[ According to Amendment No.

5, it is IS 302 : PART 1 ]

( Reaffirmed 1998 )
 rs:302-1919

Indian Standard
GENERAL AND SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND
SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

( Fijih Revision )
Electrical Appliances Sectional Committee, ETDC 43

Chairman Representing
SHRI B. MAJUMUAR Development Commissioner, Small Scale Industries
( Ministry of Industry ), New Delhi

Members
SHRI A. N. GHOSH ( Alternate to
Shri B. Majumdar )
SHRI M. L. ANAND Consumer Council of India, New Delhi
COL J. C. ANAND Controllerate of Inspection ( Electronics ) ( Ministry
of Defence ), Bangalore
MAJ V. B. DESHMUKH( Alternate. )
SHRI S. K. ANEJA Electrical Appliances Manufacturers’ Association,
Delhi
SHRI Y. P. SURI ( Alternate )
SHRI A. U. ANSARI Directorate of Industries, Delhi Administration,
Delhi
SHRIJ. L. CHHABRA Directorate General of Supplies & Disposais
( Inspection Wing ), New Delhi
SHRI K. L. GARG ( Ak-mate)
CHIEF ENGINEER( ELECTRICAL) -1 Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SURVEYOROF WORKS V ( Alternate )
SHRI S. S. CHITNIS Elpro International Ltd, Pune
SHRI P. S. BHATIA ( Alternate )
SHRI H. M. DESAI The Bombay Electric Supply & Transport Under-
taking, Bombay
SHRI P. A. B. PANIKAR ( Alternate )
DR R. N. DHAR National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi
SHRI B. K. DOSHI Messrs Jashwantlal Kantilal, Bombay
SHRI N. J. DOSHI ( Alternotc )
SHRI P. K. JAIN Directorate of Industries, Government of Haryana,
Chandigarh
SHRI 0. P. BAHL ( Alternate)
(Continued on page 2 )

@ CopVrighr 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Cwvrighr Act (XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to ba an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

c
Is : 302- 1979
( Continuedfrom page 1 )
Members Representing
JOINT DIRECTOR ( ELECTRICAL Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways )
ENOINEERINC )
SHRI V. S. KALBAG Tempo Industrial Corporation, Bombay
SHRI ARVIND BOLAR ( Alternate )
SHRI G. L. KESWANI Directorate General of Technical Development,
New Delhi
SHRI D. D. RAJDEV ( AItcmate )
SMT BHARGAVIMENON Lady Irwin College, New Delhi
SHRI S. K. MUKHERJEE National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI K. K. SHARMA ( Alternate )
.%iRI P. M. NAIR -National Radio & Electronics Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI G. D. VERNEKAR( Alternate )
SHRI E. N. NARAYANASWAMY Department of Industries & Commerce, Government
of Tamil Nadu, Madras
SHRI C. NATARATAN( Alternate I
SHRI JOGINDERSING& PALL ’ Ditz Electricals ( India ) Ltd, Delhi
SHRI HARDIT SINGH ( Alternate )
SHRI H. C. PANDE Directorate of Technical Development & Production
( Air ) ( Ministry of Defence ), New Delhi
SHRI S. R. BHASKARAN( Alternabs )
SHRI D. V. KRISHNARAO Consumer Guidance Society of India ( Regd ),
Bombay
SHRI N. RAJAGOPALAN The Standard Electric Appliances, Tuticorin
SHRI R. IYADURAI( Alternate)
LT-COL B. B. RAJPAL Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters
SHRI SOHAN SINCH (Alternate 1
SHRI D. SUDHAKARREDDY Tamil Nadu Electrical Appliances Manufacturers’
Association, Madras
DR R. RAMARATHNAM(Alternate)
SHRI K. P. SETHI Racold Appliances Pvt Ltd, Pune
SHRI S. K. VINAYAK ( Alternate )
SHRIJAGDISHSHARAN ~Bajaj Electricals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. P. SACHDEV, Director General, BlS (IS-o$icio Member )
Director ( Elec tech)
Secretary
SHRI M. N. MURTHY
Assistant Director ( Elec Tech ),BIS

Panel for General and Safety Requirements for Household and Similar
Electrical Appliances, ETDC 43 : P6

