9781009341837ans 438-481

CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ AND O LEVEL ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS: COURSEBOOK
Answers
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Chapter 1
Pre-requisite Knowledge Exercise 1.1
1 14 1 one-one
2 10 − 3x 2 many-one
x−5 3 one-one
3 f −1(x) = _____
   
3 4 one-one
4 a y
5 one-one
6 one-one
7 one-one
8 one-many
O 0.5 x Exercise 1.2

–1 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
2 a −7  f(x)  2
b 2  f(x)  17
c −1  f(x)  9
d 0  f(x)  9
e  __1   f(x)  8
b y 8
f  __1   f(x)  1
5
3 g (x
)  2
4 f (x
)  −4
1 5 f (x
)  5
O x 6 f (x
)  −5
7 −6  f (x
)  10
8 f (x
)  3
Exercise 1.3
1 9
5 a x = −1
2 51
b x = 2 or x = −6
3 675
4 1
5 67
438
Answers
6 a hk b kh
Exercise 1.4
7 x   1 
= − __ 2  , x = 4
3 1 a x = −2  __
3
8 x = −   2  or x = 4
__
b x = −2, x = −7
3
__3 c x = 0.8, x = 1.6
9 x =    
4
d x = −23, x = 25
10 x = 2.5
e x = −5, x = −2
11 x=5
f x = −0.5, x = 7.5
12 x = 3 or x = 4
g x = 16, x = 24
13 a fg b gf
8
c g2 d f 2 h x = −5, x = 3  __ 
9
3 2
__
i x = 1     , x = 5
14 x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ − __
    , x ≠ 0
2 3
15 ∈ ℝ, x  20 5
Domain: x 2 a x = −4  __  , x = −1.9
Range: fg(x) ∈ ℝ, fg(x)  − 9 6
b x = −0.8, x = 0
16 a x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 1
c x = −5.6, x = 4
b x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 0, x ≠ 1
d x = 0.75, x = 3.5
17 a Domain: x ∈ ℝ, x  0
Range: fg(x) ∈ ℝ, fg(x)  − 6 e x = 6.5
1 
x = 3  __
f
b Domain: x ∈ ℝ, x  3 3
Range: gf(x) ∈ ℝ, gf(x)  0 3 a x = −2, x = 2
18 a   1 
i f(x) ∈ ℝ, f(x)  − __ b x = −3, x = 3
8
ii g(x) ∈ ℝ, g(x) ≠ 0 c x = −3, x = −1, x = 2
b i Domain: x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 0 d x = 0, x = 4, x = 6
Range: fg(x) ∈ ℝ, fg(x)  − __   1  e x = −2, x = 1, x = 3

8
f x = −2, x = −1, x = 0, x = 3
ii Domain: x   1 
∈ ℝ, x ≠ 0, x ≠ __
2 g x = 0.5, x = 1
Range: gf(x) ∈ ℝ, gf(x)  − 8 h x = −1, x = 2
or gf(x)  0
i x = 0, x = 2, x = 6
19 a i f(x) ∈ ℝ, f(x) , 9
4 a (−4, 0), (3, 7), (5, 9)
ii g(x) ∈ ℝ, g(x)  0
b (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)
b
gf(x) = ( 2x + 2) 2
c (1, 3), (2.5, 7.5)
Domain: x ∈ ℝ, − 1 , x , 2
c
Range: gf(x) ∈ ℝ, 0 , gf(x) , 36
20 a i f(x) ∈ ℝ, f(x)  5
Exercise 1.5
g(x) ∈ ℝ, g(x)  47
ii 1 a ∨ shape, vertex at (−1, 0), y-intercept 1
b
gf(x) = 4 x 2 − 4x − 1 b ∨ shape, vertex at (1.5, 0), y-intercept 3
Domain: x ∈ ℝ, x  4
c c ∨ shape, vertex at (5, 0), y-intercept 5
Range: gf(x) ∈ ℝ, gf(x)  47 d ∨ shape, vertex at (−6, 0), y-intercept 3
21 a i f(x) ∈ ℝ, f(x)  5 e ∨ shape, vertex at (5, 0), y-intercept 10
ii g(x) ∈ ℝ, g(x)  65 f ∨ shape, vertex at (18, 0), y-intercept 6
b
gf(x) = 9 x 2 + 12x + 5
Domain: x ∈ ℝ, x  2
c
Range: gf(x) ∈ ℝ, gf(x)  65
439
2 a x −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 Exercise 1.6
y 7 6 5 4 3 4 5 _
1 f −1(x) = √ x + 7  − 5
6 − 2x
b y 2 f −1(x) = ______
  x 
8 _
7 3 + √ x − 1 
3 f −1(x) = _________
   
6 2
5 4 f −1(x) = (8 − x) 2 + 3
4
x + 3 −1 2x − 7
3 5 f −1(x) = _____
    , g (x) = ______
  x 
5
2 _____
6 a f −1(x) = √ x + 5 − 2
1
b x = 20
–2 0 2 4 x _____
7 a f −1(x) = 4 + √ x − 5
3 a ∨ shape, vertex at (0, 1) b x = 294
x+3
b ∨ shape, vertex at (0, −3) 8 g −1(x) = _____
a    
x−2
c ∧ shape, vertex at (0, 2) b x = 3.25
d ∨ shape, vertex at (3, 1), y-intercept 4 9 a f −1 (x) = 2(x − 2)
e ∨ shape, vertex at (−3, −3), y-intercept 3 b no solution
4 a −3  f (x)  11 10 x=0
b 0  g (x)  11 11 x = −2, 3.5
c −3  h (x)  5 12 f −1 (x)  0
5 −5  f (x)  5, 0  g (x)  5, −5  h (x)  3 13 f −1g−1
6 a ∨ shape, vertex at (−2, 0), y-intercept 4 14 f, h
b straight line through (−5, 0), (0, 5) 15 a x2
c x = −3, x = 1 b g −1 (x)  0
7 a ∨ shape, vertex at (3, −3), y-intercept 3
x + k −1 x + 14
16 f −1(x) = _____
a     , g (x) = ______
   
b −3  f (x)  7 3 5−x
b k = 13
c x = 0.5, x = 5.5
c x
8 a ∨ shape, vertex at (__
  4  , 0), y-intercept 4
3 17 a f −1g b g−1f
b straight line through (−2, −4), (5, 10) c gf −1
d f −1g−1
c x = 0.8, x = 4
9 a y
10
Exercise 1.7
9 1 y
8 6
7 f –1
6 4
5
4 2 f
3
2
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 x
1
–2
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 x
–4
b x = −3, x = 3
–6
440
Answers
2 y 6 y
6 g–1 12
f
10
4
g 8
2 6
4
0 f–1
–6 –4 –2 2 4 6 x 2
–2
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
–4 –2
–4
–6 –6
–8
3 y f
10 7 a f is a one-one function
9 _
8 b f −1 (x) = √3 - x - 1
7 c y
6
5 f –1 4
4 2
3 f−1
2 x
–14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4
1 –2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x –4
–6
4 y
4 g –8
3 –10
2 –12 f
1
2x + 7
8 a f −1 (x) = ______
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x x−2
–1 b The curve is symmetrical about the line
–2 y=x
–3
–4 Past paper questions
5 y 1 a _1_
6 3
b f (x) = (x + 3)2 + 1
−1
3x − 2
4 c g −1 (x) = ______
2x − 1
g −1
_
2 i 2 − √5 , f(x)  2
2
ii f −1
(x) = (2 − x)2 − 5
_
domain: 2 − √5 , x  2
0 2 4 6x range: −5  f−1 (x) , 0
iii x = −4
441
3 i y iv x  2
9 v Put into a standard quadratic form and then use the
y = |3 + 2x| quadratic formula. Discard the negative square root.
9 i y
6
4
–6 O 6 x 2
–2 0 2 4 x
y=2–x –2
–4
ii x = 5 or x = −2
–9
1  , x = −5
ii x = −  __
3
4 A B C D Chapter 2
✓ Pre-requisite Knowledge
✓ ✓
5
✓ 1 a x = __ , y = −3
2
✓
b x = 3, y = 5
5x + 1 2 a x = 2, y = −4
5 i f −1(x) = ______
   
2x 3
b x = 8, y = __
   
ii x  0 2
2x − 5 3 a x = −3, x = 2
iii  __________ 
− 10x + 27
b x = 2, x = 8
5
6 i y   2 
c x =−  __ , x = __
2 3
2 (x + __
   ) − ___
2
7 25
4 a    
4 8
3
  1 
b x = −3, x =− __
2
O 0.6 x
5 x = 1.22, x = 3.28
  1  or x = __
x = __
ii
5
   
Exercise 2.1
4 6
1 x = 3, y = 9 and x = −2, y = 4
7 a i f (x)  3
2 x = −1, y = −7 and x = 4, y = −2
  1 
ii x = 0 or x = __
2 3 x = −3, y = −4 and x = 4, y = 3
4x + 1 4 x = 1, y = 4 and x = −2, y = −2
h −1(x) = ______
b i    , range h−1 (x) ≠ 4
x−2
5 x = 0.5, y = 0.5 and x = 0, y = 1
5x − 2
h (x) = _______
ii   2
  6 x = −1, y = −3 and x = 2, y = 1
17 − 2x
7 x = 1.5, y = 4 and x = 2, y = 3
8 i   1 
g(x)  − __ 8 x = 3, y = 1 and x = 9, y = 7
2
ii g (1) = 0, domain of f is x  2 9 x = 1.8, y = 2.6 and x = 1, y = 3
10 x = −1, y = −2 and x = 1, y = 2
1  x 2 − __5 2
iii  __     + ___
   
2 2 x 2 11 x = 1, y = 2 and x = 2, y = 1
442
Answers
12 x = 1, y = 2 and x = 4, y = −4 f (x + 3)2 − 0
13   1 and x = − __
x = 1, y = − __   1 , y = __
  1  g (x + 2)2 − 21
3 2 6
h (x + 2.5)2 − 0.25
14 x = 3, y = 1 and x = 1, y = 3
4 a 2(x − 2)2 − 5
15 x = −1, y = −3 and x = 1, y = 3
b 2(x − 3)2 − 17
16 x = 0, y = −0.5 and x = −1, y = −1
c 3(x − 2)2 − 7
17 1 , y = −1.4
x = −1, y = 2 and x = 7  __
2 d 2(x − 0.75)2 + 0.875
18 x = −1.5, y = −8 and x = 4, y = 3
e 2(x + 1)2 − 1
19 (−0.2, 1.4) and (1,−1)
f 2(x + 1.75)2 − 9.125
20 a x + y = 11, xy = 21.25
g 2(x − 0.75)2 + 3.875
b x = 2.5, y = 8.5 and x = 8.5, y = 2.5
3(   1 ) + 5 ___
2
21 17 cm and 23 cm h x − __   11 

6 12
_
22 6 √ 5  or 13.4 to 3 sf
5 a 9 − (x − 3)2
23 (0.5, 0)
_ b 25 − (x − 5)2
24 5 √ 2  or 7.07 to 3 sf
c 2.25 − (x − 1.5)2
25 (2, 2)
d 16 − (x − 4)2
26 y = −2x − 1
6 a 6 − (x + 1)2
b 12 − (x + 2)2
Exercise 2.2 c 16.25 − (x + 2.5)2
1 a min (2.5, −12.25), axis crossing points (−1, 0), (6, 0), d 9.25 − (x − 1.5)2
(0, −6)
7 a 13.5 − 2(x + 1.5)2
b min (0.5, −20.25), axis crossing points (−4, 0), (5, 0),
b 3 − 2 (x + 1)2
(0, −20)
c 15 − 2 (x − 2)2
c min (−2, −25), axis crossing points
  1   − 3(x − __
   )
2
(−7, 0), (3, 0), (0, −21) 5
4 ___
d
12 6
d min (−1.5, −30.25), axis crossing points (−7, 0), (4, 0),
(0, −28)
4(   1 ) + 4.75
2
8 a x + __
e min (−2,_ −3), axis crossing _
points 4
(− 2 − √ 3  , 0), (− 2 + √3  , 0), (0, 1) b No, since 4.75  0
f max (1, 16), axis crossing points 9 a 2(x − 2)2 − 7
(−3, 0), (5, 0), (0, 15) b (2,−7)
2 a (x − 4)2 − 16 10 a −5.25, 0.5
b (x − 5)2 − 25 b x  0.5
c (x − 2.5)2 − 6.25
  1  − 2 (x + 1 __
   )
2
3
11 11 __
a
d (x − 1.5)2 − 2.25 8 4
e (x − 2)2 − 4
  1 
b f(x)  11 __
f (x − 3.5) − 12.25
2 8
g (x + 4.5)2 − 20.25 12 a 18.5 − 2(x − 1.5)2
h (x + 1.5)2 − 2.25 b (1.5, 18.5)
3 a (x − 4)2 − 1 c ∩ shaped curve, vertex = (1.5, 18.5)
b (x − 5)2 − 30 13 a 13.25 − (x − 2.5)2
c (x − 3)2 − 7 b (2.5, 13.25), maximum
d (x − 1.5)2 + 1.75 c −7  f (x)  13.25
e (x + 3)2 − 4 d No, it is not a one-one function.
443
14 a 2(x − 2)2 − 5 e y
24
b x2
20
15 −0.75
16 a 5 − (x − 2)2 16
b (2, 5) maximum 12
_____
c One-one function, f −1(x) = 2 + √ 5 − x  where x ⩽ 5 8
4 y = |2x 2 – 11x – 6|
Exercise 2.3
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
1 a y
f y
5 8
4
3 y = |x 2 – 4x + 3| 6
2 y = |3x 2 + 5x – 2|
1 4
2
0 1 2 3 4 5x
b y –3 –2 –1 0 1x
6
2 a f (x) = 5 − (x + 2)2
5
4 b ∩ shaped curve, vertex = (−2, 5)
3 y = |x 2 – 2x – 3| c y
2 10
1 8
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x 6 y = |1 – 4x – x 2|
4
c y 2
6
5 –6 –4 –2 0 2 x
4
3 y = |x 2 – 5x + 4| 3 a f (x) = 2(x + 0.25)2 − 3.125
2 b y
1 6
5
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
4
3 y = |2x 2 + x – 3|
d y
12 2
11 1
10
9 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3x
8
7
6 y = |x 2 – 2x – 8| 4 a (3, 16)
5 y
4 b
3
2 15
1
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
10
5
y = |(x – 7)(x + 1)|
–2 0 2 4 6 8 x
c 0  k  16
444
Answers
5 a (−3, 4) d 3x5
b k4 e x  −2, x  3
6 a (5.5, 6.25) 5 a −5  x  3
b k = 6.25 b 0  x  2, 6  x  8
7 a x = −4, x = 4 c 0  x  2, 4  x  6
b x = −2, x = 0, x = 2
6   1   x  2
−1 __
c x = −1, x = 2, x = 3, x = 6 3
d x = −6, x = 4
___
5 − √ 33 
___
5 + √ 33 
Exercise 2.5
e x = _______
    , x = 1, x = 4, x = _______
   
2 2 1 a two equal roots
f x = −4, x = −2, x = −1, x = 1 b two distinct roots
___ ___
g x = −1 − √ 10  , x = −1, x = −1 + √ 10  c two distinct roots
__ __
1 + √ 7  −1 + √ 7  d no roots
h x = ______
    , x = ________
   
