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    Bizscochita Delas Flores
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    Paper Engineering for Pop-Up Books and Cards (1)

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views45 pages

    Paper Engineering For Pop-Up Books and Cards

    Uploaded by

    Bizscochita Delas Flores

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 45
    It moves. ‘The purpose of this book is to stimulate interest in the imaginative possibilities of the kind of paper engineering which is used for pop-up books. It can be regarded as a basic dictionary or encyclopedia of mechanisms which do work and which can be used as starting points for further inventiveness, The effects of the mechanisms are dynamic and three-dimensional and go it did not seem either sensible or vivid enough to try to describe them only in words and static two-dimensional pictures. Hence, itis a feature of this book that you can make a working model of each of ie mechanisms. Only by making and playing with each mechanism in turn, can you really ‘ppreciale.the possiblities which it offers. The working models Page No, 1. Multiple layers 8 2, Floating layers 12 3.VHtold 6 4. Miigic box 20 5. Moving arm 24 6, Rotating dise 28 7. Sliding mation 32 & Pullup planes 36 8, Pivoting motion 40 44 10. Dissolving scenes y PAPER ENGINEERING for pop-up books and cards 7 Mark Hiner Making the models... This book has been designed so that you can make 2 working model of each of the ten mechanisms and then conveniently keop them for easy future reference. Just follow the Instructions on this page. 1 ‘Cut each working model sheet in turn out of the book, making sure that you do not cut off the tab by the spine. 2. Make up each of the mechanisms taking note of the folowing symbols which are used. ————_aitiine : cl fold ee te Lo 3. ‘When the model is complete, gue It back into the book on the tab provided. The mechanism is ‘nen available for easy reference end it wil fokt neatly away, Cutting Use ether a pal of scissors o, beter st a Shap rat Fete. etl flr mas be used 1 Gude tre tafe Pretec ine ertace you ae Eetig‘on wth a pec of ek carder 2 board ot sore kind Successful paper engineering needs creases and folds which are crisp and accurate. This means that the paper must be scored so that it folds precisely along the desired edges. The best ‘method isto rule along the lines witn a ballpoint pen winch is out of ink. Some people wil feo happier with a scoring styius or a blunt craft knife, The aim is to compress the fbres of the paper so that it wil fold and flex easily, but not to cult right through. Folding Mostly it wil be sufficient to fold and crease along the scored line. However you may find it hlpful to fold against @ metal rer Glueing To get the best resulis you will need a gue which sets quickly but not instantly and which ‘9085 not make diny marks. We particularly recommend a petroleum basod alte tke UHU or Bostic Clear. Good resuils may also be obiained with white adhesive lke Copyiax or PVA. Apply the que sparingly, Justa litle too ‘mueh in the wrong place can ruin a mechanism! Your own designs... ‘The approach of Christmas or a birthday is a fine excuse to do some paper engineering. What about a ‘special pop-up card or book for a ‘special cccasion? With each of the ten mechanisms there is a page called ‘technical considerations’, On it you will find useful advice for using that particular mechanism. You will also find two or three possible applications which may be helpful Pop-up cards Ty 1 exo the surprise factor which nino Dine mechan which you ehoove Ite moat baling where the message andthe machan are oon bo harmony Hower the most portant fare is thal the mechan won ant cortinas 1 work When Yeu produce & succes er appropiate cord ‘at be aor, handled and parce arose Mow uch noe ft doesnot solgpee unde he pressure! As a general rule, keep it simple! Pop-up books Most pop-up books nave fhe or six spreads but it is best teat them seperately, just asf you were making a series of cards. Then cateuly ghuo thom toga to make tho book. There 1 ro need lo spread que over the whole cage toa, © trp rear the edges wil be sutcent. Be éaretu to Keep ler of any mechan, rn QS ‘Glue the collection of pages into a cover made ‘of sti card, scored so that It will open cleeniy. Carefully measure the thickness required for the ‘spine of the book. Paper It is not necessary to use very thick paper for op-upe This book is printod on 170 gem papor fang for many purposes thinner paper nould nave ces yo tnd appar whch fe ett and Springy and which wil make a pood crease vinen fis scored and folded The tres paper have a gain and tne aircton af te gan le usualy rotred to 8 the ‘tun’ ofthe paper Tho spingose can be diferent along end across the run ofthe paper This not usualy @ problem, but is worth checking Ceck aloo thet the pant or crayons do not have an