Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Problem 6

    Uploaded by

    Gustavo Guerra Geraldini
    11 views3 pages
    This document summarizes the solution to a system of constant-coefficient homogeneous linear differential equations. It finds the general solution by determining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, resulting in two solutions that form a fundamental set. The general solution is a linear combination of these solutions using arbitrary constants. A direction field is drawn showing the vector field and some sample solution trajectories. As time approaches infinity, the solutions approach either zero or infinity depending on the eigenvalue.

    Original Description:

    Resolução do livro

    Original Title

    BoyceODEch7s5p6

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    This document summarizes the solution to a system of constant-coefficient homogeneous linear differential equations. It finds the general solution by determining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, resulting in two solutions that form a fundamental set. The general solution is a linear combination of these solutions using arbitrary constants. A direction field is drawn showing the vector field and some sample solution trajectories. As time approaches infinity, the solutions approach either zero or infinity depending on the eigenvalue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    11 views3 pages

    Problem 6

    Uploaded by

    Gustavo Guerra Geraldini
    This document summarizes the solution to a system of constant-coefficient homogeneous linear differential equations. It finds the general solution by determining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, resulting in two solutions that form a fundamental set. The general solution is a linear combination of these solutions using arbitrary constants. A direction field is drawn showing the vector field and some sample solution trajectories. As time approaches infinity, the solutions approach either zero or infinity depending on the eigenvalue.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 3

    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 7.

    5 - Problem 6 Page 1 of 3

    Problem 6
    In each of Problems 1 through 6:

    (a) Find the general solution of the given system of equations and describe the behavior of the
    solution as t → ∞.

    (b) Draw a direction field and plot a few trajectories of the system.
    5 3
    !
    4 4
    x0 = 3 5
    x
    4 4

    Solution

    Because this is a constant-coefficient homogeneous linear system, it’s expected to have solutions
    of the form x = eλt ξ, where ξ has constant elements.
    5 3
    !
    4 4
    λeλt ξ = 3 5
    eλt ξ
    4 4

    Divide both sides by eλt .


    5 3
    !
    4 4
    λξ = 3 5
    ξ
    4 4
    This is now an eigenvalue problem.
    5 3
    ( !  )
    4 4 λ 0
    − ξ=0
    3 5 0 λ
    4 4

    5 3
    !
    4 −λ 4
    3 5
    ξ=0 (1)
    4 4 −λ
    The eigenvalues satisfy
    5 3
    !
    4 −λ 4
    det 3 5
    = 0.
    4 4 −λ
    Evaluate the determinant and solve for λ.
    9
    (5/4 − λ)(5/4 − λ) − =0
    16
    5
    1 − λ + λ2 = 0
    2
     
    1
    λ− (λ − 2) = 0
    2
     
    1
    λ= ,2
    2
    Let
    1
    λ1 = and λ2 = 2.
    2

    www.stemjock.com
    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 7.5 - Problem 6 Page 2 of 3

    Substitute these two eigenvalues into equation (1) to determine the corresponding eigenvectors.
    5 3 5 3
    ! !
    4 − λ1 4 4 − λ2 4
    3 5
    ξ1 = 0 3 5
    ξ2 = 0
    4 4 − λ1 4 4 − λ2
    3 3
    − 34 3
    ! !
    4 4 4
    3 3
    ξ1 = 0 3 3
    ξ2 = 0
    4 4 4 − 4

    3 3 3 3
    ξ1 + ξ2 = 0 − ξ1 + ξ2 = 0
    4 4 4 4
    ξ2 = −ξ1 ξ2 = ξ1
               
    ξ1 ξ1 1 ξ1 ξ1 1
    ξ1 = = = ξ1 ξ2 = = = ξ1
    ξ2 −ξ1 −1 ξ2 ξ1 1

    Two solutions to the system are then


       t/2     2t 
    λ1 t 1 e λ2 t 1 e
    x1 = e = and x2 = e = 2t .
    −1 −et/2 1 e

    The Wronskian of these two functions is


    t/2
    e2t

    e
    W [x1 , x2 ](t) = t/2 2t = e5t/2 + e5t/2 = 2e5t/2 ,

    −e e

    which is never zero. That means x1 and x2 form a fundamental set of solutions. Therefore, by the
    principle of superposition, the general solution is
       
    t/2 1 2t 1
    x = C1 e + C2 e ,
    −1 1

    where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants. The direction field is the two-dimensional vector field
    obtained from the system of equations.
    5 3 5 3
    ! !
    x + x
     
    0 4 4 4 1 4 2 5 3 3 5
    x = 3 5 x= 3 ⇒ x1 + x2 , x1 + x2
    4 4 x1 + 5 x2
    4 4
    4 4 4 4

    www.stemjock.com
    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 7.5 - Problem 6 Page 3 of 3

    The direction field is shown below in red, and the possible trajectories are shown below in blue.

    www.stemjock.com

    You might also like