2 2
e two distinct roots
i x = 1, x = 3
f two equal roots
8 a (−1, 0), (2, 3), (4, 5)
g no roots
b (−2, 1), (−1, 1.5), (2, 3), (5, 4.5)
h two distinct roots
c (1, 2), (2, 4)
2 k = ±6
Exercise 2.4 3 k  0.5
4 k  __   1 
1 a x  −3, x  4 3
8
b 1x6 5 0, −  __ 
9
c x  −7, x  3 6 k  −1.5
d 0x5
7   2 
k  3 __
e −0.5  x  4 3
f −1  x  3 8 k = −10, k = 14
g −1.5  x  5 9 k = 1, k = 4
h −∞  x  ∞
i x=3 Exercise 2.6
2 a −7  x  2 1 k = −3, k = 5
b x  −3, x  2 2 k = −7, k = −3
c 4x5 3 c = ±4
d x  −8, x  6 4 k  1, k  5
e −2.5  x  3 5 a k = ±10
f x  −1, x  −0.8 b (−2, 6), (2, −6)
3 a −6  x  3 6 k  −5
b x  5, x  7 7 k  0.75
c x  0.5, x  1 8 −11  m  1
d −3  x  2 9 m = −2, m = −6
e x  −4, x  1
f −0.5  x  0.6 Past paper questions
4 a 3x5
1 3k4
b 1x⩽6
2 −1  x  0
c 0.5  x  1
445
2 (x − __
  1 ) + ___
2
47 y
3 a     c
4 8
47
  1 
b  ___ when x = __
8 4
3
4 k2
5 a   1 
− 5  x  __ x
4 –3 O 0.5
b i (x + 4)2 − 25
ii 25, −4 49
d  ___ 
8
iii y
i (x − __
   ) − ___
2
9 49
15    
2 4
ii ( __  , − ___

   )
9 49
2 4
9
iii y
16
14
–9 1 x
12
10
8
i (− __
  1  ,   __ ), (1, 0)
8 6
6
3 3
4
ii −3x + 6y = 7 2
9 (x − __
  2 ) + 1
2
7 a
3
O
–1–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
b (__
  2  , 1) iv ___49
   
3 4
8 a (−2, −4),( __
  4  , 10)
5
b (___
5 5)
12 
  12 ,   ___
Chapter 3
9 x  7 or x  −1 Pre-requisite Knowledge
10 x = 4, y = 8 1 3x3 − 8x2 + 19x − 10
x = −2, y = 2 2 (2x − 3) (x + 4)
11 k = 12, k = 4 3 a 122
1  , k = 9 b 370 remainder 2

k =  __
12
9 c 384 remainder 18
13 midpoint = (0.5, 10.5)
14 2(
a    ) − ___
x + __
5
2
49
   
Exercise 3.1
4 8
1 a 3x4 + 2x3 + 3x2
b (− __    )
5 49
    , − ___ b 9x4 + 2x3 + 7x2 − 2
4 8
c 3x4 − 4x3 − 3
d 6x7 + 3x6 + 4x5 + 5x4 − 2x3 + x2 − 1
2 a 8x4 − 4x3 + 2x2 + 3x − 2
b 3x4 + 8x3 + 4x2 − 3x − 2
c 3x5 + 5x4 − 3x3 + 7x2 + 8x − 20
d 3x5 + 12x4 + 13x3 + 3x2 − 4
446
Answers
e x4 − 10x3 + 29x2 − 20x + 4 c   1 

x = −4, x = −2 or x = __
3
f 27x3 − 27x2 + 9x − 1 d x = −4, x = 1 or x = 1.5
3 a 3x2 + x − 7 e x = −2, x = 0.5 or x = 3
b 2x3 + 17x2 + 21x − 4 1  or x = 1
f x = −4, x = −  __
2
c 2x5 + 5x4 − 8x3 − x2 − 19x
g x = −2, x = −1.5 or x = 0.5
4 a x3 + 7x2 + x − 4
h x = −4, x = 2.5 or x = 3
b 4x4 − 4x3 − 15x2 + 8x + 16 _
4 a x = 1 or x = − 3 ± √ 7 
c 8x4 − 8x3 − 32x2 + 17x + 32
5 1 √_
d 4x4 − 4x3 − 5x2 + 3x − 2 b x = −3 or x = − __
    ± __
    37 
2 _2
c x = 2 or x = − 2 ± √ 3 
Exercise 3.2 d x = 1.5, x = 1, x = −4
_
1 a x + 2x − 48
2
b x +x−1
2 5 2 ± √ 13 
x = −0.5 or x = −
c x2 − 15x + 25 d x2 + 2x + 1 6 x = −5.54, x = −3 or x = 0.54
e x + 4x − 5
2
f x −9
2 7 b x=2
2 a 3x2 + 2x − 1 b 2x2 + 3x − 2 8 a x3 − 4x2 − 7x + 10
c 3x2 − 5x − 10 d 3x2 + 4 b x3 + 3x2 − 18x − 40
3 a 3x2 − 4 b 2x2 − x + 5 c x3 + x2 − 6x
c x − 4 d x+3 9 a 2x3 − 11x2 + 10x + 8
4 a x3 − x2 + x − 1 b x2 + 2x + 4 b 2x3 − 7x2 + 7x − 2
c 2x3 − 9x2 − 8x + 15
Exercise 3.3 10 x3 + x2 − 7x − 3
11 2x3 − 9x2 + 6x − 1
2 a a = 29 b a = 546 c a = 12
_
3 b = −2 − 2a 1 ± √ 33 
12 b a = 2 or a = _______
   
8
4 a a = 0, b = −19
b a = 2, b = 38
Exercise 3.5
c a = −12, b = −7
1 a 5 b −1
5 a = −6
c 76 d 2
6 a = 13.5, b = 5.5
2 a a=5 b b = 57 c c = 11
7 a p = 1, q = 9
3 a = 4, b = 0
8 b a = 0, 1, 3
4 a = −6, b = −6
Exercise 3.4 5 a a = −8, b = 15

___ ___
−1 + √ 21  −1 − √ 21 
1 b (2x − 1) (x + 1) (x − 1) b x = 3, x = _________
    or x = _________
   
2 2
2 a (x − 2) (x2 + 4x + 5)
6 a a = −9, b = 2
b (x + 4) (x + 2) (x − 2)
b 5
c x (2x + 3) (x − 6)
7 b=2
d (x − 7) (x + 1) (x − 2)
8 a = 6, b = −3
e (2x + 1) (x − 3) (x − 4)
9 a b = 12 − 2a b a = 5, b = 2
f (x − 2) (x + 3) (3x − 1)
10 a k=5 b −72
g (2x − 1) (2x + 1) (x − 2)
11 a a = −8, b = −5 b −30
h (2x − 1) (x − 3) (x + 5)
12 k = 32
3 a x = −5, x = 1 or x = 7 _ _
− 7 + √ 13  − 7 − √ 13 
b x = 1, x = 2 or x = 3 13 b a = 3, a = ________
    or a = ________
   
6 6
447
14 a k=3 d x = −1 or x = 0
b −5 1  or x = __ 3
e x = −  __    
3 5
15 a = 2, b = −5, c = 7
6 2 
f x = −  __  or x = −  __
16 b k = −3 or k = 6 5 7
3
__
g x = −     or x = 7
5
Past paper questions __ 7
h x =    
4
1 ii (2x + 1) (x − 3) (x + 4)
14  or x = −  __ 6
1  or x = 3 i x =−  ___  
x = −4, x = −  __ 3 7
2
13 3
2 i a = 3, b = 2 2 x =  ___ or y = __
   
2 2
35 7 5
− ___
ii     3 x = − __
   or x = − __    
27 3 3
3 i −12 4 a x = ±2 or x = ±4
ii k = −2 c f (x)  −1
iii discriminant = −95 10
5 x = −2 or or x =  ___ 
3
4 a 0
6 x = 0, y = 5 or x = 2, y = 3
b (2x − 1) (x − 4) (x + 3) 5
7 x = 4, y = − __
   
  1  or x = 4
x = −3, x = __ 2
2
5 ii (2x − 1) (3x2 + 5x − 2)
c = 3, d = 5, e = −2 Exercise 4.2
iii (2x − 1) (3x − 1) (x + 2) 1 4x8
6 ii (x − 1) (x − 2) (x + 2)
2 2 a y
8
7 a = 10, b = −12 y= |3x – 6|
7
8 a a = 6, b = −24 6
b (2x + 1) (3x2 − 12) 5
4
c   1  , x = ± 2
x = − __ 3 y = |4 – x|
2
2
1
Chapter 4 O
–1–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
Pre-requisite Knowledge b x  1 or x  __
5
   
2
1 4  or x = 2
a x = −  __ 3 a x  −1 or x  4
3
b x=3 13
−1  x   ___ 
b
5
2 a x = −3 or x = 2
10
b x=1 2  x   ___ 
c
3
3 x = −7 or x = 5 d x  2 or x  5
7
e x  −3 or x   __ 
Exercise 4.1 f
− 1  x  6
3
1   1 
a x = 1 or x = __ 4   x  2
3 4 a  __
3
1 
b x = −  __
2 b x  __  2 
3
7
c x = −1 or x = __    
3 c x    1 
__
4
448
Answers
5 a x  −1 or x   1 
 __ c shaped curve, axis intercepts
5
1 (−1, 0), (2, 0), (0, −2) where (−1, 0) is a maximum point
b __
x  −    
2 d shaped curve, axis intercepts
(2, 0), (    , 0), (0, 40) where (2, 0) is a
1
__ 10
c      x  1 ___
2 3
3 minimum point
d x  −1 or x  − __
   
5
5 a y
e −1  x  3
6
f −3  x  1
3
6 x  __
a    
2
3
x  −  __ 
b
2
3 –1 O 1 2 3 x
c x  −2 or x  − __
   
2
d −6  x  0 b y
e −14  x  2
f   1  or x  3
x  − __ 20
2
7 a −7  x  1
2   x  4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 x
b  __
5
c
x  − 2or x   1 
 __ c y
4
k
8 x  __
   
2
k 7k
9 x  __
   or x  ___
   
5 3
10   4   x  __
− __   4 
3 3 x
–3 O 3
y
Exercise 4.3 d y = |3(x − 2)2 (x + 1)| 20
1 A (−1, 0), B (2, 0), C (3, 0), D (0, 6)

2 a shaped curve, axis intercepts 10
(−3, 0), (2, 0), (4, 0), (0, 24)
b shaped curve, axis intercepts
(−2, 0), (−1, 0), (3, 0), (0, 6)
–4 –2 0 2 x
c shaped curve, axis intercepts
(−2, 0), (   1  , 0) , (2, 0), (0, −4)

− __ 6 a shaped curve, axis intercepts
2
(−3, 0), (0, 0), (3, 0)
d shaped curve, axis intercepts
(−2, 0), (1, 0), (     , 0), (0, −6)
3 (−3, 0), (−2, 0), (1, 0), (0, −6)
__
2
c shaped curve, axis intercepts
A(__
   , 0), B (0, 14)
7
(−4, 0), (   1  , 0), (3, 0), (0, 12)
3
2 __
2
4 a shaped curve, axis intercepts
d shaped curve, axis intercepts
(−2, 0) and (0, 0) where (0, 0) is a minimum point
(−3, 0), (     , 0), (4, 0), (0, −60)
5
− __
shaped curve, axis intercepts (     , 0)
5
b __ 2
2
and (0, 0) where (0, 0) is a minimum point
449
√
__
2  
__
7 a y h x = ±  
3
i x = −1, x = 2
2 a x = ±0.356, x = ±2.81
b x = ±2.32
x c x = ±1.16
0 5 7
d x = −1.11, x = 1.42
e x = 1.26, x = −0.693
b (0, 0), (4, 12), (7, 0) f x = ±1.40
8 a y 3 a x = 4, x = 25
b x = 16
c x=9
x
d x = 25
9 9
e x =  ___  , x =  __ 
16 4
25
f x =  ___ 
9
blue curve axis intercepts: (−2, 0), (−1, 0), 1  , x = 16
g x =  __
(2 )
4
  1  , 0 , (0, −2)
__
1  , x = 25
h x =  __
red curve axis intercepts: (−1, 0), (4, 0), (0, 4) 9
b (−3, −14), (−1, 0), (1, 6) i 1  , x = 16
x =  __
4
9 a = 1, b = 2 and k = −2
27
10 a = −1, b = 1, c = 2, k = −3 4 x =  ___  or x = 8
8
__
5 a 5√ x  = x + 4
Exercise 4.4 b (1, 1), (16, 4)
1 a x  −1 or 0  x  2 6 a x = 1 or x = 2
b x  2.15 b x = 0 or x = 2
c x  −1.4 or 1  x  1.4 c x = −1 or x = 2
2 a x2 d x = −1 or x = 2
b x  −2 e x = −2 or x = 3
f x = −1
c −1.9  x  0.35 or x  1.5
7 x = −2
3 a x  2.5
8 x = 1 or x = 2
b −1  x  1 or x  2
9 x = −4, x = −3, x = 0 or x = 1
c x  −0.8 or 0.55  x  2.32
Past paper questions and practice

Exercise 4.5
questions
1 a x = ±2, x = ±1
_ 8
b x = ± √ 2  1 x = __
    or x = 2
5
c x = ±4, x = ±2 2 x  −3 or x  4
_
d x = ± √ 2 
_
3   4   x  2
__
e x = ± √ 7  5
f x = ±3 1   x  1
_ √
_
4  __
3  2
g x = ± √ 2 , x = ±
___
   
2
5 1 
x  −  __
2
450
Answers
6   2 
−6  x  − __ 17 x  −2.5, x  3
3
18 a y
k
7 x  − __
   
2
8 a x = −1 or x = 27
b y = −1 or y = 3
–1 O 2 4 x
9 shaped curve, axis intercepts (0, 0),
(
    , 0), (4, 0)
3
__
2
–24
10 shaped curve, axis intercepts b x  −1 or 2  x  4
(−1, 0), __ (2 )
  1  , 0 , (3, 0), (0, 6)
19 1  (x + 2) (x + 1) (x − 5)
a y = − __
2
11 x  −0.91 or 0.77  x  2.14 b −2  x  −1 or x  5
12 a shaped curve, axis intercepts (−2, 0), (1, 0), 20 p (x) = ±3 (x + 2) (x + 1) (x − 4)
(4, 0), (0, 8)
21 a a = 2, b = 1, c = −1
b y
b x  −1.45 or −0.4  x  0.85
8
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 x Chapter 5
13 a x (x − 2) (x + 3)
Pre-requisite Knowledge
(−3, 0), (0, 0), (2, 0) 1 y
14 a y y = 2x
1
x O x
–1 0 3
–3
2 y f(x)
b 2 1 f –1(x)
15 a (x + 4) (2x − 1) (x − 3)
O x
b shaped curve, axis intercepts 1
(−4, 0), (   1  , 0), (3, 0), (0, 12)

__
2
16 a y
3 a 6 b 2 c 3
0 x
4 6
Exercise 5.1
1 a lg 1000 = 3 b lg 100 = 2
c lg 1 000 000 = 6 d x = lg 2
e x = lg 15 f x = lg 0.06
b (0, 0), (2, 16), (8, −128)
451
2 a 1.88 b 2.48
Exercise 5.3
c 2.86 d 1.19
1 a log2 15 b log3 6
e −1.70 f −2.30
c log5 64 d log7 2
3 a 105 = 100 000 b 101 = 10
e log3 20 f log7 (__
  1 )
c   1  
10 −3 = _____ d x = 107.5 2
1000
e x = 101.7 f x = 10−0.8 g log4 12 h lg (___
  1  )
20
4 a 126 000 b 1450 i log4 6.4
c 145 d 0.501 2 a 3 b 2
e 0.0316 f 0.00145 c 1 d 1
5 a 4 b −2 e 1.5 f −2
c 0.5 1 
d  __ 4 
3 a log5 36 b log2  __
3 3
e 1.5 f 2.5
4 a 24, 2−2 b −2
5 a 2 b 3
Exercise 5.2 c −3 d −1
1 a log4 64 = 3 b log2 32 = 5 6 a 5u b u−2
3
c log5 125 = 3 d log6 36 = 2 c   1  u
1 + __ d  __  u − 3
2 2
e ( 32 )
  1   = −5
log2 ___ f log3 ___ ( 81 )
  1   = −4 7 a 1+x b 2−x
g log a b = 2 h log x 4 = y c x + 2y d 4x + y
i log a c = b 8 a −8 b −5.5
2 a 2 =4 2
b 2 = 64 6 c 13 d 34
c 50 = 1 d 32 = 9 9 a 8 b 20
_
  1  _
  1 
e 36  = 6
2 f 8  = 2
3 c 14 d 0
g x0 = 1 h x y = 8
i ac = b Exercise 5.4
3 a 16 b 9
__ 1 a x=5 b x = 7.5
c 625 d √3 
c x = 25 d x = 77
e 12 f 3
2 a x = 12 b x=8
g 17 h 4
c x = 10 d x=3
i −41
e x = 0.7 f x = 7.5
4 a 2 b 4
c 3 d −2 3 a x = 2, 8 b x=5
e 5 f 3.5 c x=6 d x=4

