Types of Models for Professional Development

1. Models of CPD

Lieberman (1996) classified CPD into three types

1. Direct teaching (such as courses, workshops)

2. learning in school (such as peer coaching, critical friendships, mentoring, action research)

3. out of school learning (visits to other schools, school-university partnerships and so on)

Kennedy (2005) identify nine models of CPD:

• Training • Award-bearing • Deficit • Cascade • Standards-based

 Coaching/Mentoring • Community of practice • Action research • Transformative

2. Continuing Professional Development (MOE)

 CPD is a planned, continuous and lifelong process. Where by teachers try to develop their personal
and professional qualities, and improve their knowledge, skills and practice. CPD encompasses all
behaviors which are intended to effect change in the classroom.

3. Concept of continuing professional development (CPD)

4. Goals and importance of CPD

Goals;

 Improve students learning/achievements

 Teachers become aware of the new development and techniques of teaching
 Learn from other teachers experiences
 Critically reflect on their teaching practice and take corrective measures
 Based on feedback provided by head teacher through classroom observation , improve their
teaching practice in order to improve students performance
 Design and implement different strategies/activities to address students issues

Importance:

 The education professional

 Enhance your confidence and motivation
 Contribute to your career development as you become more effective in your workplace
 Allow you to consolidate and demonstrate your professionalism, both to yourself and others
 The quality of teaching is recognized as one of the most important factors in determining
learner outcomes. In other words, a good teacher will achieve better results from their
learners than a poor one and vice versa
 If access to effective CPD encourages you to be more confident, motivated and inspired,
giving you the reward of greater professional satisfaction

5. CPD Model, MOE

The Ministry has launched and distributed the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) Plan to
all principals and head teachers in Malaysia. The plan serves as a guideline for school leaders and
teachers to develop themselves professionally and enhance their core competencies. Some of the
suggested activities that would help in improving teacher professionalism are coaching and
mentoring, innovation project, knowledge discourse and benchmarking.

6. Implementation of CPD

Continuing professional development, or CPD, is the ongoing process of developing, maintaining and

documenting your professional skills. These skills may be gained formally, through courses or
training, or informally, on the job or by watching others.

The Ministry introduced the Unified Instrument (UI) in 2014 to gauge the baseline of teacher
performance. During this pre-implementation stage, teachers undergo a continuous performance
review. They were assessed based on teaching competencies and performance in improving student
outcomes. Underperforming teachers will receive additional support through counselling and
professional development programmes. Those who show no improvement and continue to
underperform will be exite

7. Activities for CPD

 Lecturing or teaching.

 Mentoring.

 Being an examiner.

 Being a tutor.

 Involvement in a professional body, specialist-interest group or other groups.

 Maintaining or developing specialist skills.

 Giving presentations at conferences.

To maintain the quality of teachers in schools, the Ministry implemented the following activities:

• New Teacher Development Program - an induction course to help new teachers fit into their role.

• Competency Development Course - a compulsory course for low performers to meet the minimum
competency standard set by the Ministry.

• Competency Development Course by Grade - an optional development programme to increase

teacher competency. In 2014, 23,507 Grade 41 teachers participated in the programme.

• e-Guru videos - an additional resource for teachers to enhance their teaching and learning
sessions. A total of 105 e-Guru videos were introduced in 2014.