Members
Smr~H. M. DESAI ( Convenar) The Bombay Electric Supply & Transport Under-
taking, Bombay
DR R. N. DHAR National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR,), New Delhi
SHRI RAJ KUMAR KAPOOR Elecgzl;li Appliances Manufacturers Association,

SHRI R. C. GUPTA (Alternate)

SHRI N. KRISHNAMURTHY Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SHRI S. K .MEHTA Bajaj Elcctricals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. P. SETHI Racold Appliances Private Ltd, Pune

2
 IS : 302 - 1919

CONTENTS
PAGE
0. FOREWORD ............ 6
i ............ 7
1. SCOPE
2. TERMINOLOGY ............ 8
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENT .......... 14
4. GENERAL NOTES ON TESTS ......... 15
5. RATING ............ 18
6. CLASSIFICATION ......... 19
7. MARKING . ._. ......... 19
8. PROTECTIONAGAINST ELECTRICSHOCK ...... 25
9. STARTING OF MOTOR-OPERATEDAPPLIANCES ... 29
10. INPUT AND CURRENT ......... 31
II. TEMPERATURE-RISE ......... 32
12. OPERATIONUNDER OVERLOADCONDITIONSOF APPLIANCESWITH
HEATING ELEMENTS ......... 38
13. ELECTRICALINSULATION AND LEAKAGECURRENT AT OPERATING
TEMPERATURE ............ 39
14. RADIO AND TELEVISIONINTERFERENCE
SUPPRESSION ... 45
15. MOISTURE RESISTANCE ......... 45
16. INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTI-I( AFTER
HUMIDITY TREATMENT) ......... 52
17. OVERLOAD PROTECTION ......... 55
18. ENDURANCE ............ 55
19. ABNORMAL OPERATION ......... 57
20. STABILITVAND MECHANICAL HAZARDS ...... 62
21. MECHANICAL STRENGTH ......... 63
22. CONSTRUCTION............ 66
23. INTERNAL WIRING ......... 74
24. COMPONENTS ............ 76
25. SUPPLY CONNECTION AND EXTERNAL FLEXIBLE CABLES AND
CORDS ............ PQ

c
i.._ - ..-_-_~______._

IS :302-1979
PAGE
26. TERMINALS
FOREXTERNALCONDUCTORS ... ... 89
27. PROVISIONFOREARTHING .., ... ... 96
2x. SCREWSAND C~IWECTI~N~ ... ... ... 98
29. CREEPAGE
DISTANCESAND CLEARANCES ... ... 100
30. RESISTANCE
TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKING ... 104
31. RESISTANCE
TO RUSTING ... ... ... 109
32. RADIATIONHAZARDS ... ... ... 109
33. FINISH ... ..* ... . .. 109

APPENDICES

APPENDIXA TABLEOF TYPE TESTS ... ... 110

APPENDIXB SAMPLINGPROCEDURE TESTS . . .
FORACCEPTANCE 111
APPENDIX C ELECTRONICCIRCUITS ... ... 112
APPENDIXD MEASUREMENT
OF TEMPERATURE
WITH THERMOMETER 117
APPENDIX E ALTERNATIVE
TESTSFORPROTECTED
MOTOR UNITS 119
APPENDIXF IMPACTTESTAPPARATUS ... ... 120
APPENDIXG THERMALCONTROLSAND OVERLOADRELEASES . . . 121
APPENDIXH MEASUREMENT OF CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND
CLEARANCES ... ... ... 123
APPENDIX J TESTSFORFIRE-RESISTING
PROPERTIES ... 128
APPENDIXK BNF JET TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS
OF COPPERAND NICKELPLATING. . . ... 131
APPENDIXL APPROXIMATE MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF
CHROMIUMON NICKEL, STEELAND COPPER ... 136

TABLES

TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE-RISE ... ... ... 35

TABLE 2 CREEPAGE
DISTANCESAND CLEARANCES ... 102
TABLE 3 SAMPLESIZE AND CRITERION
FORCONFORMITY ... 111

4
 IS : 302 - 1979

FIGURES
FAGE

FIG. 1 STANDARDTEST FINGER . . . ... 14

FIG. 2 TEST PIN ... ... . ... 27

FIG.. 3 TESTPRORE ... .. . . 28

FIG. 4 DIAGRAM IW LEAKAC;~ CI:KRI Y I’ ?GI .\WRI ?!I.N~ AT
OPERAUN(; TEMPERATURE
FORSINGLL-I’~I,IY CCNWTION 01
CLASSII APPLIANCES ... ... ...