3
g 2.5 h −1.5 e x=3   1 , x = __
f x = __    
4 2
i 0.5 j −0.5 g x=5 h x = 20
1
k  __  l −0.5 4 a x = 16 b x=4
3
__
1  2 
c x =  __ d x = √ 3 
5 a 2 b  __ 3
3
c 1.5 d −2 5 a x = 5, x = 25
e −6 f 3.5 1  , x = 3125
b x =  ____
125
2  7
g  __ h  __ 
3 6 c   1  , x = 15 625
x = ____
125
6 a 8 b 625
  1  , x = 16
d x = ____
512
452
Answers
6 a x = 4, y = 16 2 1
a  __ 2 
b  __
u  u
b x = 20, y = 10 1   3
c  ___ d  ___ 
c x = 4, y = 12 2u 2u
d x = 40, y = 16 3 1
a  __ b 1+x
x 
e a = 6.25, b = 2.5 c 2x d 4 + 2x
f x = 1.25, y = 2.5 4 a 4 b 0.4
7 b lg x = 8, lg y = 2 1 
5  __
3
6 a x = 23 b x = 23
Exercise 5.5 1  log x
7 a  __ 2
b x = 256
2
1 a x = 6.13 b x = 2.73
8 a x = 16 b x=9
c x = 0.861 d x = 2.41
c x = 1.59 d x = 1.87
e x = 2.65 f x = 1.66
9 1  
a  _____ b x = 3, x = 9
g x = 6.90 h x = 5.19 log3 x
i x = 1.15 j x = −13.4
10   1  , x = 27
a x = ___ b x=5
k x = 0.641 l x = 0.262 27
2 b 2x = 10 c x =   1  , x = 4
____ d x = 16, x = 64
256
c x = 3.32
e x = __   1 , x = 512 f y = 25
3 a x = 0.415 b x = 2.42 2
c x = 2.46 d x = 1.63 11 1  log x
a  __ 1  log y
b  __
2 2
2 3
e x = 1.03
c x = 32, y = 2
4 x = −0.751, x = 1.38
12 x = 6.75, y = 13.5
5 a x = 0, 1.46 b x = 1.40
c x = 2.32 d x = 0.683
6 x = 0.683, x = 1.21
Exercise 5.7
7 a x = 1.58 1 a 7.39 b 4.48
b x = 0.257, x = 0.829 c 1.22 d 0.0498
c x = 0.631, x = 1.26 2 a 1.39 b 0.742
d x = 0.792, x = 0.161 c −0.357 d −0.942
8 a x = 2.32 3 a 5 b 8
b x = 1.16 c 6 d −2
c x = 0.631, x = 1.26 4 a x=7 b x = 2.5
d x = 0.431, x = 1.43 c x=6 d x = 0.05
9 a 15x = 0.6 b x = −0.189 5 a x = 4.25 b x = 1.67
10 a x = 1.26 b x = 2.81 c x = 1.77 d x = 1.30
c x = ±1.89 d x = ±2.81 6 a x = ln 7 b x = ln 3
11 x  log2 3 5 + ln 3 1 + ln 8
c x = _______
    d x = _______
   
2 3
Exercise 5.6 7 a x = 20.1 b x = 0.135
c x = 1100 d x = 12.5
1 a 3.32 b 3.18
8 a x = 3.49 b x = −2.15
c 1.29 d −3.08
c x = 0.262
1 + ln 7
9 a x = 3 + e2 b x = _______
   
2
453
c x = 2 ln 2   ln 2 
d x = ____ c asymptote: x = 4, x-intercept: (3.5, 0), y-intercept: (0, ln 8)
2
d asymptote: x = −1, x-intercept: (−0.5, 0), y-intercept:
e x = 2 ln 2, ln 5 f x = ln 2, ln 3
(0, 2 ln 2)
10 a x = 1.79
e asymptote: x = 2, x-intercept: (2.5, 0)
b x = 0, 1.39
asymptote: x = 1.5, x-intercept: (1  __
3 )
f 2 , 0
c x = −3.69, x = 4.38
  12 , y = __
a x = __   1e 
11
e Exercise 5.11
b x = ln 0.6, y = ln 0.12
1 a f −1 (x) = ln (x − 4) , x  4
12 x = 0.822
b f −1 (x) = ln (x + 2) , x  −2
13 x = 0, x = 0.4
f −1 (x) = ln (_____
5 )
x+1
__ __
ln 5 c     , x  −1
14 x = √ 2 , x = − √ 2 , x = ____
   
2
2 ( 3 )
x−1
1  ln _____
d f −1 (x) =  __    , x  1
Exercise 5.8
e f −1 (x) = ln ( _____
5 )
x−3
 , x  3
1 a 409 600 b 16.61
3 ( 4 )
x−5
1  ln _____
2 a 43 000 b 2091 f f −1 (x) = −  __    , x  5
3 a 0.0462 b 724 g f −1 (x) = ln (2 − x), x  2

4 a 500 b 82.6
2 ( 2 )
5−x
1  ln _____
h f −1 (x) = −  __    , x  5
c 2.31
5 a $250 000 b 0.112
2 a f −1 (x) = ex − 1
c 6.19 years
b f −1 (x) = ex + 3
6 4 
a  __ c f −1 (x) = e0.5x − 2
3
81   1  (e0.5x − 1)
d f −1 (x) = __
b  ___ , A0 represents the area of the patch at 2
80
the start of the measurements
  1  (e   3  x+ 5)
e f −1 (x) = __
_1
c 6.72 days 2
f   1  (e−0.2x + 1)
f −1 (x) = __
3
Exercise 5.10
3 a f (x)  1
1 a asymptote: y = −4, y-intercept: (0, −2) x-intercept: (ln 2, 0)
  1  ln (x − 1)
b f −1 (x) = __
b asymptote: y = 6, y-intercept: (0, 9) 2
c asymptote: y = 2, y-intercept: (0, 7) c x1
d asymptote: y = 6, y-intercept: (0, 8) d x
e asymptote: y = −1, y-intercept: (0, 2), x-intercept: (ln 3, 0) 4 a i 5x ii x + ln 5
__
f asymptote: y = 4, y -intercept: (0, 2), x-intercept: (− ln 2, 0) b x = √ 5 
g asymptote: y = 1, y-intercept: (0, 5) 5 a i x3 ii 3x
h asymptote: y = 8, y-intercept: (0, 10) 1  ln 2
b  __
2
i asymptote: y = 2, y-intercept: (0, 1),
6 a (2x + 1)2 b x = ln 2
x-intercept: (   1  ln 2, 0)
__
4
2 a asymptote: x = −2, x-intercept: (−1.5, 0), y-intercept: Past paper questions

(0, ln 4)
1 a 5y2 − 7y + 2 = 0
b asymptote: x = 2, x-intercept: (2  __
3 )
1 , 0
b x = 0, x = −0.569
454
Answers
2 x = 5.8, y = 2.2
Exercise 6.1
3 1  log x
a  __ b y = 125a
3 1 a 3 b 4 c 10
3
d 13 e 5 f 25
4 i −2 _ _ _
√74 
g √13 
h i 12 √2 
ii −n __ __ ___
2 a 2 √ 5  , 3 √ 5  , √ 65  ; right-angled
iii y = 5 _ _
2 √ 13 , 10, 4 √ 10 ; not right-angled
b
iv x = 10 _ _ _
4 √ 5 , 3 √ 5 , 5 √ 5 ; right-angled
c
5 a i y
4 5 and −5
5 1 and 3
6 a (6, 4) b (6.5, 7)
O x c (3, 8) d (0.5, 1.5)
1n5
e (−4.5, −2.5) f (3a, b)
–4 7 a = 18, b = −8
8 a (0, 4.5) b (1, 1)
9 k=3
ii k  −5
10 A (−5, 2) , B (9, 4), C (−3, 6)
5
b  __  log a 2
2
c x = 36
Exercise 6.2
6 a p = 5, q = 2 b x=4 1 a −2 b −3 c 0
3
7 a i x = −0.99(012 …) ii y = 4.5 d   1 
3 __ 1 
e  __ f −  __ 
3 3 4
b log2(  __
q )
p
5
2 a   1 
− __ b 2 c − __
   
3 2
8 x = 12
9 a log 3 pq b a = 5, a = √5 
3 __ d   4 
− __ 2 
e  __
5 5
10 a x = 6.19 b y = −0.281
2  3
3 a  __ b −  __ 
3 __ 3 2
√  e 1  
11 x = ___
    or x =  ___
5 5e 4 (−3, −1)
12
a i both x + 3  0 and 2x − 1  0, 3
6 − __
a   1 
    , − __
hence x  __  1  5 2
2 b not collinear
__
ii y = −3 + √ 6 
7 k=5
b 2 + 3 log a 9
8 k = 1 or k =2
9 C (11, 0)
Chapter 6
Exercise 6.3
1 a y = 3x − 13 b y = −4x + 7
3
1 a 10 b  __  c (0, 2)
4 c   1  x + 1
y = − __
2
1  3
2 −  __
a b   1  x + __
y = − __     2 a 2y = 5x − 11 b 3x + 2y = 9
2 2 2
c x + 2y = 1
3 a y = 2x − 10 b x + 2y = −8
c 2y = 3x − 15 d x + 4y = 0
455
a
  2 , Y = ln y, X = ln x, m = − __
a
4 a 4x − 5y = −17 b (0, 3.4) ln y = − __
e     ln x + __   2 
   , c = __
b b b b
c 3.4 units2 f lg x = −y lg a + lg b, Y = lg x, X = y, m = −lg a, c = lg b
5 a y = −2x b 3x + 4y = 2 g x2 = −by + ln a, Y = x2, X = y, m = −b, c = ln a
c 5x + 7y = −26 h ln y = bx + ln a, Y = ln y, X = x, m = b, c = ln a
a P(−1  __
2 ) ( 4)
6 1  , 0 , Q 0, 2  __
1 
_
Exercise 6.6
3 √ 13 
b  _____
4
  1 a y = 2x b   1  x 3 + 3
y = __
5
c 1.6875 units2
  1  x 4 +  ___
11 
_
c
y = √x + 1 y = − __
d
7 a (2, 3) b 3y = 2x + 5 2 2
5 27
8 a (5, 6) b k=8 e y = −2 × 2x + 7 y = − __
f     ln x + ___
   
4 4
9 a y = −2x + 13 b (6, 1)
_ _
6 √5 , 3 √ 5 
c d 45 units2 2 a i 1  
y =  ______
x2 + 1
10 a i 2x + 3y = 14 ii   1  x
y = __
2
  1 
ii y = __
b (4, 2) 5
b i y = 2x2 + 3x
Exercise 6.4 ii y = 14
8
c i y = __
  x  − 1
1 a 27.5 units2 b 22 units2
ii y = 3
2 a 54.5 units2 b 76 units2
d i
y = ( 13 − 2x 2) 2
3 a k = −9 b 50 units2
ii y = 25
4 a (−1, 1.5), (2, −4.5)
5 9
e i y =  __  x 2 − x − __
   
c 22.5 units2 4 2
5 a (4, 5), (0, −3) b 20 units2 3
ii y = − __    
2
6 a (0, −7) b 60 units2
f i y = x0.5 + x−0.5
7 a (7.5, 9) b 38.25 units2 _
3 √ 2 
8 a (2, 2), (4, −2), (0, 6) b 40 units2 ii y = ____
   
2
9 a (5.5, 1) b (6, 7) c 116 units2
3 y = −2x5 + 16x2
4 a y2 = 3(2x) + 25
Exercise 6.5 b x=5
1 a y = ax2 + b, Y = y, X = x2, m = a, c = b 5 a y = −2x2 + 8x
b xy = ax2 + b, Y = xy, X = x2, m = a, c = b b x = 2.5, y = 7.5
y y
c  __ __
x  = ax − b, Y =   x , X = x, m = a, c = −b 6 a ey = x2 + 1
x x b y = ln (x2 + 1)
x = − b __
d   y  + a, Y = x, X = __
  y , m = −b, c = a
_ _ 3
e
y √x = ax + b, Y = y √ x , X = x, m = a, c = b 7 lg y = __
a     x − 7
2
f x2y = bx2 + a, Y = x2y, X = x2, m = b, c = a _3
x x b y = 10 −7 × 10  2 x

g  __ __
y  = ax + b, Y =   y , X = x, m = a, c = b _
  3 
8 a y = 100 × x 2
_ _
√
x √
x
h  ___
y  = ax − b ,
Y = ___
  y , X = x, m = a, c = −b b x = 0.64
2 a lg y = ax + b, Y = lg y, X = x, m = a, c = b 9 a ln y = 3 ln x − 1
x 3
b ln y = ax − b, Y = ln y, X = x, m = a, c = −b y = ___
b   e 
c lg y = b lg x + lg a, Y = lg y, X = lg x, m = b, c = lg a 10 a ln y = 12.7
d lg y = x lg b + lg a, Y = lg y, X = x, m = lg b, c = lg a b a = e12.7, b = −2
456
Answers
Exercise 6.7 7 i A = −2, B = 3 ii y = 0.1

iii x = 0.876
1 a x 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
y = ( ___
x + 4)
4
10
8
xy 0.5 3 5.51 8 10.5
9 i ln y = ln A + x ln b
y = 5 − __
c 2
  x   ii ln y = 1.4x + 2.2, A = 9, b = 4
d x = 0.8, y = 2.5 iii y = 400
2 a   1 
__
x
10 5 3.33 2.5 2
  1 
__
y
9.01 6.49 5.68 5.29 5 Chapter 7
c  
2x
y = ______   Pre-requisite Knowledge
1 + 8x
1 a −1 b 1
d x = 0.222 (3 s.f.)
2 (2, 6)
3 b 12 
y = 0.8x +  ___
x
c x = 0.6, y = 20.48 or x = −0.6, y = −20.48 3   4 
a __ b (0, −8) c (10, 0)
5
4 b m0 =50, k = 0.02 4 a (x − 3)2 − 6
__ __
c m = 29.1 b x = 3 − √ 6  or x = 3 + √ 6 
5 b k = 3, n = 0.7
6 b a = 5, b = 1.6 Exercise 7.1
7 b a = 1.8, n = 0.5
1 a centre (0, 0), radius 5
8 b a = 0.2, b = 3
b centre (0, 0), radius 9
c 4.56 __
c centre (0, 0), radius 4 √ 3 
9 b a = −1.5, b = 1.8 _
d centre (0, 0), radius 4 √2 
c 8.61
e centre (0, 3), radius 1
10 b a = 3.6, b = −0.1
f centre (5, 0), radius 3
c gradient = 3.6, intercept = 0.1 _
g centre (−7, 0), radius 3 √2 
11 b y=e ×x 3 −0.8
h centre (−1, 2), radius 10
c gradient = −0.8, intercept = 3
i centre (2, −4), radius 3
_
j centre (−3, −4), radius 3 √3 
Past paper questions 2 a x2 + y2 = 16
1 a y=7 b (x − 3)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 36
b 3x + 4y = 31 c (x − 2)2 + ( y + 5)2 = 20
c 12.5 units 2
  1 ) + (y + __
d (x + __    ) = 16
2 2
3
2 b allow −1.4 to −1.6 2 2
c allow 13 to 16 3 a centre (2,−5), radius 2
3 i 2x + 3y = 14 b centre (−7,4), radius 5
3
ii y + 2 = __
    (x − 10) c centre (−2,−6), radius 6
_ 2
√
__
iii
65  d centre (1, 8), radius 4 √ 2 
4 x + 3y = 2
e centre( __
  1  , 2), radius 2
5 i (0, 3.5) ii (3, 5) 2
centre (    ) , radius 2√ 2 

