Algebra II Workbook Chapter 16

Lesson 16.
1 Step It Out
Do the Math (Example 1)
Identify the parent function.
The parent function is y = cos x because the y-intercept is maximum a value.
Identify the amplitude.
From the graph, you can see that the maximum value is 2.5 and the minimum
value is - 2.5 .
Halfway between these values is the midline, which is at y = 0. The amplitude a of

the graph is 2.5 .
Identify the period. Then solve for b.
The graph repeats itself in intervals of π . So, the period of the graph is π .
2πb = π → b = 0.5
Write an equation.
y = 2.5 cos ( )
2 x
Identify the frequency.
  1    
frequency = _ =_  1    
= 2000 Hz
period 0.0005
Write an equation.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

period _
a = 2, b =  _  =   0.0005
     
  y
2π 2π 5
((
P(t) = 2 sin _ ))
  2π   t = 4 sin 4000 πt
0.0005
4
2
Graph the function.
1
x
0
0.00025 0.0005 0.00075 0.001
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Algebra 2 AK150 Journal and Practice Workbook

Lesson 16.1 More Practice
1  ;  b =
a =  _   1  ; amplitude =
_ 1  ;  period =
 _ 2π  
 _ 1  ;  amplitude = 5, period = 2
1.
2 3 2 3
  4. a = -5, b = _
  π
y y
1 6
0.5 2
x
0
x 2π 4π 6π 8π
0 -2
π 2π
-4
-0.5 -6
  2π ; 
5. amplitude = 2; period = _   y = 2 cos 5x
-1 5
6. amplitude = _
3   3   sin 2x
    , period = π; y = _
4 4
2. a = 2; b = 2; amplitude = 2; period = 4 π 7. y
5
y
3 4
2 3
1 2
x
0 1
2π 4π 6π 8π
-1 0
x
0.003 0.006 0.009
-2 -1
-3 -2
-3
3. a = -3; b = 4; amplitude = 3; period = 8 π
-4
y
3 -5
2
y = 5 sin(500πx)
1
  1    = 250 Hz
frequency = _
x 0.004
0
4π 8π 12π 8. Jeremy’s error was in multiplying instead of
-1 dividing by the horizontal stretch factor.
x   
y = 4 cos  _
-2 2
-3

4πx
9A. y = -8 cos  _   10. y = 1.4 sin 400πx
3
y
B. amplitude: 8; period: 1.5 2
C. y
10
1
5
x
0
0.01 0.02
x
0
2.5 5 -1
-5
-2
-10 11. period = 2πb = 14
  14   = _
b=_ 7   → _
  π   π   
  1   = _
2π b 7
The correct answer choice is D.

Lesson 16.2 Step It Out
Identify the period. Then solve for b, and substitute into the function rule.
π
The graph repeats itself in intervals of  _
3   . So, the period of the
_ π
graph is   3    .
_ π
πb =   3   → b =   1  
_
3
f(x) = a tan ( 3
)
x
Use the point on the graph to find a.
2 = a tan ( ( _π
3 -  12    ))
( ) π
= a tan - _  
4
( )
= a -1
-2 = a
Write the equation.
y = -2 tan ( 3

x )
Subtract two consecutive asymptotes to find the period of the tangent function.
period of f(x): π - - _

2 ( )
π    = _
  3π  
2
 
  π    - - _

period of g(x): _
4 2 ( )
π    = _
  3π  
4
 
The period of f(x) is less than the period of g(x).

The height h of the climber and the distance 50 feet form two legs of a right triangle.
Use this information to write tan θ = __ h
  50  . 
Solve for h to write the function.
The tangent function h = 50 tan θ gives the height of the climber as a function of the
observer’s viewing angle.
Evaluating the function for θ = 80° gives h ≈ 283.6, which is a height of 283.6 feet.
The cliff is 300 feet high, so this viewing angle would occur when the climber is
at about 284 feet.

1.
1  ;  b = _
a =  _   π  
  1  ; period = _ 5. The graph repeats itself in intervals of __
 2π  . 
2 3 3 __
2π
3
The period of the graph is   3  . 
y
  2π     2  
4
πb = _  → b = _
3 3
2
f(x) = a tan _ ( )
  3  x
2
-π
3
-π
6
0 π
6
πx
3
π  ,  4 .
A point on the graph is − _
6 ( )
( ( ))
-2
π   
  3   − _
4 = a tan _
-4
2 6
π   
4 = a tan − _
4 ( )
2. a = 3; b = 4; period = 4π
4 = a(−1)
y −4 = a
( )
4
  3x   
y = −4 tan _
2
2
6. The graph repeats itself in intervals of 3π.
x
The period of the graph is 3π.
-2π -π 0 π 2π
-2 πb = 3π → b = 3
-4
f(x) = a tan _
3 ()
  x   
3π , 
A point on the graph is − _
4 (
  −2.5. )
−2.5 = a tan ((_
4 ))
  π     1  )  (− _
3.
1  ; period = _
a = - 5; b =  _ 3π  
4 4  
3
y
4 π   
−2.5 = a tan − _
4 ( )
2 −2.5 = a(−1)

