PCS-902D Instruction Manual en General X R1.01 (En XLBH5102.0086.0002)

PCS-902
Line Distance Relay

Instruction Manual
Nanjing Nari-Relays Electric Co., Ltd.

PCS-902 Line Distance Relay
Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NARI-RELAYS is dispatched separately from

manufactured goods and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided
to ensure that printed information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the
recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
Health and Safety

The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Qualified personnel are individuals who:
z Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
z Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
z Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
z Are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).
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Instructions and Warnings

The following indicators and standard definitions are used:
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
z Exposed terminals
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Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
z Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
z Earth
The earthing terminal of the equipment must be securely earthed
z Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
z Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
z Printed circuit board
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
z External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
z Connection cable
Carefully handle the connection cable without applying excessive force.
Copyright
Manual: R1.01 NANJING NARI-RELAYS ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
P/N: EN_XLBH5102.0086.0002 69 SuYuan. Avenue, Nanjing 211102，China
Copyright © NR 2009. All rights reserved
Tel: 86-25-87178185, Fax: 86-25-87178208
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information Website: www.nari-relays.com
contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and Email: international@nari-relays.com
dissemination to third parties is strictly forbidden except where
expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically,

and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or
improvement are greatly appreciated.
We reserve the rights to make technical improvements without
notice.
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Table of Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................................... i
Introduction........................................................................................................................ i
Health and Safety .............................................................................................................. i
Instructions and Warnings ...............................................................................................ii
Table of Contents .....................................................................................................................iv

Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................1
1.1 Application ...................................................................................................................1
1.2 Function .......................................................................................................................2
1.3 Features........................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2 Technical Data .........................................................................................................5
2.1 Electrical Specifications .............................................................................................5
2.1.1 Analog Input Ratings.........................................................................................5
2.1.2 Power Supply .....................................................................................................5
2.1.3 Binary Input .......................................................................................................6
2.1.4 Binary Output.....................................................................................................6
2.1.5 Power Supply Output for Opto-coupler ...........................................................6
2.2 Mechanical Specifications ..........................................................................................6
2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range ..............................................................7
2.4 Communication Port ...................................................................................................7
2.4.1 Communication Port for RTU/SCADA .............................................................7
2.4.2 Communication Port for Print ..........................................................................8
2.4.3 RS-485 for Clock Synchronization ...................................................................8
2.5 Type Tests ....................................................................................................................8
2.5.1 Environmental Tests ..........................................................................................8
2.5.2 Mechanical Tests ...............................................................................................8
2.5.3 Electrical Tests ..................................................................................................8
2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility .........................................................................9
2.6 Certifications ................................................................................................................9
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2.7 Protective Functions .................................................................................................10
2.7.1 Optical Interface ..............................................................................................10
2.7.2 Fault Detector ..................................................................................................10
2.7.3 Pilot Protection ................................................................................................10
2.7.4 DPFC Distance Protection .............................................................................. 11
2.7.5 Distance Protection ......................................................................................... 11
2.7.6 Directional Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection ..................................... 11
2.7.7 Inverse-time Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection ................................... 11
2.7.8 Broken conductor protection ......................................................................... 11
2.7.9 Transient Overreach ........................................................................................ 11
2.7.10 Fault Locator ..................................................................................................12
2.7.11 Auto-Reclosing ..............................................................................................12
Chapter 3 Protection Description ..........................................................................................13
3.1 General Description ..................................................................................................13
3.2 General Fault Detector Element (GFD) ....................................................................13
3.2.1 DPFC Overcurrent Element ............................................................................13
3.2.2 Zero-sequence Overcurrent Element.............................................................14
3.2.3 Pole Discrepancy Element ..............................................................................14
3.3 Protective Fault Detector Element (PFD) .................................................................14
3.4 DPFC Distance Protection ........................................................................................15
3.5 Pilot Protection ..........................................................................................................16
3.5.1 General Description ........................................................................................16
3.5.2 Communication Channel ................................................................................18
3.5.3 Directional Comparison Element ...................................................................18
3.5.4 Current Reversal..............................................................................................20
3.5.5 Logic Scheme ..................................................................................................21
3.6 Overcurrent Protection .............................................................................................26
3.6.1 Application .......................................................................................................26
3.6.2 Scheme logic ...................................................................................................26
3.7 Distance Protection ...................................................................................................29
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3.7.1 Distance Element with Memorized Polarization ............................................30
3.7.2 Phase-to-ground Distance Element ...............................................................32
3.7.3 Phase-to-phase distance element ..................................................................34
3.7.4 Blinder Scheme ...............................................................................................34
3.7.5 Power Swing Blocking Releasing (PSBR) .....................................................35
3.7.6 Scheme Logic ..................................................................................................36
3.8 Switch onto Fault Protection ....................................................................................37
3.8.1 Zero-sequence SOTF Protection ....................................................................38
3.8.2 Distance SOTF Protection ..............................................................................38
3.9 Fault Phase Selection (FPS) .....................................................................................39
3.9.1 FPS Based on Deviation of Operation Voltage .............................................39
3.9.2 FPS Based on Phase Difference between I0 and I2A .....................................39
3.10 Pole Discrepancy .....................................................................................................40
3.10.1 PD State by Single-phase Trip ......................................................................41
3.10.2 PD State by Three-phase Trip .......................................................................41
3.11 Broken Conductor Protection .................................................................................41
3.12 Trip Scheme .............................................................................................................42
3.13 Automatic Reclosure ...............................................................................................46
3.13.1 General Description ......................................................................................46
3.13.2 Design ............................................................................................................47
3.13.3 Get Ready .......................................................................................................47
3.13.4 Initiating .........................................................................................................48
3.13.5 Check Reclosing Conditions ........................................................................48
3.13.6 Reclosing Time Delay ...................................................................................48
3.13.7 Dwell Time ......................................................................................................49
3.13.8 Lockout ..........................................................................................................49
3.13.9 Scheme Logic ................................................................................................50
Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision .........................................................................................53
4.2 Understand the Alarms..............................................................................................53
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4.3 Relay Self-supervision ..............................................................................................54
4.3.1 Fault Detection Check .....................................................................................54
4.3.2 Trip Output Circuit Check ...............................................................................54
4.3.3 Settings Check.................................................................................................54
4.4 AC Input Monitoring ..................................................................................................55
4.4.1 Voltage and Current Drift Monitoring and Auto-adjustion ...........................55
4.4.2 DSP Sampling Monitoring...............................................................................55
4.4.3 CPU Sampling Monitoring ..............................................................................55
4.5 Secondary Circuit Monitoring ..................................................................................55
4.5.1 Opto-coupler Power Supervision ...................................................................55
4.5.2 Circuit Breaker Supervision ...........................................................................55
4.5.3 Bus VT Circuit Supervision ............................................................................55
4.5.4 Line Voltage Circuit Supervision ....................................................................56
4.5.5 CT Circuit Supervision ....................................................................................56
4.5.6 Binary Input Supervision ................................................................................57
Chapter 5 Metering and Recording .......................................................................................59
5.1 Metering......................................................................................................................59
5.2 Recording ...................................................................................................................60
5.2.1 General description .........................................................................................60
5.2.2 Event recorder .................................................................................................60
5.2.3 Disturbance recorder ......................................................................................60
Chapter 6 Hardware Description ...........................................................................................63
6.2 Typical Wiring ............................................................................................................64
6.3 Plug-in Modules .........................................................................................................65
6.3.1 CPU Module (NR 1101B) .................................................................................66
6.3.2 DSP Module......................................................................................................67
6.3.3 MON Module ....................................................................................................68
6.3.4 AI Module (NR 1401) ........................................................................................69
6.3.5 GOOSE Module (optional) ..............................................................................70
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6.3.6 BI Module (NR 1502A) .....................................................................................70
6.3.7 BO Module (NR 1550) ......................................................................................75
6.3.8 BO Module (NR 1551) ......................................................................................78
6.3.9 BO Module (NR 1551B) ...................................................................................79
6.3.10 PWR Module (NR 1301A) ..............................................................................80
6.3.11 Display Panel .................................................................................................81
Chapter 7 Settings ..................................................................................................................83
7.1 Equipment Parameters..............................................................................................83
7.2 System Parameters ...................................................................................................85
7.3 Protection Settings ....................................................................................................85
7.4 Logic Settings ............................................................................................................92
7.5 Virtual EBI ..................................................................................................................97
Chapter 8 Human Machine Interface .....................................................................................99
8.1 Overview.....................................................................................................................99
8.1.1 Keypad Operation ..........................................................................................100
8.1.2 LED Indications .............................................................................................101
8.1.3 Communication Port .....................................................................................102
8.1.4 Communication .............................................................................................102
8.2 Understand the HMI Menu Tree ..............................................................................103
8.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................103
8.2.2 VALUES ..........................................................................................................106
8.2.3 REPORT .........................................................................................................106
8.2.4 PRINT..............................................................................................................106
8.2.5 SETTINGS ......................................................................................................107
8.2.6 CONTROL .......................................................................................................108
8.2.7 CLOCK ............................................................................................................108
8.2.8 VERSION ........................................................................................................108
8.2.9 DEBUG ...........................................................................................................108
8.2.10 INTERFACE ..................................................................................................109
8.3 Understand the LCD Display ..................................................................................109
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8.3.1 Normal Status Display...................................................................................109
8.3.2 Display Fault Report...................................................................................... 110
8.3.3 Display Self-supervision Report .................................................................. 111
8.3.4 Display Binary Signal .................................................................................... 111
8.3.5 Display Run Report ....................................................................................... 112
8.4 Keypad Operation .................................................................................................... 113
8.4.1 View Device Status ........................................................................................ 113
8.4.2 View Device Report ....................................................................................... 113
8.4.3 View Module Information .............................................................................. 114
8.4.4 Print Device Report ....................................................................................... 114
8.4.5 View Device Setting ....................................................................................... 115
8.4.6 Modify Device Setting ................................................................................... 116
8.4.7 Copy Device Setting ...................................................................................... 118
8.4.8 Switch Setting Group .................................................................................... 118
8.4.9 Delete Device Message ................................................................................. 119
8.4.10 Modify Device Clock.................................................................................... 119
8.4.11 Check Software Version .............................................................................. 119
8.4.12 Communication Test ...................................................................................120
Chapter 9 Communications .................................................................................................123
9.1 General Description ................................................................................................123
9.2 Rear Communication Port Information ..................................................................123
9.2.1 RS-485 Interface ............................................................................................123
9.2.2 Ethernet Interface ..........................................................................................125
9.2.3 IEC60870-5-103 Communication ..................................................................126
9.3 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Serial Port .............................................................126
9.3.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer ...........................................................126
9.3.2 Initialization ....................................................................................................126
9.3.3 Time Synchronization ...................................................................................127
9.3.4 Spontaneous Events .....................................................................................127
9.3.5 General Interrogation ....................................................................................127
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9.3.6 General Service .............................................................................................127
9.3.7 Disturbance Records ....................................................................................128
9.4 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Ethernet ................................................................128
9.5 Messages Description for IEC61850 Protocol .......................................................128
9.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................128
9.5.2 Communication profiles ...............................................................................129
9.5.3 Server data organization ...............................................................................130
9.5.4 Server features and configuration ...............................................................132
9.5.5 ACSI Conformance ........................................................................................134
9.5.6 Logical Nodes ................................................................................................138
9.6 GOOSE Service ........................................................................................................141
9.6.1 GOOSE Introduction .....................................................................................141
9.6.2 GOOSE Function ...........................................................................................141
Chapter 10 Installation And Commissioning ......................................................................143
10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................143
10.2 Safety Information .................................................................................................143
10.3 Overview.................................................................................................................145
10.4 Unpacking And Checking The Protection Equipment ........................................145
10.5 Installing The Protective Device ...........................................................................146
10.5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................146
10.5.2 Dimensions ..................................................................................................147
10.5.3 Grounding Guidelines .................................................................................147
10.5.4 Cubicle Grounding ......................................................................................148
10.5.5 Ground Connection on the Device.............................................................149
10.5.6 Grounding Strips and their Installation .....................................................149
10.5.7 Making the electrical connections .............................................................149
10.6 Check The External Circuitry................................................................................151
10.7 Energizing The Protective Device ........................................................................152
10.8 Setting The Protective Device ..............................................................................153
10.9 Establishing Connection And Verifying Communication ...................................153
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10.10 Verifying settings by secondary injection .........................................................153
10.10.1 Insulation test (if required) .......................................................................154
10.10.2 AC measurement check ............................................................................155
10.10.3 Print fault report ........................................................................................155
10.10.4 On-load Checks .........................................................................................156
10.11 Final Check ...........................................................................................................156
Chapter 11 Maintenance .......................................................................................................157
11.1 Appearance Check .................................................................................................157
11.2 Failure Tracing And Repair ...................................................................................157
11.3 Replace Failed Modules ........................................................................................158
11.4 Replace Button Battery .........................................................................................159
11.5 Cleaning..................................................................................................................159
11.6 Storage ...................................................................................................................159
Chapter 12 Decommissioning and Disposal ......................................................................161
12.1 Decommissioning ..................................................................................................161
12.2 Disposal..................................................................................................................161
Chapter 13 Manual Version History.....................................................................................163
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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Application
The PCS-902 is a digital EHV line distance protection with the main and back-up protection
functions, which mainly is designed for transmission line of 220KV and above.
Figure 1.1-1 Typical application of PCS-902
The main protection of PCS-902 comprises of pilot distance protection, pilot directional
zero-sequence protection, which can clear the fault immediately for the whole line. DPFC distance
protection can reach to extremely fast speed for the fault near the busbar.
The back-up protection of PCS-902D comprises of phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground distance

protection, directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection, broken conductor protection and
inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection. In addition, phase/zero-sequence overcurrent
protection are automatically put into service as a substitution of distance protection when VT
circuit failure.
PCS-902 can implement single-phase or three-phase trip and configurable auto-reclosing that can
implement 1-pole, 3-poles and 1/3-pole reclosing.
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Figure 1.1-2 Functional diagram of PCS-902D
1.2 Function
1. Main protection
Pilot protection (85)
z Pilot distance protection
z Directional earth-fault protection
DPFC distance protection (21D)
2. Backup protection
Three zones phase-to-phase distance protection (21P)
Three zones phase-to-ground distance protection (21G)
Definite-time directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection (67G)
Inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection (IDMT)
Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure (51PVT)
Zero-sequence overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure (51GVT)
Broken conductor protection (46BC)
Switch onto fault (SOTF)
z Distance protection for SOTF
z Directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection for SOTF
3. Additional function
Power swing blocking releasing
Auto-reclosing (79)
Synchronism check (25)
VT circuit supervision (VTS)
CT circuit supervision (CTS)
Line VT circuit supervision (LVTS)
Self diagnostic test
Voltage and current drift auto regulation
Fault location (FL)
Fault phase selection
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Note!
DPFC is the abbreviation of “Deviation of Power Frequency Component”. In case of a fault

in the power system, the fault current consists of three parts: the power frequency
components before the fault, the power frequency variables during the fault and the
transient variables during the fault. DPFC is the power frequency variables during the fault.
1.3 Features
1. Protection and Control
It adopts the new UAPC hardware platform of NR, and its AC inputs can support the electric
instrument transformer and conventional instrument transformer.
It adopts the high performance MCU and DSP processors, high speed inner bus and
intelligent I/O interfaces. The modularization design of the hardware and software makes this
device be configured to meet the demands of different practical application, and it is very
convenient for maintenance.
High precision 16 bits A/D converter is adopted in this protection device.
On the premise of 24 samples per cycle, all data measurement, calculation and logic
discrimination could be finished within one sampling period. The event recording and
protection logic calculation also can be finished simultaneously.
This protection device can communicate with SAS or RTU, optional communication protocol:
IEC60870-5-103 or IEC61850
Quickly clearing the internal fault for whole line, the time is less than 10 ms for fault where is
near the busbar, is less than 15ms for fault where is in the center of line and is less than 25ms
for fault where is in the remote end.
Plug connectors from the relay rear panel to the terminal blocks on the rack or cabinet, which
makes the on-site commissioning and replacement much easier than what you do the
commissioning using the traditional screw terminals on the rear panel.
Two independent data acquisition paths, one for fault detector element and another for
protections and logic functions, to prevent any undesired trip.
The unique DPFC distance element is integrated in the protective device, which can clear the
internal fault quickly with high sensitivity and high speed and is not affected by power swing.
Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects deviation of power frequency component
can defend system imbalance and system disturbance. Hence, it is both rather reliable and
very fast, and it is very sensitive but does not pickup frequently.
The broken conductor protection can be used to detect the broken conductor condition, and it
is selectable that the broken conductor protection will give alarm or trip at detecting broken
conductors.

Main protection adopts integral transform to ensure high-speed; Back-up protection adopts
Fourier transform, which has an excellent filtering result, to ensure accuracy.
24 samples per cycle, all task including data measurement, protection calculation, logic
discrimination, event recording and protection logic calculation could be done within one
sampling period.
GPS clock synchronization – PPS (pulse per second), PPM (pulse per minute), RS-485
difference level and IRIG-B synchronization
High-speed 64 Kbit/s PCM channel or 2048 Kbit/s dedicated optical fiber channel for pilot
scheme (optional)
2. Communication
2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
1 RS-485 communication rear ports for clock synchronization
2 optional Ethernet ports, IEC 61850, or IEC 60870-5-103 over TCP/IP
3. Monitoring and Metering
Event Recorder including 256 binary input change reports, 256 self-supervision reports and
256 operating reports.
Disturbance recorder including 256 fault reports, and 64 waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
Self diagnostic test
4. User Interface
Friendly HMI interface with 320×240-dot LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.
1 RS-232 communication faceplate port for testing and setting
1 RS-232 communication rear ports or RS-485 for printer
Multi-language - English, Chinese, Russian option
Auxiliary software - PCSPC

Chapter 2 Technical Data
2.1 Electrical Specifications

2.1.1 Analog Input Ratings
1. Analog current
Standard IEC 60255-27:2005

Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency 50±5Hz, 60±5Hz
Rated Current 1A 5A
Linear to 0.05In~40In 0.05In~40In
Thermal withstand
-continuously 4In 4In
-for 10s 30In 30In
-for 1s 100In 100In
-for half a cycle 250In 250In
Burden < 0.2VA/phase @In < 0.25VA/phase @In
2. Analog voltage

Rated Voltage (Un) 100V, 110V 200V
Linear to 0.01Un~1.7Un 0.01Un~1.7Un
Thermal withstand
-continuously 2Un 1.1Un
-10s 2.6Un 1.9Un
-1s 3Un 2.1Un
Burden at rated < 0.25VA/phase @Un
2.1.2 Power Supply

Rated Voltage 110V/125V, 220V/250V
Variation 80%Un~120%Un
Permissible AC ripple
≤15% of the nominal auxiliary voltage
voltage
Voltage short
100ms for interruption without de-energizing
interruptions
Voltage dips Up to 10s for dips 40%Un without reset
Burden
Quiescent condition <20W
Operating condition <25W

Technical Data
2.1.3 Binary Input

Rated Voltage (Un) 24V, 48V, 110V, 125V, 220V, 250V
Maximal pickup
70%Un
voltage
Minimum dropout
55%Un
voltage
Maximum permissible
120%Un
voltage
Withstand 2000VAC, 3000VDC
Resolving time for
<1ms
logic input
2.1.4 Binary Output

Item Tripping contact Signal contact
Output mode Potential free contact
8A@250V AC
Continuous carry 8A
5A@30V DC
Pickup time <5ms <10ms
Breaking capacity 0.05A@110V DC resistance 0.2A@220V DC resistance
Making capacity
2000VA 3040VA
(L/R=40ms)
Maximal system 250V AC 380V AC
voltage 30V DC 250V DC
Test voltage across
1000V RMS for 1min 1200V RMS for 1min
open contact
Short duration current 30A@0.5S 35A@0.5S
2.1.5 Power Supply Output for Opto-coupler

Standard IEC 60255-1
Rated Voltage 24V
Rated Current 200mA
Maximal current 500mA
2.2 Mechanical Specifications
Enclosure dimensions
482.6×177×291 (unit: mm)
(W×H×D)
Mounting Way Flush mounted
Trepanning
450×179, M6 screw
dimensions (W×H)
Housing color Silver grey
Weight per device Approx. 20kg

Display language English

Housing material Aluminum
Location of terminal Rear panel of the device
Protection class
Front side IP40, up to IP51 (Flush mounted)
Other sides IP30
Rear side, connection
IP20
terminals
2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range

Operating
-25°C to +55°C
temperature
Transport and storage
-40°C to +70°C
temperature range
Permissible humidity 5%-95%, condensation not permissible
2.4 Communication Port
2.4.1 Communication Port for RTU/SCADA

Port number 2
Baud rate 4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200
Transmission distance <1000m@4800bps
Electrical Maximal capacity 32
Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Port number 2
RS-485
Connector type ST
(EIA)
Baud rate 4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200
Transmission standard 100Base-FX
Optical Transmission distance <1500m
(Optional) Optical fibre type Multi-mode fibre
Wave length 850/820nm
Fibre size 62.5/125μm (core DIA/cladding DIA)
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997
Port number 2
Ethernet Electrical Connector type RJ-45
Transmission rate 100Mbits/s

Technical Data
Transmission standard 100Base-TX

Transmission distance <100m
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997 or IEC 61850
Port number 2
Connector type SC
Transmission rate 100Mbits
Transmission standard 100Base-TX
Optical
Optical fibre type Multi-mode or single-mode
(Optional)
Wave length 853/1310nm for multi-mode
1310/1550nm for single-mode
Fibre size 62.5/125μm (core DIA/cladding DIA)
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997 or IEC 61850
2.4.2 Communication Port for Print

Prot number 1
Baud Rate 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400
RS-232 (EIA)
Printer type EPSON® 300K printer
2.4.3 RS-485 for Clock Synchronization

Port number 1
RS-485 (EIA) Maximal capacity 32
Timing standard PPS, IRIG-B
2.5 Type Tests
2.5.1 Environmental Tests
Dry cold test Per IEC60068-2-1:2007

Dry heat test Per IEC60068-2-2:2007
Damp heat test, cyclic Per IEC60068-2-30:2005
2.5.2 Mechanical Tests
Vibration Per IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class I

Shock and bump Per IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class I
2.5.3 Electrical Tests

Dielectric tests Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min

Impulse voltage tests Test voltage 5kV
Insulation resistance
Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC
measurements
2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility

1MHz burst disturbance Per IEC 60255-22-1:2007
test Common mode: class III 2.5KV
Differential mode: class III 1.0KV
Electrostatic discharge Per IEC60255-22-2:2008 class IV
test For contact discharge: 8kV
For air discharge: 15kV
Radio frequency Per IEC 60255-22-3:2007 class III
interference tests Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80…1000MHz
Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz
Radiated pulse-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=900MHz
Fast transient Per IEC 60255-22-4:2008
disturbance tests Power supply, I/O, Earth: class IV, 4kV, 2.5kHz, 5/50ns
Communication terminals: class IV, 2kV, 5kHz, 5/50ns
Surge immunity test Per IEC 60255-22-5:2008
Power supply, AC input, I/O port: class IV, 1.2/50us
Common mode: 2kV
Differential mode: 1kV
Conducted RF Per IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Electromagnetic Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class III, 10Vrms, 150
Disturbance kHz~80MHz
Power Frequency Per IEC 61000-4-8:2001
Magnetic Field Immunity class V, 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
Pulse Magnetic Field Per IEC 61000-4-9:2001
Immunity class V, 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
Damped oscillatory IEC 61000-4-10:2001
magnetic field immunity class V, 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m
2.6 Certifications
z ISO9001: 2000

Technical Data
z ISO14001:2004
z OHSAS18001: 1999
z ISO10012:2003
z CMMI L3
z EMC: 89/336/EEC, EN50263:2000
z Products safety(PS): 73/23/EEC, EN61010-1: 2001, EN60950: 2002
2.7 Protective Functions

2.7.1 Optical Interface
Optic connector: FC/PC
Fibre optic: Single mode, CCITT Rec.G652, 1310nm
Optic emitter: 1310nm FP laser diode
Optic receiver: InGaAs photodiode module
Receiver sensitivity: 64kbit/s: -38dBm 2048kbit/s: -38dBm
Maximum transmission distance: 64kbit/s: 90km 2048kbit/s: 90km
2.7.2 Fault Detector

2.7.2.1 DPFC Overcurrent Element
Setting range: 0.1In~0.5In
Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.02In whichever is greater
2.7.2.2 Zero-sequence Overcurrent Element
Setting range: 0.1In~0.5In
2.7.3 Pilot Protection

2.7.3.1 Pilot Distance Protection
Setting range: 0.1~25Ω (In=5A), 0.5~125Ω (In=1A)
Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.1Ω/In whichever is greater
Typical operating time: <25ms
2.7.3.2 Pilot Directional Zero-sequence Protection
Min operating voltage: <1V, >0.5V
Min operating current: <0.1In

Typical operating time: <25ms
2.7.4 DPFC Distance Protection

Setting range: 0.1Ω~7.5Ω (In=5A), 0.5Ω~37.5Ω (In=1A)
Accuracy: ≤10%
Operating time: <20ms
2.7.5 Distance Protection

Setting range: 0.01Ω~25Ω (In=5A), 0.05Ω~125Ω (In=1A)
Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.1Ω/In whichever is greater
Time delay: 0s~10s
Accuracy: ≤1%Setting+40ms
Operating time: ≈20ms (Zone 1)
2.7.6 Directional Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection

Setting range: 0.1In~20In
Time delay: 0s~10s
2.7.7 Inverse-time Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection

Setting range: 0.1In~20In
Time delay: 0.5s~10s
Accuracy: ≤ 5% of reference (calculated) value +2%

current tolerance, respectively 40ms
2.7.8 Broken conductor protection

Setting range: (0.02~30)In
Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.02In, whichever is greater
Time delay: 0s~10s
2.7.9 Transient Overreach

Tolerance for all high-speed protection: ≤2%

Technical Data
2.7.10 Fault Locator

Accuracy for multi-phase faults with one end source: < ±2.5%
Tolerance will be higher in case of single-phase fault with high ground resistance.
2.7.11 Auto-Reclosing
Phase difference tolerance for synchronism checking: <±3°

Chapter 3 Protection Description
3.1 General Description

Designing hardware platform of PCS-902 based on the dual processor (DSP and CPU), two
independent fault detector elements are provided for each protection logic, i.e. GFD (general fault
detector element) and PFD (protective fault detector element).
GFD is used to control the output circuit of the protective device. PFD is used to trigger the
calculation of protective elements. Under the normal condition, the positive pole of DC power
supplied to tripping outputs is continually supervised by GFD, and the output circuit will be
switched on for tripping or reclosing only when GFD operates. It means that the relay will have the
capability to output a final tripping or reclosing signal while both GFD and PFD operate.
3.2 General Fault Detector Element (GFD)

Main part of GFD is DPFC overcurrent fault detector element that reflects the deviation of
phase-to-phase power frequency current, and zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector element
that reflects total current is taken as supplementary.
The GFD comprise of the following elements:
DPFC overcurrent element
Zero-sequence overcurrent element
Pole discrepancy element
If any of the above fault detector elements operates, the GFD will operate to provide DC power
supply to the output relays to enable the output circuit.
3.2.1 DPFC Overcurrent Element

This element adopts adaptive floating threshold which consists of unbalanced output of deviation.
The adaptive floating threshold is kept higher than the unbalanced output all along, which makes it
not pick up frequently and have an extremely high sensitivity and reliability. By using adaptive
floating threshold, the unbalanced output value is small under normal condition, so this element
has extremely high sensitivity. When power swing occurs, the adaptive floating threshold
increases while the sensitivity decreases automatically, so it is not influenced by power swing
condition and need not be controlled by power swing blocking element.
Its criterion:
ΔIΦΦMAX>1.25ΔITh+ΔISet (Equation 3.2-1)
Where:
ΔIΦΦMAX: The maximum half-wave integration value of phase-to-phase current
ΔISet: The fixed threshold value (i.e. the setting [I_DPFC_OC_FD])