__
iii 2x + y = 11 iv (0, 11) 3
f − 3, __
2
6 a a=4 b (−9, 16)
457
4 (x − 3)2 + ( y − 2)2 = 25 20 One possible set of equations is:
5 (x − 10)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 41 (x + 1)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 1,
6 y (x − 1)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 1

_
12 x 2 + ( y − 1 − √ 3  ) 2 = 1,
_ _ 2
x 2 + (y − 1 − ___

   )  = (
3 )
10 √
3 
2
2 √ 3 
1 + ____
   
3
8
6 Exercise 7.2
4 1 a (0, 4), (4, 4)
b (−2, −3), (1, 0)
2
c (−3, −3), (−1, 1)
–4 –2 O 2 4 6 8 10 x d (−2, −3), (1.4, 3.8)

–2 2 a intersect
b intersect
–4
c touch
7 (x + 3)2 + ( y − 2)2 = 9
d do not intersect
8 (x + 4)2 + ( y − 7)2 = 75
__
e do not intersect
centre = (−4, 7), radius 5 √ 3  _
3 6 √ 2 
10 (x − 2) + ( y + 4) = 13
2 2
4 (−6, 5)
11 (x − 2)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 17 5 Touch internally, (−7, 0)
__
12 (x − 4)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 26 and 6 a 4√ 5  b 2x + y = 30
(x + 2)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 26
8 b 4x + 3y = 49
13 (x − 5)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 25 and
9 a (3, 0), (1, 4)
(x − 5)2 + ( y + 10)2 = 25
1  x + 1
y =  __
b
14 4x + 5y = 42
2 _ _ _ _
15 (x − 3)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 25 (6 − 2 √ 5  , 4 − √ 5  ), (6 + 2 √ 5  , 4 + √ 5  )
c
_
16 b (x − 6)2 + y2 = 65 10 √ 5 
d
17 a (x − 8)2 + ( y − 5)2 = 20 10 a (3, 2)
b (x + 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 37
c x2 + ( y − 5)2 = 25
   ) + (y − __
d (x − __   1 ) = ___
2 2
7 25
   
2 2 2
e (x + 3)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 25
18 One possible set of equations is:
x2 + ( y − 1)2 = 1, (x + 2.2)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 1,
(x − 1.1)2 + y2 = 1, (x + 1.1)2 + y2 = 1
__
19 a 1 + √ 2 
b One possible set of equations is:
(x + 1) 2 + ( y + 1)2 = 1,
(x + 1)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 1
(x − 1) 2 + ( y + 1)2 = 1,
(x − 1)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 1
_ 2
x  2 + y 2 = (1 + √ 2  )

458
Answers
b (0, 1) 2 a 90° b 30° c 15°

d 20° e 120° f 144°
g 126° h 75° i 27°
j 162° k 216° l 540°
m 315° n 480° o 810°
3 a 0.559 b 0.960 c 1.47
d 2.15 e 4.31
4 a 74.5° b 143.2° c 58.4°
3
  2   m  __
11 − __     d 104.9° e 33.2°
3 2
12 (x − 18) + ( y − 5) = 25 and (x − 8) + ( y − 10) = 100
2 2 2 2
5 a Degrees 0 45 90 135 180
π π 3π
Radians 0   __    __    ___  π
Practice questions 4 2 4
1 a (−3, 8) Degrees 225 270 315 360

b y = 6x − 11 5π 3π 7π 2π
__ __ Radians   ___    ___    ___ 
c x = 2 − √ 2 , x = 2 + √ 2  4 2 4
2 a 10x − 4y = 41 Degrees 0 30 60 90 120
b
b p = 3.5 π π π 2π
Radians 0   __    __    __    ___ 
c x2 + y2 − 7x + 3y = 0 6 3 2 3
3 a y = 2x + 10
Degrees 150 180 210 240 270
b (x − 9)2 + ( y − 3)2 = 145
5π π 7π 4π 3π
4 (x − 5)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 50 Radians   ___    ___    ___    ___ 
_
6 6 3 2
5 2 √ 13 
a
b (x − 3)2 + ( y − 4)2 = 52 Degrees 300 330 360
c 2x + 3y − 44 = 0 5π 11π 2π
Radians   ___    ____
 
__ 3 6
6 a centre = (2, 5), radius = 5√ 2 
___ ___
b y = 5 − √ 46 , y = 5 + √ 46  6 a 0.964 b 1.03 c 0.932
7 (4, 3) d 1 e 0.5 f 1
7 12.79°
Chapter 8 Exercise 8.2

3π
Pre-requisite Knowledge 1 a   __  cm
2
b 2π cm
4  π cm
a  __
10
b  ___  π cm2 15π
1
3 3 c   ___ cm
  d 15π cm
4
Exercise 8.1 2 a 9.6 cm b 2 cm

3 a 1.25 rad b 1.5 rad
π π 2π
1 a   ___  b   __  c   __ 
18 9 9 4 a 12.4 cm b 32 cm c 31 cm
5π π 2π
d   ___  e   ___  f   __ 
18 12 3 5 a 10 cm b 1.85 rad c 38.5 cm
3π 5π
g   __  h   __  i 2π 6 a 23 cm b 18.3 cm c 41.3 cm
4 4
4π 5π
j 4π k   __  l   __  7 a 13.6 cm b 21.1 cm c 34.7 cm
9 3
π 5π 7π
m   ___  n   ___  o   __ 
20 12 6
459
Exercise 8.3
1 a 6π cm2
135
 π cm 2
b  ____
Chapter 9
2
135 Pre-requisite Knowledge
c 35π cm2  π cm 2
d  ____
4 _
_ √
r 2− 4 
1 √r 2− 4 
a b   _______r 
2 a 10.4 cm 2
b 4.332 cm 2
_
3 a 1.11 rad b 1.22 rad 2  √
r 2− 4 
c  __
r d   _______  
4 a 0.8 rad b 40 cm2 2
π 3π
5 r (75 − r) 2 a i   __  ii   __  iii 3π
6 4
_
π 81
6 9 √2  cm
a b   __  c  ___ π cm 2
2 2 b i 60° ii 210° iii 80°
7 a 1.24 rad b 89.3 cm 2
c 121 cm 2
3 a
0, −6   1 
b − 5, __
2
8 a 1 rad b 49.8 cm 2
c 17.8 cm 2
9 a 24.3 cm2 b 37.7 cm2 c 13.4 cm2

_ Exercise 9.1
10 54π − 36 √ 2  cm
b 2
_ _
2 √ 13  3 √ 13  4  
3 1 a  _____   b  _____   c  ___
11 a  __  rad b 18 cm 2
13 13 13
7 _
12 a 4.39 cm b 2.40 cm 7 + √ 13 
d 1 e  _______
 
9
c 15.5 cm d 15.0 cm2
_
13 34.4 cm √
23 
2 a  ____ 
14 a 45.5 cm2 b 57.1 cm2 5
_
c 80.8 cm 2
d 21.7 cm2 √ 46 
b  ____ 
23
15 14.6 cm2
23
c  ___ 
25
Past paper questions _
2 + √ 23 
√
_
d  ________
 
1 a 0.4x2 5
_ _
b 19.8 or 19.9 cm 23 √ 2 − 2 √ 23 
____________
e      
c 24.95 to 25 cm2 10
_ _
2 i All sides are equal to the radii of the circles, which are also 4 √ 3  _
4 √ 3 
3 a  ____  b 4 √ 3  c  ____ 
equal 7 _
7
7 − 196 √ 3 
2π d 1 e  _________
 
ii   __  48
3
iii 58.2 or 58.3 cm 1  2 
4 a  __ b 3 c  __
iv 148 cm2 2 3
_ _ _
3 i 19.3 cm ii 79.1 cm2 iii 57.5 cm √ 3 + √ 2  3 √ 2 − 3 2 
d  _______   e  _______   f  __
2 2 7
π
4 i   __ 
4 _
√ 2  1 
iii 11.6 cm 5 a  ___  b  __
4 2
iv 1.08  Area  1.11 _ _
√ 6  − 6 + 10 √ 3 
c  ___  d  __________
 
5 a 0.927 rad b 33.3 cm c 71.9 cm 2
3 3
_ _ _
6 a 35.6 cm b 68.0 cm 2 − √ 2  f 2 √ 3 − √ 6 
2
e
7 a 30π cm2 b 10.9 cm
8 i 1.91 cm 2
ii 12.0 cm
460
Answers
Exercise 9.2 i y
13π
1 a 9
y
x
4π
110° 9
70°
x
j y
b y π
8 x
–5π
8
x
60°
–60°
2 a second b fourth
c third d third
c y e third f first
220° g fourth h third
x i first j first
40°
Exercise 9.3
d y 1 a −sin 40° b cos 35°
c −tan 40° d cos 25°
π
x e tan 60° f sin   __ 
45° 5
–135° π π
− tan   __ 
g h cos   __ 
4 6
π π
e − tan   __ 
i j sin   __ 
y 3 4
_ _
√ 21  √ 21 
60° 2 a
−  ____   b
−  ____  
x 2 5
_
–300° √
3  1 
3 a
___
    b
−  __
2 2
12  5
f y 4 a
−  ___ b
−  ___ 
13 12
π 3π
_ _
4 4 2 √ 13  3 √ 13 
x 5 a
−  _____   b
−  _____  
13 13
4  3
6 a
−  __ b
−  __ 
5 5
_
g y √ 6  _
c
−  ___  d
√ 2 
7π 3
6
5 12 
π x 7 a
___
    b
−  ___
13 5
6
c 4 
−  __ d 4 
−  __
5 3
h y
π
Exercise 9.4
3 1 a i amplitude = 7, period = 360°, (0, 7), (180, −7),
x
(360, 7)
– 5π
3 ii amplitude = 2, period = 180°, (45, 2), (135, −2),
(225, 2), (315, −2)
461
iii amplitude = 2, period = 120°, (0, 2), (60, −2), 9 a = 9, b = 4, c = 6

(120, 2), (180, −2), (240, 2), (300, −2), (360, 2) 10 a A = 2, B = 5
iv amplitude = 3, period = 720°, (180, 3) b 3
v amplitude = 4, period = 360°, (0, 5), (180, −3), c y
(360, 5) 6 y = 2 + 3 cos 5x
5
vi amplitude = 5, period = 180°, (45, 3), (135, −7), (225, 4
3), (315, −7) 3
2
π 3π
amplitude = 4, period = 2π,   __  , 4 , (
  __ , −4)
1
(2 )
2 a i 0
2
–1 90 180 270 360 x
2π π –2
(3 )
ii amplitude = 1, period =   __ , ( 0, 1),   __  , −1 ,
3
11 a A = 1, B = 3, C = 4
2π 4π 5π
(  __  , 1), ( π, −1), (
  __ , 1), (
  __ , −1), (2π, 1) y
3 3 3 b
5 y = 1 + 3 sin 4x
2π π π 4
3 (6 ) (2 )
iii amplitude = 2, period =   __ ,   __  , 2 ,   __  , −2 , 3
2
5π 7π 3π 11π
  __ , 2), (  ___
(  __  , 2), (  __ , −2), (  , −2)
1
6 6 2 6 0
–1 90 180 270 360 x
–2
iv amplitude = 3, period = 4π, (0, 3), (2π, −3) –3
π 3π 5π
amplitude = 1, period = π,   __  , 4 , (  __ , 2), (  __ , 4),
(4 )
v 12 b 2
4 4
7π 13 b 2
(  __  , 2)
4 14 b 4
π
(2 )
vi amplitude = 4, period = π, (0, 3),   __  , −5 , (π, 3),
π
Exercise 9.5
(     , −5), (2π, 3)
3__
2 1 a f (x)  0
3 a = 2, b = 4, c = 1 b 0  f (x)  1 c 0  f (x)  3
4 a = 3, b = 2, c = 4 d 0  f (x)  1 e 0  f (x)  2
5 a = 3, b = 2, c = 3 f 0  f (x)  2 g 1  f (x)  3
6 a i period = 90°, x = 45°, x = 135°, x = 225°, x = 315° h 0  f (x)  6 i 0  f (x)  7
ii period = 360°, x = 180° 2 c 4
iii period = 60°, x = 30°, x = 90°, x = 150°, x = 210°, 3 c 2
x = 270°, x = 330°
4 c 3
π π 3π 5π 7π 9π
7 a i period =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ ,
4 8 8 8 8 8 5 b 2
11π
___ 13
___π 15
___ π 6 b 5
x =     , x =     , x =    
8 8 8
π π π 5π 7π 3π 7 b 2
ii period =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ ,
3 6 2 6 6 2 8 b 4
11π
___
x =     9 1k5
6
π π 3π 5π 7π 10 a = 1, b = 4, c = 2
iii period =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ , x =   __ 
2 4 4 4 4
8 A = 1, B = 1, C = 3 Exercise 9.6
1 a 17.5°, 162.5° b 78.5°, 281.5°
c 63.4°, 243.4° d 216.9°, 323.1°
e 125.5°, 305.5° f 233.1°, 306.9°
g 48.6°, 131.4° h 120°, 240°
462
Answers
π 5π
2 a   __ ,   __  b 0.197, 3.34 2 a x = 0.201, 2.94
3 3
c no solutions d 1.89, 5.03 b x = 0.896, 4.04
e 3.99, 5.44 f 2.15, 4.13 c x = 1.82, 4.46
g 0.253, 2.89 h 3.55, 5.87 d x = 2.55, 5.70
3 a 26.6°, 63.4° b 63.4°, 116.6° 3 a x = 25.7°, 154.3°
c 31.7°,121.7° d 108.4°, 161.6° b x = 5.8°, 84.2°
e 18.4°, 161.6° f 98.3°, 171.7° c x = 67.5°, 157.5°
g 80.8°, 170.8° h 20.9°, 69.1° d x = 112.8°, 157.2°
4 a 150°, 270° b 95.7°, 129.3° 4 a x = 100.5°, 319.5°
π 7π b x = 73.3°, 151.7°
c 225°, 315° d   __  ,   __ 
2 6
π 7π c x = 2.56, 5.70
e 1.82, 2.75 f   __ ,   __ 
6 6 d x = 1.28, 2.00
5 a 14.0°, 194.0° 5 a x = 60°, 120°, 240°, 300°
b 126.9°, 306.9° b x = 56.3°, 123.7°, 236.3°, 303.7°
c 31.0°, 211.0° c x = 106.3°, 253.7°
d 25.7°, 115.7°, 205.7°, 295.7° 6 a x = 41.4°, 180°, 318.6°
6 x = 0.648 or x = 2.22 b x = 113.6°, 246.4°,
7 a x = 0°, 30°, 180°, 210°, 360° c x = 71.6°, 153.4°, 251.6°, 333.4°
b x = 0°, 38.7°, 180°, 218.7°, 360° d x = 19.5°, 160.5°
c x = 70.5°, 90°, 270°, 289.5° e x = 48.2°, 311.8°
d x = 0°, 135°, 180°, 315°, 360° f x = 18.4°, 30°, 150°, 198.4°
e x = 11.5°, 90°, 168.5°, 270° g x = 60°, 300°
f x = 0°, 45°, 180°, 225°, 360° h x = 23.6°, 30°, 150°, 156.4°
8 a x = 30°, 150°, 210°, 330°
b x = 31.0°, 149.0°,211.0°, 329.0° Exercise 9.9
9 a x = 45°, 108.4°, 225°, 288.4° 5 26
b x = 30°, 150°, 270° 6 a −2 + 7 sin2 x
c x = 0°, 109.5°, 250.5°, 360° b −2  f (x)  5
d x = 60°, 180°, 300° 7 a 7 − (cos ϑ − 2)2
e x = 0°, 180°, 199.5°, 340.5°, 360° b maximum = 6, minimum = −2
f x = 19.5°, 160.5°, 210°, 330°
g x = 19.5°, 160.5°, 270° Past paper questions
h x = 30°, 150°, 270°
1 b i 4 ii 60°
i x = 19.5°, 160.5°
2 a x = 10°, 30°, 50°, 90°
10 x = 0.848 rad
π 5π
b y =   __ ,   __ 
6 6
Exercise 9.8 3 b 54.7°, 125.3°, 234.7°, 305.3°
1 a x = 73.3°, 253.3° 4 a 30°, 150°, 210°, 330°
b x = 75.5°, 284.5° b 23.5°, 60°, 96.5°, 143.5°, 180°
c x = 210°, 330° 2π 5π
c   __ ,   __ 
3 3
d x = 53.1°, 306.9°
463
n! n!
6 i x = 64.3°, 154.3° 3 a  _______  b  _______ 
(n − 4) ! (n − 6) !
ii y = 90°, 194.5°, 345.5°
n! n!
5π 13π __________
c
    d __________
   
