5 Steps To Implement ISO 17025 Decision Rule - How To Apply The Decision Rule in A Calibration Results - Calibration Awareness

20/3/2021 5 Steps to Implement ISO 17025 Decision Rule - How to Apply the Decision Rule in a Calibration Results | Calibration
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5 Steps to Implement ISO 17025 Decision

Rule – How to Apply the Decision Rule in a
Calibration Results x
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You received a pressure gauge calibration certificate with the following results:
You are asked to interpret these results to determine if the results of the calibration have passed or failed by accounting the x
measurement uncertainty in the measurement results before deciding.
How do you decide? What decision rule can you follow to determine conformity if it is passed or failed?
In other terms, is it complying with the specifications? This is a question most users need to answer clearly
During the reporting of results, if you put a remark in a calibration report like pass, fail, ok, not-ok, in-tolerance, out-of-tolerance, you
are already providing a decision for conformity.
When providing a decision, you need a rule as a guide that will help you to come up with that decision. And this rule is what we call
the “Decision Rule”.
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Most of us are defaulted to the rule that when the measurement result is within the tolerance limit provided, then it is passed, else, it
is failed. While this is not wrong, this is not enough. There are other details that we need to consider that I will present it here.
There are so many guides out there but I will present here what I understand and believe to be simple to those starting out to
understand this topic. Once you have understood this part, you can now begin to expand more by using other references with more
advanced technique.
I only choose the most basic parts in the reference guides that I listed in the last part of this article.
In this post, I will present the following topics:
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1. Understanding the decision Rule

2. 5 Steps to Implement an ISO 17025 Decision Rule for Conformity Assessment in Calibration (with Flow chart)
3. 3 Types of Decision Rules: The Basis for the Statement of Conformity
4. The Requirements of Decision Rule in The User Side- Why do you need to Implement Decision Rule?
5. ISO 17025 Decision Rule Requirements
1. When to apply the Decision Rule
2. When not to apply the Decision Rule
6. References
7. Conclusion
x
This topic of decision rule will be focused more on the user side. There is no use of the decision rule if the main owner or user does
not understand its importance.
I have presented this topic where mathematics and statistics are limited to make it simple (and honestly I am not a mathematician). x
My objective is to present a decision rule that is simple enough to understand that will become your starting point for implementation.
.
Understanding The Decision Rule

What is a Decision Rule?
Before we can decide if the measurement result of our instrument has passed or failed, we need to choose what decision rule we can
use.
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The meaning of decision rule is defined by ISO 17025:2017, under clause 3.7, it states that: >>> rule that describes how
measurement uncertainty is accounted for when stating conformity with a specified requirement
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decision rule definition from ISO 17025:2017 Standards
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Decision Rule is a statement of rules describing how you will use the Measurement Uncertainty (MU) in relation to the measurement
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a pass moredecision.
or failed information Accept
It is the same with an instruction, telling you what to do in order to decide if an instrument has passed or failed based on a criteria.
Decision rule will answer the question “How did you use the Measurement Uncertainty to determine if the instrument has passed or
failed based on your tolerance?
There are 3 ways in which the MU is used (accounted for) in order to come up with a decision rule. Actually there are more ways to
account MU but I will share with you the simplest for us to understand the basics and its principles.
The objective of having a decision rule is to detail the rules to follow on how we determine a pass or failed results of our Instruments
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based on a specified requirement, like the manufacturer specifications.
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A pass or failed decision is the end result of conformity assessment. Conformity assessment as per ISO guide 98-4 means, “activity
to determine whether specified requirements relating to a product, process, system, person or body are fulfilled”.
In our case, it is a verification if it complies with standards or specifications – examples are the manufacturer specifications,
regulations, standards, or customer process requirements.
Therefore, by having a Decision Rule, conformity assessment in calibration or testing results will be easily fulfilled. x
There are
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are no single rule that can cover all the needs of every user, therefore, these methods that we read and other
reference documents are all guidelines and recommendations. In the end, still, you, as the user has the right
to choose what is applicable for you.
Shares 5 Steps to Implement an ISO 17025 Decision Rule for