unexpected effect on the paper you are gong to-use. Wax crayons may ropl the gio you intend o vse. Envelopes you ate going to make & pops cara ana intend to send iby post, itis good ia Yo think ofthe envelope ist Is dfcut fo make a proescional looking ervolope and thy only Come ir earn sos Cut the base to fit the envelope before starting your card. Mechanism | Multiple layers ‘All the layers for this mechanism are planes which are parallel to one or other of the base planes. It is a very simple way of getting a three dimensional effect. A working model to make | Mechanism | Multiple layers I ‘eaumanoo NaH av. 01 3970 1 ngnioan Moltiple Layers Mechanism 1 Mechanism | Technical considerations Multiple layers This mechanism was one of the first to be used for pop-up books and is undoubtedly one of the simplest. Each individual Image or plcture is fat, but by means of multiple layers, an impression of depth is created. This impression can be enhanced where necessary by the dell and deition of the cravings used on the foreground and background layers. In theory any numberof layers is possible as long as each space isa parallelogram. In practco tf best notte have too many or the bulk of paper prevents the card from closing properly. It you are dovbttu about a design, look at I fom the side so That you can see al the edges. Each edge must be paral! o-one of the two base planes, & KN A ‘a ong 08 the edoss ae but to ave the the base ‘Theo 10 to paral parallel lo ope sie of he big enouah frre But Ht Basa tne card wl ol at Pot wore! ‘This mechanism is usually intended to be seen when the angle between the base planes is 90°, giving either 2 square comer or else a horizontal and vertical. If you are having trouble with a design, try rotating it by 90° and then think again. The following two examples ilustrate this possibilty Bey Horo tne two base planes are porcehed 10 be Hor the two ba59 planes are perceived as vertical horzomal ard vericsl making a eer and aback wal. meng @ square comer. Mechanism 2 Floating layers In this mechanism layers float above and are parallel to the base whicH is opened out flat. y A working model to make Mechanism 2 Floating layers 4s 2 waNWosn Floating Layers 2 Mechanise Mechanism 2 Floating layers Technical considerations ‘This mechanism is similar to mechanism 1 in that there can be multiple layers which are parallel to the base planes. However it is different in that it is intended to be opened until the Dace is flat. Tho working model shows how the main floating layer is used to support @ secondary layer which can be altached to inerease the apparent ‘depin PL = Notice Now the main tloating layer Observe the way in which two pieces Thle viw from tho sido shows how heeds three verticals, one at eden may De Joined by epposing cute This the Mocha roves out only by the biter edge and Irena vertical ‘yes an intresting vanaton vertical hela a6 the card closes the contre fod. A hres must bo Jom by faps and glue and in This mates posse 0 mode tne same neigh Certain cleuisiancss places Tess ute large Hating layers ‘sass onthe mecnaniam IF the base plane is perceived to be vertical, then the layers float in front of it. If the base plane is perceived io be horizontal, then they float above it. These two examples indicate how this may be used to create appropriate scenes. ee Hore the vertical nature of New York demands & Here the horizontal base ser%99 1 emphasise tho ‘erica treatment resting buttery. Mechanism 3 V-fold. This mechanism is one of the ‘commonest and most useful. The model shows two variations on the \éfold principle and how to strengthen a join by passing a flap through a slot. The model also shows how the strength of the Vlold mechanism can be used to pull up further horizontal and vertical layers. | A working model to make Mechanism 3 V-fold PIed-A *t WURDEN, op Mechanism 3 , 5 ; Technical considerations V-fold. Thera Vd omen om te ge hm SRLS ge ae nea femmes ros Lace tebe cls Rca en ops an be cid Seats ede ane oe SSpemeracs fran atm “Taal sae ate Sar as on ae AY Wen the angles at the fo are ant anges. he pece sande tp vertcaly ‘piss foward an is back ean b-ssen win the card reat cloeod. {a should be near the top of he card When the anges ate less than "ight angle Te ploce slopes tonvara or backwards depending fn the ortontation ofthe \Whon the tape on the basa make y fan inertea ¥ the standup place fold tard and i base Cu hover ean nen the angles are grastar than ‘Tho A shaulc be nesr tne not aight angle the pies slopes in oF tno eae tho other ection. Experiment! ‘The mechanism is adaptable in many different ways. ‘You can use 1 create surprise. You can create realistic toe Papar near the centre ine can be Is an adkantage tr it old Simentional scenes msde up Fomonod Wo create arches say forward on closing to. fram several lay. Intha Gael Sborwaye.ar peep oles ar in the finance the surprise fect when teem better forthe