iii z =   ___ ,   ___  (n − 3) ! 5 ! (n − 5) ! 3 !
12 12
7 a a = 10, b = 6, c = 4
b y
Exercise 10.2
5 1 a 24 b 5040
4
3 2 a 120 b 40 320 c 3 628 800
2 3 a 24
1
0 b i 6 ii 6
–1 45° 90° 135° 180° x
4 a 5040 b 576
–2
–3 5 a 120 b 72
–4 c 72 d 42
–5
6 a 12 b 36 c 24
8 i a = 2, b = 1
7 a 720 b 120 c 48
π π
x =   __  , x =   __ 
ii
3 4 8 a 600 b 312
9 ii x = 51.3° or x = −128.7° 9 4320
10 i y
5
4
Exercise 10.3
3 1 a 6720 b 360
2
1 c 6 652 800 d 5040
0 2 360
–1 90° 180° 270° 360° x
–2 3 15 120
ii (90°, −2) 4 336
11 a x = 30°, 60°, 120°, 150° 5 480

5π 17π 6 18
y =   ___  ,   ___ 
b
12 12 7 a 1680 b 840
12 a x = 0°, 45°, 135°, 180° c 630 d 330
π 5π
b ii θ = ±   __  , ±   __  8 a 60 b 300
9 9
13 a ii 233.1° 9 720
b ϕ = 0.132, ϕ = 1.18 10 a n=6 b n=9 c n=7
Exercise 10.4
Chapter 10 1 a 5 b 20 c 1
d 70 e 1 f 35
Exercise 10.1 ____8! 8!
2     =  ____ 
1 a 5040 b 12 3 !5 ! 5 !3 !
3 a 120 b 21 c 364
c 840 d 336
4 10
e 6 f 60
5 56
g 20 h 4200
6 700
2 a 2! b 6!
5! 17 ! 7 a 210 b 84
c  __  d  ___ 
2! 13 ! 8 a 30 045 015 b 142 506
10 ! 12 !
e  ____  f  ____  9 67 200
7 !3 ! 7 !4 !
464
Answers
10 a 56 b 30 c 16
Exercise 11.1
11 a 1287 b 756
1 1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1
12 1709
1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1
13 a 462 b 350
2 a 1 + 3x + 3x2 + x3
14 a 45 b 45
b 1 − 4x + 6x2 − 4x3 + x4
15 a 252 b 126 c 66
c p4 + 4p3q + 6p2q2 + 4pq3 + q4
16 2000
d 8 + 12x + 6x2 + x3
17 n = 14
e x5 + 5x4y + 10x3y2 + 10x2y3 + 5xy4 +y5
f y3 + 12y2 + 48y + 64
Past paper questions
g a3 − 3a2b + 3ab2 − b3
1 a 28
h 16x4 + 32x3y + 24x2y2 + 8xy3 + y4
b i 420 ii 240
i x3 − 6x2y + 12xy2 − 8y3
2 a i 84 ii 15 120
j 81x4 − 432x3 + 864x2 − 768x + 256
b 240
  42 
k 2 + x2 + __
3 a permutation, because the order matters x
1   − ___3 3
b i 55 ii 420 iii 70 l  ___     + ___   1  
    − ___
8x3 8x5 8x7 8x9
4 a i 28 ii 20 160 iii 720
b 203 3 a 16 b 10 c −12
5 a i 60 480 ii 144 iii 1680 d 8 e 40 f 160

3
b i 2100 ii 420 g 5760 h − __
   
2
6 a i 40 320 ii 720 iii 5040 4 A = 2048, B = 1280, C = 40
b i 35 ii 1 iii 15 5 1 + 14x + 78x2 + 216x3 + 297x4 + 162x5
7 a 870 6 a=8
b i 2002 ii 1092 7 a 81 + 108x + 54x2 + 12x3 + x4
_
8 i 18 ii 24 iii 48 376 + 168 √5 
b
9 i 3 991 680 ii 1 330 560 iii 1152 8 a 1 + 5x + 10x2 + 10x3 + 5x4 + x5
_ _
10 i 120 ii 720 iii 2520 b i 76 + 44 √3  ii 76 − 44 √3 
11 a i 360 ii 60 c 152
b i 1287 ii 1266 iii 45 9 a 16 − 32x2 + 24x4 − 8x6 + x8
b 64
Chapter 11 10
11
90
__ 3
   
4
Pre-requisite Knowledge 12 a 32 + 80y + 80y2 b 400
1 a
4x − 20x + 25
2
13   1 
__
5 _
b
1 + x − x + 15x
2 3
14 a a = 24, b = 128 b 80 √2 
2 a
16x 12 15 a y3 − 3y b y5 − 5y3 + 5y
b
− 243x 20
3 a
3n − 8 Exercise 11.2
b
9 − 2n
1 a 3
C0, 3C1, 3C2, 3C3
b 4
C0, 4C1, 4C2, 4C3, 4C4
c 5
C0, 5C1, 5C2, 5C3, 5C4, 5C5
465
2 a 1 + 4x + 6x2 + 4x3 + x4 10 −945

b 1 − 5x + 10x2 − 10x3 + 5x4 − x5 11   21 
___
2
c 1 + 8x + 24x2 + 32x3 + 16x4
3
12 a =  _____ 
d 27 + 27x + 9x2 + x3 n−2
e x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4
f 32 − 80x + 80x2 − 40x3 + 10x4 − x5 Exercise 11.3
g a4 − 8a3b + 24a2b2 − 32ab3 + 16b4 1 a + 4d, a + 13d
h 16x + 96x y + 216x y + 216xy + 81y

4 3 2 2 3 4 2 a 765 b −1310
c 907.5 d −2420x
1   x 4 − __3 27
i  ___     x 3 + ___
   x 2 − 54x + 81
16 2 2 3 a 35, 3185 b 15, −1365
x x 2
x 3
x4
x 5
4 9
j 1 − __
    + ___
    − ____
    + _____
    − _______
   
2 10 100 2000 100 000
5 a 5, 26 b 1287
270 405 ____ 243 6 −1875
x 5 − 15 x 3 + 90x − ____
k   x + ____
  3 −   5 
x x
7 2985
15 5 15 3
l + 3x + ___
x 12 8
   x 4 + __
    + _____
    + _____
    1  
  + ______ 8 40
4 2 16 x 4 16 x 8 64 x 12
9 12 450
3 a 40x3
10 45
b 175 000x3
11 $284
c 160x3
12 a 11, −3 b 37
d 720x3
13 6, 8
e −20x3
14 −5, −6
f −5376x3
g −9 450 000x3 15   1   (8n + 1)
___
12
h −954 204 160 000x3
16 8°
4 a 1 + 10x + 45x2
17 a a = 6d b 10a
b 1 + 16x + 112x2
19 a 6 − 5cos x 2
c 1 − 21x + 189x2
20 b 901
d 729 + 2916x + 4860x2
e 19 683 − 59 049x + 78 732x2
Exercise 11.4
f 256 + 512x + 448x2
1 a not geometric b −4, 16 384
g 1 953 125 − 3 515 625x2 + 2 812 500x4
h 1 048 576x10 − 13 107 200x9y   1  ,  ___
__
c 1   d not geometric
3 27
+ 73 728 000x8y2 e not geometric f −1, 5
5 a 1 + 12x + 60x2 + 160x3 2 ar , ar 8 19
b 140 3
  2 , 243
− __
13 39 143 3
6 a 1 + ___
   x + ___
   x 2 + ____
   x 3
2 2 4 4 ±16.2
377 3
b  ____
  5 __
   , 8
4 2
7 a 1 − 30x + 405x2 − 3240x3 5
6 2,  ___ , 40
64
b −4860
7 27
8 a 1 + 14x + 84x2
8 −12
b 47
9 22nd
9 a 1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3
10 19th
b −7
466
Answers
3
11 a 1020   1 
b 1093 __ 5 __
a
   
3 4
c −3280 d −4166.656 b 84.375, 162.5
12 14 c 800
5
10 (   4 )
n
13 a __ 6 a 0.75 b  __  , n = 10
5 4
7 19
b 67.232 m
8 a x = −3, 3rd term = 33 or x = 8, 3rd term = 88
14 k = −20 or k = 40
2  , − 7 __
−  __
b   1 
15 50 minutes 19 seconds 5 7
2(10 n+1 − 10 − 9n)
18  _________________
    
27 Past paper questions and practice
questions
Exercise 11.5
1 i 729 + 2916x + 4860x2
1 a 4.5   2 
b __
3 ii 6804
c 10 d −97.2 2 i 64 + 192x2 + 240x4 + 160x6
2 50 ii 1072
3 1 , 250
−  __ 3 a i a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4
5
__7   24 
___
ii
4 2     25
9
b n=6
5 a 0.4̇ 2̇  =  ____   42  + _________
42  + ______   42  + …
100 10 000 1 000 000 4 i 16 + 32ax + 24a2x2 + 8a3x3 + a4x4
  2  , − 93 __ 5 i
  1 
6 − __ 256x8 − 64x6 + 7x4
3 3
ii
135
7 0.5, 13 6 i   1  , c = 112
a = 256, b = __
4
8 a −0.75, 128   1 
b 73 __
7 ii −2064
9 a 105 b 437.5 7 i 729 −162x + 15x2
3 5 ii −2856
10 a  ___  , 60 b 85 __
   
10 7
8 a = 3, b = −18, c = −6
11 a 60 b 375
9 a −2.24 b 25
12 162
10 a 24 b 162
13 a = 50, r = __   1 
5 11 a d = 2a b 99a
π π
14 −      x    __ 
__ 12 a a = 38, d = −2.5 b n = 25
6 6
3 6
15 84 m 13 − __
a     b 768 c 438 __
   
4 7
16 64
a 3x, 4x,  ___  x, ___
16     x
3 9 14 a 41   1  , S = 10  __
b r = __ 2 
common ratio  1 4 3
17 4 
17 a 5π units b   ___ units2 15 a a = −8, d =  __ b 80
8π 3
16   1 
__
a b 18
Exercise 11.6 5
3 3
17 r = −  __  and a = 25, or r = __
a i     and a = 4
1 a 108 b 166.25 5 2
2 a 125 b 31 5
15 __
ii    
8
3 a 1.5 b 364.5, 78
b 119 382
4 12.5, 63.5
18 a −16, 24
p 243p 3
b i r = __
    ii _____
    iii p = __
   
3 3−p 4
467
1  x − _12  − __5 _3

19 a 25 terms f   __     x − 2 
2 2
3
b i  __  ii 18
4 g 1 + 3x−2
20 a i 2 
−  __ ii 6.35   1  x − 2 
h 5 + __
_3
3 2
3 _1 1 − _12  __
n(n + 1)   __  x  2  −  __  x +   1  x − 2 
_3
b i
logx3 ii  ________
  logx3 i
2 2 2 2
iii 78 iv 27 j 15x2 + 10x
21 a ii 970 k −2x−2 + 10x−3
b i 7776 l 1 + 2x−2
ii
The sum to infinity does not exist as the common ratio m 18x + 6
is greater than 1. n −6x2 + 6x5
o 12x + 5
3 a 6 b 4 c −2
Chapter 12 d 0 e −0.2 f   2 
__
9
4 (2, 5)
5 0.25
_3 _2
1 a 2x  2  b 7x  3  6 5
  1  x  2 
__ 1  x −2
d  __
_1
c 7 −11, 11
3 2
8 a = 3, b = −4
2 a 3(x + 1)−2 b 5(2x − 3)−4
9 a = −2, b = 5
3   4 
__
1, 2    ), (
( 4, 4    )
3 5
__ 1
__
10
4 y = 3x − 16 6 3
11 a (−3, 2),(0, 5),(9, 14)
Exercise 12.1 b 13, −8, 37
12 a 12x2 + 6x − 6
1 a 4x3 b 9x8
b x  −1 and x  0.5
c −3x−4 d −6x−7
13 a 3x2 + 2x − 16
e −x−2 f −5x−6
8
5 _3 b − __
     x  2
  1  x − 2 
__ __
_1
g h     x  2  3
2 2
___dy
14     = 5[( x 2 − 2) 2 + (x + 5) 2]  0
− __   1  x − 5  1  x − _23 
 __
_6
i j dx
5 3
__
k 2 _1
    x − 3  l −  __ 1  x − _32 
3 2 Exercise 12.2
3 _1
m 1 n  __  x  2  1 a 9(x + 2)8
2
__5 _
  23  b 21(3x − 1)6
o
    x p 6x5
3
c −30(1 − 5x)5
q 3x2 r 2x
2 (__
  1  x − 7)
3
d
3
  1  x
__
s − _12 
t −  __  x
− _52  2
2 2
e 4(2x + 1)5
2 a 6x2 − 5
f 12(x − 4)5
b 40x4 − 6x
g −30(5 − x)4
c −6x2 + 4
h 8(2x + 5)7
d 6x − 2x−2 + 2x−3
i 8x (x2 + 2)3
  1  x − 2 
e 2 + x −2 + __
_3
2
j −28x(1 − 2x2)6
468
Answers
k 5(2x − 3)(x2 − 3x)4 5 x = −2, __   1 , 1.5

3
( x)
 12  (x2 + __   2 
)
3
l 8 x − __ 2   
 x 6 x = 1 __
3
6
2 a   1 2 
− _______ b − _________
    Exercise 12.4
( x + 4) ( 2x − 1) 2
10
15
________ 64x 1   11 2 
_______
a b _______
   
c
    d − __________
    ( 5 − x) ( x + 4) 2
(2 − 3x)2 ( 2 x 2 − 5) 2
7
________ 1
8(x − 1) 5 c
    d −  ________  
− __________
e   2   f − _______
    (3x + 4)2 (8x − 3)2
( x − 2x) 2 ( x − 1) 6
x(5x − 4)
_________ x 2 + 1
30 6 e
    f − ________
  2  
g −  ________  h − _________
    ( 5x − 2) 2 ( x − 1) 2
(5x − 1)4 (3x − 2) 5
15 x 2 + 8x + 2
− _________
g     h − __________
   