ΔITh: The floating threshold value
If operating condition is met, DPFC overcurrent element will operate to provide DC power supply
for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept 7 seconds after DPFC overcurrent element drops
out.
3.2.2 Zero-sequence Overcurrent Element

This element will operate when both 3I0 and 3I0Cal are greater than the setting [I_ROC_FD].
where:
3I0: zero-sequence current derived at the neutral current circuit from three-phase currents
3I0Cal: zero-sequence current calculated depending on the summation of IA, IB and IC (i.e.
3I0Cal=IA+IB+IC)
If operating condition is met, zero-sequence overcurrent element will operate to provide DC power
supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept 7 seconds after zero-sequence overcurrent
element drops out.
When CT circuit failure is detected, this element will be disabled and an alarm [Alm_CTS] will be
issued.
Note!
The zero-sequence current should be connected to the protective device; otherwise all
protection elements corresponding with zero-sequence current will be blocked.
3.2.3 Pole Discrepancy Element

This element is determined by the logic setting [En_CB_Init_AR]. The logic setting
[En_CB_Init_AR] is set as “1” means that the element is enabled. when the reclaim time of the
auto-reclosing has elapsed, it will operate if the circuit breaker is tripped undesirably without fault.
If operating condition is met, pole discrepancy element will operate to provide DC power supply for
output relay, and pickup signal will be kept 15 seconds after pole discrepancy element drops out.
3.3 Protective Fault Detector Element (PFD)

For protective fault detector element, all fault detector elements mentioned above is included,
besides, there is an additional fault detector element used to initiate sending signal of directional
comparison blocking scheme.
Its criterion:
ΔIΦΦMAX>1.125ΔITh+0.5ΔISet (Equation 3.3-1)
ΔIΦΦMAX, ΔISet, ΔITh, their means are as same as them mentioned in Equation 3.1-1.
When this criterion is met, the program flow still goes to the regular program, the program flow will
go to fault calculation program only if Equation 3.1-1 is also met or zero-sequence overcurrent

element also operates.
3.4 DPFC Distance Protection

The power system is normally treated as a balanced symmetrical three-phase network. When a
fault occurs in the power system, by applying the principle of superposition, the load currents and
voltage can be calculated in the system prior to the fault and the pure fault component can be
calculated by whole fault current or voltage subtracted by load current or voltage. DPFC distance
protection reflects deviation of power frequency, therefore, only pure fault current and voltage is
useful to DPFC distance protection which is not influenced by load current and voltage.
For forward direction fault
jX
ZZD
ZK
R
ZS+ZK
-ZS
Figure 3.4-1 Operation characteristic for forward fault
ZZD: The setting of distance protection
ZS: Total impedance between local system and protective device location
ZK: Measurement impedance
Figure 3.4-1 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in forward direction, which is the circle with the –Zs as the center and the│Zs+Zzd│
as the radius. When measured impedance Zk is in the circle, the DPFC distance element will
operate. The DPFC distance element has a large capability of enduring fault resistance. When
there is infeed current from power source at the other end in the fault resistance, the phase of ΔIN
is the same as ΔI and the phase of voltage of fault resistance is same as ΔI, so the fault resistance
appears resistive and is in parallel with R axes. The overreaching problem that results from infeed
current can be prevented.
For reverse direction fault

Figure 3.4-2 Operation characteristic for reverse fault
Z'S：Total impedance between remote system and protective device location
Figure 3.4-2 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in reverse direction, which is the circle with the Z's as the center and the │Z's-Zzd│
as the radius. The region of operation is in the quadrant 1 but the measured impedance –Zk is
always in the quadrant 3, so the DPFC distance element will not operate and have the definite
directionality.
Note!
The DPFC distance protection can be enabled or disabled by corresponding logic setting
and binary input. Please refer to section 7.4.
3.5 Pilot Protection

3.5.1 General Description
Pilot protection of PCS-902 series comprises directional distance relay and directional zero
sequence relay. Pilot protection is the term used to describe communication-assisted protection.
The pilot protection channel could operate over power line carrier or fiber optic paths. Exchanging
signal through channel can implement to clear the internal fault quickly.
There are three kinds of application modes associated with different auxiliary device and channel.
1. Auxiliary optical fibre channel

RCS-902 RCS-902
Protection Protection
signal signal
FOX-40F/FOX-41A Optical fibre channel FOX-40F/FOX-41A
Figure 3.5-1 Typical application using auxiliary optical fibre channel
This kind of application must be coordinated with digital optical fibre interface device, such as
FOX-40F and FOX-41A.
2. PLC channel with blocking scheme
RCS-902 RCS-902
signal signal
LFX-913/LFX-913 PLC channel LFX-912/LFX-913
Figure 3.5-2 Typical application using PLC channel with blocking scheme
This kind of application must be coordinated with dedicated transceiver, such as LFX-912 and
LFX-913. At the same time, the pilot protection must be blocking scheme.
3. PLC channel with permissive scheme
RCS-902 RCS-902
signal signal
PLC equipment PLC channel PLC equipment

Figure 3.5-3 Typical application using PLC channel with permissive scheme
If PLC channel is used and the pilot protection adopts permissive scheme, this kind of application
should be selected. If the audio interface is available in the PLC equipment, additional audio
interface device is not needed. Otherwise, audio interface device should be equipped with
PCS-902, for example, CAT-50.
3.5.2 Communication Channel

A PLC channel includes the signal path from the transmitting electronic equipment at one terminal,
through its coupling equipment, over the power line, through the tuning equipment at the receiving
end, and into the electronic equipment at the receiving terminal. In bidirectional applications, a
similar return path is provided.
As shown in Figure 3.5-4, a basic PLC system consists of three distinct parts: the terminal
assemblies, the coupling equipment, and the transmission line. Terminal assemblies consist of
transmitters, receivers, and protective relays. The coupling equipment consists of the line tuner,
coupling capacitor, and line trap. The transmission line provides a suitable path for transmission of
carrier energy between terminals in the PLC band of frequencies. At the terminals, one or more
transmitters and/or receivers may be required, depending on the number of functions to be
performed.
Figure 3.5-4 The application of power carrier line channel
There are three coupling modes are selectable:
1) Phase-to-ground coupling
2) Phase-to-phase coupling
3) Line-to-line coupling
3.5.3 Directional Comparison Element

Pilot protection distinguishes between the forward fault and the reverse fault through directional
comparison element. Through exchanging signal via channel, PCS-902 associated with directional
distance element and directional zero-sequence element can clear the fault for the whole
transmission line without time delay.

3.5.3.1 Directional Distance Element
The directional distance element is formed by distance element with overreaching scheme and
consists of under voltage distance element, phase-to-ground distance element and
phase-to-phase distance element. The operation characteristic of these elements is as same as
that of distance protection.
1. Under voltage distance element
Please refer to section 3.7.1 about the operation characteristic.
2. Phase-to-ground distance element
3. Phase-to-phase distance element
3.5.3.2 Reverse Distance Element
PCS-902 series also provides reverse distance element which consists of three phase-to-ground
distance elements and three phase-to-phase distance elements. The reverse distance element is
invalid unless the logic setting [En_WE_PilotP] is set as “1”.
In the case of weak infeed, if directional distance element and forward zero-sequence element
does not operate but reverse distance element operates, the protective device regards it as a fault
in reverse direction, and if none of directional distance element, forward zero-sequence element
and reverse distance element operate and any phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is smaller
than 30V, the protective device regards it as a fault in forward direction.
3.5.3.3 Directional Zero-sequence Element
Forward zero-sequence element (F0＋) and reverse zero-sequence element (F0－) are determined by
the zero-sequence power (P0). P0 derives from Equation 3.5-1.
P0=3U0Cal×3I0Cal×ZD (Equation 3.5-1)
Where:
3I0Cal: The zero-sequence current calculated depending on the summation of IA, IB and IC (i.e.
3I0Cal=IA+IB+IC)
3U0Cal: The zero-sequence voltage calculated depending on the summation of UA, UB and UC (i.e.
3U0Cal=UA+UB+UC)
ZD: The unit vector (Its amplitude is 1 and its phase angle is 78º)
When P0>0, F0－ operates.
When P0<-1 (IN=5A) or P0<-0.2 (IN =1A), F0＋ operates.
The forward direction of directional zero-sequence element derives from the output of F0＋ through
an AND gate with directional comparison zero-sequence overcurrent element. The reverse

direction of directional zero-sequence element derives from the output of F0－ through an AND
gate with zero-sequence overcurrent element. The logic scheme is shown as Figure 3.5-5.
Figure 3.5-5 Logic diagram of directional zero-sequence element
Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of corresponding settings.
ROC DIR+: The forward direction of directional zero-sequence element
ROC DIR-: The reserve direction of directional zero-sequence element
3.5.4 Current Reversal

Another fault situation requiring timing coordination occurs when two protected lines run in parallel
or substantially in parallel through short interconnecting lines. This situation is commonly referred
to as current reversal. In Figure 3.5-6, a fault has occurred on line C–D near breaker D. Relay A
can see the fault but is prevented from tripping because the directional information from the relay
at breaker B indicates that the fault is in the reverse direction.
M N
A B
EM EN
C D
Figure 3.5-6 Setup for current reversal scenario
M N
A B
EM EN
C D
Figure 3.5-7 Current reversal occurrence
If the line A–B protection is a blocking scheme, then the relay at B sends a blocking signal to A to
prevent tripping. Conversely, if the scheme is a permissive overreaching type, then B continues

the normal guard signal to A, which indicates that A should not trip. If breaker D should open
before breaker C on the faulted line, the fault current in line A–B suddenly reverses direction as
shown in Figure 3.5-7.
In a blocking scheme, relays at both A and B have a tendency to trip incorrectly during the current
reversal, but they are prevented from doing so by the pickup and reset coordination timers. The
pickup coordination timer at B prevents the forward-looking relay at B from tripping while waiting
for the reverse-looking relay at A to send a blocking signal. Also, the reset timer at B continues
transmission of a blocking signal to A long enough to permit the forward-looking relay at A to reset.
In a permissive overreaching scheme, the initial fault near D will cause the forward-looking relay at
A to send trip permission to B. When the current reverses, relay B will suddenly see a fault in its
forward direction and time coordination is necessary to ensure that B does not trip before the
permissive signal from A can be removed. The simplest solution to this race is a pickup timer for
the forward-reaching relay, just like that described for the blocking scheme. The required timing for
this timer is the sum of
1. The difference between the reset time of relay A forward direction and the pickup time of relay
B reverse direction [A – B]
2. The channel dropout time
3. Plus a time margin
3.5.5 Logic Scheme

When optical fibre channel is used, pilot protection must work in the permissive overreaching
scheme. When PLC channel is used, pilot protection can work in the permissive scheme or the
blocking scheme through coordinating with auxiliary device, which is determined by the logic
setting [Opt_P/B_PilotP]. “1” means the permissive scheme is enabled and “0” means the blocking
scheme is enabled.
3.5.5.1 Blocking Scheme
Coordinating with dedicated PLC transceiver to compose the pilot protection with blocking scheme
exchange dates through PLC channel. These signals, which are used to block dedicated PLC
transceiver sending carrier signal, such as auxiliary normally closed contact of circuit breaker,
external protection tripping, channel test and so on, should be connected to the protective device
but not to the dedicated PLC transceiver. The signal contact of the protective device can control to
initiate sending carrier signal or stop sending carrier signal. The contact is closed to initiate
sending carrier signal and the contact is open to stop sending carrier signal.
1. After fault detector element picking up
Fault detector element picks up to initiate sending carrier signal to the pilot protection with blocking
scheme. Because the reverse element operates prior to the forward element, once the reverse
element operates, the forward element will be blocked immediately so as to prevent stopping
sending carrier signal. It is beneficial to prevent the protective device from maloperation in the
case of a fault current reversal.

After fault detector element picking up, the forward element will be put into work after receiving
carrier signal exceeds 8ms. Either directional distance element or directional zero-sequence
element operates to stop sending carrier signal if the reverse element does not operate.
Fault detector
& 40 25
& & PilotP OP

Receiving signal & 8ms 0
≥1 8ms 0
ROC DIR- &

&
[En_ROC_PilotP] ≥1
&
Any phase tripped
ROC DIR+
&
3I0Cal>[I_ROC_PilotP] &
≥1
[En_ROC_PilotP]
Z DIR & Sending signal

& ≥1
PSBR &
[En_Z_PilotP]
& ≥1
Any phase tripped 0 100
EXT TRP 0 150
≥1
[BI_52b_Pha]
[BI_52b_Phb] &
≥1
[BI_52b_Phc]
&
TRP CON (Three-phase)
Max(IA,IB,IC)<0.06IN
Figure 3.5-8 Logic scheme of pilot protection with blocking scheme after pickup
Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of settings.
Z DIR: The directional distance element
PSBR: The power swing blocking releasing element
EXT TRP: The external protective device operates to trip.
TRP CON (Three-phase): The protective device operates to trip three-phase circuit breaker and
three-phase currents are all smaller than 0.06IN.
PilotP OP: The pilot protection operates.
When local circuit breaker is tripped because of other protection element operating, such as
directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection and distance protection, sending carrier signal
will be stopped immediately. It will still delay 100ms to send carrier signal again after tripping signal
has dropped out. However, carrier signal will be sent again immediately if the reverse element

operates during the 100ms. When local circuit breaker is tripped because of the other protective
device operating, for example, busbar protection, sending carrier signal will be stopped
immediately. It will still delay 150ms to send carrier signal again after tripping signal has dropped
out.
In the case of current reversal, a dedicated time delay circuit is designed. If the time of receiving
carrier signal exceeds 40ms, directional comparison element will operate with a time delay of
25ms, which can prevent from instant maloperation during external fault because of the forward
element in the end not dropping out but the forward element in the remote end also operating
during the course of breaker opening and closing.
2. Under normal condition
The logics, channel test and initiating sending carrier signal by the remote end, can be
implemented by protective device. Therefore, if using the protective device, the function of the
dedicated PLC transceiver, initiating sending carrier signal by the remote end, should be disabled.
The protective device, dedicated PLC transceiver and PLC channel can be checked together
when executing channel test by pushing the button on the front panel to energize the binary input
[BI_InitChTest].
Figure 3.5-9 Logic diagram of pilot protection with blocking scheme under normal condition
Low setting fault detector: please refer to section 3.3.
In the case of weak infeed, any phase voltage lower than 0.6UN or phase-to-phase voltage lower
than 0.6UNN, sending carrier signal after 100ms, which can ensure the fault be cleared quickly by
the protective device of the remote end if the protective device of the local end does not pick up
due to light load line. After receiving carrier signal from the remote end, sending carrier signal
immediately if 52b of the local end is energized, otherwise, sending carrier signal after 100ms.

Except for the above cases, initiating sending carrier signal by the remote end can be initiated
immediately and reset after 10s.
The channel test is only for blocking scheme. Pushing the button on the front panel manually to
energize the binary input [BI_InitChTes] and initiate send carrier signal, and then stop after
receiving carrier signal for 200ms. Later, sending carrier signal again after receiving carrier signal
from the remote end for 5s and then stop after 10s. During the channel test, the channel test will
be terminated if the protective device picks up.
If logic setting [En_ChAutoTest] is set as “1”, the channel test can be achieved automatically
instead of manually. When the current time is equal to setting time, i.e. the setting [t_ChAutoTest],
the channel test is initiated automatically and it will be executed twice per day.
Depend on the result of testing channel every time (manually or automatically), the protective
device can decide whether channel is normal or not. The signal of dedicated PLC transceiver will
be reset by protective device automatically if the channel is normal. If the channel is abnormal or
the binary input [BI_Alm_PLC] is energized, an alarm [Alm_Ch] will be issued, which can be reset
manually or remotely.
3.5.5.2 Permissive Scheme
The permissive scheme can use PLC or optic fiber channel as communication channel. These
signals, which are used to initiate sending permissive signal, such as normally closed auxiliary
contact of circuit breaker, external protection tripping and so on, should be connected to the
protective device but not to the dedicated PLC transceiver.
1. After fault detector element picking up
It will result in sending permissive signal that the forward element operates and the reverse
element does not operate, at the same time, the pilot protection will operate if receiving permissive
signal from the remote end of line for more than 8ms.
If the operation condition of pilot protection cannot be met during 40ms after the protective device
picks up, the operation of pilot protection must delay 25ms after the operation condition of pilot
protection is met, which can prevent the pilot protection from maloperation when current reversal
If local circuit breaker is tripped because of other protection element operating, such as directional
zero-sequence overcurrent protection, DPFC distance protection, distance protection and so on,
or external protective device operating, for example, busbar protection, the permissive signal will
be sent immediately and the permissive signal is still kept for 150ms continually after tripping
signal has dropped out. However, the permissive signal will be stopped sending immediately if the
reverse element operates during the 150ms.

Fault detector
& 40 25
Receiving signal & PilotP OP

& 8ms 0
[En_ROC_PilotP]
&
ROC DIR- ≥1
Any phase tripped &
ROC DIR+
&
3I0Cal>[I_ROC_PilotP] &
≥1
[En_ROC_PilotP]
Z DIR
&
PSBR &
[En_Z_PilotP]
&
Any phase tripped 0 150 ≥1 ≥1 Sending signal
EXT TRP 0 150
[BI_52b_Pha]
[BI_52b_Phb] &
≥1 ≥1
[BI_52b_Phc]
&
TRP CON (Three-phase)
Max(IA,IB,IC)<0.06IN
Figure 3.5-10 Logic diagram of permission scheme after fault detection operating
2. Under normal condition
After receiving the permissive signal from the remote end, if 52b of local end is energized, the
protection will send permissive signal to the remote end for 100ms. Used for weak infeed, if any
phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is smaller than 30V, the protective device will send
permissive signal to the remote end for 100ms after receiving permissive signal from the remote
end, which can ensure the fault be cleared quickly by the protective device of the remote end if the
protective device of the local end does not pick up due to light load line.

Figure 3.5-11 Logic diagram of permissive scheme under normal condition
3.6 Overcurrent Protection

3.6.1 Application
The fault current on long transmission lines depends mostly on the fault position and decreases
with the distance from the generation point. For this reason the protection must operate very
quickly for faults very close to the generation (and protective device) point, for which very high fault
currents are characteristic.
The conventional distance protection can manage the fault clearance of earth-faults in most of the
cases. In some applications, especially applications with long lines, the clearance can be
improved by use of an instantaneous zero-sequence overcurrent protection. Those are for
instance:
1. In the case of high infeed of fault current from the opposite end of the line, this might increase
the fault resistance seen by the distance relay to such a value that the instantaneous zone of
the distance protection will not operate.
2. In applications with series compensated lines, where the capacitor is located at the end of the
line and very strong infeed of fault current from that end, will result in a difficult problem for the
distance protection to perform a selective fault clearance. This due to the voltage reversal that
might occur.
3.6.2 Scheme logic

1. Directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
Directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection consists of one stage zero-sequence

overcurrent elements with directionality.

Figure 3.6-1 Logic diagram of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
Where:
[I_ROC_FD]: The current setting of zero-sequence overcurrent element
[I_ROC2]: The current setting of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
[Op_ROC2]: Operation element of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
T1: [t_ROC2] (the time delay of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection)
F0＋: forward zero-sequence element
F0－: reverse zero-sequence element
2. Inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
Inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection is available in PCS-902D, which is normal

inverse-time characteristic in accord with the specification of IEC 60255-4. Its operation criterion
is:
0.14
t(I0 ) = TP × ( )
I0 0.02
( ) −1
IP
Where:
TP : Time constant, i.e. the setting [t_InvROC]
IP : Reference current, i.e. the setting [I_InvROC]

Figure 3.6-2 Normal inverse-time characteristic
According to the different value of TP, different curves of normal inverse-time characteristic are
available. The logic scheme of inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection is shown in the
Figure 3.6-2.
Figure 3.6-3 Logic diagram of inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
Where:
[t_InvROC]: Time delay of inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
[I_InvROC]: Current setting of inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
[En_Dir_InvROC]: Logic setting for enabling inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection

controlled by direction element
[En_FixDly_InvR]: Logic setting for enabling inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection

operate with an additional time delay (100ms)
[En_InvROC]: Logic setting for enabling inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
3. Zero-sequence/phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
When bus VT circuit failure happens, the distance protection will be disabled. As a substitute,
phase overcurrent protection and zero-sequence overcurrent protection will be put into work
automatically in this case if VEBI setting [VEBI_DistP] and [VEBI_ROC] are set as “1”.

Figure 3.6-4 Logic diagram of zero-sequence/phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
All stages of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection are under the control of
zero-sequence overcurrent element, so the current setting for each stage should be greater than
[I_ROC_FD]. For pilot directional zero-sequence protection, the setting [I_ROC_FD] is used as
current setting in the reverse direction and the setting [I_ROC_PilotP] is used as current setting in
the forward direction.
3.7 Distance Protection

The distance protection comprises 3 zones phase-to-phase distance elements and 3 zones
phase-to-ground elements.
For each independent distance element zone, full scheme design provides continuous
measurement of impedance separately in three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as
well as in three independent phase-to-ground measuring loops.
Phase-to-phase distance element is suitable as a basic protection function against two- and
three-phase faults in all kinds of networks, regardless of the treatment of the neutral point.
Independent setting for each zone separately makes it possible to create fast and selective
protection in power systems.
Phase-to-ground distance element serves as basic earth fault protection in networks with solidly or
low impedance grounded networks. Independent setting for each zone separately makes it
possible to create fast and selective protection in power systems.
Polarized positive sequence voltage is used for distance protection so that faults with high
resistance can also be cleared easily. In case of short lines, in order to enhance performance
against high fault resistance, the impedance characteristic of the zone 1 and zone 2 could be
inclined toward quadrant 1.
Zero sequence reactance character is used for phase-to-ground distance element so that
overreach due to resistance earth fault could be avoided.
If the positive sequence polarized voltage is high enough, directionality of the distance protection
using positive sequence polarized voltage is very good. However, when close-in three phase fault
happens, the positive sequence voltage may reduce to 10% or less, the distance protection will go
to low voltage program (please refer to section 3.7.1) in which memorized positive sequence

polarized voltage is used instead.
Threshold will be set forward for zones 1 and 2 of distance element before its operation, so that
directionality could be assured during busbar three phase fault. In addition, this threshold will be
changed to reverse direction after operation of the protection, so that forward close-in three phase
fault can be fully cleared. As to the zone 3 of the distance element, direction of the threshold is
always reverse, because it acts as a backup protection for busbar.
Note!
When VT circuit failure happens, the alarm [Alm_VTS] displayed, all distance protection
will be disabled.
3.7.1 Distance Element with Memorized Polarization

3.7.1.1 General Description
Distance element with memorized polarization is an algorithm used when positive sequence
voltage reduces to 10% or less. There are only two possibilities for this condition: power swing or
three phase short circuit fault.
As the power swing will be identified by power swing blocking function, only three phase short
circuit should be considered and discussed herein.
Because three phase-to-ground impedance and three phase-to-phase impedance are equal in
case of three phase short circuit fault, so only phase-to-ground impedance should be measured.
Impedances of all three phase are usually equal. Nevertheless, in order to ensure fast tripping
even in the case of transition from bus fault to three phase line fault, all of three phase impedances
are calculated and operation of any phase element will lead to three phase tripping.
3.7.1.2 Operation Characteristic
Distance element with memorized polarization compares phasor angle of operating voltage and
polarized voltage.
1. For a forward fault
The transient operation characteristic is shown in Figure 3.7-1. Operation characteristic of ZK on

R-X plane is a circle with line connecting ends of ZZD and -ZS as the diameter. The origin is
enclosed in the circle.

Figure 3.7-1 Operation characteristic for forward fault
ZZD: the setting of distance protection
ZS: total impedance between local system and protective device location
ZK: measurement impedance
This does not mean it will operate incorrectly during reverse direction fault but means it will
operate correctly during forward fault even if the fault occurs just on the outlet because that is
derived supposing forward direction fault.
2. For a reverse fault
Figure 3.7-2 shows operation characteristic of measured impedance -ZK on R-X plane. This
characteristic is a circle with line connecting ends of ZZD and Z'S as the diameter. It will operate
only when -ZK is in the circle. Therefore directionality of the protection is explicit.
Figure 3.7-2 Operation characteristic during reverse fault
Z'S：total impedance between remote system and protective device location

The conditions mentioned above are before fading of memorized voltage, in another word, they
are transient characteristic.
jX
ZZD
ZK
Figure 3.7-3 Steady state characteristic of three phase short circuit fault
When the memorized voltage fade, Figure 3.7-3 shows operation characteristic of measured
impedance ZK on R-X plane for forward direction fault as well as that of -ZK for reverse direction
fault. Since the circle covers the origin, the equipment will be just on the margin of operation for
fault on the bus or line outlet. In order to prevent the mal-operation for bus fault, especially the
three phase bus fault with arc resistance, zone1 and 2 of distance element is equipped with a
positive threshold. Voltage value of the threshold is equal to maximum voltage drop of the arc.
Moreover, when zone 1 or 2 of distance element operates, phase of the threshold voltage will be
inverted so that the origin can be enclosed in the characteristic circle to ensure the fault can be
fully cleared. In order to ensure backup protection of zone 3, phase of threshold voltage is always
inverted and the origin is always enclosed in the characteristic circle.
3.7.2 Phase-to-ground Distance Element

3.7.2.1 Zone 1/2
This element use polarized positive sequence voltage which can improve the performance against
the fault resistance so that it cannot overreach when earth fault associated with high fault
resistance occurs.

jX
1=0 ° ZZD 1=15 ° 1=30 °
A
R
-ZS
Figure 3.7-4 Characteristic of the relay for forward fault
In short line case, in order to improve the relay performance against high fault resistance, phase
shift θ1 is used for polarized voltage. This phase shift could move the directional impedance
characteristic toward quadrant 1 as is shown in Figure 3.7-4. Value of θ1 can be set to 0°, 15° or
30°.
This relay could measure high fault resistance and keep a very satisfied performance under high
fault resistance condition. However, if there is a considerable power source in remote end, an
overreach caused by infeed from remote end during resistance earth fault may occur. In order to
prevent overreach, the following zero sequence reactance relay is introduced.
3.7.2.2 Zero-sequence Reactance Element
Typical zero-sequence reactance characteristic is shown as the straight line A in Figure 3.7-4.
Therefore, directional impedance characteristic integrating with the zero sequence characteristic
are adaptive with the fault resistance.
Actually, zero sequence reactance characteristic line will incline downward for 12°. Therefore, in
an actual system, even if zero sequence impedance angles of both ends of a line are not the same
and the phase difference exists between 3I0Cal and voltage drop on fault resistance, overreach
condition will not happen. If the directional distance element with phase shift θ1 and zero
sequence reactance element operate simultaneously, zones 1 and 2 of distance element with
good directionality will operate.
3.7.2.3 Zone 3
The no-memorized positive sequence voltage is used as polarized voltage because during earth
fault, positive sequence voltage is mainly formed by healthy phase and the phase of positive
sequence voltage is kept as it was before the fault. Therefore, characteristic of zone 3 of
phase–to-earth distance element is the same as the transient characteristic of distance element
with memorized polarization and have a very good directionality.