scone to Be ase an maginalve rainbow Wis opened agal athe ort and 11d ay Backwards, Mechanism 4 Magic box ‘The effect of this mechanism is 10 make a rectangular box of pleasing rigidity. It js set squarely on the base with’ two sides parallel to the cenite line. ‘The box shape can be easily adapted to form basic designs that are truly three-dimensional, A working model to make. Mechanism 4 Magic box [ETED MECHANISM NO. 4. HERE 4° CELT eNOO KAA @MOL 3MID > ENVIR Mage Box 4 Mechaniern Mechanism 4 Magic box Technical considerations This mechanism is a good example of how a small change in the way of looking at @ Principle can produce something which appears very different, It sa simple adapiation of mechanism 2 and could well be described as * floating layers with sides ‘The erect ofthe corsa suonort is to push the roo! fat Wineut the mechanism val i work, bu the ra Nowor Becames aul fat nor The same idea can be used ate the sides puled in for othor symmetrical bore, nivel, This doa makas a fine bithday card. Note how the “The basis of tis cottage is ne anaes pass rough sloss inthe rock ard hus feman wth he siden extended and a tot added But do Not hight They canmo! be lusda the eats iteet! Uniars connect na rot fo the conral supoort ‘A mage box set skew on the base is also possible. It is The "oo then has to be made eut of two ples. The thon an adaption of the Vola mechanism The tw” flesfigect tre right anglee comers, 4gjacem sides nich are xed the base aie Gach Sol ats" the coral ‘he ther wo Hatt Mechanism 5 Moving arm This is a favourite mechanism which can havea dramatic effect when a Gard or book is opened. It is one of the few mechanisms which has a large movement that is activated simply by opening and closing the Card, The model shows two possible \atiations. The mechanism wich provides the force and movement for the central arm is obtained from the base itselt by a simple V-shaped cut This cut in itself can be very useful {for making ‘mouths’ which open and close. A working model to make Mechanism 5 Moving arm yo 5. HERES, GLUE COMPLETED MECHANISM NO. caisianco NaH aM OL AMOS RBINWHOSN Moving Arm Mechanism 5 Technical considerations Moving arm Different as they may seem on frst impression the two mechanisms seen here are really both developments of the V-fold, transformed into parts of a pop-up pyramid. The square based pop-up pyramid is a useful idea in itself and the motive power for the arms comes from the fact that the faces of a pyramid fold away in different ways. Once you have made and understood how a pop-up pyramid moves, you will be able more easily to make moving arms to meet the requirements of your design. The square basod pyramid nas Draw the net of the pytamia ‘one ots diagonals aiong the Inelde a ctele. Mark of equal ‘contra tne. It 18 alved along lengths along the cirourntr: ‘ther the front wo edges oe ‘once. The actual longths are the back 1m edgen The Fo! important ae long ae # there float free, Ona Way you Took pleasing and fit within ‘an soe inside the pyramid as the base when I is closed. ‘Reloses, the other wy You ccannet. Wren using the pyramid concept Instead of making a soparate hal’ Here the half pyramid is indented 28s the motive power for moving pyramiait can be cut out of me Into floating layer to, gle motion fms, only tne two faces whieh Base by a Vshaped cut This to an arm near the edge of the are glued to the base are noedad, fives mation to an arm near the base. ‘ne Oiners can be omited ‘enire of the base, ‘Tne mechanism used here is ‘The surprise fgctor can be ~ Here the imoled door adas a In harmony withthe overall jenhanced by hiding the certan impact to the (concept and design mmacharism behind an extra massage! plane. Mechanism 6 Rotating disc All this mpechanism does is to allow a dise 16 rotate about a central pivot ‘The imaginative possibilities come from the choice of the design on the disc and the shape of the holes through which you see it. The disc has two sides and both can be used to good effect. | A working model to make Mechanism 6 Rotating disc a chart ism 6 Rotating disc ‘The essential feature of this mechanism is the design of the central paper pivot, so that the dise turns smoothly. ‘To make a phot first raw two concentric Mark out sx ses the these. Then cut along the tcl. One should have is radius the thicker ines and fold upwards 1 make the po Same es that ofthe hole atthe centre of {he volatng disc. The other radius should be twice at mach. Say TOnm and 20m In the working model the underside ofthe pivot ‘was glued i the base and the upperside a he rewar cover. NO more Is needed for he ‘mochanism to rotate satistactony However there are atacive design possbtios ‘once I's roloed thatthe mechanism ean perlecty wel be vowed rom he Back ae wed ti "wo sided mechanism. ‘Tne 'stration an tho ight shows how a simple rawing and caption modiy the working ede 1 ‘suggest a fairground invitation. 