1  
________ 5 ( 3x − 1) 2 ( x 2 − 2) 2
3 a
  _____ b  _________
______ 
2 √x + 2 2 √5x − 1 2 −4
2x 3x +2 2
3 (0, 0), (1, 1)
_________
c
  _______  d  _________
_______ 
√
2 x 2 − 3 2√x3 + 2x  25 
4   ____
______ 9
2
e −  _________   f 4/√2x − 1 1 − 2x
_2 5 a ____________
     _  
3(3 − 2x)   3  2 √ x ( 2x + 1) 2
3 5
− __________
g     h _________
    1−x
_________
b
   
_3
2 (3x − 1)  2  ( 2 − 5x) _  3 
4
( 1 − 2x)  _  2 

3
4 8
x(x 2 + 4)
_________
c
   
5 2 ( x 2 + 2)  _  2 
3
6 0.75, −3 − 5(x − 3)

___________
d
  _  
7 (3, 2) 2 √ x (x + 3) 2
8 a = 8, b = 3 6 4
7 (3, −2)
Exercise 12.3 8 a (−2, −2.4), (0.4, 0), (2, 1.6)
23 125 ___ 7
1 a 2x + 4 − ___
b     , ____
   , −    
25 29 25
b 12x + 10
c (x + 2)2 (4x + 2) Exercise 12.5
d x(x − 1)2 (5x − 2)
1 a y = 4x − 6
3x − 10
_______
e
  _  b y = −x − 2
2 √x − 5 
c y = 16x − 10
3x + 2
______
f
  _  1  x + 3
2 √ x d y = −  __
2
5 x 2_
__________ + 12x e y = −3x − 3
g
   
2 √x + 3 
  1  x + 2 __
y = __
f   1 
(3 − x ) (3 − 13x )
2 2 2 4 4
________________
h
  
  __ 
2√ x  2   1  x − 4 __
y = − __
a   1 
3 3
i 2(3x + x + 5)
2
1  x + 5 __
y = −  __
b   1 
j (4x + 9)(x − 3)2 8 4
k 2(x − 1)(x + 2)(2x + 1) 1  x − 3 __3
y =  __
c    
l 14(x − 1)(x − 3)3(2x + 1)2 4 4
2 9 d y = 2x + 7.5
3 85 e y = −0.1x − 3.8
4 49, 0 f y = 4x − 22
469
17
3   1  x + ___
y = 8x − 6, y = − __     13 a ___ 4
    cm s −1
8 8 5π
4 (0, 5.2)
  1   cm s −1
___
b
5π
9 16
1  , y = −  ___ 1 
5 y =  ___  x −  __   x −  __ __ 1
16 2 9 2 14 a     cm s −1
7
6 (2, −3) ___
b   1   cm s −1
7 y = 2x − 20 12
8 a y = 2x + 8
b (1, 6)
Exercise 12.8
13
  1  x + ___
y = − __
c     1 a 10
2 2
b 12x + 6
9 (1, 5.25) 18
− ___
c   4 
10 a (7, 4) b 12 units2 x
11   2 x − __
b y = − __ 3 d 320(4x + 1)3
5 5
12 216 units2 e − _________
  1  
( 2x + 1) _  2 
3
13 22.5 units2
________ 3
f
   
Exercise 12.6 ( x + 3) _  2 
5
2 a 12(x − 4)(x − 2)
1 0.21
8x − 6
______
2 0.68 b
   
x 4
3 −0.8p _______ 8
c
   
4 2p ( x − 3) 3
5 25p 2(x 3 + 6 x 2 + 3x + 2)

___________________
d
 
       
( x 2 − 1) 3
6   11 p
___
50
3 _______
e
   
π
___
(x − 5)3
7    
20 102
________
f
   
180 (3x − 1)3
8 y =  ____
a  
x 2 3 a −3 b −9 c −8
c −254p, decrease 4 b −18, 18
5 x 0 1 2 3 4 5
Exercise 12.7 dy
1 0.15 units per second
 ___ 
dx
+ 0 − − 0 +
2 0.125 units per second dy
2
3 −4 units per second

____
   
dx2
− − − + + +
4 −0.25 units per second 6 x2
5 0.5 units per second
6   1  units per second

____
150
Exercise 12.9
7 −0.02 units per second 1 a (6, −28) minimum
8 0.025 cm s −1
b (−2, 9) maximum
9   1   cm s−1

___ c (−2, 18) maximum, (2, −14) minimum
96
10 324 cm3 s−1 (− 2 __
d   22  )maximum,
  2  , 14 ___
3 27
11 1   cm s −1
 ____ (2, −36) minimum
480
12 12π cm3 s−1
470
Answers
e (−3, −18) minimum, (__

3 27 )
  1  , ___
  14  maximum 7 a BC = 4 − p2
_
2 √ 3 
(__
3 27 )
____
f   2  , ___
  14  maximum, (4, −18) minimum c
   
3

_
2 a (4, 4) minimum 32 √ 3 
_____
d
    , maximum
9
b (−1, 3) minimum
250
c (4, 3) minimum 8 h = ____
a   2 
r
(−3, −  __
3) (   3 ) maximum
d 1  minimum, 3, __
1 500π 1000π
4πr −   _____
c  , 4π +   ______  
r 2 r 3
e (−2, −4) maximum, (0, 0) minimum d 5
f (−4, −13) maximum, (2, −1) minimum e 150π, minimum

3
___dy 3 dy 9 a   144
h = ____ __
r −   2  r
3     = −  _______  , numerator of ___
   is never zero
dx (x + 1)2 dx _
4 a=3 12 √ 10 
______
c
   
5
5 a a = −3, b = 5
25 − 2x
b minimum 10 r = _______
a   π 
c (−1, 7), maximum c A = 87.5 cm2, x = 7.00 cm

_
6 a a = 2, b = −4 11 r = √ 25 − h 2 
a
_
b minimum 5 √ 3 
____
c
   
7 a a = 8, b = −4 3
b maximum d maximum
8 a a = −36, b = 4 12 a h = 24 − 2r
b (−2, 48) c 512π
________
c (−2, 48) = maximum, (3, −77) = minimum 13 a r = √ 20h − h2 
d (0.5, −14.5), −37.5 1 
13  __
c
3
Exercise 12.10 d
 
32 000
______
81
 π, maximum
1 a y=8−x
b i P = 8x − x2 ii 16 Past paper exercises
c i S = x2 + (8 − x)2 ii 32 1 ii A = 246 cm2, minimum
2 b A = 1250 m2, x = 50
2 a 1.25 cm s−1 b 120 cm2 s−1
288
3 y = ____
a     3 439 cm2
2
x
c A = 432 cm2, 6 cm by 12 cm by 8 cm dy 2 x 2 + 1
___
4     = _________
i    
V dx (x 2 + 1)  _ 12 
4 h = ____
a   2 
4 x ii 2x2 cannot be −1
_
5 √ 6 
____
c
    72
3 5 P = 2r + ___
i   r 
60
5 θ = ___
a   r − 2 ii 24, minimum
c 30 − 2r , −2 6 i 0.159 cm s−1
d 15 cm ii 40 cm2 s−1
e 225 cm2, maximum dy 5
i  ___  = − __
_3
7     ( x − 9)  −  2 
dx 2
6 a h = 3 − __  1  r(π + 2)
2 ii −0.3125 h
c 6 − 4r − πr , −4 − π
_____6 8 i (1, 0.5) and (−1, −0.5)
d
   
4+π ii p = 2, q = −6.
18
_____ Maximum when x = 1, minimum when x = −1
e
    m2, maximum
4+π
471
9 6x + 8y − 27 = 0 6 q − p
a 1  q − p
b  __ ( )
2
5 − 2r − πr
10 y =   __________
i   1  p − q
c  __ ( )
1  p + q
d  __ ( )
2 2 2
iii r = 0.70, A = 1.75
11 i   4 (6 − r)
h = __
3
Exercise 13.1
128 1 a i − 3j b 3i − 2j
   π, maximum
r = 4, V = ____
iii
3 c 4i − j d 2i
12 4x − 9y + 1 = 0 e i + 3j f −2i + j
13 (0, 32), minimum g −2i h −3i − 2j
__
14 i V = 5√3  h2 m3 i −i − j
ii a 0.115 m s−1 b 0.4 m s−1 2 a 2 b 5
dy 5x 2 − 6x + 1
___ c 13 d 10
15 i     = ____________

   
dx _1
(2x − 3)   2  e 25 f 17
_ _
ii x + 9y − 54 = 0
4 √2 
g h 5 √5 
16 30π cm s 2 −1
3 16i + 12j
4 36i − 15j
Chapter 13 5 1  (3i + 4j)

a  __
5
1   (5i + 12j)
b  ___
Pre-requisite Knowledge 13
c − __  1  (4i + 3j)
1 a 5
Finish 1
___
d     (8i − 15j)
b 17
_
√
2 
e  ___ (i + j)
2
a 6 a −4i + 6j b 14i − 9j
a+b
c −26i − 3j d −i + 3j
____
7 a 15 b √461 
Start
8 λ = 5, μ = −3
9 λ = −2, μ = 3
b
Exercise 13.2
–b 1 a −i − 3j b 2i − 10j
Finish
c 3i + j d −12i + 3j
a
e i + 7j f −6i − j
a–b
2 ( 4
a ) (−
b 5) (1 )
c
Start 10 11 3
3 a −15i + 20j b 24i + 10j
_____
2 (−
a 6) (4 )
b c 39i − 10j d √1621 
1 5
4 a 16i + 12j 1  (4i + 3j)
b  __ c 5i + 2j
3 (−
a 2) b ( 3)
5
4 −6
5 a 10i + 24j b 26
4 ( 2)(− 8)
4 (−
2) 1 4
− 1   (5i + 12j)
c  ___ d 3i + 8j
13
5 10
6 7
472
Answers
a ( 20) ( 30

)
5
7 b b  __  μa + (1 − μ) b
− 21 − 32 7
8 a i 29 ii 30 iii 38.1 25
λ = ___
c    , μ   21 
= ___
(22.5
− 1)
31 31
b
7 a i λa − b ii −a + μb
9 a 12i + 9j b 7i + j 2  λa + __ 3
b i  __     b
10 a 6i − 8j b 10.5i 5 5
1  a + __3
    μb
(
9 )
ii  __
11 4 4
7
5
12 3 λ = __
iii   4 
   , μ = __
8 5
13 a 22 or −8
8 a i −9a + 18b ii −5a + 10b
b −9
⟶ 9⟶
c 1   AC = __
b     AB , so AB and AC are parallel and A lies on
5
14 6j both lines
20 9 a i 4a ii 2b iii −2a + 3b
15  ___ i
7 b i 6a − 3b ii 2a − b iii 4a − 2b
_ _ _
⟶ ⟶
16 a i 2 √10  √130 
ii iii 3 √10  c
  CE = 3 CD , so CE and CD are parallel and C lies on
7 both lines
λ = __
c    , μ   2 
= __
3 3 d 1:2
Exercise 13.3 Exercise 13.4

1 a (1 − λ)a + λb 1 a (3.5i + 9j) m s−1
b (__
2 2 )
  1  −  __
1  μ a + 3μb
b (30i − 36j) m
3 c 12.5 hours
λ = __
c    , μ   1 
= __
5 5 2 (−22i + 11.6j) km h−1
2 a i 2a − b ii 3a + b 3 125i km
b i λ(5a − b) ii μ(3a + b) 4 a (18i + 18j) km h−1
_
5 3
λ = __
c    , μ
= __
    (10i + 10 √ 3  j)km h −1
b
8 8 __
c (−50√3 i − 50j) m s−1
3 a λ(a + 2b)
5 a 20 m s−1
b μa + (3 − 3μ)b
3 3 b i (−68i + 44j) m
λ = __
c    , μ
= __
   
5 5 ii (−56i + 28j) m
4 a (1 − λ)a + 2λb iii (−44i + 12j) m
5
b  __  μa + (1 − μ )b c r=( 80)
− + t( 12
)
3 60 − 16
3
c λ = __   2 , μ
= __
    6 a 10 km h−1
7 7
1  a + __ b (28i + 14j) km
5 a i −a + b ii  __   1  b
2 2 c r=( ) + t (
10 6)

38 −8
  1  λa + __
__
b   1  λb
2 2 d 20 30 hours
3
c  __  μa + (1 − μ) b 7 a (12i − 12j) km h−1
4
b i (29i − 12j) km
6
λ = __
d    , μ   4 
= __ ii (14i + 3j) km
7 7
6
3
  2  λb
a  __  λa + __ c r = ( 5) + t ( 12)
5 5 12 −12
473
8 a (10i + 6j) km c ) + t (−25

(12 ) ( ) + t (−5
12
d ) km f 2.15
8 45 8 −3
b (5i + 12j) km h−1
c 13 km h−1 11 ( )m s−1
12
i ii (1  ) + t ( 12) iii t = 4, ( )
49
16 2 16 66
d 52 km
1  ( a + c) 5
12 a i  __ ii  __  ( a + c)
9 a (15i + 20j) km 2 4
b (8i + 6j) km h−1 b i p = −15i + 36j ii q = 30i − 60j
__
c (111i + 92j) km iii | q | = 30 √ 5 , k = 30
10 a (50i + 70j) km, (40i + 100j) km
( ) + t (−8
)
__
13 30
a b 13 m s−1 c 100 √2 m
b 31.6 km 10 6
11 a (6i + 8j) km, 21j km
b 14.3 km
Chapter 14
Past paper exercises Pre-requisite Knowledge
1 i 8i − 15j 1   124  +  ___
6x + ___ 1__ 
1   (8i − 15j) x √ x 
ii  ___
17 2 8 (2x − 3)3
iii −53i 3 a 2 (x − 3)3 (2x + 1)4 (9x − 13)
__
2 a i 5 √5  2 x 2 + 2x + 10
____________
b
 
    
1 _  (2i + 11j)
b  ____ ( 2x + 1) 2
5 √ 5 
x
4 y = __
    + 1
c 2i + 1.5j 4
3 i 51 km h−1 5 (2, −11) minimum, (−2, 21) maximum
ii 40 minutes 6 0.05
4 i λb − a
ii μa − b Exercise 14.1
2  a + __
iii  __   1  λb
3 3 1 a 7e7x b 3e3x
7 c 15e5x d −8e−4x
  1  b
iv  __  μa + __
8 8 e − 3e − __  x2 
f 3e3x + 1
_
3 16 3 e x √
λ = __
   , μ g
2x e x +1 h 5 − _____
  _ 
2
v = ___
    2 √ x
8 21
5 a i α = 2, β = 13 1  (3i − 4j)
ii  __ i −3e−3x j −4e2x
5 e − e
x −x
k  _______   l 10x(1 + e x )
2
⟶
  OC = (1 − λ) a + λb
b c μ=3 2
2 a xex + ex b 2x2e2x + 2xe2x
6 a ( 48)
− 90 _ e x
c −3xe−x + 3e−x d x e x + ____
√   _ 
b p = 2, q = 2 or p = 10, q = −38 2 √ x
1  a + __ 3 x e x − e x e 2x(4x − 1)
7 c − a
i ii  __   2  c  __  b
iii e  ________  
x 2
f  ___________ _3
 
3 3 5 2x  2 
10
9b
iv   4  a + ___
v − __    c − ________
g   x
2 e x
  h 2xe2x
9 9 ( e − 1) 2
3i + 8j λ
8 4i − 16j
i ______
ii   ___  iii −  _____  (2i + 12j) e x( x 2 + 2x e x + 2x + 5)
√
73 1+λ i  ____________________
       
