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01.1.5 Ism - Ending Sounds - Status Continued (1) .PDF - 1561136184notes
01.1.5 Ism - Ending Sounds - Status Continued (1) .PDF - 1561136184notes
In English we recognize doers and details mainly by the order in which they come in a sentence.
1. The teachers helped the students.
2. The students helped the teachers.
In the first sentence, the teachers are the doer and the students are the detail. In the second
sentence, the students are the doer and the teachers are the detail. In these two sentences, the
meaning changes completely because we changed the order of ‘teachers’ and ‘students.’ But in
Arabic, the order of the doer and detail does not matter. What matters is the sound at the end
of each word. Note the different sounds:
If a word ends in ُ◌ or َ ﻭوْ ﻥن (oona) we know that is the doer and is ﺭرﻓﻊ. If a word ends in َ ْﻳﯾﻦ (eena)
or َ◌ we know that it is the detail and is ﻧﺼﺐ.
This all may sound a bit confusing, so let’s take a look at some examples:
َ َﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺪ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ ﺳُﻮْ ﻥنَ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼ: The teachers helped the students.
1. ﺏب
a. This sentence has three words. Here’s what they mean:
i. َﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺪ: helped ( ﻓﻌﻞ because it’s stuck in the past tense)
ii. َﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ ﺳُﻮْ ﻥن: the teachers
iii. ﺏب َ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼ: the students
b. The word َ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ ﺳُﻮْ ﻥن ends with َ ﻭوْ ﻥن so it is the doer and ﺭرﻓﻊ
c. The word ﺏب َ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼ ends with َ◌ so it is the detail and ﻧﺼﺐ
2. َُﺭرﱢﺳ ْﻴﯿﻦَ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼﺏب
ِ َﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺪ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪ: The students helped the teachers.
a. ََﺭرﱢﺳ ْﻴﯿﻦ
ِ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪ ends with َ ْﻳﯾﻦ so it is the detail and ﻧﺼﺐ
b. ُ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼﺏب ends with ُ◌ so it is the doer and ﺭرﻓﻊ
ِ َﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺪ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼﺏبُ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪ: The students helped the teachers.
3. ََﺭرﱢﺳ ْﻴﯿﻦ
a. ُ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼﺏب ends with ُ◌ so it is the doer and ﺭرﻓﻊ
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b. ََﺭرﱢﺳ ْﻴﯿﻦ ِ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪ ends with َ ْﻳﯾﻦ so it is the detail and ﻧﺼﺐ
4. َﺏب ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ ﺳُﻮْ ﻥنَ َﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺪ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼ: The teachers helped the students.
a. ﺏب َ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼ ends with َ◌ so it is the detail and ﻧﺼﺐ
b. َ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ ﺳُﻮْ ﻥن ends with َ ﻭوْ ﻥن so it is the doer and ﺭرﻓﻊ
5. َُﺭرﱢﺳ ْﻴﯿﻦَ َﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺪ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼﺏب
ِ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪ: The students helped the teachers.
a. ََﺭرﱢﺳ ْﻴﯿﻦ ِ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪ ends with َ ْﻳﯾﻦ so it is the detail and ﻧﺼﺐ
b. ُ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼﺏب ends with ُ◌ so it is the doer and ﺭرﻓﻊ
6. َﺏب َﺳﺎ َﻋ َﺪ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ ﺳُﻮْ ﻥنَ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼ: The teachers helped the students.
a. ﺏب َ ﺍاﻟﻄُ ﱠﻼ ends with َ◌ so it is the detail and ﻧﺼﺐ
b. َ ﺍاﻟ ُﻤﺪَﺭرﱢ ﺳُﻮْ ﻥن ends with َ ﻭوْ ﻥن so it is the doer and ﺭرﻓﻊ
All we need to do is look for the endings of the ’ﺍاﺳﻢs. If we find an ﺍاﺳﻢ that ends in ُ◌ or َ ﻭوْ ﻥن we
know that is the doer and ﺭرﻓﻊ in the sentence. If we find an ﺍاﺳﻢ that ends in َ◌ or َ ْﻳﯾﻦ we know that
it is the detail and ﻧﺼﺐ in the sentence. The order of the words in the sentence makes no
difference in Arabic whatsoever (including the ﻓﻌﻞ: notice that the ﻓﻌﻞ can appear anywhere).
The only thing that matters is what the sound is at the end of each word.
Now that we understand Ending Sounds, let’s do some additional general practice. Keep in
mind the definition of a ﻓﻌﻞ: an action stuck in time and ﺣﺮﻑف: the thing that doesn’t make sense
unless another word comes after it. For each of the following, provide whether the word is an
ﺍاﺳﻢ, ﻓﻌﻞ, or ﺣﺮﻑف. If it’s an ﺍاﺳﻢ, provide the status (ﺭرﻓﻊ, ﻧﺼﺐ, or )ﺟﺮ.
1. The apartment of Burhan smelled good.
a. The apartment:
b. of:
c. Burhan:
d. smelled:
e. good:
2. The cat wore sunglasses.
a. The cat:
b. wore:
c. sunglasses:
3. Danish eats Rashid’s sandwich daily at work.
a. Danish:
b. eats:
c. Rashid’s:
d. sandwich:
e. daily:
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f. at:
g. work:
Answers:
1. The apartment of Burhan smelled good.
a. The apartment: ﺭرﻓﻊ (doer; it is the thing that smelled good)
b. of: ﺣﺮﻑف (word that doesn’t make sense unless another word comes after it)
c. Burhan: ﺟﺮ (the word that comes after ‘of’)
d. smelled: ﻓﻌﻞ (stuck in the past tense)
e. good: ﻧﺼﺐ (answers the question “how did the apartment of Burhan smell?”)
2. The cat wore sunglasses.
a. The cat: ﺭرﻓﻊ (the doer who wore the sunglasses)
b. wore: ﻓﻌﻞ (stuck in the past tense)
c. sunglasses: ﻧﺼﺐ (answers the question “what did the cat wear?”)
3. Danish eats Rashid’s sandwich daily at work.
a. Danish: ﺭرﻓﻊ (he is the one who ate)
b. eats: ﻓﻌﻞ (stuck in the present tense)
c. Rashid’s: ﺟﺮ (remember, “Rashid’s sandwich” can be rewritten as “sandwich of
Rashid,” and so Rashid comes after the word ‘of’)
d. sandwich: ﻧﺼﺐ (detail answering the question, “what does Danish eat?”)
e. daily: ﻧﺼﺐ (detail answering the question, “how often does Danish eat?”)
f. at: ﺣﺮﻑف (word that doesn’t make sense unless another word comes after it)
g. work: ﻧﺼﺐ (detail answering the question, “where does Danish eat?”)
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