3.7.3 Phase-to-phase distance element

3.7.3.1 Zone 1/2
Zone 1,2 of phase-to-phase distance element use polarized positive sequence voltage. Phase
shift θ2 is introduced here for polarized voltage in zones 1 and 2 just like θ1 in case of
phase-to-ground distance element. It is used also for improving performance against high fault
resistance in short line case. Value of θ2 can be set as 0° or 15°or 30°.
3.7.3.2 Zone 3
No-memorized positive sequence voltage is used as polarized voltage. Operation characteristic of

faulty phase is shown as Figure 3.7-1 and Figure 3.7-2. This element has a very good
directionality.
If three-phase short circuit fault occurs, since the polarized voltage has not been memorized, its
operation characteristic is a circle passing through the origin (Please refer to Figure 3.7-3). If the
positive sequence voltage is low, the fault will be measured by impedance element with
memorized polarization. There is neither problem about dead zone nor loss of directionality for bus
fault in this case.
3.7.4 Blinder Scheme

The blinder characteristic shown in Figure 3.7-5 can be used to restrict the reach of a distance
relay on a long line or during heavy load conditions. The distance relay will be allowed to trip only
when both blinders are operated (i.e., the apparent impedance must be between the two
characteristics).
jX
B ZZD A
Φ
R
RZD RZD
Figure 3.7-5 The operation characteristic of blinder
In order to ensure distance relay not affected by load impendence, the phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground blinders are used. As shown in Figure 3.7-5, the slope of blinder is same to
positive sequence sensitivity angle Φ, RZD is the setting [R_Blinder]. The operation region is
between line A and line B. The logic setting [En_Blinder] can decide whether the blinder is enabled

or not.
3.7.5 Power Swing Blocking Releasing (PSBR)

When power swing occurs on the power system, the impedance measured by the distance
measuring element may vary from the load impedance area into the operating zone of the
distance element. The operation of the distance measuring element due to the power swing
occurs in many points of interconnected power systems. To keep the stability of whole power
system, tripping due to operation of the distance measuring element during a power swing is
generally not allowed. PCS-902 adopts releasing power swing blocking to avoid maloperation of
distance protection resulting from power swing. In another word, distance protection is blocked all
along under the normal conditions and power swing. Only if fault (internal fault or power swing with
internal fault) is detected, power swing blocking for distance protection is released by PSBR
element.
Power swing blocking for distance element will be released if any of the following PSBR elements
operate.
Fault detector PSBR element (FD PSBR)
Unsymmetrical fault PSBR element (UF PSBR)
Symmetrical fault PSBR element (SF PSBR)
Pole discrepancy PSBR element (PD PSBR)
1. Fault detector PSBR element
If any of the following condition is matched, FD PSBR will operate for 160ms.
1) Positive sequence current is lower than the setting [I_OC_PSBR] before general fault detector
element operates.
2) Positive sequence current is higher than the setting [I_OC_PSBR] before general fault
detector element operates, but the duration is less than 10ms.
2. Unsymmetrical fault PSBR element
The operation criterion:
I0+I2>m×I1
The “m” is an internal fixed coefficient which can ensure UF PSBR operate during power swing
with internal unsymmetrical fault, while not operate during power swing or power swing with
external fault.
3. Symmetrical fault PSBR element
If a three-phase fault occurs and FD PSBR is invalid (160ms after GFD operates), neither FD
PSBR nor UF PSBR will be able to operate to release the distance protection. Thus, SF PSBR is
provided for this case specially. This detection is based on measuring the voltage at power swing
center:

UOS=U1×COSΦ
Where:
Φ: the angle between positive sequence voltage and current
U1: the positive sequence voltage
The criterion of SF PSBR element comprises the following two parts:
when -0.03UN<UOS<0.08UN, the SF PSBR element will operate after 150ms.
when -0.1UN<UOS<0.25UN, the SF PSBR element will operate after 500ms.
4. Pole disagreement PSBR element
When three-phase circuit breaker is in the unsymmetrical state, PD PSBR will operate if any of the
following conditions is met.
1) The faulty phase selected by fault phase selection element is not the phase tripped.
2) The difference of current deviation of power frequency component between two healthy
phases increases to certain value all of a sudden.
3.7.6 Scheme Logic
Figure 3.7-6 Logic diagram of PSBR for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element
The logic setting [En_PSBR] is common for zone 1, 2 of distance element. If the logic setting
[En_PSBR] is set as “0”, zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element is not blocked by PSBR and
PSBR for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element will operate right now (i.e. output state of
[PSBR_Z1/2] is “1”).
If the logic setting [En_PSBR] is set as “1”, zone 1, 2 of distance element is controlled by PSBR.
After zone 2 of distance element operates and PSBR condition is also met, PSBR for zone 1 and
zone 2 of distance element will operate (i.e., output state of [PSBR_Z1/2] is “1”).

Z < [Z_PG1]
&
[En_ZPG1] ≥1
& [Op_Z1]
Z < [Z_PP1]
&
[En_ZPP1]
[PSBR_Z1/2]
[En_ZPG2]
& [t_PG2]
Z < [Z_PG2]
&
≥1 [Op_Z2]
&
Z < [Z_PP2]
& [t_PP2]
[En_ZPP2]
[En_ZPG3]
& [t_PG3]
Z < [Z_PG3]
≥1 [Op_Z3]
Z < [Z_PP3]
& [t_PP3]
[En_ZPP3]
Figure 3.7-7 Logic diagram of distance protection
3.8 Switch onto Fault Protection

When the circuit breaker is closed manually or automatically, it is possible to switch on to an
existing fault. This is especially critical if the line in the remote station is grounded, since the
distance protection and directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection would not clear the fault
until their time delays had elapsed. In this situation, however, the fastest possible clearance is
desired.
The SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to the distance protection and
to the directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection. With the SOTF protection, a fast trip is
achieved for a fault on the whole line, when the line is being energized. It shall be responsive to all
types of faults anywhere within the protected line.
The SOTF protection shall be controlled by an reclosing logic using both voltage and current level
detectors. It shall be enabled for a period when the circuit is energized either manually or via a
auto-reclosing system.

3.8.1 Zero-sequence SOTF Protection

3I0>[I_ROC_FD]
&
3I0Cal>[I_ROC_FD]
Status of 3-pole AR
≥1
& 100ms 0
Status of manually closing
& ≥1 Op_ROC_SOTF
3I0Cal > [I_ROC_SOTF]
& 60ms 0
Status of 1-pole AR
Figure 3.8-1 Logic diagram of zero-sequence SOTF protection
Zero-sequence SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of
60ms when 1-pole auto-reclosing.
Zero-sequence SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of
100ms if 3I0Cal is greater than setting [I_ROC_SOTF] when 3-pole auto-reclosing or manually
closing.
3.8.2 Distance SOTF Protection
Figure 3.8-2 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection

Zone 3 of distance element for SOTF will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker when
manually closing.
Zone 2 and 3 of distance element for SOTF without PSBR logic will operate to trip three-phase
circuit breaker if the logic setting [En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] and [En_Z3SOTF_AR3P] are set as “1”
when 3-pole auto-reclosing.
Zone 2 of distance element for SOTF with PSBR logic will operate to trip three-phase circuit
breaker when 1-pole or 3-pole auto-reclosing if the logic setting [En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] is set as “0”.
3.9 Fault Phase Selection (FPS)

Fault phase selection logic can be implemented by the following methods:
1. Detecting the deviation of operation voltage
2. Detecting the phase difference between I0 and I2A
The logic makes the relay ideal for single-phase tripping applications.
3.9.1 FPS Based on Deviation of Operation Voltage

ΔUOPA, ΔUOPB and ΔUOPC: deviation of phase operation voltages.
ΔUOPAB, ΔUOPBC and ΔUOPCA: deviation of phase-to-phase operation voltages.
ΔUOΦMAX=MAX(ΔUOPA, ΔUOPB, ΔUOPC).
ΔUOΦΦMAX=MAX(ΔUOPAB, ΔUOPBC, ΔUOPCA).
If ΔUOΦMAX is several times higher than the other two deviation of phase operation voltages, the
single-phase fault is ensured, otherwise, the multiplex-phase fault is ensured.
Table 3.9-1 The relation between ΔUOΦMAX and fault phase
ΔUOΦMAX or ΔUOΦΦMAX Fault phase
ΔUOPA Phase A
ΔUOPB Phase B
ΔUOPC Phase C
ΔUOPAB Phase AB
ΔUOPBC Phase BC
ΔUOPCA Phase CA
3.9.2 FPS Based on Phase Difference between I0 and I2A

The phase selection algorithm uses the angle relation between I0 and I2A of the relay currents. As
shown in Figure 3.9-1, three regions of fault phase selection are ensured.

Figure 3.9-1 The region of fault phase selection
Depended on the phase relation between I0 and I2A,
When -60º<Arg(I0/I2A)<60º, region A is selected, 60º<Arg(I0/I2A)<180º, region B is selected,

180º<Arg(I0/I2A)<300º, region C is selected.
Table 3.9-2 The relation between Arg(I0/I2A)and fault phase
Arg(I0/I2A) Region Fault phase

-60º~60º A A phase or BC phase
60º~180º B B phase or CA phase
180º~300º C C phase or AB phase
1. For single-phase earth fault, I0 and I2 of faulty phase are in-phase and its distance element
operates.
2. For two-phase earth fault, I0 and I2 of non-faulty phase are in-phase but its distance element
does not operate.
3.10 Pole Discrepancy

Circuit breaker pole position disagreement can occur on the operation of a breaker with
independent operating gears for the three poles. A pole discrepancy can be tolerated for a limited
time.
Pole discrepancy procedure comprises of the protection of pole discrepancy state and switch onto
fault protection. When the following conditions are met, pole discrepancy state is ensured delay
50ms.
1. Trip confirmation
Trip confirmation means that tripping signal is issued and any phase current is smaller than 0.06IN
2. [BI_52b_Pha]=1, [BI_52b_Phb]=1, [BI_52b_Phc]=1 and line current is smaller than 0.06IN

3.10.1 PD State by Single-phase Trip

When there is single-phase tripping confirmation or any phase [BI_52b_Phx]=1 (x can be a, b or c)
and corresponding phase current is smaller than 0.06IN, pole discrepancy state is confirmed by
protective device. After that, the following things will be done.
1. Single phase tripping confirmation or any phase [BI_52b_Phx]=1 (x can be a, b or c) and

corresponding phase current is smaller than 0.06IN
2. Measuring impedance deviation of power frequency component of non-fault phase and

non-fault phase-to-phase
3. Calculating positive voltage of non-fault phase as polarized voltage of distance protection
4. Measuring current deviation of power frequency component of non-fault phase as condition to

release power swing blocking under pole discrepancy
5. When tripped phase current is greater than 0.06IN or corresponding phase [BI_52b_Phx]=0 (x
can be a, b or c), SOTF protection is initiated for 200ms
3.10.2 PD State by Three-phase Trip

When there is three-phase tripping confirmation or [BI_52b_Pha]=1, [BI_52b_Phb]=1,
[BI_52b_Phc]=1 and threes currents, IA, IB and IC, are smaller than 0.06IN, pole discrepancy state
is confirmed by protective device. After that, the following thing will be done.
1. When threes currents, IA, IB and IC, are greater than 0.06IN or [BI_52b_Pha]=0,
[BI_52b_Phb]=0, [BI_52b_Phc]=0, SOTF protection is initiated for 200ms
When pole discrepancy state is ensured, corresponding tripped phase-to-ground and

phase-to-phase DPFC distance protection will be disabled. Stage 2 of directional zero-sequence
overcurrent protection are disabled and inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection is not
controlled by directional element.
When the primary system is in the single-phasing, three-phase trip signal will be sent with a time
delay of 200ms if the following conditions are met.
1. There are 52b of two phases are energized
2. The corresponding phases current are smaller than 0.06IN
3. The zero-sequence current is smaller than 0.15IN
3.11 Broken Conductor Protection

The broken conductor protection is mainly used to detect the broken conductor condition, and it
can also be used to detect the CT circuit failure condition. It is selectable that the broken conductor
protection will give alarm or trip at detecting broken conductors.
If a conductor breaks in one phase on the line, the current flowing through the broken phase will
vanish and load current will flowing through the two other phases; if a conductor breaks in two
phases on the line, the current flowing through the broken phases will vanish and load current will
flowing through the other phase.

According to these characteristics above, the broken conductor protection detects a broken
conductor condition by detecting the unsymmetry among currents in the three phases. The
current-measuring elements continuously measure the three-phase currents. Once the
unsymmetrical current detection element operates, and furthermore, the maximum phase current
is greater than the protection setting i.e. [I_BrknCond], the broken conductor protection will
operate to give alarm or trip after a corresponding time delay.
Unsymmetrical Current Dectection &

&
[t_Alm_BrknCond] 0ms [Alm_BrknCond]
Ipmax>[I_BrknCond]
[En_Alm_BrknCond]=1
&
[t_Trp_BrknCond] 0ms
[Op_BrknCond]
[En_Trp_BrknCond]=1
Figure 3.11-1 Logic diagram of broken conductor protection
Where:
I_BrknCond: The current setting of broken conductor protection, once the maximum phase current
is greater than it, and furthermore, the unsymmetrical current detection element operates, the
broken conductor protection will operate to give alarm or trip after a corresponding time delay.
t_Alm_BrknCond: Time delay of broken conductor protection operates to give alarm.
t_Trp_BrknCond: Time delay of broken conductor protection operates to trip.
[En_Trip_BrknCond]: Logic setting of enabling broken conductor protection operates to trip.
[En_Alm_BrknCond]: Logic setting of enabling broken conductor protection operates to issue

alarm signal.
3.12 Trip Scheme

1. Tripping logic 1

Op_Z_PilotP
Op_ROC_PilotP ≥1
Op_Z_DPFC
Op_Z1
Op_ROC2 ≥1
&
≥1
[En_ROC2_Blk_AR]
Op_Z2 (phase-to-phase)
&
[En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] ≥1
Op_Z2 (phase-to-ground)
&
[En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]
IA>0.06In
& ≥1 & ≥1 Trip Phase A

Select Phase A
IB>0.06In
& ≥1 & ≥1 Trip Phase B

Select Phase B
IC>0.06In
& ≥1 & ≥1 Trip Phase C

Select Phase C
&
Select Multi Phases ≥1
200ms 0
&
&
IP>0.06In
Phase selection failure
2. Tripping logic 2

IP>0.06In
SOTF for reclosing manually

& Trip phase A, B and C
≥1
SOTF for auto-reclosing
1-pole tripping and not dropping off

≥1 ≥1
Op_Perisist1P
≥1
Op_ROC2
&
[En_ROC2_Blk_AR]
Op_OC_VTS
Op_Z3
≥1
Op_BrknCond
≥1
Op_InvROC
Op_Z2 (Phase-to-phase)
&
[En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] ≥1
Op_Z2 (Phase-to-ground)
&
[En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]
EBI_Lockout
≥1
PD and protection element operating
3. Blocking AR logic

SOTF for reclosing manually

≥1
SOTF for auto-reclosing

≥1
≥1
Op_Perisist1P
En_ZPP2_Blk_AR
&
Op_Z2 (Phase-to-phase)
≥1
En_ZPG2_Blk_AR
&
Op_Z2 (Phase-to-ground)
En_ROC2_Blk_AR
&
Op_ROC2
Op_InvROC
Op_Z3
≥1 ≥1
Op_OC_VTS
Op_BrknCond
PD and protection element operating

& ≥1 Initiating blocking relay for AR
En_PDP_Blk_AR
En_PhSF_Blk_AR
&
Op_PhSelFail
EBI_Lockout ≥1 Blocking AR
VT circuit failure
Tripping Logic of PCS-902:
1. Minimal operating time of the contact is 40ms.
2. DPFC distance protection, zone 1 of distance protection and pilot protection operate to
implement selective tripping by phase selection element.
3. For zone 2 of distance protection, whether auto-reclosing blocked is adopted or not will be
decided by logic setting [En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] for phase-to-phase fault or [En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]
for phase-to-ground fault.
Zone 2 of distance element operates to trip three-phase circuit breaker when logic setting
[En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] or [En_ZPG2_Blk_AR] is set as “1” for phase-to-phase fault or
phase-to-ground fault respectively.
4. For stage 2 of directional zero sequence overcurrent protection, whether auto-reclosing

blocked is adopted or not will be decided by logic setting [En_ROC2_Blk_AR].
Stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent element operates to trip three-phase circuit

breaker when logic setting [En_ROC2_Blk_AR] is set as “1”
5. If phase selection element fails and operation element cannot drop off, three-pole tripping

command caused by phase selection failure will be sent after 200ms delay.
6. If any of the following conditions is matched, three-phase tripping signal will be sent directly.
Inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection operating
Zone 3 of distance element operating
Switching onto a faulty phase
A fault occurs under pole discrepancy condition.
Overcurrent element operating during VT circuit failure
Broken Conductor protection operating
Phase selection failure after 200ms delay
Single phase tripping failure after 150ms delay
Single phase operation condition after 200ms delay
7. Three-phase tripping will be used if two or three phases are selected by the phase selection
element.
8. Any fault occurs under following conditions, three-pole trip element will operate
The logic setting [En_3PTrip] is set as “1”
The binary input [EBI_Lockout] is energized
Auto-reclosing is not ready for operating
3-pole auto-reclosing is adopted
9. When a serious fault occurs, auto-reclosing will be blocked under following conditions:
Manual reclosing or auto-reclosing onto a fault phase
3-pole tripping during single phase operation
Tripping for VT circuit failure
Tripping for three-phase fault
Inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection operating
10. Three-pole trip with auto-reclosing blocked can be selected by logic setting
[En_PhSF_Blk_AR], [En_PDF_Blk_AR] and [En_MPF_Blk_AR].
3.13 Automatic Reclosure

3.13.1 General Description
To maintain the integrity of the overall electrical transmission system, protective relays are

installed on the transmission system to isolate faulted segments during system disturbances.
Faults caused by lightning, wind, or tree branches could be temporary in nature and may
disappear once the circuit is de-energized. Automatic reclosing systems are put into place to
re-energize and restore the faulted section of the transmission system once the fault is
extinguished (providing it is a temporary fault). For certain transmission systems, reclosing is used
to improve system stability by restoring critical transmission paths as soon as possible.
3.13.2 Design
Auto-reclosing of PCS-902 series is one shot mode, which can implement single-pole automatic
reclosing, three-pole automatic reclosing and single-pole and three-pole automatic reclosing.
In any case, auto-reclosing is performed only once. If the fault still exists after reclosing, the line
will be tripped without any future reclosing, in other words, lockout. Only single shot auto-reclosing
during the time from AR initiated to dropped off.
3.13.3 Get Ready

If the circuit breaker is manually closed on a faulty line, the auto-reclosing does not move
immediately to ready status because fault detection picks up. The status will remains 15 second,
which is called reclaim time that is the minimum time required between successive reclosing
sequences. After that the auto-reclosing gets ready to operate in case of protection operating to
trip breaker. This feature avoids reclosing on a permanent fault again when the circuit breaker is
manually closed. The reclaim time is designated as Tcd in Figure 3.13-1.
To start this reclaiming process, the following conditions should be met in the same time:
circuit breaker has been closed manually
circuit breaker is not at open position, binary input [BI_52b_Pha]=0, [BI_52b_Phb] and
[BI_52b_Phc]=0
PFD described in section 3.3 don’t pick up.
no bus or line VT circuit failure
automatic reclosing is enabled, logic setting [En_AR]=1
no lockout signals: binary input [EBI_Lockout]=0
no low air pressure blocking signal from circuit breaker operating mechanism,
[BI_LowPres_AR]=0
Note!
After circuit breaker is closed, GFD described in section 3.2 may pick up, which will delay
the reclaiming process for about 7 seconds.
Before auto-reclosing has been initiated, the low pressure blocking signal will be ignored
for 200ms; after auto-reclosing has been initiated, the low pressure blocking signal will be
ignored at all.

When current differential protection is enabled, at the same time, the optic fibre channel is
normal, automatic reclosing is not blocked if single-pole reclosing is enabled or three-pole
reclosing with no check is enabled, even if VT circuit is failure.
3.13.4 Initiating
After automatic reclosing gets ready, the reclosing process can be initiated by:
circuit breaker is changed to open position (binary input [BI_52b_Pha], [BI_52b_Phb] or

[BI_52b_Phc] changes from 0 to 1), whether being tripped by protection or by failure of its
operating mechanism without any trip signal.
Three-phase tripping whether it coming from internal or external is confirmed and the currents
of all three phases shall be checked to confirm that they are all zero.
Single-phase tripping whether it coming from internal or external is confirmed and any current
of all three phases shall be checked to confirm that it is zero.
3.13.5 Check Reclosing Conditions

After auto-reclosing has been initiated, if all conditions allowing a breaker closure are not satisfied
when auto-reclosing incomplete sequence time expires, the auto-reclosing will be locked out. This
time is used to set the maximum time interval allowed for a single reclosing shot. The conditions
allowing a breaker closure include:
Synchronism check: logic setting [En_SynChk_AR]=1
Dead bus or dead line check: logic setting [En_DeadChk_AR]=1
No conditions: logic setting [En_NoChk_AR]=1
For dead bus check, the bus voltage shall be less than 30V, no matter phase-to-ground or
phase-to-phase voltage is used.
For dead line check, the voltage shall be less than 30V, and no line VT circuit failure happens
( [Alm_VTS_Ux]=0 ), no matter phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltage is used.
If the line voltage and bus voltage are both higher than 40 V, synchronism could be checked. The
include angle between busbar voltage and line voltage is Φ under normal condition. The
auto-reclosing is permitted if phase angle difference between line voltage and bus voltage is within
the setting range [phi_SynChk_AR].
Criterion: |[φ(Ux)- φ(Ua)]- Φ| < [phi_SynChk_AR]
3.13.6 Reclosing Time Delay

After reclosing conditions are met, a timer is started. The setting of this timer is [t_1P_AR] used for
single-pole reclosing or [t_3P_AR] used for three-pole reclosing. This status is intended to delay
the reclosing of the circuit breaker according to the requirements of the system. One purpose of
this delay is to wait for extinction of a temporary fault arc.
When the timer expires, a reclosing output signal will be issued.

3.13.7 Dwell Time

For the duration of reclosing output signal, a fixed 120ms is adopted. This status is intended to let
the circuit breaker complete the closing operation.
3.13.8 Lockout
Under the following conditions, the auto-reclosing will be locked out.
auto-reclosing is disabled, logic setting [En_AR]=0 or virtual binary input [VEBI_AR]=0
lockout signals: binary input [EBI_Lockout]=1 or virtual binary input [VEBI_Lockout]=1
circuit breaker has been tripped manually
control circuit failure of the circuit breaker, either trip or closing coils are unhealthy
pressure blocking signal from circuit breaker operating mechanism, [BI_LowPres_AR]=1
SOTF protection operates
bus or line VT circuit fails
zone 2 phase-to-phase distance protection and logic setting [En_ZPP2_Blk_AR]=1
zone 2 phase-to-ground distance protection and logic setting [En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]=1
zone 3 of distance protection
stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection and logic setting

[En_ROC2_Blk_AR]=1
inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
Broken Conductor protection operating
fault phase selection fails and logic setting [En_PhSF_Blk_AR]=1
pole discrepancy with fault and logic setting [En_PDP_Blk_AR]=1
multi-phase fault happens, and logic setting [En_MPF_Blk_AR]=1
three-phase fault happens and logic setting [En_3PF_Blk_AR]=1
reclosing conditions are not met yet till the incomplete sequence time expires.
Whenever all of the listed events disappear, the auto-reclosing will resume normal function.

3.13.9 Scheme Logic
[BI_52b_Pha]
[BI_52b_Phb] ≥1
&
[BI_52b_Phc]
≥1
[En_CB_Init_AR]
EXT TRP CON (1-Pole)

&
≥1 t_1P_AR
&
INT TRP CON (1-Pole)
≥1
IA, IB or IC<0.06IN
t_3P_AR
EXT TRP CON (3-Pole)
≥1
INT TRP CON (3-Pole)
[BI_52b_Pha]
[BI_52b_Phb] & ≥1
& &
[BI_52b_Phc]
& &
Max (IA, IB, IC)<0.06IN
[En_CB_Init_AR]
[En_3P_AR]
≥1
[En_1/3P_AR]
[En_NoChk_AR]
&
≥1
&
[En_DeadChk_AR]
[En_SynChk_AR]
&
Line VT circuit failure & &
&
Line: UP<30V
≥1
Bus: UP<40V
&
Line: UP>40V
Bus: UP>40V &
SYN
[BI_52b_Pha]
[BI_52b_Phb] ≥1
&
[BI_52b_Phc]
& Tcd 0 0 120ms
Op_AR
Fault detector
&
200ms 0
[BI_LowPres_AR] ≥1
Disable AR
Lockout AR
Figure 3.13-1 Logic diagram of auto-reclosing

Where:
EXT TRP CON (1-Pole): The single-phase tripping from external
INT TRP CON (1-Pole): The single-phase tripping from internal
EXT TRP CON (3-Pole): The three-phase tripping from external
INT TRP CON (3-Pole): The three-phase tripping from internal
SYN: Synchronism condition


Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision

Though the protection system is in non-operating state under normal conditions, it is waiting for a
power system fault to occur at any time and must operate for the fault without fail. When
equipment is in energizing process before the LED “HEALTHY” is on, the equipment need to be
checked to ensure no errors. Therefore, the automatic supervision function, which checks the
health of the protection system when startup and during normal operation, plays an important role.
The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.
In case a fault is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the equipment,
the equipment will be blocked out, which means relay is out of service. Therefore you must
re-energize the relays or reset CPU module by restarting equipment to make relay back into
service.
When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed with an LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. At the same time event recording will record the failure alarm
which can be viewed in event recording report and be printed.
4.2 Understand the Alarms

Hardware circuit and operation condition of the equipment are self-supervised continuously. If any
abnormal condition is detected, information or report will be displayed and a corresponding alarm
will be issued.
A common abnormality may block a certain number of protections functions while the other
functions can still work. However, if serious hardware failure or abnormality were detected, all
protection functions will be blocked and the LED “HEALTHY” will be extinguished and blocking
signal will be given by contacts output BSJ. The protective device then cannot work normally and
maintenance is required to eliminate the failure.
Note!
If the protective device is blocked or alarm signal is sent during operation, please do find
out its reason with the help of self-diagnose record. If the reason can not be found at site,
please notice the factory NARI-RELAYS. Please Do not simply press button “TARGET
RESET” on the protection panel or re-power on the protective device.
Table 4.2-1 Repairmen suggestion for alarms information
No. Item LED Status Handing suggestion

1 Alm_Abnor_Smpl_MON HEALTHY: off Inform manufacture or agency to maintain it
2 Alm_Abnor_Smpl_CPU HEALTHY: off Inform manufacture or agency to maintain it

3 Alm_TrpOut HEALTHY: off Inform manufacture or agency to maintain it

4 Alm_Setting HEALTHY: off Inform manufacture or agency to maintain it
5 Alm_VTS VT ALARM: on Check secondary voltage circuit
6 Alm_PersistI0 ALARM: on Check secondary current circuit
7 Alm_PersistFD ALARM: on Check secondary current circuit
8 Alm_VTS_Ux VT ALARM: on Check secondary voltage circuit
9 Alm_CTS ALARM: on Check secondary current circuit
10 Alm_52b ALARM: on Check binary input [BI_52b]
11 Alm_Pwr_Opto ALARM: on Check DC power supply in the OPT module
Check binary input [[BI_ExTrp1P_AR]] and
12 Alm_ExTrp_BI ALARM: on
[[BI_ExTrp3P_AR]]
13 Alm_DSP_CPU HEALTHY: off Inform manufacture or agency to maintain it
14 Alm_DSP_MON HEALTHY: off Inform manufacture or agency to maintain it
Check the optical fibre between merging
15 Alm_Invalid_Smpl_CPU ALARM: on
unit and protective device
16 Alm_Invalid_Smpl_MON ALARM: on
17 Alm_FramDly_CPU ALARM: on
18 Alm_FramDly_MON ALARM: on
19 Alm_Oscillog_CPU HEALTHY: off Inform manufacture or agency to maintain it
20 Alm_Oscillog_MON HEALTHY: off Inform manufacture or agency to maintain it
Check the communication channels
21 Alm_Comm_Ch ALARM: on between protection devices at both ends of
transmission line
22 Alm_BI_Unblocking ALARM: on Check binary input [BI_Unblocking]
4.3 Relay Self-supervision
4.3.1 Fault Detection Check

When the zero sequence general fault detector picks up and lasts for longer than 10 seconds, an
alarm [Alm_PersistI0] will be issued without the protective device blocked.
When any general fault detector picks up for longer than 10s, an alarm will be issued
[Alm_PersistFD] without the protective device blocked.
4.3.2 Trip Output Circuit Check