( e x + 1) 2

√234  (−3)
1     15 _
25 
9 _____
  ____ 3 a 5x + 8y = 10 b y - √26 = ____ (x - ln5)
√26
c y = 3ex + 2x − 2e − 1
10 (−
a 20) km h−1 b t (−20
)
48 48 4 A(   1  , 0)
− __
3
474
Answers
5 a (− 1, − __
  1e ), minimum b   1   (x − 1)
y − e = − ___ 2 a 3 sin2 x cos x b −30 cos 3x sin 3x
2e
(2 e + 1)
2 2 c 2 sin x cos x + 2 sin x d 4 (3 − cos x)3 sin x
c  _________   π π
( 6) ( 6)
4e 12 sin 2 2x +   __  cos 2x +   __ 
e
Exercise 14.2 − 12 sin x cos 3x

π π
( 4) ( 4)
f +
  8 tan 2x −   __  sec 2 2x −   __ 
1 1
a  __ 1
b  __ 2  
c  ______
x  x  2x + 3
2x 6 1   − 6 sin 2x sin 3x
d  ______   e  ______  f  ______ 3 a x cos x + sin x b
  
x 2 − 1 3x + 1 2x + 4 + 4 cos 2x cos 3x
20 1  3
g  ______  h 2 − __ i  ______ 
(2) (2)
  x 3 x x
5x − 2 3x − 2  __  x tan 2 __    sec 2 __
   
c x2 sec2 x + 2x tan x d 2
    
(2)
1   1 2 x 2 + 1 x
j  _____ k  __________
_ _  l  ___________   + tan 3 __   
x ln x ( √
x + 1)√ x x(x 2 + ln x)
2 a 1 + ln x b 2x + 4x ln x e 15 tan 3x sec 3x f sec x + x tan x sec x
1  + ln x x sec 2x − tan x

______________ 1 + 2 cos x
1 − __
c   x d 10 + 5 ln x2 g       h  __________2 
x 2 (2 + cos x)
x 1 − ln 2x
e  ____  + 2x ln (ln x) f  ________   (3x − 1) cos x − 3 sin x
ln x x 2 i  ____________________
        j −6 cot 2x cosec3 2x
(3x − 1)2
2 ln (2x + 1)
  4 2 
− ________
g 2
h  __________   − ___________
    k 3 cosec 2x − 6x cot 2x cosec 2x −2
l  ______________
    
x (ln x) x 2(2x + 1) x 3 (sin x − cos x) 2
3 x 2(2x + 3) − 2(x 3 − 1) ln (x 3 − 1) 4 a −sin x ecos x b −5 sin 5x ecos 5x
i  ________________________________
        
(2x + 3)2(x 3 − 1) c sec2 x etan x d (cos x − sin x) e(sin x + cos x)
2 (
  1  x)
3 2 + 4 ln 6, 3 + 2 ln 6 1  e x 2 cos __
e ex (sin x + cos x) f  __   1  x − sin __
3 2   2 2
4 a  ______  b  ______
6x + 2 5 − 2x g 2ex cos x h xecos x (2 − x sin x)
5(x − 1) −3 i cot x j x [2 ln (cos x) − x tan x]
c  ________  d  ______________
   
x(x − 5) (2x + 1) (x − 1)
3 cos 3x − 2 sin 3x x cos x + sin x − x sin x
k  ________________
     ____________________
l      
x−4 x + 4x + 2
2 e 2x−1 e x
e  ________  f  ______________
   
   _
x(2 − x) x(x + 1) (x + 2) 3 √ 2  − 8
5 a −2 b  _______  
6
2 − 6x − 2 x 2 − 3x − 1
g  ____________________
   
   h  _____________
   
(x − 5) (x + 1) (2x + 3) (x + 3) (x − 1) 6 a tan x sec x b −cot x cosec x
− x + 6x − 3
2 c −cosec2 x
i  _____________________
   
  
x(x − 1) (x + 1) (2x − 3) 7 a 3 cot 3x b −2 tan 2x
1   2   5
5 a  _____ b  _____ c  ___________  8 A = 3, B = −5
x ln 3 x ln 2 (5x − 1) ln 4
9 A = 4, B = −3
8x 15 x 2 − 2 2x − 1
6 a  _______   b  ________   c  _____________
   
4 x 2 − 1 5 x 3 − 2x (x + 3) (x − 4)
7 0.2 Exercise 14.4
1 4x − 24y = π
Exercise 14.3 π π
( 2 ) ( 2)
2 a 2x + 2y = π Q   __  , 0 , R 0,   __ 
b
1 a cos x b 2 cos x − 3 sin x π
2
c   __ units 2
c −2 sin x − sec x 2
d 6 cos 2x 8
e 20 sec2 5x f −6 sin 3x − 2 cos 2x 3 Q (1, 0)
π
g 3 sec2 (3x + 2)
( 3)
h 2 cos 2x +   __  4 a A (  __ )
1  ln 5, 0 , B (0, 4) b C (−8, 0)
2
π
( 6)
− 6 sin 3x −   __ 
i
5   1  e (2e2 + 1) units2
__
2
475
_
√ 2x sec2 2x − tan 2x
________________
6 2  p 3 i      
x2
2  p
7  __ π π
32(π − 2) ( 8)
8 2
3 y − __
ii   π  = −   ________   x −   __  ,
8  __ 1  p
4 so y = −0.27x + 2.65
9
__
9     p
2 4 i   1   x
y + ln 3 = ____ 1  (ln 3)3
ii  __
_ ln 3 2
10 2 √3  p
8
5 − __
i     + ln 9 ii 0.0393
11 a (−2, −2e−1) minimum 9
b (−1, e−2) maximum, (0, 0) minimum 6 i 2r sin θ iii −17.8 iv −0.842
c (ln 7, 9 − 7 ln 7) minimum 7 7.14h
(
0, ln 8 −    )
d (0, 4) minimum 1
__
8
3
e (−2, −4e ) minimum, (4, 8e ) maximum
2 −4
9 ii −0.0261h
f (e  −  2 , −  __
2 )
_1 1  e−1 , minimum
10 i 15 cos 3x ii y = −15x + 5π + 4
g (√e , __   1  e−1), maximum
__
2 11 i 4 tan x + 4x sec2 x
_____
h (− √e − 1 , e−1), maximum; (0, 0), ( x 2 − 1)( 3 e 3x+1) − 2x e 3x+1
_____
ii  _______________________
       
( x 2 − 1) 2
minimum; ( √e − 1 , e−1), maximum
2h
12 ii −  ___4 
e
12 a (0.927, 5), maximum
13 a x = −3.5, x = −1.5
b (1.86, 10), maximum
b x = 0.5, maximum; x = 3, minimum
π
(2 )
c (0, 5), maximum;   __  , −5 , minimum 14 y = 0.923x − 0.692
π
(4 )
__
d     , 3.10 , minimum 15 −1.41h
__
(  6  ,   2  ), maximum;

π__ ____ 3√ 3 
e
(
__
Chapter 15
2 )
5π −3√3 
  __  ,   _____  , minimum
6
13 a A = 2, B = 8
b (__
  1 ln 4, 8), minimum 1 a
− 7 b − 1
4
2 a 2.5, −3   4  
b 0, ___
25
14 A (1, 0), B (e−1, −e−1) __
3 a 20x3 − 5 b 9 √ x  + 10 x 4
15 a P (0, 0), Q (−2, 4e−2) b B (0, −2e), C (  1  )
0, e + ___
3e
Exercise 15.1
2(
  1  ) units2
1  3e + ___
c  __
3e 5
1 a   12 x 5 + c
y = ___ y =  __  x 9 + c
b
16 b 2.7 cm2 per second 5 9
π y = __
7
  22  + c
y = − ___
17   __ , maximum
b c     x 4 + c d
6 4 x
  1   + c
_
y = − ___
Past paper questions e
2x
f
y = 6 √ x + c
2 x 5 x 6 3 x 4 ____

5 x 2
1 a y = 2x − 1 2 y = x 7 + ____
a    + 3x + c y =  ___ − ____
b    +    + c
5 3 4 2
2 a  __
x
1  cos 2x cos  __ x
  − 2 sin 2x sin  __  15 x 2
3 3 3 c   13  + ___
y = − ___    + ___
   + c d 2   − ___
y = −  ___   1   − 2x + c
x x 2 x 9 x 6
x (sec2 x)(1 + ln x) − tan x
______________________
b          
x (1 + ln x)2
476
Answers
________
4  x 5 − x 3 + c √
(2x + 1)3 
3 a y = x − 3x + c 3 2
y =  __
b 3 y = __________
  + 2
5 3
______
y = __
c
8 __5 x 3
    x  2  + ___
   + 2 x 2 + c
x 4 x 3
y = ___
d    + ___   − 6 x 2 + c 4 y = 5 − 2 √10 − x 
5 3 4 3
5 y = (2x − 3)4 + 1
x 3 3 5
2  + ____
y =  ___ + ___
e     + c y = − __
f   x   1   + c
  2  − ___ (3x − 1)6
6 2x 2 x x 3 6 y = _________
  + 8
_3 9
x 4 6 _5 2 x  2 
  1   + c
_
y =  ___ − 2x − ___
g y = __
h     x  2  − ____
   − 20 √x + c
8 2x 5 3
4 y = x3 − 2x2 + x + 5 Exercise 15.4
5 y = 2x3 − 3x2 − 4 e 5x e 9x
a  ___ + c b  ___ + c
_1
6 1 c 2 e  2 x+ c
6 y = x 2 − __
  x  + 3 5 9
  2  x  2  + 8
_ 3
y = 8 √x − 4x + __ e −2x e 4x
__
7 − ____
d    + c e 4ex + c f  ___ + c
3 2 2
8 y = 2x3 −x2 + 5
e 7x+4 e 5−2x e 6x−1
9 a y = 2x3 − 6x2 + 8x + 1 g  _____  + c h − _____
   + c i  _____ + c
7 2 18
10 y = 2x2 − 5x + 1
e 3x e 4x
2 5 e x − ___
a    + c b  ___ + e 2x + x + c
3 4
Exercise 15.2 9 e 2x e −2x
c  _____   + 6x − ____
   + c d ex − 4e−x + c
x 2 2
  1   + c
8
1 a  __  + c b 2x + c 6
c − ___
2 x 2 e x
5 e 2x ___ e 5x
e  _____  −     + c f  ___ − 2 e 2x − 4 e −x + c
4 2 5
− __
d 4  + c
  x
_
e 6 √ x + c   4 _  + c
f − ____
x √ x _ 3 e 2x+1
1  x 3 − ______
3 a
2 e x + 2 √ x + c b  __     + c
3 2
x 3 7 x 2 2 x 3 ___
x 2 e x 1
2 a  ___ + ____
   + 10x + c b  ____ +    − 3x + c c  ___  + ___
    + c
3 2 3 2 4 3x
x 3 3 x 2
c  ___ − 5 x 2 + 25x + c d 4 x  2  + ___ 4 y = e2x − e−x + 4
__
   + 9x + c
3 2
5 a k = −7 b y = 7e2−x + 2x2 − 5
_
  7 
4
x
x 2 x ___ 3 2
3 x 3
e  ___ − ____ f  ____
_4
   +    + c  − 3 x  3  + c 6 y = 2e −2x
+ 6x − 6
4 3 2 7
b (__________ )
24e − 4 e 2 − 21
4 e 2 − e − 2 _____________
5 x 2 2 7 a k=6−e    ,      
3 x +  __
a x  + c b  ___ + ___
    + c 2e − 2 4e − 4
4 x 2
  1   − ____   1   + c
  1   − ____
_
− ___
c d 2 x 2 − 6 √ x + c
3x 3 x 2 9 x 3 Exercise 15.5
_
  5 
2 x 2 ___ x 6 ____ 9
 −   2   + c
2
e  ____ f  ___ − __
    −  x   + c 1   1  cos 4x + c
− __
a 1  sin 2x + c
b  __
5 _5
x  2  2 4 x 4 4 2
x 1  tan 5x + c
− 3 cos __
c     + c d  __
Exercise 15.3 3 5
e sin 2x + c f −2 cos 3x + c
1 1   (x + 2)10 + c
a  ___ 1   (2x − 5)7 + c
b  ___ 3
10 14 g   2  tan 3x + c
__ h  __  sin (2x + 1) + c
3 2
1   (3x + 2)10 + c
c  ___   1  (2 − 3x) 5 + c
d − __ 5
__
i     cos (2 − 3x) + c j sin (2x − 7) + c
15 5 3
3 2   (3x − 1)  2  + c 4  cos (1 − 5x) + c
e  ___  (7x + 2)  3  + c f  ___ k  __
_4 _5
l −2 tan (1 − 2x) + c
28 15 5
_____
4 2 a x + cos x + c 2 (x  2  − sin 3x)+ c
b  __
_3
g 12 √ x + 1 + c h − __________
    + c 3
5 (5x + 3)2
3 5x 3x
1
i  __________   + c   2  π cos ___
c  __  sin 2x + __    + c d − __ 1  − __
  x   2  sin ___
   + c
4 (3 − 2x) 3 2 5 2 3 2
__
1 (e 2x + 5 cos 2x) + c
e  __ f 4 √ x  − 2 cos __
x
    + c
(4x + 1)5
2 y = ________
    − 2 2 2
20
3 y = sin x + cos x + 2
477
π 2(x 2 − 2) ______

1  x √ x 2 − 4 + c
4 y = x − 2 sin 2x + 3 −   __  5 a  _________
______  b  __
4 √
x 2 − 4 2
5 y = 2x2 + 3 cos 2x − 5 _____
6 2  (x + 1) √ x − 5 + c
b  __
6 y = −5 cos 3x − 2 sin x − 6 3
1  x e 2x − __
  1  e 2x + c
7 a k=6 b y = 2 sin 3x − 4x + 2 + 4π 7 a 2x e2x b  __
2 4
π 1  x +   π __
( 2)
a y = 5 − 2 cos 2x −  __  b y = −  __ __ + 5 − √ 5 sin x
8 3  8 a k=1 b  ________  + c
2 6 1 − cos x
3π − 2
9 a k=2 b (  ______
  , 3) k = __
3 _____
2  (x + 8) √ x − 4 + c
6 9 a     b  __
2 3
10 a k=0
π + 2 2(2 - π)   2 2   + c
− ______
b W = ( 6 , )
10 a k = −2 b
x − 7
3
11 a 2x2 + 6x2 ln x 1  x 3ln x − __
b  __   1  x 3 + c
(
Tangents to the curve are: 3 9
4π
 4  , V : y = 4x −  ___ ) 12 a cos x − x sin x b sin x − x cos x + c
T : y = 8x − 2π − __
3 3
13 1  e 2x(sin 2x + cos 2x) + c
b  __
4
Exercise 15.6 14
2 − 14x
5 x______
a  __________  
______
b (x 2 + 3) √ 2x − 7 + c
1  ln x + c √
2x − 7
1 a 8 ln x +c b 5 ln x +c c  __
2
5
d  __  ln x + c
3
1  ln (3x + 2) + c
e  __
3
Exercise 15.8
7 1 a 127 b 1.5 c 24
f   1  ln (1 − 8x) + c
− __ g  __  ln (2x − 1) + c
8 2 d 15 e 10.5 f 7.5
h   4  ln (2 − 3x) + c
− __ 1  ln (5x − 1) + c
i  __ 12 ___
g
5
   
