Electrochemistry

Oxidation state for atoms in molecules

What is oxidized what is reduce, what is the oxidizing agent and what is the reducing agent.
Balance redox reactions in acidic or basic solutions
Voltaic cells: anodes and cathode, what side does oxidations occurs and what side does reduction
occur. determine emf if given table (standard reduction table potentials), salt bridge, directions of
electron flow,
Standard hydrogen potential, what is it and what are conditions.
Free energy and redox reactions
Cell potentials under nonstandard conditions and Nernst equations
Concentrations cells
Lithium-ions batteries
Be able to use the following equations

E°cell = E°red (cathode) - E°red (anode)

∆G = -nFE F = 96,485J/ V x mols
∆G0 = -nFE0
∆G0 = -RTlnK
RT
∆G0 = lnK
nF

0.0592V
E =E0- loqQ
n
20.25 Complete and balance the following equations and identify the reducing agent and the
oxidizing agent.
(a) Cr2O72- (aq) + I-(aq) → Cr3+(aq) + IO3-(aq) (acidic solution)
(b) MnO4-(aq) + CH3OH(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + HCOOH(aq) (acidic solution)
(c) I2(s) + OCl-(aq) → IO3-(aq) + Cl-(aq) (acidic solution)
(d) As2O3(s) + NO3-(aq) → H3AsO4(aq) + N2O3(aq) (acidic solution)
(e) MnO4-(aq) + Br-(aq) → MnO2(s) + BrO3-(aq) (basic solution)
(f) Pb(OH)42-(aq) + OCl-(aq) → PbO2(s) + Cl-(aq) (basic solution)
20.26 A voltaic cell similar to that shown in Figure 20.5 is constructed. One electrode half-
cell consists of a silver strip placed in a solution of AgNO3, and the other has an iron strip
placed in a solution of FeCl2. The overall cell reaction is
Fe (s) + 2 Ag+(aq) → Fe2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)

Fe(s) Ag(s)
NO3 − Na+

Fe2+ Ag+

2 e−

a.What is being oxidized, and what is being reduced

b.Write the half-reactions that occur in the two half-cells.

c.Which electrode is the anode, and which is the cathode?

d.Indicate the signs of the electrodes.

e.Do electrons flow from the silver electrode to the iron electrode or from the iron to
the silver?

f.In which directions do the cations and anions migrate through the solution?
20.35 A voltaic cell that uses the reaction

Tl3+(aq) + 2 Cr2+(aq) → Tl+(aq) + 2 Cr2+(aq) aq

has a measured standard cell potential of + 1.19 V.
a. Write the two half-cell reactions.

b. By using data from Appendix E, determine E°red for the reduction of Tl3+(aq) to Tl+
(aq) .

Sketch the voltaic cell, label the anode and cathode, and indicate the direction of electron
flow.
20.41 1 M solution of Cu NO3 2 is placed in a beaker with a strip of Cu metal. A 1 M
solution of SnSO4 is placed in a second beaker with a strip of Sn metal. A salt bridge
connects the two beakers, and wires to a voltmeter link the two metal electrodes.
a. Which electrode serves as the anode, and which serves as the cathode.

b. Which electrode gains mass and which electrode losses mass as the reaction proceeds.

c. Write the equation for the overall cell reaction.

d. What is the emf generated under standard conditions.

20.65 A voltaic cell is constructed with two Zn2+ - Zn electrodes. The two
half-cells have [Zn2+] = 1.8 M and [Zn2+] = 1.00 x 10-2 M, respectively.
a. Which electrode is the anode of the cell?

b. What is the standard emf of the cell?

c. What is the cell emf for the concentrations given?

d. For each electrode, predict whether Zn 2+ will increase, decrease, or stay the same
as
the cell operates.
20.53 If the equilibrium constant for a two-electron redox reaction at 298 K is
1.5 x 10-4, calculate the corresponding ∆G° and E°.
20.59. A voltaic cell is based on the reaction
Sn (s) + I2 (s) → Sn2+(aq) + 2 I-(aq)
Under standard conditions, what is the maximum electrical work, in joules, that the cell can
accomplish if 75.0 g of Sn is consumed?
20.67. A voltaic cell utilizes the following reaction:

4 Fe2+(aq) + O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) → 4 Fe3+(aq) + 2 H2O (l)

a.What is the emf of this cell under standard conditions?

b. What is the emf of this cell when Fe2+ = 1.3 M and Fe3+ = 0.010 M, PO2 = 0.50 atm and the pH
of the solution in the cathode is 3.5
20.79 In a Li-ion battery the composition of the cathode is LiCoO2 when completely
discharged. On charging, approximately 50% of the Li+ ions can be extracted from the
cathode and transported to the graphite anode where they intercalate between the layers.
a. What is the composition of the cathode when the battery is fully charged?

b. If the LiCoO2 cathode has a mass of 10 g (when fully discharged), how many coulombs of
electricity can be delivered on completely discharging a fully charged batter