Chips controlling the output relays in the output circuit are continually monitored. If any error or
damage is detected in these chips, alarm [Alm_TrpOut] will be given and the protective device will
be blocked.
4.3.3 Settings Check

PCS-902 series has 10 setting groups, while only one is active at the same time. The settings of

active setting group are checked to ensure they are reasonable. If the settings are checked to be
out-of-scope, an alarm will be issued to. The protective device is blocked. At the same time, if
there is any summation error of all setting groups, an alarm [Alm_Settings] will be issued, the
protective device is also blocked.
4.4 AC Input Monitoring

4.4.1 Voltage and Current Drift Monitoring and Auto-adjustion
Zero point of voltage and current may drift influenced by variation of temperature or other
environment factors. The equipment continually automatically traces the drift and adjusts it to
normal value.
4.4.2 DSP Sampling Monitoring

AC sampling of DSP chip is monitored and if the samples are detected to be wrong, an alarm
[Alm_Abnor_Smpl_CPU] will be issued and the protective device will be blocked.
4.4.3 CPU Sampling Monitoring

The relay compares the CPU sampling and DSP sampling. In normal condition, the sampling
should be the same for a certain AC input. If a sampling in CPU is detected to be different largely
with that in DSP, an alarm [Alm_Abnor_Smpl_MON] will be issued and the protective device will
be blocked.
4.5 Secondary Circuit Monitoring

4.5.1 Opto-coupler Power Supervision
Positive power supply of opto-coupler is continually monitored. If an error or damage has occurred,
an alarm [Alm_Pwr_Opto] will be issued.
4.5.2 Circuit Breaker Supervision

If all of the binary inputs [BI_52b_Pha], [ BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc] are energized ,which
indicates circuit breaker is open and there is no current detected in the line, the line will be
considered to be out of service. SOTF protection will be enabled for 400ms.
If all of the binary inputs [BI_52b_Pha], [ BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc] are energized that
indicates circuit breaker is open but there is still current detected in the line or three-phase circuit
breaker is in pole discrepancy, an alarm signal [Alm_52b] will be issued after 10 seconds.
4.5.3 Bus VT Circuit Supervision

The purpose of the voltage transformer circuit failure supervision function is to indicate failure in
the measuring voltage from a voltage transformer. When a fault occurs in the secondary circuit of
the voltage transformer (VT), the voltage dependent measuring elements may operate incorrectly.
PCS-902 incorporates a VT failure supervision function (VTS) as a count measure against such
incorrect operation.
In normal operation program of the PCS-902, the phasor summation of bus three phase voltage is

checked frequently, if this phasor summation detected is higher than 8.8V and fault detection
element does not operate, VTS will, after 1.25s, output an alarm [Alm_VTS].
If the phasor summation detected is lower than 8.8V but the bus positive voltage U1 is less than
36.7V, VTS will also issue an alarm [Alm_VTS] after 1.25s when logic setting [En_LineVT] is set as
“0”, otherwise, VTS will also issue an alarm [Alm_VTS] after 1.25s when circuit breaker is closed
(all of the binary inputs [BI_52b_Pha], [ BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc] are de-energized) or there
is current existing on line.
In this case VTS will also:
to disable distance protection
to enable phase overcurrent protection and zero sequence overcurrent protection especially
for this case as a substitute
to release direction guard of inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
to disable auto-reclosing element
to disable stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
to increase the threshold of DPFC distance element to 1.5UN
The alarm [Alm_VTS] will be reset automatically with a time delay of 10s after all three phases
voltage resume to normal condition.
4.5.4 Line Voltage Circuit Supervision

If the line voltage is used for auto-reclosing with synchronism or dead line check, the line voltage is
monitored.
If the line circuit breaker is in close state which is indicated by binary inputs [BI_52b_Pha],
[ BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc], but the line voltage is lower than 40V, it means that line VT
circuit fails and an alarm [Alm_VTS_Ux] will be issued after 10s.
If auto-reclosing is disabled, or the logic settings [En_SynChk_AR] and [En_DeadChk_AR] are set
as “0”, line voltage is not needed to be connected and line voltage transformer circuit failure
supervision will be disabled.
When line voltage transformer circuit failure is detected, function of synchronism check and dead
line check in auto-reclosing logic will be disabled.
After line voltage resumes to normal condition, the alarm and its subsequences will be reset
automatically after 10s.
4.5.5 CT Circuit Supervision

The main purpose of the current transformer (CT) circuit failure supervision function is to detect
faults in the secondary circuits of CT and avoid influence on the operation of corresponding
protection functions. This function will be processed all the time, whether general fault detection
picks up or not.

The equipment measures zero sequence current from two sources, which is either calculated
depending on the summation of IA, IB and IC (3I0Cal=IA+IB+IC) or derived at the neutral current circuit
from three-phase currents (3I0).
If 3I0 is less than 0.75 times 3I0Cal or 3I0Cal is less than 0.75 times 3I0, after 200 ms, an alarm
[Alm_CTS] will be issued.
If 3I0Cal exists (3I0>0.1In) but 3U0Cal derived is nearly zero (3U0Cal<3V) and there is a phase whose
current is zero at least, after 10s, an alarm [Alm_CTS] will be issued.
When CT circuit failure is detected, CTFS will have the following influence on protection.
to disable zero-sequence current general fault detection
to disable inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
to release direction guard of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
3U0Cal: zero-sequence voltage calculated depending on the summation of UA, UB and UC. (i.e.,
3U0Cal=UA+UB+UC)
4.5.6 Binary Input Supervision

If either the binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR] or the binary input [BI_ExTrp3P_AR] is energized and
the duration exceeds 10s, an alarm [Alm_BI_ExTrp] will be issued.


Chapter 5 Metering and Recording
5.1 Metering
PCS-902 performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The relay samples
24 points per cycle and calculates the RMS value in each interval and updated the LCD display in
every 0.5 second. The measurement data can be displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or
on the local via tool software or remote PC. Navigate the menu to view the sampling value through
LCD screen.
1. RMS Values
Magnitude of phase voltage (Ua, Ub, Uc)
Magnitude of line phase voltage (Ux)
Magnitude of zero-sequence voltage (3U0)
Magnitude of phase current (Ia, Ib, Ic)
Magnitude of zero-sequence current (3I0 directly measured from CT circuit)
Access path: Press key “▲” to enter main menu firstly. Select the item “VALUES“ and press key
“ENT” to enter submenu “CPU_METERING”, and then press key “ENT”. The corresponding
metering values mentioned above are displayed on the LCD.
2. Phase angle
Phase angle of (Ua, Ub, Uc)
Phase angle of (Ux)
Phase angle of (Ia, Ib, Ic)
In “PHASE_ANGLE”, the phase angles displayed by three-phase current and three-phase voltage
are based on Phase A voltage.
No. Symbol Definition

Phase angle difference for A-phase voltage (Ua) relative to the phase A
1 Ang(Ua)
voltage (Ua)
Phase angle difference for B-phase voltage (Ub) relative to the phase A
2 Ang(Ub)
voltage (Ua)
Phase angle difference for C-phase voltage (Uc) relative to the phase A
3 Ang(Uc)
voltage (Ua)
Phase angle difference for circuit voltage (Ux) relative to the phase A
4 Ang(Ux)
voltage (Ua)
Phase angle difference for A-phase current (Ia) relative to the phase A
5 Ang(Ia)
voltage (Ua)

Phase angle difference for B-phase current (Ib) relative to the phase A
6 Ang(Ib)
voltage (Ua)
Phase angle difference for C-phase current (Ic) relative to the phase A
7 Ang(Ic)
voltage (Ua)
Access path: Press key “▲” to enter main menu firstly. Select the item “VALUES” and press key
“ENT” to enter submenu “PHASE_ANGLE”, and then press key “ENT”. The corresponding phase
angles mentioned above are displayed on the LCD.
5.2 Recording
5.2.1 General description
The PCS-902 series provides the following recording functions:
Event recorder
Disturbance recorder
These records are displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local or remote PC.
Navigate the menu to view the report through LCD screen.
5.2.2 Event recorder

5.2.2.1 General description
Event recorder includes self-supervision report, binary input change report and operating report.
The protective device can store 256 records of each kind for self-supervision report and binary
input change report, and 256 records of operating report in non-volatile memory.
5.2.2.2 Self-supervision Report
The protective device is under automatic supervision all the time. If there are any failure or
abnormal condition detected, such as, chip damaged, VT circuit failure and so on, it will be logged
in event recorder.
5.2.2.3 Binary Input Change Report
When there is binary input is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from “0” to “1”
or from “1” to “0”, it will be logged as an event recorder.
5.2.2.4 Operating Report
If operator implements some operation, such as reboot protective device, modify setting, and so
on, they will be logged as an event recorder.
5.2.3 Disturbance recorder

5.2.3.1 Application
Use the disturbance recorder to achieve a better understanding of the behavior of the power
network and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. An analysis
of the recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to improve existing equipment.

This information can also be used when planning for and designing new installations.
5.2.3.2 Design
Disturbance recorder is consisted of fault report and fault waveform. Disturbance recorder is
initiated by fault detector element.
Disturbance recorder has two types:
1. Fault detector element picks up without operation of protective element
2. Fault detector element picks up with operation of protective elements.
5.2.3.3 Capacity and Information of Fault Report
The protective device can store up to 256 records of fault report in non-volatile memory. If a new
fault occurs when 256 faults have been stored, the first type of fault report will be overwritten, and
then the oldest fault report will overwritten by the latest one if another new fault report is generated
again.
For each fault report, the following items are included:
Sequence number
Each operation will be recorded with a sequence number in the report and displayed on LCD
screen.
Date and time of fault occurrence
The time resolution is 1ms using the relay internal clock synchronized via GPS if connected.
Initiating date and time is when a protective fault detection operates.
Operating time
An operating time (not including the operating time of output relays) is recorded in the report.
Faulty phase
Fault location
To get accurate result of fault location, the following settings shall be set correctly:
1) Positive sequence line reactance [X1L]
2) Positive sequence line resistance [R1L]
3) Zero sequence line reactance [X0L]
4) Zero sequence line resistance [R0L]
5) Line length in km [LineLength]
protective elements
For the details of designation of each protective element, please refer to section 0 Display tripping
report

5.2.3.4 Fault Waveform Record Capacity and Information
The protective device can save 64 pieces of fault waveform. If a new fault occurs when 64 fault
waveform records have been stored, the waveform of the first type of fault report will be
overwritten, and then the latest waveform record will overwrite the oldest one if another new fault
waveform is generated again. The protective device stores actual samples that are taken at a rate
of 24 samples per cycle.

Chapter 6 Hardware Description

PCS-902 series is made of a 4U height 19” chassis for panel flush mounting. Components
mounted on its front include a 320×240 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 10 LED indicators and
a 9 pin connector for communication with PC. A monolithic micro controller is installed in the
equipment for these functions. Shown as Figure 6.1-1 front view of PCS-902.
HEALTHY
PCS - 902
ALARM
LINE DISTANCE RELAY
VT ALARM
AR READY
CH A ALARM
ENT
CH B ALARM
TRIP A
TRIP B
TRIP C
RECLOSE
Figure 6.1-1 Front view of PCS-902
The 10 LED indicators are, from top to bottom, operation (HEALTHY), VT circuit supervision (VT
ALARM) self-supervision (ALARM), auto-reclosing reclaimed (AR READY), channel supervision
(CH A ALARM, CH B ALARM), protection operates (TRIP A, TRIP B and TRIP C), auto-reclosing
operates (RECLOSE).
As to buttons of the keypad, “ENT” is “enter”, “GRP” is “group number” and “ESC” is “escape”.
Figure 6.1-2 Rear view of PCS-902

6.2 Typical Wiring
52b
Figure 6.2-1 Typical wiring of PCS-902 (conventional CT/VT)
If the device is provided with pilot optical-fibre channel, the NR1550 module shall be replaced with
NR1552 module.

Figure 6.2-2 Typical wiring of PCS-902 (ECVT)
In the protection system adopting electronic current and voltage transformer (ECVT), the merging
unit will merge the sample data of ECVT, and then send it to the protection device through
multi-mode optical fibre. The CPU module (NR1123) and MON module (NR1123) of protection
device receive the data from merging unit respectively through the optical-fibre interface to
complete the protection calculation and logic judgment.
The difference between the hardware platform based on ECVT and the hardware platform based
on conventional CT/VT lies in the receiving module of sample data only, and the protective device
receives the sampling data of merging unit through multi-mode optical fibre.
6.3 Plug-in Modules

This device is developed on the basis of our latest software and hardware platform, and the major
characteristics of the new platform include high reliability, great capability in anti-interference,
intellectualization and networking. See Figure 6.3-1 for hardware diagram.

Conventional CT/VT External

A/D DSP Opto-coupler
Binary Input
ECVT
Conventional CT/VT Output Relay

A/D DSP
ECVT
QDJ
ETHERNET PRINT
LCD/Power Supply CPU
GPS Serial Port +E
Figure 6.3-1 Hardware diagram
6.3.1 CPU Module (NR 1101B)

The CPU module consists of high-performance built-in processor, FLASH, SRAM, SDRAM,
Ethernet controller and other peripherals. Its functions include management of the complete
device, human machine interface, communication and waveform recording etc.
The CPU module uses the internal bus to receive the data from other modules of the device. It
communicates with the LCD module by RS-485 bus. This module is provided with two 100BaseT
Ethernet interfaces, two RS-485 communication interfaces PPS/IRIG-B differential time
synchronization interface and RS-232 printing interface.
The terminals and connection method of CPU module is shown in Figure 6.3-2.

ETHERNET
COM1
COM2
GPS
PRINT
Figure 6.3-2 CPU module
Terminals 101-104 are used to connect RS-485 communication serial port A.
Terminals 101-104 are used to connect RS-485 communication serial port B.
Terminals 109-112 are used to connect the differential synchronizing bus; it supports two kinds of
synchronization methods PPS and IRIG-B.
Terminals 113-116 are used to connect the printer; both the receiving and sending directions of
which are stated on the basis of the device.
The correct method of connection is shown in the above figure; generally, the shielded cables with
two pairs of twisted pairs inside shall be applied. One pair of the twisted pairs are respectively
used to connect the “+” and “–” terminals of difference signal; the other pair of twisted pairs are
used to connect the signal ground of the interface, i.e. connect the signal groundings of all the
devices connected with the bus to the twisted pair. The module reserves a free terminal for all the
communication ports; the free terminal has no connection with any signal of the device; it is used
to connect the external shields of the two cables when connecting multiple devices in series. The
external shield of cable shall be grounded at one of the ends.
6.3.2 DSP Module

The module consists of high-performance digital signal processor, optical-fibre interface, 16-digit
high-accuracy ADC that can perform synchronous sampling and other peripherals. The functions
of this module include analog data acquisition, sample data exchanging with the opposite side,

calculation of protection logic and tripping output etc.
When the module is connected to conventional CT/VT, it can perform the synchronous data
acquisition through the AC input board; when the module is connected to ECVT, it can receive the
real-time synchronous sample data from merging unit through the multi-mode optical-fibre
interface.
The module can provide 2,048 kbit/s or 64 kbit/s single-mode optical-fibre to exchange data and
signal with the opposite-side protection device.
6.3.3 MON Module

The module consists of high-performance digital signal processor, optical-fibre interface, 16-digit
high-accuracy ADC that can perform synchronous sampling and other peripherals. The functions
of this module include analog data acquisition, calculation of general fault detector elements and
providing positive power supply to output relay.
When the module is connected to conventional CT/VT, it can perform the synchronous data
acquisition through the AC input board; when the module is connected to ECVT, it can receive the
real-time synchronous sample data from merging unit through the multi-mode optical-fibre
interface.
The following figure is the type definition for MON module; corresponding module shall be adopted
in accordance with concrete situation.
NR1123D NR1123E NR1123F NR1123G NR1123K

TX1
TX TX
RX1 TX
Multi-mode
RX RX optical fibre, used
to ECVT
RX
TX TX1
TX
RX2
RX
RX TX Single-mode
TX optical fibre, used
to pilot distance
RX protection
RX
Figure 6.3-3 MON module
Where:
Type D: it is used to conventional CT/VT, and the device is provided with no optical-fibre channel;
Type E: it is used to conventional CT/VT, and the device is provided with optical-fibre channel;
Type F: it is used to ECVT, and the device is provided with no optical-fibre channel;
Type G type module is used to ECVT; and the device is provided with optical-fibre channel;

Type K: it is used to double ECVT (multi-breaker cases), and the device is provided with
optical-fibre channel.
6.3.4 AI Module (NR 1401)

The protection device which supports ECVT should not be equipped with this module. The slot
numbers of the module are 4 and 5. The AI module (NR1401) is applicable for the plant or station
with analog VT and CT.
The first group current input are IA1, IB1 and IC1 and the second group current input are IA2, IB2 and
IC2. The secondary rated value of AI module separately are 5A or 1A. Please declare which kind of
AI module is needed before ordering. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at
line side.
Calculated 3I0Cal is used for calculation of zero-sequence directional element and zero-sequence
overcurrent element, but measured 3I0 used for zero-sequence current fault detector element.
Therefore, measured 3I0 can be connected to the protection device if only one group of current
input, otherwise no measured 3I0 is provided. Maximum linear range of the current converter is
30In. Table 6.3-1 lists the pin number and its definition of AI module.
Measured zero-sequence current 3I0: zero-sequence current derived at the neutral current circuit
from three-phase currents
Calculated zero-sequence current 3I0Cal: zero-sequence current calculated depending on the

summation of IA, IB and IC, i.e. 3I0Cal=IA+IB+IC
Table 6.3-1 Terminal definition of AI module
Terminal No. Definition Definition Remark

401 Ia1 The current of phase A (IA Polarity mark)
402 Ia1′ The current of phase A
403 Ib1 The current of phase B (IB Polarity mark)
Group 1
404 Ib1′ The current of phase B
405 Ic1 The current of phase C (IC Polarity mark)
406 Ic1′ The current of phase C
407 Ia2 The current of phase A (IA Polarity mark)
408 Ia2′ The current of phase A
409 Ib2 The current of phase B (IB Polarity mark)
Group 2
410 Ib2′ The current of phase B
411 Ic2 The current of phase C (IC Polarity mark)
412 Ic2′ The current of phase C
413 Ua1 The voltage of phase A
414 Ua1′ The neutral point of phase A
415 Ub1 The voltage of phase B
Group 1
416 Ub1′ The neutral point of phase B
417 Uc1 The voltage of phase C
418 Uc1′ The neutral point of phase C
419 Ua2 The current of phase A Group 2

420 Ua2′ The voltage of phase A

421 Ub2 The neutral point of phase B
422 Ub2′ The voltage of phase B
423 Uc2 The neutral point of phase C
424 Uc2′ The voltage of phase C
425 GND Ground
The first group of voltage input are UA1, UB1 and UC1 and the second group of voltage input are UA2,
UB2 and UC2.
UX is the line voltage and used for synchronism check and can be connect to the any phase of
second group of voltage input. It could be any phase-to-ground voltage or phase-to-phase voltage.
If the auto-reclosing is disabled or enabled but without any check, the voltage UX should not be
connected.
The no-voltage check conditions will be met when the line voltage is less than 30V, and the voltage
conditions of synchronism check will be met when the line voltage is more than 40V. If the
automatic reclosure is disabled or the no check for automatic reclosure is enabled, the line voltage
could not be connected. When the automatic reclosure is enabled and the no-voltage check and
synchronism check is applied, check whether the input voltage is higher than 40V during the
normal operation of device. If it is, the alarm of VT circuit failure will be issue with a time delay of
10s and the alarm relay is triggered to work.
Terminal 425 is ground point. It shall be connected to ground bus.
6.3.5 GOOSE Module (optional)

This module consists of high-performance digital signal processor, two 100M optical-fibre Ethernet,
two 100M RJ-45 Ethernet and other peripherals. The module supports GOOSE function and IEC
61850-9-1 Protocol. Its functions include that the protective device receives data from the merging
unit and sending GOOSE command to the intelligent control device etc. This module is not
required when the GOOSE function is not applied.
The sending and receiving functions of GOOSE should be completed through configuring the
sending module and receiving module.
6.3.6 BI Module (NR 1502A)

Intelligent binary input module (NR 1502) can supervise 25 binary inputs at the same time and
transmit binary inputs to other modules by inner bus. For NR 1502D, the rated work voltage of all
binary inputs are 24V, and for NR 1502A, the rated work voltage of all binary inputs are 220/110V.
When the voltage of binary input is greater than 70% of rated work voltage, the binary input is
energized and when the voltage of binary input is smaller than 60% of rated work voltage, the
binary input is de-energized.
Pin No. Sign Description

01 BI_Pulse_GPS Binary input of time synchronizing pulse
02 BI_Print Binary input of initiating printing

Binary input of blocking communication between the

03 BI_BlkComm
protective device and SAS
04 BI_RstTarg Binary input of signal reset
05 EBI_PilotP Binary input of enabling pilot protection
06 EBI_DistP Binary input of enabling distance protection
Binary input of enabling zero-sequence overcurrent
07 EBI_ROC
protection
08 EBI_Opt1_AR Binary input 1 of mode option of automatic reclosure
09 EBI_Opt2_AR Binary input 2 of mode option of automatic reclosure
Binary input used to lockout the auto-reclosing function of
10 EBI_Lockout
the protected line.
Binary input of triggering channel exchange for pilot
11 BI_InitChTest
protection with blocking scheme
12 Bl_ExTrp_PilotP Binary input of terminating sending blocking signal
13 Blank Not used
14 Pwr+ Positive pole of power supply for opto-coupler (220V/110V)
Negative pole of power supply for opto-coupler
15 Pwr-
(220V/110V)
16 Blank Not used
Binary input of initiating automatic reclosure by
17 BI_ExTrp1P_AR
single-phase tripping
Binary input of initiating automatic reclosure by three-phase
18 BI_ExTrp3P_AR
tripping
19 BI_Alm_PLC Binary input of supervising the state of PLC channel
20 Not used
21 BI_Reserved Reserved binary input
Binary input of normally closed contact of phase A of circuit
22 BI_52b_Pha
breaker
Binary input of normally closed contact of phase B of circuit
23 BI_52b_Phb
breaker
Binary input of normally closed contact of phase C of circuit
24 BI_52b_Phc
breaker
25 BI_LowPres_AR Binary input of low pressure to block automatic reclosure
26 BI_Recv Binary input of receiving carrier signal
27 BI_RecvB Binary input of receiving carrier signal of phase B
28 BI_RecvC Binary input of receiving carrier signal of phase C
Binary input of unblocking signal for phase-segregated
29 BI_Unblocking
command mode
30 Blank
1. Terminal 814
The positive pole of opto-coupler, which should be connected with the positive pole of DC power

supply (PWR module: terminal 001). It is used to supervise whether DC power supply is normal or
not. The positive pole of PWR module should be connected to common of all binary inputs.
2. Terminal 815
The negative pole of opto-coupler, which should be connected with the negative pole of DC power
supply (PWR module: terminal 102).
3. Terminal 801
Binary input: [BI_Pulse_GPS]
It is used to receive clock synchronism signal from GPS or other equipment used clock
synchronism, the binary input [BI_Pulse_GPS] will change from “0” to “1” once per second or per
minute depended on the setting [GPS_Pulse]. When setting [GPS_Pulse] is set to “1”, the
equipment receives PPM (pulse per minute), otherwise, receives PPS (pulse per second). Clock
synchronism via RS-485 bus is recommended. Only one of them can be selected.
4. Terminal 802
Binary input: [BI_Print]
It is used to manually to trigger printing latest report when the equipment is configured as manual
printing mode by logic setting [En_Auto_Print]=0. The printer button is located on the panel usually.
If the equipment is configured as automatic printing mode ([En_Auto_Print]=1), report will be
printed automatically as soon as it is formed.
5. Terminal 803
Binary input: [BI_BlkComm]
It is used to block monitoring direction communication when the protective device is maintained. A
link located on the panel is used for that. When the equipment is in maintenance or commissioning
status, this link should be closed. All of the reports will not be sent via communication port then,
but local displaying and printing are still working. This link should be open during normal operation
condition.
6. Terminal 804
Binary input: [BI_RstTarg]
It is used to manually reset latching signal relay and LCD displaying. The reset is done by pressing
a button on the panel or by remote command via communication channel.
7. Terminal 805
Binary input: [EBI_PilotP]
It is used to enable pilot protection.
8. Terminal 806
Binary input: [EBI_DistP]

It is used to enable distance protection.
9. Terminal 807
Binary input: [EBI_ROC]
It is used to enable zero-sequence overcurrent protection.
10. Terminal 808
Binary input: [EBI_Opt1_AR]
It is used to select mode of auto-reclosing through switch associated with binary input
[EBI_Opt2_AR] when logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set as “0”.
11. Terminal 809
Binary input: [EBI_Opt2_AR]
It is used to select mode of auto-reclosing through switch associated with binary input
[EBI_Opt1_AR] when logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set as “0”.
The below table shows the relation between the state of binary input and AR mode.
Pin No. Binary input 1-Pole AR 3-Pole AR 1/3-Pole AR Disable

808 EBI_Opt1_AR 0 1 0 1
809 EBI_Opt2_AR 0 0 1 1
When binary inputs [EBI_Opt1_AR] and [EBI_Opt2_AR] are both energized, only the
auto-reclosing function of the protective device is disabled but selection of faulty phase is still valid.
The auto-reclosing function is still finished by the other protective device. The auto-reclosing
function of the protected line can be locked out through energizing the binary input [EBI_Lockout].
When logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set to “1”, the binary inputs [EBI_Opt1_AR] and
[EBI_Opt2_AR] are disabled.
12. Terminal 810
Binary input: [EBI_Lockout]
It is used to lockout the auto-reclosing function of the protected line. Three-phase tripping is
implemented and the auto-reclosing function will be locked out for any type of fault when it is
energized.
13. Terminal 811
Binary input: [BI_InitChTest]
It is used to trigger channel exchange for pilot protection with blocking scheme. By pushing the
button “CH TEST” on the panel to check whether the PLC channel is normal. In the case of pilot
protection with permissive scheme, this terminal does not need be connected.
14. Terminal 812
Binary input: [BI_ExTrp_PilotP]

It is common connected with tripping contact from other protective device, such as busbar
protection. It is used to terminate sending blocking signal to opposite end of line.
15. Terminals 817
Binary input: [BI_ExTrp1P_AR]
It is common connected with single-phase tripping contact from other protective device, such as
line protection. Auto-reclosing will be initiated when it is energized.
16. Terminal 818
Binary input: [BI_ExTrp3P_AR]
It is common connected with three-phase tripping contact from other protective device, such as
line protection. Auto-reclosing will be initiated when it is energized.
17. Terminal 819
Binary input: [BI_Alm_PLC]
It is used to supervise the state of PLC channel.
18. Terminal 822
Binary input: [BI_52b_Pha]
It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase A of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the status
of circuit. It is provided by interposing relay, for example, CZX-12R.
19. Terminal 823
Binary input: [BI_52b_Phb]
It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase B of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the
status of circuit. It is provided by interposing relay, for example, CZX-12R.
20. Terminal 824
Binary input: [BI_52b_Phc]
It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase B of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the
status of circuit. It is provided by interposing relay, for example, CZX-12R.
21. Terminal 825
Binary input: [BI_LowPres_AR]
It is connected with auxiliary contact of circuit breaker, which is used to supervise closing pressure
of circuit breaker. The auto-reclosing will be blocked after 200ms when it is energized. If
auto-reclosing of protective device is disabled, it need not be connected.
22. Terminal 826
Binary input: [BI_Recv]

It is the input of receiving signal for pilot protection. In the case of phase-segregated command
mode, it is the input of receiving signal of phase A for pilot protection.
23. Terminal 827
Binary input: [BI_RecvB]
It is a reserve binary input. In the case of phase-segregated command mode, it is the input of
receiving signal of phase B for pilot protection. Not used for single command mode.
24. Terminal 828
Binary input: [BI_RecvC]
It is a reserve binary input. In the case of phase-segregated command mode, it is the input of
receiving signal of phase C for pilot protection. Not used for single command mode.
25. Terminal 829
Binary input: [BI_Unblocking]
In the case of permissive PLC channel, it is the input of unblocking signal. However, in the case of
single command mode, or the mode of releasing blocking is not used, this terminal is not
connected.
Figure 6.3-4 External connections of BI module
6.3.7 BO Module (NR 1550)

01 Common_1 Common terminal for local signal
01~02 BO_Fail_1 Binary output 1 of failure signal (latching)

01~03 BO_Alm_Abnor_1 Binary output 1 of alarm signal (latching)
01~04 BO_Trp_1 Binary output 1 of tripping signal (latching)

01~05 BO_Cls_1 Binary output 1 of closing signal (latching)
06 Common_2 Common terminal for remote signal
06~07 BO_Fail_2 Binary output 2 of failure signal
06~08 BO_Alm_Abnor_2 Binary output 2 of alarm signal
09 Common_3 Common terminal 1 for sending signal

Binary output 1 of initiating sending carrier signal of phase
09~10 BO_TrigPLC_1-1
A
B
C
13 Common_4 Common terminal 2 for sending signal
A
B
C
17~18 BO_RstPLC Binary output 2 of blocking sending carrier signal
19 Common_5 Common terminal 1 for tripping contact
19~20 BO_Trp1P_1 Binary output 1 of single-phase tripping
19~21 BO_Trp3P_1 Binary output 1 of three-phase tripping
19~22 BO_Lockout_1 Binary output 1 of blocking auto-reclosure

Local signal Send signal
BO_Fail_1 BO_Fail_3
02
BO_Alm_Abnor_1 BO_TrigPLC_1-1
03 10
BO_Trp BO_TrigPLC_2-1
04 11
BO_Cls BO_TrigPLC_3-1
05 12
01 09
Event recorder Auto-reclosing 1
BO_TrigPLC_1-2 BO_Trp_1
14 20
BO_TrigPLC_2-2 BO_Trp3P_1
15 21
BO_TrigPLC_3-2 BO_BlkAR_1
16 22
13 19
Load Shedding Auto-reclosing 2
BO_Trp_3 BO_Trp_2
28 24
BO_Trp3P_3 BO_Trp3P_2
29 25
BO_BlkAR_3 BO_BlkAR_2
30 26
27 23
Remote signal Reset the dedicated transceiver
BO_Fail_2 BO_RstPLC
07 17
BO_Alm_Abnor_2
08 18
06
Figure 6.3-5 Output contacts and terminals of BO module
For annunciation signal, they are magnetic latching signals, so they can be reset by pressing
“RESET” button to energize binary input [BI_RstTarg] or reset command from SAS via
communication channel.
When DC power supply of protective device is lost or there is internal fault occurs in the protective
device, protective device will be blocked. Failure alarm signal will be issued by closing the
normally closed contact BO_Fail_1, BO_Fail_2 and BO_Fail_3.
When protective device is in abnormal condition but still running, such as VT circuit failure, CT
circuit failure, and so on, protective device is not blocked. Abnormal alarm signal will be issued by
closing the normally open contact BO_Alm_Abnor_1 and BO_Alm_Abnor_2.
When there is any protective element operating to trip three-phase circuit breaker or single-phase
circuit breaker, trip signal will be issued by closing the normally open contact BO_Trp_1,
BO_Trp_2 and BO_Trp_3. BO_Trp_1 and BO_Trp_2 can be used to initiate auto-reclosing of other
protective device by connecting with binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR].
When there is any protective element operating to trip three-phase circuit breaker, trip signal will
be issued by closing the normally open contact BO_Trp3P_1, BO_Trp3P_2 and BO_Trp3P_3.
BO_Trp3P_1 and BO_Trp3P_2 can be used to initiate auto-reclosing of other protective device by
connecting with binary input [BI_ExTrp3P_AR].
When the conditions that is used to block auto-reclosing is met, the normally open contact
BO_BlkAR_1, BO_BlkAR_2 and BO_BlkAR_3 will be closed.