x 2.5 = a
-π -π
0 π π x   
y = 2.5 tan  _
4 8
-2
8 4 3
7. The distance from the observer to the base of
-4 the cliff is 50 meters.
The cliff is 150 meters high.
1
4. a = − _  ;  b = _
1
      ; period = _
     1 The climber is climbing at a rate of 1.5 m/min.
2 2π 2
The height of the climber h and the view angle
y θ is related by the equation tan θ = __ h
  50  . 
4
The height of the climber h is a function
2 h = 1.5t of time t.
x
tan θ = _
  1.5t   
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 50
-2 tan θ =   3t   
_
100
-4 100 tan θ = 3t
  100 tan θ
_     = t
3
yes; The viewing angle would reach 70° when 10. Subtract two consecutive asymptotes to find the
tan 70° = __ h
  50  ,  or 137.4 ≈ h, when the climber is about period of the tangent function.
( )
137 meters above the ground.
  9   - − _
period of f(x): _ 3    = _
  12   = 3
4 4 4
8. The domain of the function is
  3   - ( − _
2) 2
 ⎧  ⎫ period of g(x): _ 3   = _
  6   = 3
⎩ ( π
⎨  x  | x ≠ b   __
2 )⎬ ⎭.  It is not affected by a.
    + nπ 2
The range of the function is all real numbers, The period of f(x) is equal to the period of g(x).
It is not affected by the values of a and b.
11. πb = _
π
     → b = _
     1
6 6
h
( )
9A. tan θ =  _    
300 1 (x)
h     y = tan _
B. tan 60° =  _   _ 1   
300
― 
  6  
  √3    =_   h     y = tan(6x)
― 
300
  =h
300  √3 
The correct answer choice is D.
519.6 ≈ h
C.   24t   

tan θ = _
300
300    tan θ = t
 _
24
12.5 tan θ = t

An equation of the graph resulting from the reflection across
y= 5 is g(x) = -5 sin 4 (x - __ π
   ) + 5.
  8
The graph of g has the same shape as the graph of f, but one of
its minimum points is located at ( _

4 )
  π    , 0 .

A phase shift of   π    units to the left maps the minimum point on
_
4
the graph of g to the minimum point on the graph of f.
(
_
4 ) (
  π    , 0 → )
0 , 0

Write the equation of a function h(x) whose graph coincides with the graph of f.
(( ) )

h(x) = -5 sin 4 x + _  π    - _
  π    + 5
4 8
= -5 sin 4 x +
( _
)
 π    + 5
8
Identify the key parameters of the function.

  10
period: 2π • _ π  = 20; midline: h(t) = 75 ; amplitude: 60; maximum: 75 + 60 = 135;
minimum: 75 − 60 = 15

Determine the points where the graph intersects the midline.
h(t) = 75 when cos _   π   t = 0
10
The value of the cosine function is 0 for _  π ,  _   5π ,  . . ..
  3π ,  _
2 2 2
  π   t = _
_   π   
  _ π   t = _
  3π   
10 2 10 2
t = 5 t = 15
The graph intersects the midline twice during one cycle, at the points ( 5, 75) and (15, 75).
The cycle begins with the point on the observation wheel nearest the ground, so one
minimum point is ( 0, 15). A second occurs at the end of the cycle (the period) at
the point ( 20, 15). The only maximum point occurs midway through the cycle at ( 10, 135).
(0, 15): The observation wheel begins with the point at a height of 15 meters.
(5, 75): The point reaches the height of the wheel’s axle, 75 meters, in 5 minutes.
(10, 135): At 10 minutes, the point reaches its maximum height of 135 meters at
the top of the wheel.

( 15, 75): The point comes back down to the height of the axle, 75 meters, in 15 minutes.
(20, 15): One trip around the observation wheel takes 20 minutes, ending with the point
back at a height of 15 meters.
Make a graph of the function.
y
120
90
60
30
x
0 10 20 30

1. The amplitude is 2, the midline is at 3, 3. y = 0.8 sin(2.5x) − 0.2,
the period is  __
2π
  , and the phase shift is
3
y = −0.8 sin(2.5(x + 0.4π)) − 0.2;
πunits to the left. The period is 0.8π, so b = 0.4, the amplitude
is 0.8 because the difference between the
y maximum and minimum is 1.6 and the midline
4
is at −0.2. A phase shift of 0.4π units to the
2 right or left with a reflection over the midline
x
makes a graph that coincides.
( )
0
y = −6 cos(__
  5x  ) + 2, y = 6 cos   _____
π π π 2π 5π x − 5π
6 3 2 3 6 4. 5
    + 2; The
-2
period is 10π, so b = 5, the amplitude is 6
-4 because the difference between the maximum
and minimum is 12, and the midline is at 2.