FIG. 5 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE CURRENT %%iAsunt31rNT AT

OPERATINGTEMPERATUREFORSINGI_T-P!~AST CO~YCCTION 01:
APPLIANCES OTHER THAN THOSE OF CIASS I [ ... 41
FIG. 6 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE MEASCIRI:.~~ENT AT OPKRATING
TEMPERATURE FOR THREIZ-PHASE
COKNKTIOY 0:. CUSS 11
APPLIANCES ... . .. ... 42
FIG. 7 DIAGRAM FOR LEAKAGE CURRI~NT MI..~WRIw.\; I‘ A I‘
OPIIRATING TEMPERATURE 1-0~ TIIKH.-?I!AW C~)YNIK‘I’ION
OF APPLIANCTS OTHER THAN THOSE 01: CIASS It ... 42
I-IG. 8 DIAGRAM FOR ELECTRIC STRENGTH Trsr AT OPLXATING
TEMPERATURE ... .. ..a 44
FIG. 9 VERTICAL RAIN APPARATUS . .. . .. 47
FIG. 10 SPRAY APPARATUS ... ... ... 48
FIG. 11 SPLASH APPARATUS . .. ... . .. 49
FIG. 12 I~~PACTTEST APPARATUS . . . . . .. . 63
I:lG. 13 DLYIC~ NORTBTING SHOULDIZRS
IN CwwuI1 E:d~RII.S. . . 66
FIG. 14 BALL PRESSURE
APPARATUS ... ... 105
FIG. 15 HOT MANDRELAPPARATUS ... ... 106
FIG. 16 ARRANGEMENTAND DIMENSIONSok ‘riot: I~LCT’RODES
FOR
THETRACKINGTEST ... . .. ... 108
FIG. 17 APPARATUSFORIMPACTTEST ... ... 121
FIG. I8 APPARATUSFORIGNITIONTEST ... ... 129
FIG. 19 APPARATUSFORBNF JETTEST . . . .. 133
FIG. 20 TIME REQUIRED TO PENETRATE 0.002 5 IW AT Dit:kERENT
TEMPERATURE ... ... ... 134
FIG. 21 TIME REQUIRED TO DISSOLVE 0.000 3 mm CHROMIUM AT
DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE. . . . .. .*. 137

5
IS :302-1979

Indian Standard
GENERAL AND SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND
SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

( Fifth Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1This Indian Standard ( Fifth Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 9 November 1979, after the draft finalized by the
Electrical Appliances Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Electrotechnical Division Council.
0.2 The need and importance of a standard prescribing the general and s:ifct)
requirements and constructional details of appliances with a view to cnsurc
safe and reliable operation need not be overemphasized. This standard is
concerned with electrical and mechanical construction in so far as they a$ect.
safety, durability and reliability in service of the appliances, primarily used
for household purposes. A standard of this kind, without reference to any
particular appliance, may not cover in detail all the requirements with which
an individual appliance should comply. Consequently, compliance with
this standard is not in itself a complete guarantee either of safety or
performance of an appliance.
0.3 This standard applies to all household and similar electrical appliances
cxccpt as otherwise stated in the individual specification for a particular
appliance in which additional or modified requirements may be specified.
NOTE-Hereinafter wherever the term ‘appliance’ is used it may be treated as
‘household and similar electrical appliance’.

0.4 If there are any deviations between the requirements of this standard
and those specified in the individual appliance standard, the provisions of the
latter shall apply.
0.5 Where no specification exists for an individual appliance, the relevant
provisions of this standard as applicable to the particular appliance, shall
apply in addition to any special requirements as agreed between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
0.6 This standard was originally published in 1951 and revised in 1960, 1963,
1967 and 1973. This fifth revision has been done with aview to:
a) Aligning with the latest international practice, and

6
 IS : 302- l!m

b) Incorporating the experience gained in implementation of the

earlier version.
0.7 Appendix C gives general guidance regarding the requirements and tests
for appliances incorporating electronic devices/circuits.
0.8 While preparing this standard, assistance has been derived from IEC
Publication 335-l ( 1976) Safety of household and similar electrical appli-
ances : Part I General requirements, issued by International Electrotechnical
Commission.
0.9 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing
the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960*.
The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be
the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard applies to electric cooking and heating appliances and
electric motor-operated or magnetically-driven appliances for househcld
and similar purposes.
NOTE 1 - Appliances not intended for normal household use, but which neverthe-
less may be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used
by laymen in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this stand-
ard. Examples of such appliances are appliances for hairdressers, soldering irons,
glue pots, sterilizers, infrared radiation appliances, feed boilera, water pumps and lawn
mowers.
NOTE 2 - Except in so far as this standard deals with electric toys, it does not take
into account the special hazards which exist in nurseries and other places where there
are young children or aged or infirm persons without supervision; in such cases
additional requirements may be necessary.