BO_TrigPLC_1-1, BO_TrigPLC_2-1 and BO_TrigPLC_3-1 are contacts used to initiate dedicated

transceiver to send permissive signal. When it closes, permissive signal is sent for POTT and
PUTT. The normally closed contact BO_Fail_3 can be connected with the normally open contact
Send1-1 in parallel through a jumper. The normally closed contact BO_Fail_3 is used to short the
normally open contact Send1-1 to initiate dedicated transceiver to send permissive signal directly.
If pilot protection with permissive scheme is used, the jumper should be removed. The normally
open contact BO_TrigPLC_1-2, BO_TrigPLC_2-2 and BO_TrigPLC_3-2 are used to initiate event
recorder.
BO_RstPLC is used to reset the magnetic latching signals of the dedicated transceiver.
6.3.8 BO Module (NR 1551)

02 Common_1 Common terminal 1 of tripping
02~05 BO_TrpA_1 Binary output 1 of tripping of phase A
02~07 BO_TrpB_1 Binary output 1 of tripping of phase B
02~09 BO_TrpC_1 Binary output 1 of tripping of phase C
16 Common_5 Common terminal of remote signal
01~11 BO_Cls_1 Binary output 1 of closing circuit breaker
27~28 BO_Cls_3 Binary output 3 of closing circuit breaker
29~30 BO_Cls_2 Binary output 2of closing circuit breaker

Tripp 1 Trip 2
BO_TrpA_1 BO_TrpA_2
05 08
BO_TrpB_1 BO_TrpB_2
07 10
BO_TrpC_1 BO_TrpC_2
09 12
02 04
Trip 3 Trip 4
BO_TrpA_3 BO_TrpA_4
19 23
BO_TrpB_3 BO_TrpB_4
21 25
BO_TrpC_3 BO_TrpC_4
22 26
20 24
Remote signal Reclosing 1
BO_TrpA_5 BO_Cls_1
15 11
BO_TrpB_5
17
BO_TrpC_5
18 01
16 Reclosing 2
BO_Cls_3 BO_Cls_2
27 29
28 30
The second BO module provides five groups of phase-segregated trip contacts and three groups
of auto-reclosing contacts, which are all instantaneous operating contact. The normally open
contact BO_TrpA_1, BO_TrpB_1, BO_TrpC_1 and BO_Cls_1, are connected with the first group
of tripping coil and closing coil of interposing relay to trip and close circuit breaker respectively, for
example, CZX-12R. Others are used as remote signal, to initiate fault recorder and to initiate
circuit breaker failure protection. If there are two circuit breakers needed tripped, for example, 3/2
breaker arrangement, the normally open contact BO_TrpA_2, BO_TrpB_2 and BO_TrpC_2 are
used to trip the second circuit breaker.
6.3.9 BO Module (NR 1551B)



When these contacts in the second module are not enough to used, another BO module can be
use as a expansion. Additional four groups of phase-segregated trip contacts can be gained.
Please declare firstly before ordering.
6.3.10 PWR Module (NR 1301A)

The slot number of power supply module is “0”. View from the back of device, the last module is
the power supply module.
Terminal 001~003 of power supply module are the dry contacts for failure and alarm output by the
device. Terminal 001 is the common terminal, the failure contact is a normally closed contact and
the alarm contact is a normally open contact.
Terminals 004-006 of power supply module are the other group of dry contacts for failure and
alarm.
Terminals 007 and 008 of power supply module are the output terminals of 24V power supply, the
24 V power supply is mainly used for the 24V opto-coupler input module. Among which, the
terminal 007 is for 24V+ and the terminal 008 is for 24V-. The rated current output by the power
supply is 200 mA.
Terminals 010 and 011of power supply module are the power supply input terminals. In which, the
terminal 010 is for DC + and 011 is for DC -. The rated input voltages of power supply are adaptive
220V or 110V. For other voltage grades, special purchase order will be required. Before delivery,
please check the rated input voltage of the power supply module is the same as the voltage of
control power supply.

The power supply module provides terminal 012 and ground screw for the grounding of device.
Firstly, please connect the terminal 012 to the ground screw, and then use special ground wire to
connect it to the grounding copper busbar of cabinet. Good grounding is the most important
measure for keeping the device free from electromagnetic interference, hence, before the
application of the device, we must ensure that it has been well grounded.
NR1301A
COM1 01
BO_Fail_1
BSJ1 02 02
BO_Alm_Abnor_1
BJJ1 03 03
COM2 04 01
BO_Fail_2
BSJ2 05 05
BO_Alm_Abnor_2
BJJ2 06 06
24V+ 07 04
24V- 08
09
DC+ 10
DC- 11
GND 12
Grounding Screw
Grounding Bus
Table 6.3-2 Terminal definition of PWR module
6.3.11 Display Panel

The display panel consists of liquid crystal display module, keyboard, indicator lamp and ARM
processor. The functions of ARM processor include display control of the liquid crystal display
module, keyboard processing, and exchanging data with the CPU through serial port etc. The
liquid crystal display module is a high-performance grand liquid crystal panel with soft back lighting,
which has a user-friendly interface and an extensive display range.


Chapter 7 Settings
Chapter 7 Settings
The equipment has 10 setting groups for protection to coordinate with the mode of power system
operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, equipment parameters are common for
all protection setting groups.
Note!
All current settings in this chapter are secondary current converted from primary current by
CT ratio. Zero sequence current or voltage setting is configured according to 3I0 or 3U0
and negative sequence current setting according to I2 or U2.
7.1 Equipment Parameters

Overview
Table 7.1-1 Equipment parameters
No. Item Range

1 IP_Addr_NetA
2 Subnet_Mask_A
3 En_NetA
4 IP_Addr_NetB
5 Subnet_Mask_B
6 En_NetB
7 IP_Addr_NetC
8 Subnet_Mask_C
9 En_NetC
10 IP_Addr_NetD
11 Subnet_Mask_D
12 En_NetD
13 Comm_Addr 0~255
14 COM1_Baud 4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200
15 COM2_Baud 4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200
16 COM1_Protocol 0, 1 or 2
17 COM2_Protocol 0, 1 or 2
18 En_BlkComm 0 or 1
19 Printer_Baud 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400
20 En_Auto_Print 0 or 1
21 En_HiSpeed_Print 0 or 1
22 Opt_TimeSync 0, 1 or 2

Chapter 7 Settings
Setting Description
1. IP_Addr_NetA, IP_Addr_NetB, IP_Addr_NetC, IP_Addr_NetD
IP address of Ethernet A, Ethernet B, Ethernet C and Ethernet D
2. Subnet_Mask_A, Subnet_Mask_B, Subnet_Mask_C, Subnet_Mask_D
Subnet mask of Ethernet A, Ethernet B, Ethernet C and Ethernet D
3. En_NetA, En_NetA, En_NetA, En_NetA
Put Ethernet A, Ethernet B, Ethernet C and Ethernet D in service
They are used for Ethernet communication based on the 103 protocol. When the IEC 61850
protocol is applied, the IP address of Ethernet A will be GOOSE source MAC address.
4. Comm_Addr
Communication address between the protective device with the SCADA or RTU via RS-485
5. COM1_Baud
Baud rate of rear RS-485 communication port 1
6. COM2_Baud
Baud rate of rear RS-485 communication port 2
7. COM1_Protocol
Communication protocol of rear RS-485 serial port 1
0: IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
2: Modbus Protocol
8. COM2_Protocol
Communication protocol of rear RS-485 serial port 2
0: IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
2: Modbus Protocol
9. En_BlkComm
It is set as “1” when the device is in maintenance. During such period, the fault report due to test
will not be sent upstream through communication ports, while local display and printing will not be
affected.
It is set as “0” when the device is in service. The relation between this setting and binary input
[BI_BlkComm] is “OR”, i.e. as long as one of them is set as “1”, such information as fault report
and waveform will not be sent upstream.
10. Printer_Baud

Chapter 7 Settings
Baud rate of printer port
11. En_Auto_Print
If automatic print is required for fault report after protection operating, it is set as “1”. Otherwise, it
should be set to “0”.
12. En_HiSpeed_Print
It is set as “0” for common printing with high definition, while it is set as “1” for high-speed printing.
13. Opt_TimeSync
It is set as "0", “1” or “2” for different external clock source.
0: PPS (pulse per second) differential
1: IRIG-B differential
2: PPM (pulse per minute) via external contact
7.2 System Parameters

Overview
Table 7.2-1 System parameters
No. Item Range Set Value

1 Equip_ID
2 IN 1~10000A 1A
3 UN 1~200V 110V
1. Equip_ID
It is intended to set Chinese character field codes (12 bits) or ASCII codes (last 6 bits), which can
be recognized by the device automatically. Such setting is used for printing messages.
2. IN
Secondary rated current of CT (phase current)
3. UN
Secondary rated voltage of VT (phase-to-phase voltage)
7.3 Protection Settings

All settings of protection are based on secondary ratings of VT and CT.
Overview
Table 7.3-1 Protection settings
No. Item Remark Range

1 I_DPFC_OC_FD current setting of DPFC current fault detector 0.1IN~0.5 A×IN

Chapter 7 Settings
element
current setting of zero sequence current fault
2 I_ROC_FD 0.1IN~0.5 A×IN
detector element
3 Z_DPFC impedance setting of DPFC distance element 0.1IN~7.5IN (Ω)
impedance setting of pilot distance protection for
4 Z_PilotP 0.1IN~25IN (Ω)
forward direction element
impedance setting of pilot distance protection for
5 Z_Rev_PilotP 0.1IN~25IN (Ω)
reverse direction element
current setting of pilot directional zero-sequence
6 I_ROC_PilotP 0.1IN~20IN (A)
protection
7 t_ChAutoTest setting time of automatic channel test 0.00~24H
8 K0 zero-sequence compensation coefficient 0~2
9 I_OC_PSBR current setting for power swing blocking 0.2IN~2.2 A×IN
impedance setting of zone 1 of phase-to-ground
10 Z_PG1 0.01IN~25IN (Ω)
distance element
11 Z_PG2 0.01IN~25IN (Ω)
distance element
time delay of zone 2 of phase-to-ground distance
12 t_PG2 0.01~10 (s)
element
13 Z_PG3 0.01IN~25IN (Ω)
distance element
time delay of zone 3 of phase-to-ground distance
14 t_PG3 0.01~10 (s)
element
impedance setting of zone 1 of phase-to-phase
15 Z_PP1 0.01IN~25IN (Ω)
distance element
16 Z_PP2 0.01IN~25IN (Ω)
distance element
time delay of zone 2 of phase-to-phase distance
17 t_PP2 0.01~10 (s)
element
18 Z_PP3 0.01~25IN (Ω)
distance element
time delay of zone 3 of phase-to-phase distance
19 t_PP3 0.01~10 (s)
element
restrict impedance of the reach of distance
20 R_Blinder 0.01IN~25IN (Ω)
element
phase angle of line positive sequence
21 phi1_Reach 45~89 (deg)
impedance
22 phi0_Reach phase angle of line zero sequence impedance 45~89 (deg)
phase shift of zone 1, 2 of phase-to-ground
23 phi_Shift_ZPG 0, 15, 30 (deg)
distance element
phase shift of zone 1, 2 of phase-to-phase
24 phi_Shift_ZPP 0, 15, 30 (deg)
distance element

Chapter 7 Settings
current setting of stage 2 of zero sequence

25 I_ROC2 0.1~20 A×IN
overcurrent element
time delay of stage 2 of zero sequence
26 t_ROC2 0.01~10 (s)
overcurrent element
current setting of inverse-time zero-sequence
27 I_InvROC 0.1~20 A×IN
overcurrent protection
time delay of inverse-time zero-sequence
28 t_InvROC 0.01~10 (s)
overcurrent protection
current setting of accelerated stage of zero
29 I_ROC_SOTF 0.1~20 A×IN
sequence overcurrent element
phase current setting of overcurrent element for
30 I_OC_VTS 0.1~20 A×IN
VTS
zero-sequence current setting of overcurrent
31 I_ROC_VTS 0.1~20 A×IN
element for VTS
time setting of phase or zero-sequence
32 t_OC/ROC_VTS 0.1~10 (s)
overcurrent element for VTS
The current setting of broken conductor
33 I_BrknCond (0.02~30)×In
protection
Time delay of broken conductor protection
34 t_Alm_BrknCond 0~10 (s)
operates to issue alarm signal
Time delay of broken conductor protection
35 t_Trp_BrknCond 0~10 (s)
operates to trip
36 t_1P_AR time delay of single-pole auto-reclosing 0.1~10 (s)
37 t_3P_AR time delay of three-pole auto-reclosing 0.1~10 (s)
phase difference limit of synchronism check for
38 phi_SynChk_AR 0~90 (deg)
auto-reclosing
39 X1L positive sequence reactance of the line 0.01~655.35/In (Ω)
40 R1L positive sequence resistance of the line 0.01~655.35/In (Ω)
41 X0L zero sequence reactance of the line 0.01~655.35/In (Ω)
42 R0L zero sequence resistance of the line 0.01~655.35/In (Ω)
43 LineLength total length of the line 0~655.35 (km)
44 Line_ID number of the line 0-65535
Setting Description
1. I_DPFC_OC_FD
Setting step: 0.01A
Setting principle: This value should be greater than maximum variation of load current and
typically 0.2 In. For line with wide variation of load current like those for electric railway, heavy
rolling mill or aluminum-smelting, the setting should be increased properly so that frequent starting
of the equipment could be avoided.
2. I_ROC_FD

Chapter 7 Settings
Setting step: 0.01A
Setting principle: It shall be greater than maximum zero-sequence unbalance current. Setting it
based on same primary current on both ends.
3. Z_DPFC
Setting step: 0.01Ω
Setting principle: it shall be 80~85% impedance of whole line. For double-circuit lines, 70% of the
line impedance is recommended. However, for short line, it is recommended that DPFC distance
protection should be disabled if the set value is smaller than 1/In.
4. Z_PilotP
Setting principle: It shall be greater than 1.3 times impendence of whole line.
5. Z_Rev_PilotP
Setting step: 0.01A
Setting principle: It should be equal to 1.5~2 times of setting [Z_PilotP] at the opposite end minus
the whole line impedance. This setting is valid only when PCS-902 is used for weak infeed end
(i.e., logic setting [En_WE_PilotP] is set as “1”).
6. I_ROC_PilotP
Setting step: 0.01s
Setting principle: It should ensure that pilot directional zero-sequence protection is sensitive
enough when an earth fault happens in the remote end of line.
7. t_ChAutoTest
Setting step: 0.01
Setting principle: In the case of blocking scheme, if the logic setting [En_ChAutoTest] is set as “1”,
the PLC channel can be tested by exchanging signal automatically, whenever the internal clock
goes to the same time as the setting [t_ChAutoTest]. The setting is set based on BCD code
according to 12-hour clock, for example, 12:30 should be set as 12.30 and the settings should be
different between two ends of line.
8. K0
Setting step: 0.01
Setting principle: K0 = (Z0L–Z1L)/3Z1L, where Z0L and Z1L are zero and positive sequence
impedance of the line respectively. Actual measurement value is suggested adopted, but
calculated value with 0.05 subtracted from can also be used if there is not actual measurement
value.
9. I_OC_PSBR

Chapter 7 Settings
Setting step: 0.01A
Setting principle: This current setting should be greater than maximum load current of the line. The
sensitivity coefficient takes 1.1.
10. Z_PG1
Setting principle: Setting of this zone should be 0.8~0.85 times the impedance of the line and
should be decreased properly for line with mutual inductance. The recommended value is 0.7
times the impedance of the line. The setting should avoid zone 1 of distance element maloperation
when a fault occurs in the remote bus of line.
11. Z_PP1
Setting principle: Setting of this zone should be 0.8~0.85 times the impedance of the line. The
setting should avoid zone 1 of distance element maloperation when a fault occurs in the remote
bus of line.
12. Z_PG2, Z_PG3, Z_PP2, Z_PP3, t_PG2, t_PG3, t_PP2 and t_PP3
Setting principle: Setting of the impedance and time delay of these zones should meet
requirements between various zones and operation should be ensured even for fault at end of the
line.
13. R_Blinder
Setting principle: It should be less than the minimum impedance measured during heavy load
conditions and it should meet the requirement of sensitivity, usually take 0.7 as sensitive
coefficient.
14. phi1_Reach and phi0_Reach
Setting step: 1°
Phase angle of positive and zero sequence impedance of the line. Set as they should be.
15. phi_Shift_ZPG
Setting step: 1°
Phase shift of zone 1 and 2 phase-to-ground distance element. Recommended value: 30°for
length of the line < 10 km, 15°for length ≥10 km and 0°for length ≥40 km.
16. phi_Shift_ZPP
Setting step: 1°
Phase shift of zone 1 and 2 phase-to-phase distance element. Recommended value: 30°for
length of the line < 2 km, 15°for length ≥2 km and 0°for length ≥10 km.

Chapter 7 Settings
17. I_ROC2, t_ROC2
Current settings and time delay of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection.
18. I_InvROC
It is set according to the fault condition via maximum fault resistance (i.e. maximum fault
resistance takes 100Ω for 220kV transmission line and 300Ω for 500kV transmission line), and it
shall be greater than the maximum unbalanced current during the normal operation condition,
usually not greater than 300A.
19. t_InvROC
It is the time constant of normal IDMT equation and the following criterion shall be met:
⎧t 0ZDinv ≥ TS + Δt
⎨
⎩t 0ZDinv ≥ t 0ZD2XL + Δt
Where:
t 0ZDinv : The time delay of the inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection
t 0ZD2XL : The time delay of zone 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection in the
adjacent line
Δt : The extra time delay
TS : The time delay for 1-pole reclosing
20. I_ROC_SOTF
Setting step: 0.01A
Setting principle: This setting should ensure sufficient sensitivity to ground fault at end of the line.
21. I_OC_VTS
Setting step: 0.01A
Current setting of phase overcurrent element for VTS.
22. I_ROC_VTS
Setting step: 0.01A
Current setting of zero sequence overcurrent element for VTS.
23. t_OC/ROC_VTS
Setting step: 0.01s
Time setting of phase and zero sequence overcurrent elements for VTS.

Chapter 7 Settings
24. I_BrknCond
Setting step: 0.01A
The current setting of broken conductor protection, once the maximum phase current is greater
than it, and furthermore, the unsymmetrical current detection element operates, the broken
conductor protection will operate
25. t_Alm_BrknCond
Setting step: 0.01s
Time setting of broken conductor protection operates to issue alarm signal
26. t_Trp_BrknCond
Setting step: 0.01s
Time setting of broken conductor protection operates to trip at detecting broken conductors
27. t_1P_AR and t_3P_AR
Setting step: 0.01s
Time setting of single-pole and three-pole AR.
28. phi_SynChk_AR
Setting step: 1°
Synchronism check angle for auto-reclosing. Permissive difference between busbar voltage and
line voltage during synchronism check process.
29. X1L, R1L, X0L and R0L
Positive sequence and zero sequence reactance and resistance of the line. Parameter of the
transmission line, used for calculation of fault location.
30. LineLength
Total length of the line. The actual total length of the line km, used for calculation of fault location.
31. Line_ID
Number of the line. The actual identification number of the transmission line in site, only used for
printing report.
Note!
For impedance setting, even if some zones of distance element are disabled, these
settings must meet the following relation:
[Z_PP3]≥[Z_PP2]≥[Z_PP1];

Chapter 7 Settings
[Z_PG3]≥[Z_PG2]≥[Z_PG1];
Impedance setting of zone 3 of distance element should be sensitive to fault at end of the
line.
Note!
All zero sequence current settings should be greater than that of zero-sequence current
fault detector element. These settings must meet the following relation:
[I_ROC2]≥[I_ROC_FD];
7.4 Logic Settings

These logic settings are used to configure protective function of the protective device. They can be
set as “1” or “0”. Setting as “1” means that the corresponding protective function is enabled or valid,
while setting as “0” means that the corresponding protective function is disabled or invalid.
Overview
Table 7.4-1 Logic settings
No. Item Remark

1 En_Z_DPFC enable DPFC distance protection
2 En_Z_PilotP enable pilot distance protection
3 En_ROC_PilotP enable pilot directional zero-sequence protection
4 Opt_P/B_PilotP option of permissive scheme or blocking scheme
5 En_ChAutoTest enable automatic channel test
6 En_WE_PilotP enable weak infeed scheme
7 En_LineVT primary voltage of VT deriving from line voltage
8 En_PSBR enable PSBR for zone 1,2 of distance element
9 En_ZPG1 enable zone 1 of phase-to-ground distance element
12 En_ZPP1 enable zone 1 of phase-to-phase distance element
15 En_Blinder enable restrict impedance measured of line load
16 En_Z2SOTF_AR3P enable zone 2 of distance element for SOTF when 3-pole AR
17 En_Z3SOTF_AR3P enable zone 3 of distance element for SOTF when 3-pole AR
Logic setting for enabling inverse-time zero-sequence
18 En_Dir_InvROC
overcurrent protection controlled by direction element
Logic setting for enabling inverse-time zero-sequence
19 En_FixDly_InvR overcurrent protection operate with an additional time delay
(100ms)
20 En_3PTrip enable three-phase tripping mode

Chapter 7 Settings
Logic setting of enabling broken conductor protection operates

21 En_Alm_BrknCond
to issue alarm signal
Logic setting of enabling broken conductor protection operates
22 En_Trp_BrknCond
to trip
23 En_AR enable auto-reclosing
24 En_SynChk_AR enable synchronism check for auto-reclosing
25 En_NoVolChk_AR enable no voltage check for auto-reclosing
26 En_NoChk_AR enable no check for auto-reclosing
27 En_CB_Init_AR enable position of circuit breaker to initiate auto-reclosing
enable auto-reclosing blocked when zone 2 of phase-to-phase
28 En_ZPP2_Blk_AR
distance element operating
enable auto-reclosing blocked when phase-to-ground zone 2 of
29 En_ZPG2_Blk_AR
distance element operating
enable auto-reclosing blocked when stage 2 of directional
30 En_ROC2_Blk_AR
zero-sequence overcurrent element operating
enable auto-reclosing blocked when selection of faulty phase
31 En_PhSF_Blk_AR
fails
32 En_PDF_Blk_AR enable auto-reclosing blocked in pole discrepancy condition
33 En_MPF_Blk_AR enable auto-reclosing blocked when multi-phase fault happens
34 En_3PF_Blk_AR enable auto-reclosing blocked when three-phase fault happens
35 En_SetOpt_AR select AR mode by logic setting
36 En_1P_AR enable 1-pole auto-reclosing mode
37 En_3P_AR enable 3-pole auto-reclosing mode
38 En_1/3P_AR enable 1/3-pole auto-reclosing mode
Setting Description
1. En_Z_DPFC
The DPFC distance element
1: enable
0: disable
For short transmission line, if the secondary value of line impedance is less than 1/IN, DPFC
distance protection should be disabled.
2. En_Z_PilotP
The pilot distance protection
1: enable
0: disable
3. En_ROC_PilotP
The pilot directional zero-sequence protection

Chapter 7 Settings
1: enable
0: disable
4. Opt_P/B_PilotP
The option of permissive scheme or blocking scheme
1: permissive scheme
0: blocking scheme
5. En_ChAutoTest
The function of automatic channel test
1: enable
0: disable
The channel test can be implement automatically two times per day if the logic setting is set as “1”.
6. En_WE_PilotP
The function of POTT for weak infeed end;
“1”: enable
“0”: disable
Note!
For heavy power source, logic setting [En_WE_PilotP] is set as “0”, and for weak power
source or load, logic setting [En_WE_ PilotP] is set as “1”. It can ensure internal fault is
cleared quickly.
7. En_LineVT
If three-phase voltage used for protection measurement comes from line side (for example, 3/2
breaker), it should be set as “1”. If three-phase voltage comes from busbar side, it should be set as
“0”.
1: Three phase voltage is from line voltage, synchronism voltage is single-phase voltage from bus
voltage
0: Three phase voltage is from bus voltage, synchronism voltage is single-phase voltage from line
voltage
Note!
The setting must be set carefully. The no-voltage check and the synchronous check will
determine the locations of line voltage and busbar voltage on the basis of the setting. If the
setting is mistaken, the mistaken judgment may be made.