Conformity Assessment in Calibration
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Decision Rule Process Flow Chart
1. Define Specifications from the Calibration Results

2. Account for the measurement uncertainty
3. Identify the Zone for acceptance and Rejection
4. State the Decision Rule x
5. Use the decision Rule – Decide for conformity
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Step 1: Define the Specifications – Interpret the Calibration Results

In this initial step, there are 3 basic requirements which are needed in order to come up with a decision for compliance. These data
are based on our calibration results..
Calibration results consists of the following 3 basic requirements:
a. Measured Value (MV)
b. Tolerance Limit (TL)
c. Measurement Uncertainty (MU)
Measured value is simply the output reading of the instrument involved (the UUC).
The tolerance limit is the permissible error from our process tolerance or from the manufacturer specifications. Another term is MPE
(Maximum Permissible Error).
The question now is, where can I find the decision rule MU? Do I need to calculate this?
The good news is the Measurement Uncertainty for decision rule calculation is already given in the certificate, just copy it directly. I
am referring to this Implementation where a calibration certificate is already available.Calculation of MU is not necessary because it is x
already given. But if not, then you need to calculate the measurement uncertainty.
Below is a sample from a calibration certificate that shows the measurement results with the Measurement Uncertainty.
x
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Measurement Results from a calibration certificate where measurement uncertainty is already available
Step 2: Account for the Measurement Uncertainty.

Calculating The Results for a Decision Rule: How is Measurement Uncertainty (MU) Accounted for?
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Decision Rule content is the combination of Measurement Results and Measurement Uncertainty (MU). Therefore, a calculation is
needed.
But why do we need to account for the measurement uncertainty when determining compliance with specifications?
Since no measurement is exact, we need to know not just the measured value but the true value or range of true values. This is x
because when MU is combined with the measured value, what we have now will be the range of true value (or just true value). See
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In these steps, we will Use the measurement results (as given in 1) to calculate the Results for a Decision Rule. We will integrate the
MU in our measurement results (measured value and tolerance value).
I will show you how to account for the MU and to provide a decision rule as per ISO 17025:2017 by a simple calculation. The
Decision Rule calculation procedure
Below are 3 methods on how you can directly account for MU.
1. Method A: The True Value (or a range of true value)

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2. Method B: Guard banding .
3. Method C: Combination of Method A and B
Method A: The True Value – Complete Statement of Result
The result of adding and subtracting the Measurement Uncertainty in the Measured Value is a term called the ‘True Value’ also
defined as “Complete Statement of Result”’ as per NPL GPG 79.
It is a complete statement of results because what you have is the range of location of the true value, compared to MV where only a
single location of the UUC output reading is known. Once you have determined the True Value (or range of true value), your
confidence will become higher, more so if you observed that it is within the tolerance limit.
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The difference Between Measured Value and the True Value For Accounting Measurement Uncertainty
How to calculate for Method A:
Method A = MV+/- expanded measurement uncertainty (MU)
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Method B: Guard banding
The main objective of this method is to reduce the ‘Tolerance limit’ to a new limit called the ‘Acceptance Limit’ using a guard band in
order to determine the acceptance interval or acceptance zone.
Let us first define a guard band: as per ILAC G8. “it is a safety factor built into the measurement decision process by reducing the
acceptance limit below the tolerance limit”
The purpose is to reduce the risk of making an incorrect conformance decision or passing (accepting) a non-conforming item.
How To calculate Method B
For the simplicity of this article, the Guard band is equal to Measurement Uncertainty (MU) (Guard band = MU). (Note that the
formula of guard band that I presented here is not fixed, depending on the required risk, the guard band will change. But this is in
more advanced analysis and use so we will just focus on the most basic).
For actual calculation, below are the steps:
1. Record the MU;
2. Determine the Guard band(w) x
x
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where: Guard band (w) = MU

