Roll No:

Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University

School of Technology, Gandhinagar
End Semester Examination, May-2012
B. Tech. Mechanical & Civil Engineering
Semester-II
Course (Code): Chemistry (HS102) Time: 3 hrs
Date: 10-5-2012 Max. Marks: 100
Instructions to students:
1. Do not write anything other than your roll number on question paper.
2. Assume suitable data wherever required and mention it clearly.
3. Writing appropriate units, nomenclature, and drawing neat sketches/schematics wherever required is an integral
part of the answer.

1.(a) What is octane number? Explain with examples and reactions, how processes like isomerization, (5)
reforming and cracking can enhance octane number of hydrocarbons.
(b) What is a fuel cell? Describe the principle (with reactions), advantages and limitations of fuel cell. (5)

2.(a) What are the causes of temporary and permanent hardness of water? Describe the rating and (5)
different units of hardness.
(b) With the help of a suitable diagram and reactions, describe how zeolite/permutit method is used (5)
for softening of water.

3.(a) What is electrode potential and how it is measured? With examples, explain how standard (5)
electrode potential is related to corrosion?
(b) Describe five points on how nature of metal affects corrosion. (5)

4.(a) Write the assumptions and limitations of valence bond theory. Describe with example how VB (5)
theory can be applied to explain the formation of inner- and outer-oribital octahedral complexes.
(b) Draw the shapes of d orbitals. Explain with examples how weak-field and strong-field ligands favor (5)
formation of high-spin and low spin complexes, respectively.

5.(a) Draw a table consisting different types of Portland cement, their main features and applications. (5)
(b) What are the environmental impacts of cement manufacturing? (5)

6.(a) Write short notes on any one of the following: (i) Calorific Value (ii) Reverse Osmosis (5)
(iii) Compressive Strength
(b) A sample of coal was found to contain carbon 80%, hydrogen 10%, oxygen 5%, nitrogen 3% and (5)
remaining being ash. Calculate the minimum air required for complete combustion of 1 Kg of coal.
Assume air contains 25% oxygen.

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7. What are the spectroscopic methods used to identify organic compound? Explain the IR (10)
spectroscopy with diagram and how it works. What is stretching and bending? Explain the
approximate range of NH, CH, OH, CO, stretching and bending on electromagnetic spectrum?

8. Explain the types of organic reactions with at least two examples each showing its mechanism. (10)

9. Explain any five of the following: (10)

a) What is diamagnetic anisotropic effect. Explain with examples.
b) Exlain and bending in IR spectroscopy?
c) Explain the effect of intermolecular and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding in 1H
NMR spectroscopy with example.
d) What is Pascal rule? Explain with examples.
e) Explain C-13 spectroscopy. How it differ from 1H NMR spectroscopy?.
f) Why aldehydic peak is more deshielded in NMR spectra?

10. What is Optical isomerism? What is the essential condition for optical isomerism? Explain the (10)
following terms with examples:
(a) Specific rotation (b)R, S system for asymmetric molecules
(c) Resolution for racemic mixture (d)E-Z system

OR
10. Explain the electromagnetic spectrum including radio waves to X-ray with wavelength range. How (10)
does this technique help in the characterization of organic compounds?

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