Chapter 7 Settings
8. En_PSBR
The function of power swing blocking for zone 1,2 of distance element;
1: enable; zone 1,2 of distance element is controlled by PSB element.
0: disable; zone 1,2 of distance element is not controlled by PSBR element, and power swing
blocking for zone 1,2 of distance element is released all along.
9. En_ZPG1, En_ZPG2, En_ZPG3, En_ZPP1, En_ZPP2 and En_ZPP3
The zone 1(2, 3) of phase-to-ground distance element enabled and zone 1(2, 3) of
phase-to-phase distance relay enabled, if these setting are set to “1”, in the same time, virtual
binary input [VEBI_DistP] should be set as “1”. If none of them is met, the distance protection shall
be disabled.
10. En_Blinder
The function of restrict impedance measured of line load
1: enable
0: disable
Please refer to section 3.7.4.
11. En_Z2SOTF_AR3P, En_Z3SOTF_AR3P
If the setting is set as “1”, zone2, 3 of distance element for auto-reclosing SOTF is enabled. If the
power swing does not occur after reclosing, the corresponding zone of distance protection which is
not controlled by power swing block will trip after a shorter time delay than [t_PG2] or [t_PP2] and
[t_PG3] or [t_PP3].
12. En_Dir_InvROC
Logic setting for enabling inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection controlled by

direction element
1: enable;
0: disable;
13. En_FixDly_InvR
Logic setting for enabling inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection operates with an
additional time delay (100ms)
1: enable;
0: disable;
14. En_3PTrip
If it is set as “1”, three-pole tripping will be implemented for any fault but auto-reclosing is not
blocked.

Chapter 7 Settings
15. En_Alm_BrknCond
If the setting is set as “1”, the broken conductor protection will be enabled to issue alarm signal
when detecting the broken conductor condition.
16. En_Trp_BrknCond
If the setting is set as “1”, the broken conductor protection will be enabled to trip at detecting
broken conductors when detecting the broken conductor condition.
17. En_AR
If the setting is set as “1”, and all conditions of lockout auto-reclosing are not met, auto-reclosing
enabled.
18. En_SynChk_AR
The function of synchronism check
1: enable
0: disable
19. En_NoVolChk_AR
The function of no voltage check
1: enable
0: disable
20. En_ZPP2_Blk_AR
The function of auto-reclosing blocked when phase-to-phase zone 2 of distance element

operating;
1: enable;
0: disable;
21. En_ZPG2_Blk_AR
The function of auto-reclosing blocked when phase-to-ground zone 2 of distance element

operating;
1: enable;
0: disable;
22. En_ROC2_Blk_AR
The function of auto-reclosing blocked when stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent

element operating;
1: enable;
0: disable;

Chapter 7 Settings
23. En_PhSF_Blk_AR
If the setting is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be blocked when selection of faulty phase fails.
24. En_PDF_Blk_AR
If the setting is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be blocked in pole discrepancy condition.
25. En_MPF_Blk_AR
If the setting is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be blocked when multi-phase fault happens.
26. En_3PF_Blk_AR
If the setting is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be blocked when three-phase fault happens.
27. En_SetOpt_AR
When the setting is set as “1”, AR mode can be selected by logic settings [En_1P_AR], single-pole
AR, [En_3P_AR], three-pole AR, and [En_1/3P_AR], single-pole and three-pole AR. Conversely, if
it is set as “0”, AR mode can be selected by switch on the panel. Please refer to section 6.3.6.
28. En_1P_AR, En_3P_AR and En_1/3P_AR
If these setting are set as “1”, corresponding auto-reclosing mode is selected.
7.5 Virtual EBI

Virtual enable binary input (VEBI) is a kind of special logic setting to enable protection functions.
These virtual binary inputs can be configured through local HMI or remote PC, no matter logic
setting [En_Remote_Cfg] is 1 or not.
Table 7.5-1 Virtual binary input
No. VEBI setting Remark

1 VEBI_PilotP enable pilot protection
2 VEBI_DistP enable distance protection
3 VEBI_ROC enable directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
4 VEBI_Lockout enable auto-reclosing blocking
Each VEBI setting is one of the conditions that decide whether the relevant protection is in service,
when this relay is energized. Through SAS or RTU, the VEBI settings can be set as “1” or “0”;
and it means that the relevant protection can be in service or out of service through remote
command. It provides convenience for operation management.
These virtual binary inputs provide a convenient way for the operator to put the function in service
or out of service remotely away from an unattended substation.
Except for [VEBI_Lockout], logic relation between these virtual enable binary inputs mentioned in
the table and corresponding logic setting is AND. If it is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be locked out.
It should be set as “0” generally.

Chapter 7 Settings

Chapter 8 Human Machine Interface

The operator can access the protective device from the front panel. Local communication with the
protective device is possible using a computer via an RS232 port on the front panel. Furthermore,
remote communication is also possible using a PC with the substation automation system via an
RS485 port. The operator is able to check the protective device status at any time.
This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), and give operator a instruction about how
to display or print event report, setting and so on through HMI menu tree and display metering
value, including mean current, voltage and frequency etc. through LCD. In the same time, how to
change active setting group or a settable parameter value through keypad is also described in
details.
8.1 Overview
The human-machine interface consists of a human-machine interface (HMI) module which allows
a communication to be as simple as possible for the user. The HMI module helps to draw your
attention to something that has occurred which may activate a LED or a report displayed on the
LCD. Operator can locate the data of interest by navigating the keypad.
5
HEALTHY
PCS - 902
ALARM
LINE DISTANCE RELAY
VT ALARM
AR READY
CH A ALARM
ENT
CH B ALARM
TRIP A
TRIP B
TRIP C 1 3
RECLOSE
4
2
Figure 8.1-1 The front panel
The function of HMI module:
No. Item Description

A 320×240 dot matrix backlight LCD display is visible in dim
1 LCD lighting conditions. The corresponding messages are displayed
when there is operation implemented.
2 LED 10 status indication LEDs
3 Keypad Numeric keypad and command keys for full access to the relay
DB9 RS232 port for communication with a PC for local
4 Communication port
communication
5 Logo Type and designation and manufacturer of protection device

The items can be flexibly configured depending on the situations like sampling method of
protection device (conventional CT/VT and ECVT), the mode of binary output (conventional binary
output and GOOSE binary output), and whether it needs independent binary output for pole
discrepancy protection. The configurations for PCS-900 series protective device of power network
based on microcomputer are classified into standard and optional modules.
No. ID Description Remark

1 NR1101B CPU module standard
2 NR1123 DSP module standard
3 NR1123 MON module standard
4 NR1401 AI module optional
5 NR1126 GOOSE module optional
6 NR1502A BI module standard
7 NR1502 BI module optional
8 NR1550A BO module standard
9 NR1551A BO module optional
10 NR1551B BO module optional
11 NR1301A PWR module standard
8.1.1 Keypad Operation
Figure 8.1-2 Keypad buttons
1. “ESC”:
Cancel the operation
Quit the current menu
2. “ENT”:
Execute the operation
Confirm the interface
3. “GRP”
Activate the switching interface of setting group
4. leftward and rightward direction keys (“◄” and “►”):
Move the cursor horizontally
Enter the next menu or return to the previous menu

5. upward and downward direction keys (“▲” and “▼”)
Move the cursor vertically
Select command menu within the same level of menu
6. plus and minus sign keys (“＋” and “－”)
Modify the value
Modify and display the message number
Page up/down
8.1.2 LED Indications
When the protection device runs normally after it is energized, the “HEALTHY” LED should be on
all the time. Only with serious fault (such as chip damage, check error of setting, etc.) will the
“HEALTHY” LED go out and the protection device be blocked.
When the protection device runs normally after it is energized, the “ALARM” LED should go out.
Only when abnormal situations except channel abnormity and VT circuit failure happen, will the
signal indicator lamp be lightened. This signal lamp goes out automatically when the abnormal
situations disappear.
After the protection device is energized, if it works normally, the “VT ALARM” LED shall not be on.
Only when the secondary circuit of busbar VT or line VT fails, will the “VT ALARM” LED be
lightened. Moreover, it will go out automatically in 10 seconds after the abnormal situations
disappear.
After the protection device is energized, the “AR READY” LED shall go out. Only when all the
charging conditions for automatic reclosure are met can the “AR READY” LED be lightened after
10s. After the reclosing is executed for one shot, the “AR READY” LED will go out automatically.
When the protection device runs normally after it is energized, the “CH A ALARM” LED should go
out. Only when the channel A has error codes or invalid data frames, etc. will the signal indicator
lamp be lightened.

When the protection device runs normally after it is energized, the “CH B ALARM” LED should go
out. Only when the channel B has error codes or invalid data frames, etc. will the signal indicator
lamp be lightened.
After the protection device is energized, normally the “TRIP A” LED should go out. Only when the
protection device sends out phase A tripping signal will the signal lamp be lightened.
After the protection device is energized, normally the “TRIP B” LED should go out. Only when the
After the protection device is energized, normally the “TRIP C” LED should go out. Only when the
After the protection device is energized, normally the “RECLOSE” LED should go out. Only when
the protection device sends out reclosing signal will the signal lamp be lightened.
8.1.3 Communication Port
Figure 8.1-3 Communication ports
It is used to access the hardware of the protection device via HyperTerminal. This port is only used
to monitor the communication state by engineering debugging personnel and debug the program
by developers.
8.1.4 Communication
The CPU (NR1101) module is comprised by embedded processor of high performance, FLASH,
SRAM, SDRAM, Ethernet controller and other peripheral equipments. It can realize the
management, human machine interface, communication and waveform recording of the whole
device.

ETHERNET 1 Communication with SCADA, support IEC61850 and IEC60870-5-103 protocol

NR1101
ETHERNET 2 Communication with SCADA, support IEC61850 and IEC60870-5-103 protocol
ETHERNET
Network A
101 485+
Network B 102 485- RS-485 serial port 1, communication with SCADA, support IEC61850 and
IEC60870-5-103 protocol
103 SGND1
485+ 104 FGND
485-
SGND1 105 485+
FGND
106 485- RS-485 serial port 2, communication with SCADA, support IEC61850 and
485+
IEC60870-5-103 protocol
485- 107 SGND2
SGND2
FGND 108 FGND
IRIGB+
109 IRIGB+
IRIGB-
SGND3 110 IRIGB-
FGND Connect differential synchronization bus, support PPS and IRIG-B
RXD 111 SGND3
TXD
112 FGND
SGND4
FGND 113 RXD
114 TXD Connect the printer; both the receiving and sending directions of which are
stated on the basis of the device.
115 SGND4
116 FGND
Figure 8.1-4 Rear view and terminal definition of NR1101 module
The rear view of NR1101 module and the definition of its terminals are shown as Figure 8.1-4. The
CPU module uses the data of other modules in the receiver device of internal bus, and
communicates with LCD panel via RS-485 bus. This module is equipped with two 100BaseT
Ethernet interface, two RS-485 external communication interface, PPS/IRIG-B differential
synchronization interface and RS-232 printer interface.
Basically, two pairs of twisted-pair shielded cable shall be selected, of which, one pair of twisted
pairs connects respectively to the positive terminal and negative terminal of differential signal. The
other pair links the signal ground of this port, i.e. all the signal grounds of the device connected to
the bus shall be connected with the twisted pair. This module saves an empty terminal for each
communication port, which does not connect with any signal of this device, in order to connect the
external screens of two sections of cable together when many devices are jointed up in series. The
external screens of cable shall be grounded at one point of some end.
8.2 Understand the HMI Menu Tree

8.2.1 Overview
Press “▲” of any running interface and enter the main menu. Select different submenu by “▲” and
“▼”. Enter the selected submenu by pressing “ENT” or “►”. Press “◄” and return to the previous
menu. Press “ESC” and exit the main menu directly. For sake of executing the command menu
again, one command menu will be recorded in the quick menu after its first execution. Five latest
menu commands can be recorded in the quick menu. When the five menu commands are
recorded, the latest menu command will cover the earliest one, adopting the “first in first out”
principle. It is arranged from top to bottom and in accordance with the execution order of command

menus. Press “▲” to enter the main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
For the first powered protective device, there is no recorded shortcut menu. Press “▲” to enter the
main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
INTERFACE
DEBUG
VERSION
CLOCK
CONTROL
SETTINGS
PRINT
REPORT
VALUES

Figure 8.2-1 Menu tree
Under the main interface, press “▲” to enter the main menu, and select submenu by pressing “▲”,

“▼” and “ENT”. The command menu adopts a tree shaped content structure. The above diagram
provides the integral structure and all the submenus under menu tree of the protection device.
8.2.2 VALUES
This menu is mainly used to display the real time sampling value of current and voltage and the
input state of the protection device, which fully reflects the running environment of the protection
device. As long as the displayed values of the two items consist with the actual running situation,
basically, the protection device can work normally. This menu is set to greatly facilitate the
debugging and maintenance of people on site.
This menu includes the following command menus.
No. Item Function description

1 ALM_STATE Display the alarm signal state.
2 BI_STATE Display the input signal state.
Display the measured value of phase angle of current and
3 PHASE_ANGLE
voltage.
4 MON_METERING Display the measured value of current of initiating panel.
Display the measured value of current and voltage of protection
5 CPU_METERING
panel.
8.2.3 REPORT
This menu is used for displaying the fault report, abnormal record, binary signal and running
reports , so that the operator can load to view and use as the reference of analyzing accidents and
maintaining the device. All the reports are stored in non-volatile memory, it can still record the
reports even if it losses its power. Each type of report can be saved for 256 times.

1 CTRL_REPORT Running and operation reports of protection device.
2 BI_CHG_REPORT Status change of binary signal.
3 ALM_REPORT Self-check and alarm information of protection device.
4 TRP_REPORT Fault report of protective device.
8.2.4 PRINT
This menu is used for printing device description, setting, fault report, abnormal record report,
binary signal, waveform and information related with 103 Protocol.
This menu includes the following command menus and submenus.

Print 103 Protocol information, including function type (FUN),
1 PROTOCOL information serial number (INF), general classification service
group number, and channel number (ACC).

2 WAVEFORM Print waveform report.

Print the current state of the protection device, including voltage,
3 PRESENT_VALUES
current sampling value, binary signal, setting, and etc.
4 BI_CHG_REPORT Print the input displacement information.
5 ALM_REPORT Print the self-check alarm information.
6 TRP_REPORT Print the fault report.
Print the protection device setting, including communication
parameter, protection setting, virtual binary input setting, and
7 SETTINGS equipment parameter. It can print by different classifications as
well as printing all settings of the device. Besides, it can also print
out the latest modified setting item.
8 EQUIP_DESCRON Print the description information of protection device.
The submenu “WAVEFORM” includes the following command menus.

Includes branch current/voltage waveform and operation sequence
1 SMPL_WAVE
diagram of each binary signal.
The submenu “SETTINGS” includes the following command menus.

1 RecentModifiedSet Print the content of the latest modified setting.
Print the content of all settings including equipment parameters,
2 PrintAllSetting system parameters, protection settings, logic settings and virtual
EBI settings.
3 PROT_SETTINGS Print the protection settings.
4 SYS_SETTINGS Print the equipment parameter settings and logic settings.
5 VEBI_SETTINGS Print the virtual binary input settings.
6 EQUIP_SETTINGS Print the equipment parameters.
8.2.5 SETTINGS
This menu is used for checking the setting of device equipment parameter, virtual binary input
setting, protection setting, logic setting and system parameter, as well as modifying any of the
above setting items. Moreover, it can also execute the setting copy between different setting
groups.

1 CopySettings Copy setting between different setting groups.
2 PROT_SETTINGS Check or modify the protection setting and logic setting.
3 SYS_SETTINGS Check or modify the equipment parameter setting.

4 VEBI_SETTINGS Check or modify the setting of the virtual binary input setting.
5 EQUIP_SETTINGS Check or modify the communication parameter.
8.2.6 CONTROL
This menu is used for resetting the tripping relay with latch, protection device signal lamp, LCD
display, as the same as the resetting function of binary input. Record the currently acquired
waveform data of the protection device under normal condition for printing and uploading SAS.
Besides, it can send out the request of program download.

Reset the local signal, the signal indicator lamp and the LCD
1 TARG_RESET
display.
2 TRIG_OSCILLOG Trigger waveform recording.
3 CLR_STATE Eliminate the state statistics of pilot channel of the device state.
4 DOWNLOAD Send out the download request.
8.2.7 CLOCK
It is used to display and modify the current date and time of the protection device.
8.2.8 VERSION
It is used to check the information like the program version of each intelligent module in the
protection device and the program generating time.
8.2.9 DEBUG
This menu is mainly used for developers to debug the program and for engineers to maintain
device. It can be used to check module information and item fault message, and fulfill the
communication test function. It is also used to generate all kinds of report or event to transmit to
the SAS without any external input, so as to debug the communication on site.

1 BOARD_INFO Monitor the current working state of each intelligent module.
Automatically generate all kinds of message to transmit to the
backstage, including tripping, self-check and binary signal
2 COMM_TEST transmission. It can realize the transmission of messages of
different classification, as well as the transmission of all types of
messages.
3 ITEM_TRP_REPORT Check the fault report one by one.
4 TRP_REPORT Check the fault reports.
5 ALM_REPORT Check the self-supervision reports

6 BI_CHG_REPORT Check the binary signals.

7 CH_REPORT Check the reports of channel status.
8.2.10 INTERFACE
This menu is mainly used for set LCD display language. This menu includes the following
command menus.

1 LANGUAGE Set LCD display language
8.3 Understand the LCD Display

8.3.1 Normal Status Display
After the protection device is powered and turns into the initiating interface, it takes 30 seconds to
complete the initialization of protection device. During the initialization of protection device, the
“HEALTHY” indicator lamp of the protection device goes out.
Under normal condition, the LCD will display the following interface. The LCD adopts white color
as its backlight that is activated if once there is any keyboard operation, and is extinguished
automatically after 60 seconds of no operation.
The displayed content of the interface contains: the current date and time of the protection device
(with a format of yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:), the currently valid setting group number, the three-phase
current sampling value, the zero-sequence current sampling value, the three-phase voltage
sampling value, the zero-sequence voltage sampling value, the line voltage sampling value, line
frequency and bus frequency. if all the sampling values of the voltage and the current can’t be fully
displayed within one screen, they’ll be scrolling-displayed automatically from the top to the bottom.
If the device has detected any abnormal state, it will display the self-check alarm information.

8.3.2 Display Fault Report

This protection device can store 256 times of fault reports and 64 times of fault waveforms. When
there is protection element operating, the LCD will automatically display the latest fault report, and
two kinds of LCD display interfaces will be available depending on whether there is self-check
report at present.
For the situation that the fault report and the self-check report coexist, the upper half part is fault
report, and the lower half part is self-check report. As to the upper half part, it displays separately
the record number of fault report, fault name, generating time of fault report (with a format of
yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss), protection element and tripping element. If there is protection element, there
is relative time on the basis of fault detector element and fault phase. At the same time, if the total
lines of protection element and tripping element are more than 3, a scroll bar will appear at the
right. The height of the black part of the scroll bar basically indicates the total lines of protection
element and tripping element, and its position suggests the position of the currently displayed line
in the total lines. The scroll bar of protection element and tripping element will roll up at the speed
of one line per time. When it rolls to the last three lines, it will roll from the earliest protection
element and tripping element again. The displayed content of the lower half part is similar to that of
the upper half part.
If the device has no self-check report, the display interface will only show the fault report.
All the possibly displayed fault reports are shown as Table 8.3-1.
Table 8.3-1 Tripping information

1 Op_Z_DPFC DPFC distance protection operating to trip
2 Op_Z_PilotP Pilot distance protection operating to trip
3 Op_ROC_PilotP Pilot directional zero-sequence protection operating to trip
4 Op_Z1 Zone 1 of distance protection operating to trip
7 Op_Z_SOTF Distance SOTF protection operating to trip
8 Op_Prot_PDF Protective device operating under the pole discrepancy
9 Op_ROC_SOTF Zero-sequence SOTF protection operating to trip
Stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
10 Op_ROC2
operating to trip
11 Op_InvROC Inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection operating
Zero-sequence overcurrent protection operating for VT circuit
12 Op_ROC_VTS
failure
13 Op_OC_VTS Phase overcurrent protection operating for VT circuit failure
14 Op_PhSelFail Three-pole tripping for failure in fault phase selection
15 Op_1PTrpFail Three-pole tripping for failure in single-pole tripping
16 Op_Persist1P Three-pole tripping for single-phase operation
17 Op_AR Auto-reclosing operating
18 Op_BrknCond Broken conductor protection operating to trip

8.3.3 Display Self-supervision Report

This protection device can store self-check report for 256 times. During the running of protection
device, the self-check report of hardware self-check errors or system running abnormity will be
displayed immediately.
All the possibly displayed alarm messages are shown as Table 8.3-2.
Table 8.3-2 Self-supervision information

1 Alm_TrpOut The control chips of binary output circuit is damaged
2 Alm_Setting Invalid settings in active setting group
3 Alm_Pwr_Opto Loss of opto-coupler power supply
4 Alm_VTS Busbar VT circuit failure
5 Alm_VTS_Ux Line VT circuit failure
6 Alm_CTS CT circuit failure
7 Alm_52b Binary input [BI_52b] is abnormal
Binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR] and [BI_ExTrp3P_AR] are
8 Alm_ExTrp_BI
abnormal
9 Alm_Invalid_Smpl_CPU Sampled data of DSP module is invalid
10 Alm_Abnor_Smpl_CPU Sample data of DSP module is abnormal
The difference of time stamp between any two sampling
11 Alm_FramDly_CPU points of DSP module exceeds setting value (if adopting
ECVT)
12 Alm_PersistFD General fault detector element operates for greater than 10s
Zero-sequence overcurrent element operates for greater
13 Alm_PersistI0
than 10s
14 Alm_Invalid_Smpl_MON Sampled data of MON module is invalid
15 Alm_Abnor_Smpl_MON Sample data of MON module is abnormal
The difference of time stamp between any two sampling
16 Alm_FramDly_MON points of MON module exceeds setting value (if adopting
ECVT)
Sample data of MON module is abnormal and triggering
17 Alm_Oscillog_CPU
waveform recording
Sample data of DSP module is abnormal and triggering
18 Alm_Oscillog_MON
waveform recording
19 Alm_DSP_CPU DSP check of DSP module is error
20 Alm_DSP_MON DSP check of MON module is error
Communication channel between the protection devices at
21 Alm_Comm_Ch
both ends of transmission line
22 Alm_BI_Unblocking Binary input [BI_Unblocking] is abnormal
23 Alm_BrknCond Broken conductor protection operating to issue alarm signal
8.3.4 Display Binary Signal

This protection device can store 256 times of binary signals. During the running of the protection

device, the binary signals will be displayed once the input signal state changes.
All the possibly displayed binary signals are shown as Table 8.3-3.
Table 8.3-3 Binary signal

1 BI_ExTrp_PilotP Blocking pilot protection due to external protection operating
2 BI_52b_Pha Normally closed auxiliary contact of phase A circuit breaker
3 BI_52b_Phb Normally closed auxiliary contact of phase B circuit breaker
4 BI_52b_Phc Normally closed auxiliary contact of phase C circuit breaker
5 BI_LowPres_AR Low pressure to block auto-reclosing
6 BI_InitChTest Initiating sending blocking signal to test PLC channel
7 BI_Alm_PLC The PLC channel abnormal
8 BI_Unblocking Releasing the blocking for pilot protection with permissive scheme
9 EBI_Opt1_AR The option 1 of AR mode
10 EBI_Opt2_AR The option 2 of AR mode
11 BI_ExTrp1P_AR The external single-pole tripping to initiate AR
12 BI_ExTrp3P_AR The external three-pole tripping to initiate AR
13 VEBI_PilotP Virtual binary input for enabling pilot protection
14 VEBI_DistP Virtual binary input for enabling distance protection
Virtual binary input for enabling zero-sequence overcurrent
15 VEBI_ROC
protection
16 VEBI_Lockout Virtual binary input for enabling lockout auto-reclosing
17 EBI_PilotP Binary input for enabling pilot protection
18 EBI_DistP Binary input for enabling distance protection
19 EBI_ROC Binary input for enabling zero-sequence overcurrent protection
20 EBI_Lockout Binary input for enabling lockout auto-reclosing
21 BI_Rcev Receiving PLC signal from the remote end
22 BI_RecvB Receiving PLC signal of phase B from the remote end
23 BI_RecvC Receiving PLC signal of phase C from the remote end
24 BI_Pulse_GPS Receiving pulse signal for time synchronization from GPS
25 BI_Print Trigger printing report
26 BI_BlkComm Blocking communication between equipment with the SAS system
27 BI_RstTarg Initiating reset of latching signal and LCD displaying
Note!
For binary signals [BI_Pulse_GPS], [BI_Print], [BI_BlkComm] and [BI_RstTarg], they are
not logged in the event recorder and only are viewed on the LCD through menu “BI
STATE”
8.3.5 Display Run Report

This protection device can store the run report for 256 times. During the running of the protection
device, the running report will be displayed after any operation of it is conducted.

It will be displayed on the LCD before the fault report and self-check report are confirmed. Only
pressing the restore button on the protection screen or pressing both “ENT” and “ESC” at the
same time can switch among the fault report, the self-check report and the normal running state of
protection device to display it. The binary signal will be displayed for 5s and then it will return to the
previous display interface automatically.
8.4 Keypad Operation

8.4.1 View Device Status
The operation is as follows:
1. Press the “▲” to enter the main menu;
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “VALUES” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most);
5. Press the “◄” or “►” to select pervious or next command menu;
6. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “VALUES” menu);
8.4.2 View Device Report

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “REPORT” menu, and then press the
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down;
5. Press the “＋” or “－” to select pervious or next record;
7. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “REPORT” menu);
For the fault report, view the single item fault report by the command menu
“ITEM_TRP_REPORT”, and the item fault report produces with change of any item of fault report.
The item fault report can save for 1024 times at most.

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “DEGUG” menu, and then press the
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “ITEM_TRP_REPORT”,
and then press the “ENT” to enter the menu;
4. Press the “＋” or “－” to select pervious or next record;
5. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “DEBUG” menu).
8.4.3 View Module Information

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “DEBUG” menu, and then press the “ENT”
or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “BOARD_INFO”, and
then press the “ENT” to enter the menu;
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the scroll bar;
5. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “DEBUG” menu).
8.4.4 Print Device Report

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “PRINT” menu, and then press the “ENT”
Selecting the “TRP_REPORT”, and then
Press the “＋” or “－” to select pervious or next record. After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will
display “Start Printer Now”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu “PRINT”).
If the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and the LCD will
display “Printer Busy Now…”. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “PRINT”).
Selecting the command menu “ALM_REPORT” or “BI_CHG_REPORT”, and then
Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor. Press the “＋” or “－” to select the starting and ending
numbers of printing message. After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printer Now…”,
and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu “PRINT”). Press the “ESC” to exit this
menu (returning to the menu “PRINT”).
4. If selecting the command menu “PROTOCOL”, “PRESENT_VALUES” or

“EQUIP_DESCRON”, press the “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start printer Now..”, and

then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu “PRINT”);
5. If selecting the “WAVEFORM” or “SETTINGS”, press the “ENT” or “►” to enter the next
level of menu;
6. After entering the submenu “SETTINGS”, press “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor, and then
press the “ENT” to print the corresponding default value. If selecting the
“PROT_SETTINGS” or “PrintAllSetting”:
Press the “＋” or “－” to select the setting zone to be printed. After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will
display “Start Printer Now…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
“SETTINGS”). Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “SETTINGS”).
7. After entering the submenu “WAVEFORM”, press the “ENT” to enter the “SMPL_WAVE”.
Without waveform data, the LCD will display “No Wave Form Data!” (Before executing
the command menu “SMPL_WAVE”, it is necessary to execute the command menu
“TRIG_OSCILLOG” in the menu “CONTROL”, otherwise the LCD will display “No Wave
Form Data!”). With waveform data existing:
Press the “＋” or “－” to select pervious or next record. After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will
display “Start Printer Now…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
“WAVEFORM”). If the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and
the LCD will display “Printer Busy Now…”. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the
menu “WAVEFORM”).
8.4.5 View Device Setting

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “SETTINGS” menu, and then press the
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor;
5. Press the “+” or “-” to page up/down;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “SETTINGS”).
Note!
If the displayed information exceeds 14 lines, the scroll bar will appear on the right side of
the LCD to indicate the quantity of all displayed information of the command menu and the
relative location of information where the current cursor points at.