Guard band (w) =TL-AL
2. Determine the Acceptance Limit basing it on the chart below (Upper and Lower Acceptance Limit)
UAL = UTL – w
LAL = LTL + w
3. Determine the Acceptance Zone or Acceptance Interval
Acceptance Zone = UAL – LAL
Once the guard band and the Upper and Lower Acceptance Limit is in place, we have now the acceptance interval or acceptance
zone.
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Calculating the Guard band and Acceptance Limit to Determine Acceptance Zone
Method C: Combination of Method A and B
This method is simple once you have completed Method A and B. Just combine the results of Method A and B. Both methods are
used in one chart creating another way to account for a measurement uncertainty.
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By choosing how to account for measurement uncertainty will lead us with the types of a Decision Rule to be used.
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Step 3: Identify the Rejection and Acceptance Zone
After a successful determination of acceptance limits, label the Rejection and Acceptance Zone to easily identify conformity.
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Acceptance and Rejection Zone for a Decision Rule

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Step 4: State the Decision Rule
Now that the criteria for determining a pass or fail decision is clear, it is time to Implement and declare our decision rule statement. x
ABystatement of the rule you just implement from number 2 and 3 above to
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determine the Pass and Fail results. It is describing how you
Accept
come up with a pass or fail decision.
The decision rule statement is as follows:
Pass - if MV +/-MU is within the Acceptance Zone and MV does not exceed the Acceptance Limit
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Fail - if measured value is outside the Acceptance Limit or within the Rejection Zone
The statement above is what we will include in our calibration report
(See this type of Decision Rule under “3 types of Decision Rules” below).
Step 5: Decide for Conformance- Use the Decision Rule
Choose Decision Below: x

1. Passed or Failed
2. In-Tolerance or Out-of-Tolerance
3. OK or Not OK
Shares 3 Types of Decision Rules: The Basis for the Statement of

Conformity
There are many types of decision rules that can be applied depending on the need and understanding of the user. But for simplicity, I
will only present 3 types which are the most used and recommended Decision Rule.
1. Binary Decision Rule Simple Acceptance
2. Non-Binary Decision Rule
3. Guarded Decision Rule
1. Binary Decision Rule – Simple Acceptance
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Simple Acceptance – Binary Decision Rule
Simple Acceptance Rule – the basic decision rule where acceptance is made when measurement results are within the Tolerance
Interval.
It is a binary means there are only 2 choices:
1. Pass – Measured value is within the tolerance limit

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2. Fail – measured value is outside the tolerance limit
This method of accounting measurement uncertainty is the simplest. As long as we calculated the TUR to be equal or greater than to
4:1 (as per agreement). then we are all set. (reference from ASME B89.73.1)
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To calculate TUR:
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2 ways to calculate the TUR for a Decision Rule calculation as basis for accounting measurement uncertainty
2. Non-Binary Decision Rule

