf nghigp. Mat khae co thé két hop gisi quyét thoat nude cho tadn bo cum din cu va xi nghiép cong nghiép, thi hieu qua kinh té s& eao han, 1.2. 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