8.4.6 Modify Device Setting

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “SETTINGS” menu, and then press
the “ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor;
5. Press the “+” or “-” to page up/down;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “SETTINGS” );
8. If selecting the command menu “EQUIP_SETTINGS”, move the cursor to the setting
item to be modified, and then press the “ENT”;
Press the “＋” or “－” to modify the value (if the modified value is of multi-bit, press the “◄” or “►”
to move the cursor to the digit bit, and then press the “＋” or “－” to modify the value), press the
“ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the displayed interface of the command menu
“EQUIP_SETTINGS”. Press the “ENT” to automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed
interface of the command menu “EQUIP_SETTINGS”).
Move the cursor to continue modifying other setting items. After all setting values are modified,
press the “◄”, “►” or “ESC”, and the LCD will display “Save or Not?”. Directly press the “ESC” or
press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select the “Cancel”, and then press the “ENT” to
automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command menu
“EQUIP_SETTINGS”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select “No” and press the “ENT”, all modified setting item
will restore to its original value, exit this menu (returning to the menu “SETTINGS”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to select “Yes”, and then press the “ENT”, the LCD will
display password input interface.

Input a 4-bit password (“＋”, “◄”, “▲” or “－”). If the password is incorrect, continue inputting it,
and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the displayed interface
of the command menu “EQUIP_SETTINGS”. If the password is correct, LCD will display “Save
Setting Now…”, and then exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command
menu “EQUIP_SETTINGS”), with all modified setting items as modified values.
Note!
For different setting items, their displayed interfaces are different but their modification
methods are the same. The following is ditto.
9. If selecting the command menu “VEBI_SETTINGS”, move the cursor to the setting to
be modified, and then press the “ENT”;
10. If selecting the command menu “EQUIP_SETTINGS”, move the cursor to the default
item to be modified, press the “ENT”
Note!
After modifying the parameter settings of the device, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp of the
protection device will go out, and the protection device will automatically restart and
re-check the protection setting. If the check does not pass, the protection device will be
blocked.
11. If selecting the command menu “PROT_SETTING”, the LCD will display the following
interface:

Press the “＋” or “－” to modify the value, and then press the “ENT” to enter it. Move the cursor to
the setting item to be modified, press the “ENT” to enter.
Note!
After modifying the equipment parameter of the device, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp of
the protection device will go out, and the protection device will automatically restart and
re-check the protection setting. If the check does not pass, the protection device will be
blocked.
8.4.7 Copy Device Setting

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “SETTINGS” menu, and then press the
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “COPY_SETTINGS”,
and then press the “ENT” to enter the menu.
Press the “＋” or “－” to modify the value. Press the “ESC”, and return to the menu “SETTINGS”.
Press the “ENT”, the LCD will display the interface for password input, if the password is incorrect,
continue inputting it, press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the menu
“SETTINGS”. If the password is correct, the LCD will display “copy setting OK!”, and exit this menu
(returning to the menu “SETTINGS”).
8.4.8 Switch Setting Group

1. Exit the main menu;
2. Press the “GRP”

Press the “＋” or “－” to modify the value, and then press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the main menu). After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will display the password input interface. If the
password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input
interface and return to its original state. If the password is correct, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp
of the protection device will go out, and the protection device will re-check the protection setting. If
the check does not pass, the protection device will be blocked. If the check is successful, the LCD
will return to its original state.
8.4.9 Delete Device Message

1. Exit the main menu;
2. Press the “＋”, “－”, “＋”, “－” and “ENT”; Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the original state). Press the “ENT” to carry out the deletion.
Note!
The operation of deleting device message will delete all messages saved by the protection
device, including fault report, self-check report, binary signal and run report. Furthermore,
the message is irrecoverable after deletion, so the application of the function shall be
cautious.
8.4.10 Modify Device Clock

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “CLOCK” menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter clock display
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the date or time to be modified;
4. Press the “+” or “-” to modify value, and then press the “ENT” to save the modification
and return to the main menu;
5. Press the “ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the main menu.
8.4.11 Check Software Version

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “VERSION” menu, and then press the
“ENT” to display the software version;
3. Press the “ESC” to return to the main menu.

8.4.12 Communication Test

2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “DEBUG” menu, and then press the “ENT”
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “COMM_TEST”, and
then press the “ENT” to enter the menu, at this moment, the LCD will display “Enter
Communication Test Now…”;
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to select the corresponding command menu
“AllTest”, “TripTes”, “SelfSup” and “BinChan”.
Note!
If no input operation is carried out within 60s, exit the communication test and return to the
“DEBUG” menu, at this moment, the LCD will display “Communication Test Exit Now…”.
5. If selecting the “AllTest”, press the “ENT”, and the device will successively carry out the
“TripTes”, “SelfSup” and “BinChan”.
6. If selecting the “TripTes”, “SelfSup” or “BinChan”, press the “ENT”.
7. Press the “+” or “-” to page up/down, and then press the “▲” or “▼” to move the scroll bar.
(taking the “TripTes” as an example):
Move the cursor to select the corresponding protection elements. Press the “ENT” to execute the
communication test one by one, the SAS will receive the corresponding fault report, and view the
fault report produced by communication test in the command menu “ITEM_TRP_REPORT”.
Note!
If no input operation is carried out within 60s, exit the communication transmission and
return to the “DEBUG” menu, at this moment, the LCD will display “Communication Test
Overtime Exit”.
If selecting the “SelfSup” or “BinChan”, not only the SAS can receive the corresponding
self-check report or binary signals, but also the self-check report or binary signals
produced by communication test can be respectively viewed by the two command menus
of “ALM_REPORT” and “BI_CHG_REPORT” in the menu “REPORT”.
8. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “DEBUG”, at this moment, the
LCD will display “Communication Test Exit Now…”.
Note!
The LCD interface provided in this chapter is a mere reference and available for explaining

specific definition of LCD. The displayed interface of the actual protection device may be
different from it, so you shall be subject to the actual protection device.


Chapter 9 Communications

This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR Relays. The protective device
supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or Ethernet),
selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective device is
indicated in the submenu in the “EQUIP SETTINGS” column. Using the keypad and LCD, set the
parameter [COM1_Protocol] and [COM2_Protocol], the corresponding protocol will be selected.
The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be “daisy chained” together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.
It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.
9.2 Rear Communication Port Information

9.2.1 RS-485 Interface
This protective device provides two rear RS-485 communication ports, and each port has three
terminals in the 12-terminal screw connector located on the back of the relay and each port has a
ground terminal for the earth shield of the communication cable. The rear ports provide RS-485
serial data communication and are intended for use with a permanently wired connection to a
remote control center.
9.2.1.1 EIA RS-485 Standardized Bus
The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the product’s connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.
9.2.1.2 Bus Termination
The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120Ω (Ohm) ½ Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 9.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so if it is located at the bus terminus then an external termination resistor will be required.

Figure 9.2-1 EIA RS-485 bus connection arrangements
9.2.1.3 Bus Connections & Topologies
The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device is directly connected to the physical cable that
is the communications bus. Stubs and tees are expressly forbidden, such as star topologies. Loop
bus topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden by it also.
Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length must
not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end, normally
at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially when the
cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.
This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the product’s chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.
9.2.1.4 Biasing
It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state because the bus is not being actively driven. This can occur when
all the slaves are in receive mode and the master is slow to turn from receive mode to transmit
mode. This may be because the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a high
impedance state, until it has something to transmit. Jabber causes the receiving device(s) to miss
the first bits of the first character in the packet, which results in the slave rejecting the message
and consequentially not responding. Symptoms of these are poor response times (due to retries),
increasing message error counters, erratic communications, and even a complete failure to
communicate.
Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V. There
should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point.
The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Note that some
devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias, in which case external components will
not be required.
Note!

It is extremely important that the 120Ω termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so will
result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.
As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NARI-RELAYS cannot assume
responsibility for any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a
result of incorrect application of this voltage.
Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic inputs)
as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.
9.2.2 Ethernet Interface

This protective device can provide four rear Ethernet interfaces (optional) and they are unattached
each other. Parameters of each Ethernet port can be configured in the submenu “EQUIP
SETTINGS”.
9.2.2.1 Ethernet Standardized Communication Cable
It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A picture
is shown bellow.
Figure 9.2-2 Ethernet communication cable
9.2.2.2 Connections and Topologies
Each equipment is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a
star structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is
also connected to the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so the every equipment
which has been connected to the exchanger will play a role of slave unit.

Figure 9.2-3 Ethernet communication structure
9.2.3 IEC60870-5-103 Communication

The IEC specification IEC60870-5-103: Telecontrol Equipment and Systems, Part 5: Transmission
Protocols Section 103 defines the use of standards IEC60870-5-1 to IEC60870-5-5 to perform
communication with protective device. The standard configuration for the IEC60870-5-103
protocol is to use a twisted pair EIA RS-485 connection over distances up to 500m. It also supports
to use an Ethernet connection. The relay operates as a slave in the system, responding to
commands from a master station.
To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings to the protective
device must be configured.
9.3 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Serial Port

The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface with the
protective device as the slave device. It is properly developed by NARI-RELAYS.
The protective device conforms to compatibility level 3.
The following IEC60870-5-103 facilities are supported by this interface:
Initialization (reset)
Time synchronization
Event record extraction
General interrogation
General commands
Disturbance records
9.3.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer

Two EIA RS-485 standardized ports are available for IEC60870-5-103 in this protective device.
The transmission speed is optional: 4800 bit/s, 9600 bit/s, 19200 bit/s or 38400 bit/s.
The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.
9.3.2 Initialization
Whenever the protective device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have
been changed, a reset command is required to initialize the communications. The protective
device will respond to either of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference
is that the Reset CU will clear any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.
The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.

9.3.3 Time Synchronization

The protective device time and date can be set using the time synchronization feature of the
IEC60870-5-103 protocol. The protective device will correct for the transmission delay as specified
in IEC60870-5-103. If the time synchronization message is sent as a send/confirm message then
the protective device will respond with a confirmation. Whether the time-synchronization message
is sent as a send confirmation or a broadcast (send/no reply) message, a time synchronization
class 1 event will be generated/produced.
If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input then it will not be possible to
set the protective device time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. An attempt to set the time via
the interface will cause the protective device to create an event with the current date and time
taken from the IRIG-B synchronized internal clock.
9.3.4 Spontaneous Events

Events are categorized using the following information:
Type identification (TYP)
Function type (FUN)
Information number (INF)
All spontaneous events can be gained by printing, implementing submenu “PROTOCOL” in the
menu “PRINT”.
9.3.5 General Interrogation

The GI can be used to read the status of the relay, the function numbers, and information numbers
that will be returned during the GI cycle. The GI cycle strictly abides by the rules defined in the
IEC60870-5-103.
Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.
9.3.6 General Service

The generic functions can be used to read the setting and protection measurement of the
protective device, and modify the setting. Two supported type identifications are ASDU 21 and
ASDU 10. For more details about generic functions, see the IEC60870-5-103 standard.
All general classification service group numbers can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“PROTOCOL” in the menu “PRINT”.
Note!
If the setting [En_Remote_Cfg] in the submenu “VEBI_SETTINGS” is set as “0”, to modify

protection settings remotely will not be allowed. Moreover, equipment parameters are not
allowed to be modified remotely whether the item [En_Remote_Cfg] is “1” or “0”.

9.3.7 Disturbance Records

This protective device can store up to eight disturbance records in its memory. A pickup of the fault
detector or an operation of the relay can make the protective device store the disturbance records.
The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.
All channel numbers (ACC) of disturbance data can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“PROTOCOL” in the menu “PRINT”.
9.4 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Ethernet

The IEC60870-5-103 interface over Ethernet is a master/slave interface with the relay as the slave
device. It is properly developed by NARI-RELAYS too. All the service of this relay is based on
generic functions of the IEC60870-5-103. The following table lists all the group number of this relay.
And this relay will send all the relevant information about group caption to the SAS or RTU after
establishing a successful communication link.
Group Number Group Caption Description

0 Device Description
1 Device Parameter
2 Setting Group
3 Setting
6 Virtual Enabling BI
9 Measurement
10 Fault Data
11 Net Setting
12 Enabling BI
13 Operation Element
14 Alarm Info
15 Disturbance Info List
9.5 Messages Description for IEC61850 Protocol
9.5.1 Overview
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of years of work by electric utilities and vendors of electronic
equipment to produce standardized communications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards
describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, substation design and configuration,
testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:
IEC 61850-1: Introduction and overview
IEC 61850-2: Glossary
IEC 61850-3: General requirements

IEC 61850-4: System and project management
IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models
IEC 61850-6: Configuration description language for communication in electrical substations

related to IEDs
IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Principles and models
IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)
Common data classes
Compatible logical node classes and data classes
IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link
IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-10: Conformance testing
These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.
9.5.2 Communication profiles

The PCS-900 series relay supports IEC 61850 server services over TCP/IP communication
protocol stacks. The TCP/IP profile requires the PCS-900 series to have an IP address to establish
communications. These addresses are located in the submenu “EQUIP_SETTINGS”.
1. MMS protocol
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. Actual IEC 61850-7-2 abstract services and objects are mapped to MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.
2. Client/server
This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and
communication activity is controlled by the client. IEC61850 clients are often substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation equipment such
as protection relays, meters, RTUs, transformer, tap changers, or bay controllers.

3. Peer-to-peer
This is a non-connection-oriented, high speed type of communication usually between substation

equipment, such as protection relays, intelligent terminal. GOOSE is the method of peer-to-peer
communication.
4. Substation configuration language (SCL)
A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe IED and communication
system realized according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7. Each configured device has an IEC
Capability Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description (CID) file. The substation single
line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The entire substation
configuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the
combination of the individual ICD files and the SSD file, moreover, add communication system
parameters (MMS, GOOSE, control block, SV control block) and the connection relationship of
GOOSE and SV to SCD file.
9.5.3 Server data organization

IEC61850 defines an object-oriented approach to data and services. An IEC61850 physical device
can contain one or more logical device(s) (for proxy). Each logical device can contain many logical
nodes. Each logical node can contain many data objects. Each data object is composed of data
attributes and data attribute components. Services are available at each level for performing
various functions, such as reading, writing, control commands, and reporting.
Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one or more
logical device(s), and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD
contains information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains information
about the IED logical device.
9.5.3.1 Digital status values
The GGIO logical node is available in the PCS-900 series relays to provide access to digital status
points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality flags.
The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital status
points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital status
values from the PCS-900 series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered reporting
features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI display
screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability
reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are transmitted
to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control block
(BRCB) is defined in LLN0.
9.5.3.2 Analog values
Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the else in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from a IED current/voltage “source”. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2 provides

data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog data objects
are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the corresponding
unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical nodes provide the
following data for each source:
MMXU.MX.Hz: frequency
MMXU.MX.PPV.phsAB: phase AB voltage magnitude and angle
MMXU.MX.PPV.phsBC: phase BC voltage magnitude and angle
MMXU.MX.PPV.phsCA: Phase CA voltage magnitude and angle
MMXU.MX.PhV.phsA: phase AG voltage magnitude and angle
MMXU.MX.PhV.phsB: phase BG voltage magnitude and angle
MMXU.MX.PhV.phsC: phase CG voltage magnitude and angle
MMXU.MX.A.phsA: phase A current magnitude and angle
MMXU.MX.A.phsB: phase B current magnitude and angle
MMXU.MX.A.phsC: phase C current magnitude and angle
9.5.3.3 Protection logical nodes
The following list describes the protection elements for all PCS-900 series relays. The specified
relay will contain a subset of protection elements from this list.
PDIF: current differential and transfer trip
PDIS: phase-to-phase distance, phase-to-ground distance and SOTF distance
PTUC: undercurrent
PTOC: phase overcurrent, zero sequence overcurrent and overcurrent when CTS, broken
conductor protection
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning
PTUV: undervoltage
PTUF: underfrequency
PTOV: overvoltage and auxiliary overvoltage
PSCH: Protection scheme
RPSB: Power swing detection/blocking
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function
RREC: automatic reclosing
RSYN: Synchronism-check

RFLO: Fault locator
The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags “PTRC.ST.Str.general”. The operate flag for PTOC1 is “PTOC1.ST.Op.general”. For the
PCS-900 series relay protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for
the corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is
reported via BRCB, and it also locates in LLN0.
9.5.3.4 LLN0 and other logical nodes
Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings. System settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED
will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
PCS-900 series relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:
LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the “operate” outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common “trip” to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or
alternatively, any combination of “operate” outputs of protection functions may be combined to
a new “operate” of PTRC.
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers the fault wave recorder and its output refers
to the “IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System”
(IEC 60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording, independently of the
trigger mode.
9.5.4 Server features and configuration

9.5.4.1 Buffered/unbuffered reporting
IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks locate in LLN0, they can be configured
to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes), binary status
values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and MSQI). The
reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via an
IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.
TrgOps: Trigger options.
The following bits are supported by the PCS-900 series relays:

－ Bit 1: Data-change
－ Bit 4: Integrity
－ Bit 5: General interrogation
OptFlds: Option Fields.
The following bits are supported by the PCS-900 series relays:
－ Bit 1: Sequence-number
－ Bit 2: Report-time-stamp
－ Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion
－ Bit 4: Data-set-name
－ Bit 5: Data-reference
－ Bit 6: Buffer-overflow (for buffered reports only)
－ Bit 7: EntryID (for buffered reports only)
－ Bit 8: Conf-revision
－ Bit 9: Segmentation
IntgPd: Integrity period.
BufTm: Buffer time.
9.5.4.2 File transfer
MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a PCS-900 series relay.
9.5.4.3 Timestamps
The timestamp values associated with all IEC61850 data items represent the time of the last
change of either the value or quality flags of the data item.
9.5.4.4 Logical node name prefixes
IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:
A five or six-character name prefix.
A four-character standard name (for example, MMXU, GGIO, PIOC, etc.).
A one or two-character instantiation index.
Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.

9.5.4.5 GOOSE services
IEC61850 specifies the type of peer-to-peer data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also Devices that transmit GOOSE messages
also function as servers. Each GOOSE publisher contains a “GOOSE control block” to configure
and control the transmission.
The transmission is also controlled via device setting “GOOSE Group ID” in the setting submenu
“EQUIP SETUP”. The “GOOSE Group ID” setting item defines a definite IED group in which the
IED can communicate with each other via GOOSE protocol, and if GOOSE Group ID is configured
to “0”, GOOSE service is blocked in this IED. IEC61850 recommends a default priority value of 4
for GOOSE. Ethernet traffic that does not contain a priority tag has a default priority of 1. More
details are specified in IEC61850 part 8-1. IEC61850 recommends that the Ether-type Application
ID number be configured according to the GOOSE source.
The PCS-931 series relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE)
communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset. It is this
dataset that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset is
configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for
implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between PCS-900 series relays.
IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be
correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the
transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.
The general steps required for transmission configuration are:
1. Configure the transmission data
2. Configure the transmission dataset
3. Configure the GOOSE service settings
The general steps required for reception configuration are:
1. Configure the GOOSE service settings
2. Configure the reception data
9.5.5 ACSI Conformance

9.5.5.1 ACSI basic conformance statement
Services Client Server PCS-900 Series

Client-Server Roles
B11 Server side (of Two-party Application-Association) － C1 Y

B12 Client side (of Two-party Application-Association) C1 － N

SCSMS Supported
B21 SCSM: IEC 61850-8-1 used N N Y
B22 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-1 used N N N
B23 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-2 used N N N
B24 SCSM: other N N N
Generic Substation Event Model (GSE)
B31 Publisher side － O Y
B32 Subscriber side O － Y
Transmission Of Sampled Value Model (SVC)
B41 Publisher side － O N
B42 Subscriber side O － N
Where:
C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared
O: Optional
M: Mandatory
Y: Supported by PCS-900 series relays
N: Currently not supported by PCS-900 series relays
9.5.5.2 ACSI models conformance statement
Services Client Server PCS-900 Series

M1 Logical device C2 C2 Y
M2 Logical node C3 C3 Y
M3 Data C4 C4 Y
M4 Data set C5 C5 Y
M5 Substitution O O Y
M6 Setting group control O O Y
Reporting
M7 Buffered report control O O Y
M7-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M7-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M7-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M7-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M7-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M7-6 buffer-overflow Y Y N
M7-7 entryID Y Y Y
M7-8 BufTm N N N
M7-9 IntgPd Y Y Y
M7-10 GI Y Y Y
M8 Unbuffered report control M M Y

M8-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M8-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M8-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M8-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M8-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M8-6 BufTm N N N
M8-7 IntgPd N Y Y
Logging
M9 Log control O O N
M9-1 IntgPd N N N
M10 Log O O N
GSE
M12 GOOSE O O Y
M13 GSSE O O N
M14 Multicast SVC O O N
M15 Unicast SVC O O N
M16 Time M M Y
M17 File transfer O O Y
Where:
C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared
C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared
C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared
C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared
M: Mandatory
Y: Supported by PCS-900 series relays
N: Currently not supported by PCS-900 series relays
9.5.5.3 ACSI Services conformance statement
Service Server/Publisher PCS-900 Series

Server
S1 ServerDirectory M Y
Application association
S2 Associate M Y
S3 Abort M Y
S4 Release M Y
Logical device
S5 LogicalDeviceDirectory M Y
Logical node

S6 LogicalNodeDirectory M Y
S7 GetAllDataValues M Y
Data
S8 GetDataValues M Y
S9 SetDataValues M Y
S10 GetDataDirectory M Y
S11 GetDataDefinition M Y
Data set
S12 GetDataSetValues M Y
S13 SetDataSetValues O Y
S14 CreateDataSet O N
S15 DeleteDataSet O N
S16 GetDataSetDirectory M Y
Substitution
S17 SetDataValues M Y
Setting group control
S18 SelectActiveSG M/O Y
S19 SelectEditSG M/O Y
S20 SetSGValuess M/O Y
S21 ConfirmEditSGValues M/O Y
S22 GetSGValues M/O Y
S23 GetSGCBValues M/O Y
Reporting
Buffered report control block
S24 Report M Y
S24-1 data-change M Y
S24-2 qchg-change M N
S24-3 data-update M N
S25 GetBRCBValues M Y
S26 SetBRCBValues M Y
Unbuffered report control block
S27 Report M Y
S27-1 data-change M Y
S27-2 qchg-change M N
S27-3 data-update M N
S28 GetURCBValues M Y
S29 SetURCBValues M Y
Logging
Log control block
S30 GetLCBValues O N
S31 SetLCBValues O N
Log

S32 QueryLogByTime O N
S33 QueryLogAfter O N
S34 GetLogStatusValues O N
Generic substation event model (GSE)
GOOSE control block
S35 SendGOOSEMessage M Y
S36 GetGoReference O Y
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber O N
S38 GetGoCBValues M Y
S39 SetGoCBValuess M N
Control
S51 Select O N
S52 SelectWithValue M Y
S53 Cancel M Y
S54 Operate M Y
S55 Command-Termination O Y
S56 TimeActivated-Operate O N
File transfer
S57 GetFile M/O Y
S58 SetFile O N
S59 DeleteFile O N
S60 GetFileAttributeValues M/O Y
Time
SNTP M Y
9.5.6 Logical Nodes

9.5.6.1 Logical Nodes Table
The PCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table.
Note that the actual instantiation of each logical node is determined by the product order code.
Nodes PCS-900 Series

L: System Logical Nodes
LPHD: Physical device information YES
LLN0: Logical node zero YES
P: Logical Nodes For Protection Functions
PDIF: Differential YES
PDIR: Direction comparison －
PDIS: Distance YES
PDOP: Directional overpower －
PDUP: Directional underpower －
PFRC: Rate of change of frequency －
PHAR: Harmonic restraint －

PHIZ: Ground detector －

PIOC: Instantaneous overcurrent －
PMRI: Motor restart inhibition －
PMSS: Motor starting time supervision －
POPF: Over power factor －
PPAM: Phase angle measuring －
PSCH: Protection scheme YES
PSDE: Sensitive directional earth fault －
PTEF: Transient earth fault －
PTOC: Time overcurrent YES
PTOF: Overfrequency －
PTOV: Overvoltage YES
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning YES
PTTR: Thermal overload －
PTUC: Undercurrent －
PTUV: Undervoltage YES
PUPF: Underpower factor －
PTUF: Underfrequency －
PVOC: Voltage controlled time overcurrent －
PVPH: Volts per Hz －
PZSU: Zero speed or underspeed －
R: Logical Nodes For Protection Related Functions
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function YES
RADR: Disturbance recorder channel analogue －
RBDR: Disturbance recorder channel binary －
RDRS: Disturbance record handling －
RBRF: Breaker failure YES
RDIR: Directional element －
RFLO: Fault locator YES
RPSB: Power swing detection/blocking YES
RREC: Autoreclosing YES
RSYN: Synchronism-check or synchronizing YES
C: Logical Nodes For Control
CALH: Alarm handling －
CCGR: Cooling group control －
CILO: Interlocking －
CPOW: Point-on-wave switching －
CSWI: Switch controller －
G: Logical Nodes For Generic References
GAPC: Generic automatic process control YES
GGIO: Generic process I/O YES
GSAL: Generic security application －

I: Logical Nodes For Interfacing And Archiving

IARC: Archiving －
IHMI: Human machine interface －
ITCI: Telecontrol interface －
ITMI: Telemonitoring interface －
A: Logical Nodes For Automatic Control
ANCR: Neutral current regulator －
ARCO: Reactive power control －
ATCC: Automatic tap changer controller －
AVCO: Voltage control －
M: Logical Nodes For Metering And Measurement
MDIF: Differential measurements YES
MHAI: Harmonics or interharmonics －
MHAN: Non phase related harmonics or interharmonic －
MMTR: Metering －
MMXN: Non phase related measurement －
MMXU: Measurement YES
MSQI: Sequence and imbalance －
MSTA: Metering statistics －
S: Logical Nodes For Sensors And Monitoring
SARC: Monitoring and diagnostics for arcs －
SIMG: Insulation medium supervision (gas) －
SIML: Insulation medium supervision (liquid) －
SPDC: Monitoring and diagnostics for partial discharges －
X: Logical Nodes For Switchgear
TCTR: Current transformer YES
TVTR: Voltage transformer YES
Y: Logical Nodes For Power Transformers
YEFN: Earth fault neutralizer (Peterson coil) －
YLTC: Tap changer －
YPSH: Power shunt －
YPTR: Power transformer －
Z: Logical Nodes For Further Power System Equipment
ZAXN: Auxiliary network －
ZBAT: Battery －
ZBSH: Bushing －
ZCAB: Power cable －
ZCAP: Capacitor bank －
ZCON: Converter －
ZGEN: Generator －
ZGIL: Gas insulated line －
ZLIN: Power overhead line －

ZMOT: Motor －
ZREA: Reactor －
ZRRC: Rotating reactive component －
ZSAR: Surge arrestor －
ZTCF: Thyristor controlled frequency converter －
ZTRC: Thyristor controlled reactive component －
9.6 GOOSE Service
9.6.1 GOOSE Introduction

The General Object oriented substation event (GOOSE) defined in IEC61850 standard is based
on the fast Ethernet multi-broadcasting message transmission, taking place of the hard-wired
communication mode between classic intelligent electronic device (IED) and providing a fast,
efficient and reliable method for communication among logic nodes.
The GOOSE service supports the exchange of public data comprised of data sets, it is used to
protect the data transmission which requires high real-time like tripping, breaker position and
interlocked information. The information exchange of GOOSE service is based on the
publish/subscribe mechanism, and any IED device in the same GOOSE network can be
conducted as subscription terminal to receive data and as publication terminal to provide
data to other IED device as well, so that the increasing or modification of communication data
between IED devices can be realized in a much easier way.
9.6.2 GOOSE Function

The PCS-931 series devices use independent high efficient DSP board to realize GOOSE, so it
has super-high real-time property and reliability. Two 100M FDX optical fiber Ethernet interfaces
on the DSP board can be corresponded to different VLAN networks. The GOOSE dual-networks
configuration improves the reliability and stability of system.
1. GOOSE receiving/sending mechanism
In order to ensure the real-time property and reliability of GOOSE service, GOOSE message
adopts ASN.1 code which relates to basic encoding rule (BER) and transmit data directly in
Ethernet link layer without passing through TCP/IP protocol and also adopts special
receiving/sending mechanism.
Sending of the GOOSE message adopts heartbeat message and position-altering message fast
resending combination mechanism. If the data in GOOSE data sets is not changed, the heartbeat
message whose interval is T0 will be sent, the status number (stnum) in message will not be
changed and the sequence number (sqnum) will be increased progressively. If the data in GOOSE
data set is changed, after sending a frame of position-altering message, the position-altering
message will be fast resent in the interval of T0, T1, T2, and T3. The status number (stnum) in the
message whose data is position-altered will be increased, and the sequence number (sqnum) will
be started from zero.