What if one part of the range of true value is outside the tolerance limit?
There are cases where the measured value +/- uncertainties were found out of tolerance on either the high side or low side. See the
below photo.
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This will result to a decision rule known as Non-Binary because you have more than 2 choices as follows: (note: the meaning of ‘True
Value’ is explained under method A above)
1. Pass – if the True value is within the Tolerance Limit (TL)
2. Fail- if the True value has exceeded the Tolerance Limit (TL) x
3. Indeterminate – final result is not sure therefore no decision is made for the user. This will result in additional choices namely:
1. Conditional Pass – part of the true value (or MU) has exceeded the TL while the measured value is inside the TL.
2. Conditional Fail – the true value (or MU) including the MV has exceeded the TL but part of the True value remains inside the
TL.
Indeterminate results mean we are not sure. It is conditional. The decision is now based on the user’s knowledge and experience
regarding the instrument. This scenario will lead us to a probability in rejecting good instruments or accepting bad ones. How to
address this ‘no-decision’ scenario in a decision rule?
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example of non-binary decision rule
The problem regarding the Indeterminate decision will now be solved by the guard band. See the 3rd Type of Decision Rule below x
3. Guarded Decision Rule
This decision Rule is also known as Binary Decision Rule with Guard band
1. Pass – if MV +/-MU is within the Acceptance Zone and MV does not exceed the Acceptance Limit
2. Fail – if the measured value is outside the Acceptance Limit
We will use this method if one of the true range values is outside or crossed the outside the tolerance limit. In Method A above, an
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indeterminate decision will result if this happened, and we do not want indeterminate results, the PASS and FAIL decision should be
clear for us.
Therefore, as a solution, we will put a guard band. In which a new limit will be created know as Acceptance Limit (AL).
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Binary Decision Rule with Guard band
Any results that are within the Acceptance Limit (AL) will be accepted.
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The Requirements of Decision Rule in the User Side-
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Importance of Implementing the Decision Rule
One of the basic things to do once we receive a calibration report is to review it. Reviewing calibration results is a necessary activity.
Interpretation of results for verification is the next move once we receive a calibration report.
In this part, my main purpose is to show the users how important it is to understand the use of a decision rule that will result to a
proper decision to determine compliance with specifications.
The following are some of the benefits of having a documented Decision Rule:
1. The decision rule will guide us regarding the rule to follow or use in order to execute the decision process for conformity
assessment, to come up with a pass or failed decision easily and objectively.
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2. It is one way to appreciate the importance of a measurement uncertainty reflected in a calibration certificate. You will observe the
impact of having high uncertainty results.
3. In connection to number 2, you will also appreciate the importance of observing and maintaining the use of TUR (Test Uncertainty
Ratio) during calibration.
4. You will be aware of what tolerance to consider and adjust it appropriately in the process.
5. You will be more aware about the performance of your measuring instrument. Most labs do not interpret the calibration certificate
unless it is requested by the user. So the responsibility for review and interpretation lies with the UUC owner.
6. By providing a specific decision rule will be good evidence or supplement of compliance with clause 7.1.5.1 of ISO 9001,
Monitoring and Measuring Resources
1. You can determine suitability of Measuring and monitoring Instruments
2. Ensuring the instrument’s ‘fitness for their purpose’
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Using a Decision Rule that supports the requirements from under Monitoring and Measuring resources of ISO 9001:2015.
But how do we use the decision rule to interpret the calibration results? You can implement the decision rule by following the 5 steps
above.
ISO 17025 Decision Rule Requirements

The first part is the user side, now we will focus on the calibration laboratory side.
With this new version of the ISO 17025 standards, Decision Rule Implementation is mentioned or implied to be implemented in
various activities such as in contract review, reporting of results, interpretation of results, verification process, and conformity
assessment.
When to Implement or Apply the Decision Rule? x

Whenever we hear or read the term conformity assessment or statement of conformity, it is referring to the decision rule to determine
conformance with specifications – the pass or fail decision.
The following are some of the related activities (with clauses) that prompt us when to implement the decision rule as per ISO 17025. x
1. When it is required by a customer as part of the contract review as per
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clause 7.1.3.
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– The initiation of a decision rule implementation starts when a customer requests it. Therefore, it is our job to ensure that we get
the request of the customer regarding their tolerance and the decision they want to use, on the other hand, it should be clear for us
(and the customer) that the customer has NOT required it.
2. When the uncertainty of measurements has an effect on the validity of the measurement results (clause 7.8.3.1c) – This is the
main requirement of a decision rule, accounting for the measurement uncertianty to determine the validity of measurement results.
An example of this is the 4:1 TUR Decision Rule and Guarded Acceptance decision rule.
3. During the interpretation of results to determine compliance with specifications (Clause 7.8.3.1b) – a decision rule that will be
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displayed in the calibration report based on interpretations of the lab.
4. The calibration certificate shall include where relevant, a statement of conformity with requirements, or specifications (Clause
7.8.4.1e).
5. During the reporting of Statements of conformity (Clause 7.8.6.2) – it should be clear what decision rule is used during the
interpretation of results for conformity assessment.
And in connection with this, any person that is assigned to assess a statement of conformity should be authorized as per clause
6.2.6.
When Not to Apply ISO 17025 Decision Rule ?
1. If there is a standard guide or method that we follow, usually prescribed by regulatory bodies like ASTM standards and
government-provided acceptance criteria, there is no need to implement the decision rule prescribed by ISO 17025.
2. When a customer requires a conformity assessment without accounting the Measurement Uncertainty (MU).
3. When MU is negligible that it is not needed to be included in the Decision Rule – this happens when you have very accurate
instruments. But in reality, this is difficult or very expensive to attain.
4. When the TUR is greater than 4:1 (the no 1. Type above- simple acceptance). Actually this is an indirect type of decision rule. But if
you agree with this type of decision rule, you do not need to think of accounting the measurement uncertainty as long as you
maintain the 4:1 requirement, just directly use the simple acceptance type of decision rule.
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Examples of Decision Rule from a Calibration Certificate
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example of a decision rule from a calibration certificate- taken from isobudgets.com
You may check more examples and presentations in this link >> https://www.isobudgets.com/statements-of-conformity-and-decision-
rules/
References for Decision Rule Implementation