1.2 This standard does not apply to:

appliances designed exclusively for industrial purposes;
appliances intended to be used in locations where special
conditions prevail, such as the presence of a corrosive or explosive
atmosphere ( dust, vapour or gas);
separate motors;
appliances for high frequency heating except microwave ovens;
fans;
radio and television receiving appliances;
appliances for medical purposes; and
portable tools.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( rcvisd ).

7
IS : 302-1979
1.3Gramophones and similar motor-operated appliances intended to be
used in, or in combination with electronic equipment are tested together with
such equipment, in accordance with IS : 616-1957”. For appliances
intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional
requirements may be necessary.
1.4 This standard is concerned with safety and takes into account the
influence on safety of components necessary to achieve a required degree of
radio and television interference suppression.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.
Where the terms voltage and current are used, they imply the rms values,
unless otherwise specified.
2.1 Rated Voltage - The voltage ( for three-phase supply, the voltage
between phases ) assigned to the appliance by the manufacturer.
2.2 Rated Voltage Range - The voltage range assigned to the appliance
by the manufacturer, expressed by its lower and upper limits.
2.3 Working Voltage-The maximum voltage to which the part under
consideration can be subjected when the appliance is operating at its rated
voltage and under normal conditions of use.
NOTE 1 - Normal conditions of use include changes of voltage within the appliance
imposed by likely occurrences such as the operation of a circuit-breaker or the failure
of a lamp.
NOTE2 - \Vhen deducing the working voltage, the effect of possible transient
voltages on the supply mains is ignored.

2.4 Rated Input -- The input under conditions of adequate heat discharge or
under normal load and at normal operating temperature, assigned to the
appliance by the manufacturer.
2.5 Rated Current - The current assigned to the appliance by the manufac-
turer.
2.6 Rated Frequency - The frequency assigned to the appliance by the
manufacturer.
2.7 Rated Frequency Range - The frequency range assigned to the
appliance by the manufacturer, expressed by its lower and upper limits.
2.8 Rated Capacity for Appliances with a Liquid Container - A quantity of
liquid for which the appliance is designed.
2.9 Detachable Flexible Cable or Cord - A flexible cable or cord, for supply
or other purposes, intended to be connected to the appliance by means of a
suitable appliance coupler.
*Code of safety requirements for mains operated radio receivers.

8
 IS : 302 - 1979

2.10 Power Supply Cord - A flexible cable or cord, for supply purposes,
fixed to, or assembled with, the appliance according to one of the following
methods:
a> Type X attachment which denotes a method of attachment such that
the flexible cable or cord can easily be replaced, without the aid of
special purpose tools, by a flexible cable or cord not requiring any
special preparation.
b) Type M attachment which denotes a method of attachment such
that the flexible cable or cord can easily be replaced, without the
aid of special purpose tools, by a special cable or cord with, for
example, a moulded-on cord guard or crimped terminations.
4 Type Y attachment which denotes a method of attachment such
that the flexible cable or cord can only be replaced with the aid of
special purpose tools normally available only to the manufacturer
or his agents.
NOTE -Type Y attachments may be used either with common flexible cables or
cords or with special cables or cords.
d) Type Z attachment which denotes a method of attachment such
that the flexible cable or cord cannot be replaced without breaking
or destroying a part of the appliance.
2.11 Supply Leads - A set of wires connected to the appliance in the factory,
intended for the connection to fixed wiring and accommodated in a special
junction box or compartment within, or attached to, the appliance.
2.12 Basic Insulation - An insulation applied to live parts to provide basic
protection against electric shock.
NOTE 1 - Basic insulation does not necessarily include insulation used exclusively
for functional purposes.