The GOOSE receiving can detect link interrupt according to the TATL (Time Allow to Live) in the
GOOSE message. The GOOSE data receiving mechanism can be divided into single frame
receiving and dual-frames receiving. The intelligent operation box uses dual-frames receiving
mechanism and update data after receiving two frames of messages with the same GOOSE data.
Other protection and monitoring devices use single frame receiving mechanism and update data
immediately after receiving position-altering message (stnum changed). If the status number
(stnum) in the received message is not changed, dual-frames message confirmation will be used
to update data.
2. GOOSE Alarm
GOOSE will alarm the abnormal conditions produced during receiving/sending process, the
GOOSE alarms mainly include: GOOSE network A/B network link breaking alarm, GOOSE
configuration inconformity alarm and GOOSE network A/B network-storm alarm.
The GOOSE network A/B link breaking alarm is: this alarm will be produced when correct GOOSE
message is not received in 2 times of the TATL (Time Allow to Live).
The GOOSE configuration inconformity alarm is: the attribute of GOOSE control block of GOOSE
publisher and subscriber like configuration version number must be identical. Otherwise this
GOOSE configuration inconformity alarm will be produced.
The GOOSE network A/B network-storm alarm is: when network-storm is produced in GOOSE
network, if data flow of network port is beyond normal range and abnormal message is produced,
this GOOSE network A/B network-storm alarm will be produced.
3. GOOSE Service
When service status of the device is set to 1, the GOOSE message sent by the device has a Test
Flag and receiving terminal can obtain service status of sending terminal by the test flag of
message. When the service status of sending terminal conforms to that of receiving terminal, the
device will carry out normal processing to the received GOOSE data. When the service status of
sending terminal doesn’t conform to that of receiving terminal, the device will process the received
GOOSE data accordingly to ensure that the serviced device will not influence the normal running
of device, improving the flexibility and reliability of GOOSE service.

Chapter 10 Installation And Commissioning
10.1 Introduction
The chapter contains instructions on how to install and commission the protective device. It can
also be used as a reference if a periodic test is performed. The chapter covers procedures for
mechanical and electrical installation, energizing and checking of external circuitry, setting and
configuration as well as verifying settings and performing a directionality test.
The chapter contains the following information:
1) The “Safety information” presents warning and note signs, which the user should draw
attention to.
2) The “Overview” gives an overview over the major task when installing and commissioning the
protection equipment.
3) The “Unpacking and checking the protective device” contains instructions on how to
receive the protection equipment.
4) The “Installing the protective device” contains instructions on how to install the protection
equipment.
5) The “Checking the external circuitry” contains instructions on how to check that the
protection equipment is properly connected to the protection system.
6) The “Energizing the protective device” contains instructions on how to start-up the
protection equipment.
7) The “Setting the protective device” contains instructions on how to download settings and
configuration to the protection equipment.
8) The “Establishing connection and verifying communication” contains instructions on how

to verify the communication.
9) The “Verifying settings by secondary injection” contains instructions on how to verify that
each included function operates correctly according to the set value.
10) The “Final Check” contains the final check you should do before leaving the protection.
The chapter is addressing the installation, commissioning and maintenance personnel responsible
for taking the protection into normal service and out of service. The installation personnel must
have a basic knowledge in handling electronic equipment. The commissioning and maintenance
personnel must be well experienced in using protection equipment, test equipment, protection
functions and the configured functional logics in the protection.
10.2 Safety Information

This section contains safety information. Warning signs are presented which attend the user to be
careful during certain operations in order to avoid human injuries or damage to equipment.

Warning signs
Warning!
Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations. Working in a high voltage
environment requires serious approach to avoid human injuries and damage to
equipment.
Do not touch circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are
present.
Always avoid touching the circuitry when the cover is removed. The product contains
electronic circuitries which can be damaged if exposed to static electricity (ESD). The
electronic circuitries also contain high voltage which is lethal to humans.
Always use suitable isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present.
Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a protection equipment

during normal operation. Hazardous voltages and currents are present that may be lethal.
Operation may be disrupted and protection equipment and measuring circuitry may be
damaged.
Always connect the protection equipment to protective ground, regardless of the

operating conditions. This also applies to special occasions such as bench testing,
demonstrations and off-site configuration. Operating the protection equipment without
proper grounding may damage both terminal and measuring circuitry, and may cause
injuries in case of an accident.
Never disconnect a secondary connection of current transformer circuit without

short-circuiting the transformer’s secondary winding. Operating a current transformer
with the secondary winding open will cause a massive potential build-up that may
damage the transformer and may cause injuries to humans.
Never unmount the front or back cover from a powered equipment or from a protection
equipment connected to powered circuitry. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are
present.
Caution signs
Caution!
Always transport modules using certified conductive bags. Always handle modules using
a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground and on a suitable antistatic
surface. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may cause damage to the module.
Do not connect live wires to the protection equipment. Internal circuitry may be damaged.
Always use a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground when replacing

modules. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may damage the module and protection
equipment circuitry.
Take care to avoid electrical shock if accessing wiring and connection protection
equipment when installing and commissioning.
Note signs
Note!
Changing the active setting group will inevitably change the protection equipment’s
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the change.
The protection assembly is designed for a maximum continuous current of four times
rated value.
Activating the other setting group without proper configuration may seriously affect the
protection equipment’s operation.
10.3 Overview
The settings for each function must be calculated before the commissioning task can start. A
configuration, made in the configuration and programming tool, must also be available if the
protection equipment does not have a factory configuration downloaded.
The protection equipment is unpacked and visually checked. It is preferably mounted in a cubicle.
The connection to the protection system has to be checked in order to verify that the installation
was successful.
The installation and commissioning task starts with configuring the digital communication modules,
if included. The protection equipment can then be configured and set, which means that settings
and a configuration has to be applied if the protection equipment does not have a factory
configuration downloaded. Then the operation of each included function according to applied
settings has to be verified by secondary injection. A complete check of the configuration can then
be made. A conformity test of the secondary system has also to be done. When the primary
system has been energized a directionality check should be made.
10.4 Unpacking And Checking The Protection Equipment

Procedure
1) Remove the transport casing.
2) Visually inspect the protection equipment.
Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts
inside to see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.
The rating information should be given for the protection equipment.
The rating information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is

correct for the particular installation.
Panel wiring:
Check the conducting wire used in the panel to assure that their cross section meet the
requirement. Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.
Label:
Check all the isolator links, terminal blocks, ferrules, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.
Equipment plug-in modules:
Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.
Earthing cable:
Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.
Switch, keypad, isolator links and push button:
Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator links and push buttons work normally
and smoothly.
3) Check that all items are included in accordance with the delivery documents.
The user is requested to check that all software functions are included according to the delivery
documents after the terminal has been energized.
4) Check for transport damages.
These product checks cover all aspects of the protection, which should be checked to ensure that
the protection not only has not been physically damaged prior to commissioning but also functions
correctly and all input quantity measurements are within the stated tolerances.
10.5 Installing The Protective Device

10.5.1 Overview
The mechanical and electrical environmental conditions at the installation site must be within
permissible range according to the technical data of the protection equipment. Dusty, damp places,
places liable to rapid temperature variations, powerful vibrations and shocks, surge voltages of
high amplitude and fast rise time, strong induced magnetic fields or similar extreme conditions
should be avoided. Please refer to Chapter 1 for details.
Sufficient space must be available in front of and at rear of the protection panel to allow access for
maintenance and future modifications. Flush mounted protection equipment should be mounted
so that equipment modules can be added and replaced without excessive demounting.

10.5.2 Dimensions
The equipment adopts IEC standard chassis and is rack with modular structure. It uses an integral
faceplate and plug terminal block on backboard for external connections. PCS-902 series is IEC
4U high and 19” wide. Figure 10.5-1 shows its dimensions and Figure 10.5-2 shows the panel
cut-out.
101.6
177.0
Figure 10.5-1 Dimensions of PCS-902
465.0
101.6
179.0
4-Ф6.8
450.0
Figure 10.5-2 panel cut-out of PCS-902
10.5.3 Grounding Guidelines

Switching operations in HV installations generate transient over voltages on control signal cables.
There is also a background of electromagnetic RF fields in electrical installations that can induce
spurious currents in the devices themselves or the leads connected to them.
All these influences can influence the operation of electronic apparatus. On the other hand,
electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of other apparatus.
In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed
with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.

Note!
All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.
10.5.4 Cubicle Grounding

The cubicle must be designed and fitted out such that the impedance for RF interference of the
ground path from the electronic device to the cubicle ground terminal is as low as possible.
Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.
Note!
If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts of it
forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission of
interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced
interference.
Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (refer to Figure 10.5-3).
The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.
Note!
For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials according
to the electrochemical code.
The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding strip
(braided copper).
Figure 10.5-3 Cubicle grounding system

10.5.5 Ground Connection on the Device

There is a ground terminal on the rear panel (refer to Figure 10.5-4), and the ground braided
copper strip can be connected with it. Take care that the grounding strip is always as short as
possible. The main thing is that the device is only grounded at one point. Grounding loops from
unit to unit are not allowed.
There are some ground terminals on some connectors of the relays, and the sign is “GND”. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (refer to Figure 10.5-4) is the only ground terminal of this device.
Figure 10.5-4 Ground terminal
10.5.6 Grounding Strips and their Installation

High frequency currents are produced by interference in the ground connections and because of
skin effect at these frequencies, only the surface region of the grounding strips is of consequence.
The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round copper
conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.
Data of braided copper strip: threaded M4, 4.0mm2. Proper terminations must be fitted to both
ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting them firmly to the items to be connected.
The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.
The following figure shows the ground strip and termination.
Figure 10.5-5 Ground strip and termination
10.5.7 Making the electrical connections

Always make sure established guidelines for this type of terminal is followed during installation.
When necessary use screened twisted-pair cables to minimize susceptibility. Otherwise, use any
kind of regular nonscreened tinned RK cable or equivalent.

When using screened cabling always use 360° full screen cable bushing to ensure screen
coupling. Ensure that all signals of the single circuit are in the same single cable. Avoid mixing
current and voltage measuring signals in the same cable. Also use separate cables for control and
measuring circuits.
1) Connecting the VT/CT circuits:
Heavy-duty terminal block, M4 threaded terminal ends. VT circuit must be connected with the
protective device through an MCB.
2) Connecting the auxiliary power:
Auxiliary power cords cross can be directly screwed fixed on the rear panel of DC board. Refer to
section 6.3.10.
3) Input/output signal connectors:
Welding terminals. Those devices are supplied with sufficient M4 screws for making connections
to the rear mounted terminal blocks using ring terminals, with a recommended maximum of two
ring terminals per relay terminal.
To meet the insulation requirements of the terminal block, for the sake of safety, an insulating
sleeve should be fitted over the ring terminal after crimping.
The wire used for all connections to the welding terminal blocks and heavy duty terminal blocks,
except the EIA RS-485 port, should have a minimum voltage rating of 300Vrms.
It is recommended that the auxiliary power circuit wiring should be protected by using a 16A high
rupture capacity (HRC) fuse of type NIT or TIA. For safety reasons, current transformer circuits
must never be open.
4) Connecting to protective ground:
Connect the unit to the grounding bar of the cubicle with green/yellow conductor; connected to the
protective Earthing terminal at the back of the DC board. Refer to section 6.3.10. Attend that the
earth wire must be as short as possible. All cautions have to be taken to ensure the best electrical
conductivity, particularly the contact quality, stainless conductor. The impedance between the relay
Earthing terminal and the Earth must be less than 20mΩ under 12Volt, 50Hz. What matters is that
the device has to be only grounded at one point. Loop grounding from unit to unit is not allowed.
5) Installing the optic fibres
Connectors are generally color coded; connect blue or dark grey cable connectors to blue or dark
grey (receive) back-side connectors. Connect black or grey cable connectors to black or grey
(transmit) back-side connectors.
Fiber optical cables are sensitive to handling. Do not bend too sharply. The minimum curvature
radius is 15 cm for plastic fibers and 25 cm for glass fibers. If cable straps are used, apply with
loose fit.
Note!

Always hold the connector, never the cable, when connecting or disconnecting optical
fibres. Do not twist, pull or bend the fibre. Invisible damage may increase fibre damping
thus making communication impossible.
6) Installing the RS-485 serial port communication cables:
When using galvanic connection between protective relay and communication equipment or
point-to-point galvanic connection between two protective relays it is essential that the cable
installation is carefully done. This is true regardless of type of module used, only the possible
length of the cable differs. The factors that must be taken into account is the susceptibility for noise
disturbance, due to that the levels of the communication signal are very low. For a best result, a
cable with twisted pairs with screen should be used.
RS485 serial communication interface, a termination 120-ohm resistor has to be connected at

each extremity of the bus. Refer to Chapter 9.
10.6 Check The External Circuitry

The user must check the installation, which includes verifying that the relay is connected to the
other parts of the protection system. This is done with the relay and all connected circuits
de-energized.
1) Checking the VT/CT circuits
Check that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied wiring diagram.
Test the circuitry. The following tests are recommended:
Polarity check
CT circuit current measurement (primary injection test)
Grounding check
The polarity check verifies the integrity of the circuits and the phase relationship. The check should
be performed as close as possible to the relay. The primary injection test verifies the CT ration and
the wiring all the way through from the primary system to the relay. Injection must be performed for
each phase-to-neutral circuit and each phase-to-phase pair. In each case currents in all phases
and the neutral line are measured.
2) Checking the power supply
Check that the value of the auxiliary supply voltage remains with the permissible range under all
operating conditions. Check that the polarity is correct according to the instruction manual on the
rear plate of DC board.
3) Checking binary input circuits
Preferably, disconnect the binary input connector form the binary input cards. Check all connected
signals so that both input level and polarity are in accordance with the relay’s specifications.

Note!
The binary inputs may be energized from an external dc auxiliary supply (e.g. the station
battery) in some installations. Check that this is not the case before connecting the field
voltage otherwise damage to the protection may result. The status of each binary input can
be viewed using either tool software installed in a portable PC or by checking the front
man-machine interface LCD. When each binary input is energized the display will change
to indicate the new state of the inputs.
4) Checking binary output circuits
Preferably, disconnect the binary output connector form the binary output cards. Check all
connected signals so that both load and polarity are in accordance with the relay’s specifications.
10.7 Energizing The Protective Device

Before the procedures in this section can be carried out the connection to external circuitry must
have been checked which ensures that the installation was made correctly.
The user must energize the power supply to the relay to start it up. This could be done in a
numerous of ways, from energizing a whole cubicle to energizing a single relay. The user should
reconfigure the relay settings. The relay time must be set. The self-supervision function should
also be checked to verify that the relay unit operates properly. The user could also check the
software version, the relay’s serial number, the installed modules, and their ordering number to
ensure that the relay is according to delivery and ordering specifications.
1) Checking front panel LCD display
The liquid crystal display (LCD) is designed to operate in a wide range of substation ambient
temperatures. For this purpose, this relay has an automatic “LCD contrast” adjusting feature,
which is capable to adjust LCD contrast automatically according to the ambient temperature.
Connect the relay to DC power supply correctly and turn the relay on. Check program version and
forming time displayed in command menu to ensure that are corresponding to what ordered.
2) Setting the date and time of the protective device
If the time and date is not being maintained by substation automation system, the date and time
should be set manually.
Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using menu item “CLOCK”.
In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, with a battery fitted on CPU board, the time and date will
be maintained. Therefore when the auxiliary supply is restored the time and date will be correct
and not need to set again.
To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30s. After being
re-energized, the time and date should be correct.
3) Checking light emitting diodes (LEDs)

On power up, the green LED “HEALTHY” should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that
the protective device is healthy.
The relay has latched signal relays which remember the state of the trip, auto-reclosing when the
relay was last energized from an auxiliary supply. Therefore these indicators may also illuminate
when the auxiliary supply is applied. If any of these LEDs are on then they should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LED successfully reset, the LED goes out. There is no testing
required for that that LED because it is known to be operational.
It is likely that alarms related to voltage transformer supervision will not reset at this stage.
10.8 Setting The Protective Device

The customer specific values for each setting parameter have to be available. Each function
included in the relay has several setting parameters which has to be set in order to make the relay
behave as intended. A default value is provided for each parameter from factory.
All settings can be:
Download from a PC or laptop with tool software or remotely by SCADA. Front port
communication has to be established before the settings can be downloaded.
Entered manually through the local HMI
To change settings through the local HMI need a password which is “+”, “◄”, “▲” and “-” keyboard
on the front panel.
Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for determining the
application-specific settings to be applied to the protection and for testing of any scheme logic
applied by external wiring and/or configuration of the protection’s internal programmable scheme
logic.
10.9 Establishing Connection And Verifying Communication

This test should only be performed where the protection is to be accessed from a remote location
and will vary depending on the communications standard being adopted.
It is not the intention of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from the relay to the
remote location, just the protection’s rear communications port and any protocol converter
necessary.
10.10 Verifying settings by secondary injection

Required tools for testing of a protective device:
Minimum equipment required:
Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set with interval timer.
Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0-440V and 0-250V
respectively.

Continuity tester (if not included in the multimeter).
Phase angle meter.
Phase rotation meter.
Note!
Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.
Optional equipment:
An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a DC output not exceeding 500 V (for
insulation resistance test when required).
A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be
tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).
EIA RS-485 to EIA RS-232 converter (if EIA RS-485 IEC60870-5-103 port is being tested).
An EPSON® 300K printer.
PCS-9000 serials dedicated protection tester HELP2000.
At the same time, the calculated settings, substation configuration diagram, the protective device
diagram and the instruction manual is essential to test the protective device.
The relay has to be set before the testing can start. Only the functions that are used should be
tested.
The response from a test can be viewed in different ways:
Binary output signals
Service values in the local HMI
A PC with tool software or SCADA or master station
All used setting groups should be tested. The user can release the functions to be tested and
prevent other functions from operation by setting the corresponding parameters. The user could
also energize the binary input [BI_BlkComm] to disable communication function to ensure that no
events are reported to remote station during the test.
The setting checks ensure that all of the application-specific protection settings (i.e. both the
protection’s function and programmable scheme logic settings), for the particular installation, have
been correctly applied to the protection.
10.10.1 Insulation test (if required)

Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for them to be
done and they have not been performed during installation.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the isolation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, The circuits need to be tested should include:

Voltage transformer circuits
Current transformer circuits
DC power supply
Optic-isolated control inputs
Output contacts
Communication ports
The insulation resistance should be greater than 100MΩ at 500V.
Test method:
To unplug all the terminals sockets of this protective device, and do the Insulation resistance test
for each circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection
10.10.2 AC measurement check

1. Current measurement check
This test verifies that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading can then be checked
either in the protection’s submenu “CPU_METERING” column or a portable computer connected
to the front communication port with tool software.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is ± 5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
2. Voltage measurement check
This test verifies that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading either in the protection’s
submenu “CPU_METERING” or a portable computer connected to the front communication port
with tool software.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is ±5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
10.10.3 Print fault report

In order to acquire the details of protection operation, it is convenient to print the fault report of
protection device. The printing work can be easily finished when operator presses the print button
on panel of protection device to energize binary input [BI_Print] or operate control menu. What
should be noticed is that only the latest fault report can be printed if operator presses the print
button. A complete fault report includes the content shown as follows.
1) Trip event report

2) Binary input when protection devices start
3) Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start
4) Fault wave forms compatible with COMTRADE
5) The setting value when the protection device trips
10.10.4 On-load Checks

The objectives of the on-load checks are:
1) Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.
2) Measure the magnitude of on-load current and voltage (if applicable).
3) Check the polarity of each current transformer.
However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
tenderization of the plant being protected.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. Confirm current and voltage
transformer wiring.
10.11 Final Check

After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
Ensure that the protection has been restored to service.
If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.
Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LED’s has been reset before leaving the protection.

Chapter 11 Maintenance
NARI-RELAYS numerical relay PCS-902 is designed to require no special maintenance. All
measurement and signal processing circuit are fully solid state. All input modules are also fully
solid state. The output relays are hermetically sealed.
Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the output
relays, hardware and software defects are automatically detected and reported. The
self-monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a corrective
rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks in short intervals are
not required.
Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected. If a problem
is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides alarm messages.
11.1 Appearance Check

1. The relay case should be clean without any dust stratification. Case cover should be sealed
well. No component has any mechanical damage and distortion, and they should be firmly fixed in
the case. Relay terminals should be in good condition. The keys on the front panel with very good
feeling can be operated flexibly.
2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the primary
system is live when withdrawing an AC module. Never try to insert or withdraw the relay board
when it is unnecessary.
3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.
11.2 Failure Tracing And Repair

Failures will be detected by automatic supervision or regular testing.
When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the “ALM_REPORT” screen on the LCD.
When a failure is detected during regular testing, confirm the following:
Test circuit connections are correct
Modules are securely inserted in position
Correct DC power voltage is applied
Correct AC inputs are applied
Test procedures comply with those stated in the manual

11.3 Replace Failed Modules

If the failure is identified to be in the relay module and the user has spare modules, the user can
recover the protection by replacing the failed modules.
Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.
Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, CPU, SIG, BI, BO,
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, the CPU module replaced
should have the same software version. In addition, the AI and PWR module replaced should have
the same ratings.
The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu “VERSION”.
Caution!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
1) Replacing a module
Switch off the DC power supply
Disconnect the trip outputs
Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs
Unscrew the module.
Warning!
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.
2) Replacing the Human Machine Interface Module (front panel)
Open the relay front panel
Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.
Detach the HMI module from the relay
Attach the replacement module in the reverse procedure.
3) Replacing the AI, PWR, CPU, BI or BO module
Unscrew the module connector
Unplug the connector from the target module.

Unscrew the module.
Pull out the module
Inset the replacement module in the reverser procedure.
After replacing the CPU module, input the application-specific setting values again.
Warning!
Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.
Warning!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
Danger!
After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.
11.4 Replace Button Battery

When the voltage of button Battery on CPU board is below 2.5 volts (nominal voltage is 3 volts),
please replace the button battery to ensure internal clock of CPU board running correctly.
11.5 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning. Use a smooth cloth to clean
the front panel. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.
11.6 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-6 the storage temperature should be from -25oC to 70oC, but the temperature of from -10oC
to 40oC is recommended for long-term storage.


Chapter 12 Decommissioning and Disposal
12.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off
To switch off the PCS-902, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply.
2. Disconnecting Cables
Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the DC module of the
PCS-902, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply is
switched off.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.
3. Dismantling
The PCS-902 rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles may
also be removed.
Danger!
When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.
12.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.
Note!
Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.


Chapter 13 Manual Version History
Chapter 13 Manual Version History

In the latest version of PCS-902D, several descriptions on existing features have been modified.
These are described with reference to the table listed below:
Manual History
Software Version Manual Version Source Documentation

R1.00 R1.00 PCS-902D Line Distance Relay
R1.00 R1.01 R1.00
Modification Recorder
Manual Version Section Page No. Description of change Note

R1.00 Original release
Chapter 1 1~3 Introduction Added
Chapter 2 11 Technical Data Added
Chapter 3 41~46 Protection Description Amended
R1.01 Chapter 7 85~97 Settings Added
Chapter 8 110~111 Human Machine Interface Added
Chapter 9 128~141 Communications Amended
Chapter 13 163 Manual Version History Added

PCS-902D Instruction Manual en General X R1.01 (En XLBH5102.0086.0002)

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PCS-902

Line Distance Relay

Nanjing Nari-Relays Electric Co., Ltd.

Documentation for equipment ordered from NARI-RELAYS is dispatched separately from

Health and Safety

Qualified personnel are individuals who:

z Are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

NANJING NARI-RELAYS ELECTRIC CO., LTD i

Instructions and Warnings

ii NANJING NARI-RELAYS ELECTRIC CO., LTD

The earthing terminal of the equipment must be securely earthed

z Printed circuit board

Carefully handle the connection cable without applying excessive force.

The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically,

NANJING NARI-RELAYS ELECTRIC CO., LTD iii

Health and Safety .............................................................................................................. i

Instructions and Warnings ...............................................................................................ii

Table of Contents .....................................................................................................................iv

1.1 Application ...................................................................................................................1

1.2 Function .......................................................................................................................2

Chapter 2 Technical Data .........................................................................................................5

2.1 Electrical Specifications .............................................................................................5

2.1.1 Analog Input Ratings.........................................................................................5

2.1.2 Power Supply .....................................................................................................5

2.1.3 Binary Input .......................................................................................................6

2.1.4 Binary Output.....................................................................................................6

2.1.5 Power Supply Output for Opto-coupler ...........................................................6

2.2 Mechanical Specifications ..........................................................................................6

2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range ..............................................................7

2.4 Communication Port ...................................................................................................7

2.4.1 Communication Port for RTU/SCADA .............................................................7

2.4.2 Communication Port for Print ..........................................................................8

2.4.3 RS-485 for Clock Synchronization ...................................................................8

2.5 Type Tests ....................................................................................................................8

2.5.1 Environmental Tests ..........................................................................................8

2.5.2 Mechanical Tests ...............................................................................................8

2.5.3 Electrical Tests ..................................................................................................8

2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility .........................................................................9

2.6 Certifications ................................................................................................................9

iv NANJING NARI-RELAYS ELECTRIC CO., LTD

2.7 Protective Functions .................................................................................................10

2.7.1 Optical Interface ..............................................................................................10

2.7.2 Fault Detector ..................................................................................................10

2.7.3 Pilot Protection ................................................................................................10

2.7.4 DPFC Distance Protection .............................................................................. 11

2.7.5 Distance Protection ......................................................................................... 11

2.7.6 Directional Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection ..................................... 11

2.7.7 Inverse-time Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection ................................... 11

2.7.8 Broken conductor protection ......................................................................... 11

2.7.9 Transient Overreach ........................................................................................ 11

2.7.10 Fault Locator ..................................................................................................12

2.7.11 Auto-Reclosing ..............................................................................................12

Chapter 3 Protection Description ..........................................................................................13

3.1 General Description ..................................................................................................13

3.2 General Fault Detector Element (GFD) ....................................................................13

3.2.1 DPFC Overcurrent Element ............................................................................13

3.2.2 Zero-sequence Overcurrent Element.............................................................14

3.2.3 Pole Discrepancy Element ..............................................................................14

3.3 Protective Fault Detector Element (PFD) .................................................................14

3.4 DPFC Distance Protection ........................................................................................15

3.5 Pilot Protection ..........................................................................................................16

3.5.1 General Description ........................................................................................16

3.5.2 Communication Channel ................................................................................18