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3. Food stored in a refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in a kitchen cabinet.
Explain why.
[4 marks]
Answer:
- In a refrigerator, the temperature is lower
- Bacterial activity is lower / less active
- Bacteria produce less toxin
- The rate of food damage is low// the food rots slowly.
Or
- In a kitchen cabinet, the temperature is higher
- Bacterial activity is higher / more active
- Bacteria produce more toxin
- The rate of food damage is high// the food rots quickly
4. Table below shows information about the reactants and the temperature used
in an experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of a reaction.
(b) Based on Table and Graph, Compare the rate of reaction between :
• Experiment I and Experiment II
• Experiment II and Experiment III
In each case, explain the difference in rate of reaction with reference to the
collision theory.
[10 marks]
Answer:
(a) Average rate of reaction = 50 = 0.909 cm3 s-1
55
5. Table 5 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried
out to study the
rate of reaction of zinc with two acids,hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid.
Answer:
(a)(i) Expt I: Average rate of reaction = 960 = 4 cm-3 s-1
240
Expt II: Average rate of reaction = 960 = 6.4 cm-3 s-1
150
Answer:
1. Label of Energy on vertical axis
2.The position of the energy level of the reactants is higher than the
energy level of the product
3. Correct position for ∆H
4.Correct position for Ea
5. Correct position for Ea’
Explaination:
1. Reaction is exothermic
2. The reactants contain more energy than the products
3. ∆H is the energy difference in the reactants and in the products
4. Heat given out during bond formation is greater than heat absorbed
during bond breaking
5. The use of catalyst reduces/lowers the activation energy
6. The following table shows reading of an experiment to study the rate of reaction
Time/s 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 12 15 18 21 24 27
0 0 0 0 0 0
Volume of 0.0 12 20 24 26 30 31 32 32. 33 33 33
Carbon 5
dioxide gas/
cm3
Answer:
(b) (i) average rate of reaction = 26 cm = 0.43 cm3 s-1 atau 26 cm3 min-1
60 sec
(ii) rate of reaction at 36 s = 0.20 -0.30 cm3 s-1
7. Using theory of collision, explain the effect of the following factors on rate of
reaction.
(a) concentration
(b) temperature
(c) size of particle/ total surface area
(d) catalyst
Answer:
(a) Effect of concentration
When the concentration of the solution is higher/ increases,
-number of particle per unit volume also increases.
-number of collision between particles increases
-frequency of collision between reactant particles increase
- frequency of effective collision increases.
-rate of reaction increases.
(b) Effect of temperature
When the temperature of solution is higher/increases
- kinetic energy of the reactant particles also increases
- number of collision between particles increases
-frequency of collision between reactant particles increase
- frequency of effective collision increases.
-rate of reaction increases.
(c) Effect of size
When the size of the reactants is smaller
-total surface area per unit volume is larger
- more surface area of reactant particles is exposed to collision .
-number of collision between particles increases
-frequency of collision between reactant particles increase
- frequency of effective collision increases.
-rate of reaction increases
(d) Effect of catalyst
When catalyst is used
- catalyst lowers activation energy
- number of effective collision increases.
- frequency of effective collision increases
- rate of reaction increases
Answer:
(a) Catalyst is a substance that alter rate of reaction.
(b) Characteristics of catalyst
-Only a small amount is needed
-it is specific in its action
-it remains chemically unchanged during the reaction
-the amount of product remains unchanged with or without catalyst.
-it may undergo physical changes