's, ne rotation is never precisely centred as it can be with discs made of plastic or mata old signs where the lack of precision fs not important Flickering fare eftect These two designs show simple applications of this mechanism, Mechanism 7 Sliding motion sis the first of the pull-tab ideas. ‘The effect is to generate a straight line motion in the direction of the pull. ‘The creative possibilities for amusernent arise from using this motion to make appropriate images and messages appear and disappear. A working model to make Mechanism 7 Sliding motion 2 dbo MECHANISM 7. LUE TO TAB WHEN COMPLETED > echanism 7 Sliding motion Technical considerations The principle of this mechanism is a simple one, but it still needs care if it is to move smoothly and to be robust enough to stand up to repeated use. The pull-tab needs to be strongly made and not pull out too far. If the length of travel is too great, the pull tab will bend as it is pushed back. Avoid the slightest trace of surplus glue on the sliding parts or it will tend to jam. : —, SS For easy movement, the parallel tracks should be slots The pull-tab is best held by a simple slit. It prevents side to about 1mm wide, not slits. Each slot should be cut with a side motion and a single cut gives a tighter grip. knife, not scissors. It looks best if the slots are hidden under the cover. Cut out a semi-circular thumb hole in the base, so that the pull-tab may be gripped more easily There are three basic design possibilities for this mechanism. [GP [Eb An object which was hidden comes An object which was visible An object appears, passes across a into view. disappears behind a flap. ‘window’ and then disappears. This cheerful greetings card has its subject, design and It is not essential that the moving mechanism, all in harmony. part is totally hidden before the tab is pulled. Here the pair of boots is visible, but it is not obvious what they are. Such an ambiguity helps to enhance the visual joke. Qn Mechanism 8 Pull-up Planes the effect of pulling the pullab is to ‘cause some planes 10 rise up from the base in a rather surprising fashion. The working model demon: strates how to achieve this result and there are also suggestions how the mechanism can be further simplified. A working model to make. Mechanism 8 Pull-up Planes Mechanism 8 Pullup Planes wail Mechanism 8 Pull-up Planes Technical considerations At first sight the pull on the pulltab appears to be in the plane of the base as it wes for the previous mechanism. However, a closer inspection shows that this is not the case. The mechanism uses leverage to convert a small movement of the pulltab into a much larger movement in a different direction. A sketch of the side view shows how this happens and how it may be modified to produce different effects. £ =) {ns simplest form te pull causes “ip oer ere, Lt ‘A smal pul and the Easter 299 springs pon to revel @ ‘choca chick ana'a ‘Mapoy Eactor' message, vy 3 a ‘completing the parltagram produces a plane which pulls tp Tem tho base ‘Gina planes arranged in simiatfasion give this a Hore pullup plana ie used a the base fora cutout bat tb gue # aramatc eect. Is list one posibe dea for an famsing Halowwon card “The postion were tha mechani ie under the greatest Sita is wise It pastes thvough the base plane. ts ‘wise srenginen tris plece Dy doubling te thickness. ‘To allow ho planes to rise up a certain distance and than {3op fis best Mt 2 “ug the pul-ab. ts posiion Is Sotorinec by tho oot you wih o obtain {Gh ne working moaal, the movement sops when tne feral panes are at thelr manmum etwstion Tem the Base. without cuch ‘lop tho mechanic wil fp Fight ower Ths may be aatstarory. But thor i ‘ways tho post Tat it wl jam the Tar dow poste. Mechanism 9 Pivoting motion 1 This mechanism converts the straight line motion of a pull-tab into fa backwards and forwards swinging motion. It also demonstrates two simple kinds of pivot and a method of obtaining a straight line motion with a short distance of travel 40. A working model to make Mechanism 9 Pivoting motion eo cALTUNoo NaH GM OL IM 6 REINVHOSH 2 lechanism 9 jivoting motion Technical considerations There are two different methods of obtaining this backwards and forwards rocking or ‘swinging motion. Each requires a pivot and a suitable connection. Its the relative position ‘of the pivot and the pull-tab which determines the precise characteristics of the motion. capt |b af Pols IF the pot arm Is attached fo the pit above the pet, Ifthe pwot arm Is attached to the pulltab below the phot, thon move inte same deci 0 he pb, then mais hy the oppose aoc he Pub and fd a greater dita 2'smallorasance, CTT Barts erage ne — ‘per suflont ext. ‘This mechanism wil only operate smoothiy over a ‘Th slots inthe pula wich act as @ connection te tho telatvaly shot length of travel. The working rode ‘ot arme must not be 60 gh

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