SIMULATION LAB
CAM
INTRODUCTIONTOCOMPUTER CONTROLS IN NC
CNC (COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL)
CNC involves the replacement of conventional hardwired controller unit by a small
dedicated stored program computer. The small computer is used to perform some
or all of the basic NC functions by programs stored in its read/write memory.
DND (DIRECT NUMERICAL CONTROL)
DNC involves the use of a larger computer to control a number of NC machine
tools through direct connection and in real time
AC (ADAPTIVE CONTROL)
AC MACHINING DENOTES A CONTROL SYSTEM THAT MEASURES ONE
OR MORE PROCESS VARIABLES ( CUTTING FORCE, TEMPERATURES,
HORSE POWER ETC. ) and manipulates feed/ speed in order to compensate for
undesirable changes in the process variables.
NC PART PROGRAMMING:
It is the procedure by which the sequence of processing steps to be performed on
the NC machine tool is planned and documented
There are two methods of part programming
1. Manual part programming
2. 2. Computer assisted part programming.
NC WORDS:
1. SEQUENCE NUMBER WORD (N-WORD): This is used to identify the
block.
2. PREPARATORY WORD ( G- WORD) : It prepares MCU for instructions
that are to follow
3. COORDINATES (X, Y, Z): These give the coordinate positions of the tool.
4. FEED RATE (F- WORD): Specifies feed in the machining operation.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
5. CUTING SPEED (S- WORD): Specifies cutting speed of the process. The
rate at which the spindle rotates.
6. TOOL SELECTION ( T- WORD) : This word is used only for machines with a tool
turret or ATC ( Automatic Tool Changer)
7. MISCELLANEOUS WORD (M- WORD): the word is used to specify certain
miscellaneous or auxiliary functions, which may be available on machine tool.
Common G-words
G00 Rapid traverse of tool
G01 linear interpolation with feed rate
G02 Circular interpolation with feed rate in clockwise.
G03 Circular interpolation with feed rate in counterclockwise.
G20 Input values specified in inches.
G21 Input values specified in millimeters.
G28 Return to reference point.
G40 Cancel radius compensation cancels
G41 Cutter radius compensation left
G42 Cutter radius compensation right
G70 Finishing cycle
G71 Multiple turning cycle
G72 Multiple facing cycle
G73 Pattern repeating cycle
G74 Drilling cycle
G75 Grooving cycle
G76 threading cycle
G90 Turning cycle
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
G94 Facing cycle
G98 Fed/min
G99 Feed/ revolution
COMMON MISCELLANEOUS WORDS:
M03 spindle clockwise
M04 Spindle counterclockwise
M05 Spindle stop
M06 Tool change
M08 Coolant on
M09 Coolant off
M30 program stop and tape rewind
METAL CUTTING PARAMETERS FOR XLTURN LATHE:
BILLET MATERIAL: Aluminum
OPERATIONS SPEED(RPM) FEED( mm/min) DEPTH OF CUT
TURNING 1000-1500 45-55 0.5-1.0
GROOVING 600-800 15-25 0.25-1.0
THREADING 300-350 0.03-0.04
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
PROCEDURE FOR SETTING THE MACHINE PARAMETERS:
1. Open the CNC TRAIN software which on the desktop by clicking on the
icon by using mouse
2. Enter the password “MASTER”
3. Go to FILE and open a new CNC program
4. Type the required program and save the program
5. Go to “ job/ tooling” option in the main menu and set the following:
a) Machining settings
b) Billet setting
c) Select tooling
d) Save standard tooling
6. Link the machine by clicking on” machine link” which is in the “ machine
options” in the main menu
7. Set the datum by moving the tool in a jog mode. Set the datum value of X by
touching the billet at the diameter point.
8. Set the datum of z value to zero by clicking on datum and then clicking on Z
coordinate
9. Save the setting
[Link] the machine by clicking on “reset” and then on “auto” and then on “
cycle start”
[Link] emergency button of the machine for avoiding the trouble during the
machining.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
PLANE TURNING AND FACING OPERATIONS
PART PROGRAMME:
RESULT: hence the part program to produce the given part as per the specified
dimensions shown in the figure is written and simulation is checked.
Signature of the faculty
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
PLANE TURNING AND FACING OPERATIONS
EXERCISE: 20 DATE:
AIM: To write the part program for turning and facing operation for given
dimensions as shown in figure and to check the simulation.
MATERIAL: Aluminum (LENGTH=70, DIAMETER=32)
PREPARATORY CODES USED IN THE PROGRAM:
G21------ Input in metric mode
G98------ Feed/minutes
G28------ Return to reference point
G00------ Rapid traverse
G01------ Linear interpolation with specified feed.
DIA 32 DIA 28
48 20
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
STEP TURNING USING TURNING CYCLE
PART PROGRAMME:
RESULT: hence the part program to produce the given part as per the specified
dimensions shown in the figure is written and simulation is checked.
Signature of the faculty
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
STEP TURNING USING TURNING CYCLE
EXERCISE: 21 DATE:
AIM: To write the part program for the given figure by using turning cycle and to
check the simulation.
MATERIAL: Aluminum (LENGTH=70, DIAMETER=32)
PREPARATORY CODES USED IN THE PROGRAM:
G21------ Input in metric mode
G98------ Feed/minute
G28------ Return to reference point
G00------ Rapid traverse
G01------ Linear interpolation with specified feed.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
TAPER TURNING OPERATION
PART PROGRAMME:
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
RESULT: hence the part program to produce the given part as per the specified
dimensions shown in the figure is written and simulation is checked.
Signature of the faculty
TAPER TURNING OPERATION
EXERCISE: 22 DATE:
AIM: To write the part program for turning for given taper as shown in figure and
to check the simulation.
MATERIAL: Aluminum (LENGTH=70, DIAMETER=32)
PREPARATORY CODES USED IN THE PROGRAM:
G21------ Input in metric mode
G98------ Feed/minute
G28------ Return to reference point
G00------ Rapid traverse
G01------ Linear interpolation with specified feed.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE
PART PROGRAMME:
RESULT: Hence the part program to produce the given part as per specified
dimensions shown in the figure is written and simulation is checked.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
Signature of the faculty
MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE
EXERCISE: 23 DATE:
AIM: To write the part program for turning and facing operation for given
dimensions as shown in figure and to check the simulation.
MATERIAL: Aluminum (LENGTH=70, DIAMETER=32)
PREPARATORY CODES USED IN THE PROGRAM:
G21------ Input in metric mode
G98------ Feed/minute
G28------ Return to reference point
G00------ Rapid traverse
G01------ Linear interpolation with specified feed.
G70------ Finishing cycle
G71------ Multiple turning cycle
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
SYNTAX:
G71 U R
G71 P Q U W F
Where in first block,
U = depth of cut
R = retraction
In second block,
P = start point
Q = end point
U = finishing allowance in X – axis
W = finishing allowance in Z – axis
F = feed rate
RESULT: Hence the part program to produce the given part as per specified
dimensions shown in the figure is written and simulation is checked.
Signature of the faculty
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SIMULATION LAB
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING KALLAM HARANADHA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