1. ILAC_G8_09_2019_Guidelines on decision rules and statements of conformity
2. JCGM_106_2012_E role of Conformity Assessment
3. ASME B89.7.3.1-2001 Guidelines For Decision Rules
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Conclusion
Decision Rule is a statement of rules explaining how measurement uncertainty is used when performing conformity assessment.
Conformity Assessment is an activity to determine conformance to specifications using the decision rule. This is where we determine x
a pass of fail decision.
Decision rule requirements are mostly applicable to the customer since they are the ones who need to determine conformance to their
instruments.
But in order for them to understand, the lab should make the effort to educate and help them decide what decision rule is best for
them. This as a result will help the lab how to properly implement it.
Since it is a requirement during conformity assessment, we cannot avoid it but more so, we need to understand it.
In this post, I have presented the following:

Shares 1. Understanding the decision Rule
2. 5 Steps to Implement an ISO 17025 Decision Rule for Conformity Assessment in Calibration (with Flow chart)
3. 3 Types of Decision Rules: The Basis for the Statement of Conformity
4. The Requirements of Decision Rule in The User Side- Why do you need to Implement Decision Rule?
5. ISO 17025 Decision Rule Requirements
1. When to apply the Decision Rule
2. When not to apply the Decision Rule
6. References
I hope this article is a big help to easily understand this topic.
Thank you for reading my article.
Please comment and subscribe!
Connect with me on my Facebook page.
Best Regards,
Edwin
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14 Responses
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Fensor SAS | Reply
Thank you so much. This Blog is so thoughtful.
edsponce | Reply
You are welcome, thanks for visiting my site.
x
Arturo Difuntorum | Reply
Comprehensive and well explained. Someday if you choose to become a Lecturer I will send my son to you. Thanks a lot.
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edsponce | Reply
Hi Arturo,
You’re welcome. Thanks for such a heart warming complement. I would be happy to be your son’s lecturer, Cheers!
Edwin
Ghassan | Reply
x
Thanks for your efforts, it is very important subject to accredited laboratories according ISO 17025:2017
x
edsponce | Reply
You are welcome,
Yes, I agree much with you, this will also help the labs to educate ordinary users of calibrated instruments.
Shares Thanks for reading my post.
Edwin
Lheo | Reply
Hi Edwin,
This topic is very interesting and your blog is very informative and helpful. Hope you will continue to post new blogs.
Got some queries:
1. Kindly refer to the photo titled ‘Guard Band (w) Calculation’ – Calculating the Guard Band and Acceptance Limit to Determine
Acceptance Zone.
1.1 Why the number ‘24.85’ was indicated between ‘25.00’ and ‘24.9’ and not ‘24.95’?
x
1.2 Is the number ‘24.85’ has significant with the LAL (24.89)?
1.3 Is it right that the ‘Acceptance Limit Interval’ is from ‘24.91’ to ‘25.09’ since the MU is ‘0.01’?
2. Regarding the ‘Simple Acceptance Rule’, what is the rationale behind when the TUR is greater than 4:1, there’s no need to account x
the uncertainty in this decision rule?
Thanks and stay safe!
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edsponce | Reply
Hi Leo,
You are welcome. Thank you for reading my posts.
FOr your queries, below are my answers:

-For No.1: You are correct, nice catch Sir! 24.85 should be 24.95, where the acceptance interval is 24.91 to 25.09. I already
corrected it, thanks for asking and showing me the corrections.
-for No.2: Actually, the uncertainty is already accounted for during the calculation of the TUR that is why it is considered as one
option for a decision rule. TUR = Tolerance limit/expanded uncertainty
The rationale behind its use is that a TUR of 4:1 means that the maximum error that you can encounter once the MV is exactly in
the limit is 25% of your tolerance limit (assuming this is agreed or accepted by the user). The maximum error you can have is the
size of the Measurement Uncertainty which is 1/4 of the tolerance limit.
To explain further, this means that the reference standard used has an allowable error to be ¼ of the tolerance of the UUC.
Therefore, any drift (or error) encountered by the reference standard will not affect the Measured Value because of the 4 times
allowance provided.
Also, if you have a TUR greater than 4:1, we will have a wider interval for the MV (measured value) to be in-tolerance, you have
more room to for the MV to stay within the tolerable range.
x
As the TUR is increasing, the accuracy of the instrument is also increasing which means that the error or uncertainty contributions
are becoming negligible or acceptable.
I hope this helps, I appreciate your time reading and commenting.
Edwin x
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ivs canada | Reply
This is a good and informative blog about calibration and its results. To know more about please visit our website-https://ivscanada.ca/
edsponce | Reply
Thanks
GAUTAM PAL | Reply
Informative blog x
edsponce | Reply
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Thank you Sir.
Valmik Patel | Reply
I sincerely thank you for your knowledge. The blog really increased my curiosity.
x
edsponce | Reply
Hi Valmik,
You are welcome. Thank you again for reading my posts.
Best regards, x
Edwin
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20/3/2021 5 Steps to Implement ISO 17025 Decision Rule - How to Apply the Decision Rule in a Calibration Results | Calibration

in a Calibration Results | Calibration Awareness

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5 Steps to Implement ISO 17025 Decision

by EDSPONCE with 14 COMMENTS

In this post, I will present the following topics:

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1. Understanding the decision Rule

Understanding The Decision Rule

Maestría con título europeo

Shares 5 Steps to Implement an ISO 17025 Decision Rule for

Decision Rule Process Flow Chart

1. Define Specifications from the Calibration Results

Step 1: Define the Specifications – Interpret the Calibration Results

Calibration results consists of the following 3 basic requirements:

a. Measured Value (MV)

b. Tolerance Limit (TL)

c. Measurement Uncertainty (MU)

Step 2: Account for the Measurement Uncertainty.

1. Method A: The True Value (or a range of true value)

Method A: The True Value – Complete Statement of Result

How to calculate for Method A:

Method A = MV+/- expanded measurement uncertainty (MU)

Method B: Guard banding

How To calculate Method B

For actual calculation, below are the steps:

1. Record the MU;

2. Determine the Guard band(w) x

where: Guard band (w) = MU

3. Determine the Acceptance Zone or Acceptance Interval

Acceptance Zone = UAL – LAL

Method C: Combination of Method A and B

Acceptance and Rejection Zone for a Decision Rule

Step 4: State the Decision Rule

The decision rule statement is as follows:

The statement above is what we will include in our calibration report

Step 5: Decide for Conformance- Use the Decision Rule

Choose Decision Below: x

Shares 3 Types of Decision Rules: The Basis for the Statement of

1. Binary Decision Rule Simple Acceptance

2. Non-Binary Decision Rule

3. Guarded Decision Rule

1. Binary Decision Rule – Simple Acceptance

Simple Acceptance – Binary Decision Rule

It is a binary means there are only 2 choices:

1. Pass – Measured value is within the tolerance limit

2. Non-Binary Decision Rule

1. Pass – if the True value is within the Tolerance Limit (TL)

example of non-binary decision rule

Binary Decision Rule with Guard band

ISO 17025 Decision Rule Requirements

When to Implement or Apply the Decision Rule? x

When Not to Apply ISO 17025 Decision Rule ?

example of a decision rule from a calibration certificate- taken from isobudgets.com

References for Decision Rule Implementation

In this post, I have presented the following:

I hope this article is a big help to easily understand this topic.

Thank you for reading my article.

Please comment and subscribe!

Connect with me on my Facebook page.

Previous Post Next Post

Fensor SAS | Reply

Thank you so much. This Blog is so thoughtful.