52
h  ___  i 75.5
3 2 12 81
13
7 x 2 j 26.4 k 3 ___
      1 
l 5 __
2 a  ____ + x + 2 ln x + c x − __
b 4  + 4 ln x + c
  x 24 3
2
9 2 a 68   2 
b 18 __ c 12.4
25x − __
c   x  − 30 ln x + c d x + ln x + c 3
d 0.5 e 0.25 f 8
5 ln x
e   1 3  − _____
− ____     + c   4 3  − 12 ln x + c
f 3 x 3 − ____
2 x 2 3 x 3 1  (e 2 − 1)
a  __ 1  (e − 1)
b  __
_5 2 4
2 x  2 
  4__  + c
g 5 ln x − ___ h  ____ − ln x + c 5(e 4 − 1)
√ x  5 c  ________   1  (e − 1)
d  __
2 e 4 3
e 3x ln x
i  ___ −  ____ + c 5(e − 1)
2
6 5 e  ________   1  (e 2 + 4e − 3)
f  __
2e 2
5
3 y = __
    ln (2x − 1) + 3
1   (3 e 4 + 8 e 3 + 6 e 2 − 17) 9 29
2 g  ___   22  − ___
h  __  e 2 − ___    
4 y = x2 + 5 ln x − 5 12 2 e 2
3 5
5 y = 1 + ln (x + e) 4 e 2 − ____
i   2  − __   
2 e 2 _
6 a 1 − 2 ln 2 b (2 ln 2, 2 ln 2 − 3) 3π √
3 
4 a 2 b   ___  c  ___ 
2 4
Exercise 15.7 __
3 π
2 − 8 _
1 (3 − √ 2 )
d √3 − __
    e   ______   f  __
2 16 6
x+5
1 b  ________
______  + c 4  ln 2 1  ln 11 3
√
2x − 1 5 a  __ b  __ c  __  ln 5
3 2 2
2 a 30x (3x2 − 1)4 1   (3 x 2 − 1)5 + c
b  ___ 5 9
30 − __
d     ln 3   2  ln ___
e − __   11  f 2 ln  __ 
2 3 2 7
3 a ln x + 1 b x ln x − x + c
2 ( 7 )
5
ln x 6 2 + __
a   11 
  2  ln ___ 1  ln 243
b  __ 1  ln __
c 2 +  __    
4   1 2 − ____
b − ___   2 + c 3 5 2 3
4x 2x
7 k=5
478
Answers
8 a A = −6
Exercise 15.11
9 a quotient = 2x + 1,
remainder = −1 1 2 units2
10 2 − __
5
    ln 3 2   1  units2
3 __
4 3
3 16 units2
3π
Exercise 15.9 4 5 −   ___  units2
4
5
1
3x
a  _______
______ 
1 
b 5  __ 5 a 10 __   2  units2 b 20  __  units2 1  units2
c 1  __
√
2x − 1 3 3 6 3
5
x 2 + 4
6_______ d 36 units2 e 20 __     units2
2 a  _________   b 4 6
√
3 x 2 + 4 1  units2 3
6 a  __ b  __  units2
2x 1  3 4
3 − ________
a   2   b  __
( x + 5) 2 9 7 34 units2
3x + 2 2  units2
4 a  ___________
________  b 2 8 a (−2, 0) b 42  __
2 √(3x + 4)3  3
__
π√ 2    4   units2
4 ___
5 b   ____  9
20 15
1  (π − 2)
b  __ 5π __
6 a sin x + x cos x
2 10   ___  − 2√3  π units2
3
7 a x + 2x ln x b 1 + e2
35
1   (π − 2) 11  ___ − 6 ln 6units2
8 a sin 3x + 3x cos 3x b  ___ 2
18
Exercise 15.10 Past paper questions and practice

3 1  units2
questions
1 6 __
a     units2 b 13  __ c 6 units2
4 2 1 a 2xex
2 1  e x
b  __
2
c 26.8
2
2+π
d   2  units2
1 + e − __ e e 5 units 2
f   _____
  units2
4 2 a   1   + 1
y = 2 x 2 − _____ b 8x + 34y = 93
x+1
__
5π
  1  units2
2
2 1 __
a b 5√2  − 5 −   ____  units2 3 5 + 2 ln 5
3 72
5 4 a A=4
4 ln __
c     units2 d ln 5 units2
2 5 i −4x e4x, so p = −4
3   1   units2
3 ___ 15
4 ln 2 − ___
ii    , so a = 4, b = −15, c = 16
12 16
1  units2 5
4 a  __ b 20  __  units2 c 8 units2 3
  2  x  2  + c
i  __  x 2 − __
_5
6 6 6 ii (9, 0) iv 16.2
2 5
3
d   1  units2
49 __ e 32  __  units2 1  units2
f 21  __ 7 a (2x − 1) (x2 − x − 1)
3 4 3 __
1 + √ 5
5 12 units2 b At A, x = __   1 and at B, x = _______
 
2 2
6 a 9 units2 b 1.6 __
19
ln(1 + √ 5 ) + ___
c    
7 b 1 + e units 2 2 24
8 a i   1   ( 10x − 1) −5 + c
− ___
8   1  (e 4 + 1)
k = __ 50
2
__2 20
9 b 5 ln 5 − 4 units2 ii     x 6 + ___   x 3 + 25 ln x + c
3 3
10 b π − 1 units2 b i 3 sec2 (3x + 1) ii 0.322
9 a=3
45
10 i A (0.25, 3.75), B (4, 15) ii ___
   
16
479
4  4π
11 i At A, x = −2 and at B, x = −  __ 6 a t =   ___  b −1.90 m s−2
9 3
ii C (0, 4), D (__
  1  , 0) 241  c t
iii  ____
3 324 3
dy
___ π 2
12 i     = 3 − 2 cos 2x ii y = 3x − sin 2x −   __  1
dx 4
0
iii y = −0.789x − 0.294 –1 4π 8π a
__ –2
9 √ 3
13 ____
  , so p = 9 –3
20
π
14   1  e 2x+1 + c
__
a 7 a t =   __  b −3 m s−2
2 4
dy ln x − 1 x 8 a v = 4 sin 2t, a = 8 cos 2t
b i ___
    = ________
      1  + c
ii  ____  − __
dx ( ln x) 2 ln x x π
b t =   __  seconds, s = 4 m
4   2
iii  ___
_
  1  _
  3 
15 i
3x (2x − 1) 2 + ( 2x − 1) 2 ii p = 3, q = 1
15 1  ln 2
9 t =  __
a b 0.899 m c 24.1 m
3 2
16 y = 3 x + __
3
    + 1
x 10 a 2 m away from O
(   1  , 2)
3
17 __
i iii  __ 
2 4 b v = 2 − 4 sin 2t, a = −8 cos 2t
π π __
c t =   ___  seconds, s =   __  + √ 3 
12 6
Chapter 16 π π
d t =   __  seconds, s =   __ 
4 2
Pre-requisite Knowledge 11
π
a t =   __  seconds b a = −4k sin 4t c k=5
8
3 2  m s−1
1 a 1.25 m s −1
1  __ m s−1
b 12 a 2 m s−1 b i 2 m s−1 ii  __
7 3
2 a 0.75 m s−2 b 1800 m c i 0 m s−2 2  m s−2
ii −  __
9
d s
Exercise 16.1
1 a 12.5 m s−1 b t=6 c −2.4 m s−2
8
2 a 6ms −1
b 10 m s −2
3 a 4.95 m s−1 b 5 c 1 m s−2

d v
5
O 4 t
5
e 2 ln  __  m
4
5
13 a 2m b t =  __ seconds
3
O t
5 5
0  t  __
c     and t  4 d __
     t  4
3 3
4   1  (e 4 − 2)
a t = __ b 5.4 m s −1
3
ln (__
   ) m
7
5 a t=2 b
5
c −0.25 m s−2 Exercise 16.2
1 a 16 m s−1 b 15 seconds c 2  m
12  __
3
  2  m
166 __
d e 189 __   1  m
3 3
16 t
2 a −1 m s−2 b s =   _____  c 1.6 m
t+2
480
Answers
3 a 2(4e2 + 1) m s−2 b s = 2e2t + t2 − 2 3 1  e 2t + 3 e −2t − t − 3 . 5

i  __ 1  ln 3
ii  __ iii 10 m s−2
2 2
c 111 m
63
4 ii 0 m s−2 iii 3t 3 − ___
   t 2 + 90t
9π2
(
  ____ + 6) m, __
2
4   1  m s−2
8 3 iv a 78 m b 88.5 m
5 b 29.75 m s−2 c 109 m 1  ln 2
5 i
x = 6e 2t − 24t 2 − 6 ii  __
2
6 p = 6, q = −6 iii 24 − 24 ln 2 m s−1
7 a t=5 6 a i a=0 ii 110 m
b v π
b i 2.5 m s−1 ii t =   __ 
4
10 7 a t=3 b 3m
8 0.565 m
9 i answer between 0.48 m and 0.49 m
0 ii −25 m s−2
O 5 t
5
10 i − __

   m s−2 ii k = 27 iii 280 m
3
11 a v ms –1
c 62.5 m
3
8 a t = 2, t = 6 b 5.5 m c 112 m
9 a −12  a  12 b 5.74 m
10 a 0.64 m s−2 b 12.1 m 1.6
2π 2π
b (4√3  +   ___ ) m
__
11 a t =   ___ 
3 3
12 1
__
a p =     , q = −2 b s = ___  1   t3 − t2 + 3t
2 12 O 60 75 80t s
c t=6 11
___
d     m
12 b 218.5 m c 0.32 m s−2
2πt πt πt 12 i v = 6 cos 2t − 8 sin 2t,
13 a v =   ____
  cos   ___  + 2 sin   ___  ,
3 3 3 a = −12 sin 2t − 16 cos 2t
2π2t πt 4π πt ii t = 0.322 seconds iii a = −20 m s−2
a = −   ____
  sin   ___  +   ___  cos   ___ 
9 3 3 3
13 i v = 2e − 10e − 12, a = 4e − 10et
2t t 2t
Past paper questions ii t = ln 6 seconds iii 84 m s−2
1 i t=1 2  t 3 − 7t 2 + 12t

ii  __ iii −2 m s−2
3
2 a i v ms–1
k
30 O 120 135 s
ii k = 30, a = 1 m s−2
b 50 m s−1
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CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ AND O LEVEL ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS: COURSEBOOK

O 0.5 x Exercise 1.2

Range: ​fg​(x)​ ∈ ℝ, fg​(x)​  − __ ​ 1 ​​ e x = −2, x = 1, x = 3

21 17 cm and 23 cm h ​​​ x − __ ​ 11 ​​

g (x + 4.5)2 − 20.25 12 a 18.5 − 2(x − 1.5)2

h (x + 1.5)2 − 2.25 b (1.5, 18.5)

3 a (x − 4)2 − 1 c ∩ shaped curve, vertex = (1.5, 18.5)

b (x − 5)2 − 30 13 a 13.25 − (x − 2.5)2

c (x − 3)2 − 7 b (2.5, 13.25), maximum

d (x − 1.5)2 + 1.75 c −7  f (x)  13.25

e (x + 3)2 − 4 d No, it is not a one-one function.

Exercise 2.4 3 k  0.5

ii ​​(​ __ ​ , − ___

1 ​ , k = 9​ b 370 remainder 2

e x4 − 10x3 + 29x2 − 20x + 4 c ​​ 1 ​​

c x2 − 15x + 25 d x2 + 2x + 1 6 x = −5.54, x = −3 or x = 0.54

c x − 4 d x+3 9 a 2x3 − 11x2 + 10x + 8

Exercise 3.4 5 a a = −8, b = 15

1 A (−1, 0), B (2, 0), C (3, 0), D (0, 6)

(−2, 0), ( ​ 1 ​ , 0)​ , (2, 0), (0, −4)

Past paper questions and practice

(−4, 0), ( ​ 1 ​ , 0)​, (3, 0), (0, 12)

e 5 f 3.5 c x=6 d x=4

3 a 0.0462 b 724 g f −1 (x) = ln (2 − x), x  2

2 a asymptote: x = −2, x-intercept: (−1.5, 0), y-intercept: Past paper questions

x x b y = ​10​​ −7​ × ​10​​ ​ 2 ​x​

Exercise 6.7 7 i A = −2, B = 3 ii y = 0.1

centre ( ​ ​)​ , radius 2​​√ 2 ​​

6 y ​(x − 1)​​2​ + ​( y − 1)​​2​ = 1

​x​​ 2​ + ​​​(y − 1 − ___

–4 –2 O 2 4 6 8 10 x d (−2, −3), (1.4, 3.8)

b (0, 1) 2 a 90° b 30° c 15°

1 a (−3, 8) Degrees 225 270 315 360

Chapter 8 Exercise 8.2

Exercise 8.1 2 a 9.6 cm b 2 cm

9 a 24.3 cm2 b 37.7 cm2 c 13.4 cm2

iii amplitude = 2, period = 120°, (0, 2), (60, −2), 9 a = 9, b = 4, c = 6

ii (90°, −2) 4 336

11 a x = 30°, 60°, 120°, 150° 5 480

b ϕ = 0.132, ϕ = 1.18 10 a n=6 b n=9 c n=7

5 a i 60 480 ii 144 iii 1680 d 8 e 40 f 160

2 a 1 + 4x + 6x2 + 4x3 + x4 10 −945

h 16x + 96x y + 216x y + 216xy + 81y

1 ​ ​​x​​ −​ _12 ​​​ − __5 _3

iii 78 iv 27 j 15x2 + 10x

21 a ii 970 k −2x−2 + 10x−3

k 5(2x − 3)(x2 − 3x)4 5 x = −2, __ ​ 1 ​,​ 1.5

(​​ 1 − 2x)​​​ _​ 2 ​​

6 0.75, −3 − 5​(x − 3)​

5 25p 2​(​x​​ 3​ + 6 ​x​​ 2​ + 3x + 2)​

3 −4 units per second

6 ​​ 1 ​​units per second

9 ​​ 1 ​​ cm s−1

e (−3, −18) minimum, ​​(__

f (−4, −13) maximum, (2, −1) minimum e 150π, minimum

c (−1, 7), maximum c A = 87.5 cm2, x = 7.00 cm

Chapter 13 5 1 ​ (3i + 4j)​

a ​​(​ 20) ​( 30

Exercise 13.3 Exercise 13.4

8 a (10i + 6j) km c ​ ​ ​)​​ + t ​​(−25

Exercise 14.2 − 12 sin x ​cos​​ 3​x

2 a 1 + ln x b 2x + 4x ln x e 15 tan 3x sec 3x f sec x + x tan x sec x

1 ​ + ln x​ x ​sec​​ 2​x − tan x

Range: fg(x) ∈ ℝ, fg(x)  − __   1  e x = −2, x = 1, x = 3

21 17 cm and 23 cm h x − __   11 

ii (   , − _

1  , k = 9 b 370 remainder 2

e x4 − 10x3 + 29x2 − 20x + 4 c   1 

(−2, 0), (   1  , 0) , (2, 0), (0, −4)

(−4, 0), (   1  , 0), (3, 0), (0, 12)

x x b y = 10 −7 × 10  2 x

centre (    ) , radius 2√ 2 

6 y (x − 1)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 1

x 2 + (y − 1 − ___

1  x − _12  − __5 _3

k 5(2x − 3)(x2 − 3x)4 5 x = −2, __   1 , 1.5

( 1 − 2x)  _  2 

6 0.75, −3 − 5(x − 3)

5 25p 2(x 3 + 6 x 2 + 3x + 2)

6   1  units per second

9   1   cm s−1

e (−3, −18) minimum, (__

Chapter 13 5 1  (3i + 4j)

a ( 20) ( 30

8 a (10i + 6j) km c ) + t (−25

Exercise 14.2 − 12 sin x cos 3x

1  + ln x x sec 2x − tan x

(  6  ,   2  ), maximum;

2 x 5 x 6 3 x 4 ____

π 2(x 2 − 2) ______

3 a 2(4e2 + 1) m s−2 b s = 2e2t + t2 − 2 3 1  e 2t + 3 e −2t − t − 3 . 5

1 i t=1 2  t 3 − 7t 2 + 12t