A phase shift of 5π units to the right or left
2. The amplitude is 4, the midline is at -2, the with a reflection over the midline makes a
period is 4 π, and the phase shift is π
units to graph that coincides.
the right.
5. y = −3 tan(2x) + 6, y = −3 tan 2(x −   __ 2)
π
   + 6;
π
__ __ 1
8
y The period is  2  , so b =   2  , a is negative because
each period goes down to the right. The point
4 at ( 0, 6) leads to y = a tan(2x) + 6, since the
x asymptotes are at x = ±   __ π
4
  . The point at (   __
8 )
π
  , 3
0 π 2π 3π 4π 5π provides a.
-4 3 = a tan 2_ ( ( ))
  π   + 6
8

-8
−3 = a tan _
4 ()
  π  
−3 = a
 π2   units to the right or left

A phase shift of __
makes a graph that coincides.
6. y = −3 cos(6x) − 2, y = 3 sin 6(x +   __
4)
π
   − 2; π
9. The values are h =   __
2
   and k = 5, so each of the
π
The period is  __
3
  , so b = __
  16  , the amplitude is 3 five key points of the graph will move 5 units up
π
because the difference between the maximum and  __
2
   units to the right.
and minimum is 6, and the midline is at -2. A
π
phase shift of  __   units to the left with changing
π
10. y = 4 tan   __
5 ((
   x − __ ))
  12   + 2; The period is
( )
4
from cosine to sine makes a graph that 3 − ( −2) = 5, so b = __   π5  , The point at  __12  , 2
coincides. represents the point ( h, k), because it is halfway
7. The amplitude is 60, the midline or vertical shift between two asymptotes. The point __   47  , 6 ( )
provides a.
is 70, the period is  ___
2π
   = 10, and the phase shift
(  __π5  )
is 1.4 units to the right. The maximum height is
y = a tan _
5 ( ( ))
  π   x − _
  1   + k
2
( ( ))
60 + 70 = 130.
  π   _
6 = a tan _   7   − _
  1   + 2
h(t) 5 4 2
120   π  
4 = a tan _
4 ()
4 = a
80
π
11. A phase shift of  __
12
   units to the right with a
40
reflection over the midline makes a graph that
t coincides. The correct answer choice is C.
0 4 8 12
8. The amplitude is 33, the midline or vertical shift

is 33, the period is  __
2π
   = __
4π
  1  , and the phase shift
2
is __
  18   unit to the right. The bicycle wheel makes
a complete cycle in 0.5 seconds, has a radius of
33 cm, and the wheel stays on the ground, but
a point on the wheel goes from 0 to 66 cm and
back to 0.

h(t)
60
40
20
t
0 0.5 1 1.5

The sine function that models the data is:
1    
T = -15.8 sin   _____ m -
-1.99
( 3.99 ) + 60.6 .

T Note: Different regression calculators

may provide different parameters that
60
result in equivalent graphs. Check that
40 students' graphs coincide with this
graph if their calculator has provided
20 different parameter values.
m
0 2 4 6 8 10
The m-coordinate of the point ( 10.414, 11)means the month is October and the
day is 0.414(31) = 12.834 days after the 15th. So the model gives the day October 28
as the first day with no more than 11 hours of daylight in New Orleans.
The m-coordinate of the point ( 1.965, 11)means the month is February and the day
is 0.035(28) = 0.98 days before the 15th. So, the model gives the day February 14 as
the last day with no more than 11 hours of daylight in New Orleans.
From about October 28 through approximately February 14, New Orleans, Louisiana
gets no more than 11 hours of daylight.

1. Roughly fit a sine model of the form 2. Possible answer:
y = a sin  __b1 (  x - h) + k. The period is y ≈ -21.7 sin _ 1    
(x -22.4) + 71.7
12 months. 1.95
3. The calculator model seems to go through or
2πb = 12
6   very close to all of the points, but the rough
b=_   π
model has a phase shift that is not far enough to
The horizontal midline is between the highest the right to match the data.
94 + 50
and lowest data points which is k =   ______
     = 72.
2 4. The value of R  2for the calculator model is
The closest occurrence of temperature close to
0.9882, which is very close to 1, so this is a
67 is in month 3, so h = 3.
strong correlation to the data.
The amplitude is half the distance between the
highest and lowest data points or 22. 5. The m-coordinate of the point ( 5.287, 85)
Since temperatures increase near the means the month is May and the day is
beginning, let a = 22. The rough model is 0.287(31) = 8.897 days after the 15th. So, the
π( model gives the day May 23 as the first day
y = 22 sin   _   x - 3) + 72.
6 warmer than 85 in Oklahoma City.

The m-coordinate of the point ( 8.849, 85) From about December 18 through
means the month is September and the day is approximately February 14, Oklahoma City has
0.151(30) = 4.53 days before the 15th. So, the average lows of 32 degrees or colder.
model gives the day September 11 as the last
day above 85 in Oklahoma City. 11. Roughly fit a sine model of the form
y = a sin  __b1 (  x - h) + k. The period is 12 months.
From about May 23 through approximately
September 11, Oklahoma City averages 85 2πb = 12
degrees or warmer. b=_ 6  
  π
6. Roughly fit a sine model of the form The horizontal midline is between 76 and 52,
y = a sin  __b1 (  x - h) + k. The period is 12 months.   76 +2 
k = ______ 52
  = 64. The first occurrence of
2πb = 12 temperature close to 64 is in month 4, so h = 4.
b=_ 6  
  π The amplitude is half the distance between
the maximum and minimum or 12. Since
The horizontal midline is between the highest and temperatures increase near the beginning,
  72 +2 
lowest data points which is k = ______ 29
  = 50.5. let a = 12.
The closest occurrence of temperature close to
50.5 is in month 4, so h = 4. The rough model is y = 12 sin  __π6  ( x - 4) + 64.
The calculator gives the equation
The amplitude is half the distance between the y ≈ 12.61 sin(0.51x - 21.2) + 64.79.
highest and lowest data points or 21.5. Since
h
temperatures increase near the beginning, let
a = 21.5. 60
The rough model is 40

y = 21.5 sin   __π6 (  x - 4) + 50.4.
20
7. Possible answer: m
y ≈ 21.6 sin _1   ( x - 28.3) + 50.6 0
-1.93 2 4 6 8 10
8. The calculator model and the rough model seem

12. no; The data are periodic, but there is a second
to go through or very close to all of the points.
maximum in the winter months that is lower
9. The value of R  2for the calculator model is 0.996, than the maximum in the summer months.
which is very close to 1, so this is a very strong
13. The amplitude is half the distance between the
correlation to the data.
  14.6 2-  9.4 
max and min or |a| = _______  = 2.6. Since
10. The m-coordinate of the point (12.096, 32) daylight increases near the beginning of the
means the month is December and the day is year, let a = 2.6. The correct answer choice is A.
0.0967(31) = 2.976 days after the 15th. So, the
model gives the day December 18 as the first
night colder than 32 in Oklahoma City.
The m-coordinate of the point ( 2.026, 32)

means the month is February and the day is
0.026(28) = 0.728 days before the 15th. So, the
model gives the day February 14 as the last day
below 32 in Oklahoma City.

Algebra II Workbook Chapter 16

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Algebra II Workbook Chapter 16

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Lesson 16.

Identify the parent function.

The parent function is y = cos x because the y-intercept is maximum a value.

Identify the amplitude.

Halfway between these values is the midline, which is at y = 0. The amplitude a of

Identify the period. Then solve for b.

Do the Math (Example 2)

Identify the frequency.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Algebra 2 AK150 Journal and Practice Workbook

Algebra 2 AK151 Journal and Practice Workbook

-10 11. period = 2​π​b = 14

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Algebra 2 AK152 Journal and Practice Workbook

Use the point on the graph to find a.

Write the equation.

period of f​​(x)​​: π - ​​ -​ _

​​ π ​​ - ​​ -​ _

The period of f​​(x)​​ is less than the period of g​​(x)​​.

Solve for h to write the function.

Algebra 2 AK153 Journal and Practice Workbook

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

C. ​​ 24t ​​

Algebra 2 AK155 Journal and Practice Workbook

An equation of the graph resulting from the reflection across

its minimum points is located at ​​ ( _

Do the Math (Example 2)

Identify the key parameters of the function.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Algebra 2 AK156 Journal and Practice Workbook

Lesson 16.3 More Practice

and minimum is 12, and the midline is at 2.

​​ π2 ​​ units to the right or left

8. The amplitude is 33, the midline or vertical shift

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Algebra 2 AK158 Journal and Practice Workbook

The sine function that models the data is:

T Note: Different regression calculators

Do the Math (Example 2)

Lesson 16.4 More Practice

Algebra 2 AK159 Journal and Practice Workbook

The rough model is 40

8. The calculator model and the rough model seem

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The m-coordinate of the point (​​ 2.026, 32)​​

Algebra 2 AK160 Journal and Practice Workbook

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-10 11. period = 2πb = 14

period of f(x): π - - _

  π    - - _

The period of f(x) is less than the period of g(x).

C.   24t   

its minimum points is located at ( _

 π2   units to the right or left

The m-coordinate of the point ( 2.026, 32)