NOTE 2 - The insulating properties of lacquer, enamel, ordinary paper, cotton,

oxide film on metal parts, beads and sealing compound shall not be relied upon to give
the required protection against accidental contact with live parts.

2.13 Supplementary Insulation - An independent insulation applied in

addition to the basic insulation, in order to ensure protection against electric
shock in the event of a failure of the basic insulation.
2.14 Double Insulation - An insulation comprising both basic insulation
and supplementary insulation.
2.15 Reinforced Insulation - A single insulation system applied to live parts,
which provides a degree of protection against electric shock equivalent to
double insulation under the conditions specified in this standard.
NOTE- The term ‘insulation system’ does not imply that the insulation must be one
homogeneous piece. It may comprise several layers which cannot be tested singly as
supplementary or basic insulation.

9
IS : 302 - 1973

2,i16 Clncs P Appliance - An appliance in which protection ;igainst clcctric

shock dots not rely on basic insulation only, but which ir,cludes an additional
safety prccautinn in that accessible conductive parts arc connected to the
protectivS; czthing conductor in the fixed wiring of the installation in such a
way that ncccssible conductive parts cannot become live in the event of a
failure of the basic insulation.
NOTE 1 -- (Iass I appliances may have parts with tlouhle insulation or reinforced
insulation, or parts opwating at safety extra-low voltage.

NATE 2 -~- For appliances intended for use with a flexihlr cord or cable, thii provision
includes a protective conductor as part of the flexible cord or cable.

2.17 Class II Appliance - An appliance in which protection against electric

shock does not rely on basic insulation only, but in which addition:11 safety
precnutinns. such as double insulation or reinforced insulation, arc provided,
there being no provision for protective earthing or reliance upon installation
conditions.

Such a11 appliance may he of one of the following types:

An q7nliancc having a durable and subst;u~tially continuous encln-
Vi:‘.: c,i‘ ii;su!:ltillp illatCrinl which cnvclops all I;lctal part:, with tllc
Ct(I’:j7liOll of small parts, such as name plates, screws and iivetc,
I? hiih arc kolatcd from live parts by insulation at least cquiv;.tlcnt
to ;Gllr~~rccct insulation; such an appliance is called an insulation-
cnczrcd Class I[ appliance.
.4n nppliancc having a substantially continuous metal cnclosurc. in
which douhlc insulation is used throughout. cxccpt for those parts
\~~hcr(: rsinforrcd insulation is used, because the application of
cloubk insulation is manifestly impracticable; such an appliance is
c:~llcd ;I metal-cncascd Class If appliance.
An aq’liancc which is a combination of the Types (a) MCI (b) above.
NUT!; 1 The enclosure of an insulation encased Uass II appliance may form a
p~irt vr tlrf- :\-hole of the supplenlentary insulation or of the reinforced insulation.
Sow 2 --- If an appliance with double insulation and/or reinforced insulation
throllghout has an earthing terminal or earthing contact, it is considered to be of Class
I con5ttuction.

NOTC 3 .- Class II appliances may have parts operating at safety extra-low voltage.

2.18 Chss Ill Appliance -- An appliance in which protection against electric

shock. relics on supply at safety extra-low voltage and in which voltages higher
than those of safety extra-low voltage are not generated.
KOTE - Appliances intended to be operated at safety extra-low voltage and having
internal circuits which operate at a voltage other than safety extra-low voltage, are not
included in the classification and are subject to additional requirements; these require-
ments arc under consideration.

10
 IS :302 -1979

2,19 Extra-Low Voltage - A volt&ge supplied from a source within the

appliance and, when the appliance is operated at its rated voltage, not
exceeding 32 V between conductors and between conductors and earth or, for
three-phase supply, not exceeding 18.5 V between conductors and neutral,
the extrz-iow voitagc circuit being separated from other circuits by basic
insulation only.
2.20 Low Voltage -.- A voltage not exccedin, (r _150 V under normal conditions.
2.21 Medium Voltage - A voltage exceeding 250 V but not exceeding 650 V
under normal conditions.
2.22 Safety Extra-Low Voltage-A nominal voltage not exceeding 32 V
between conductors and between conductors and earth or, for three-phase
supply, not exceeding 18.5 V between conductors and neutral, the no-load
voltage not cxcccding 38 V and 22 V respectively.
NOTE1 -- \\~hcn safety extra-low voltage is obtained from the supply mains, it
mutt be tllrough a safety isolating transformer or a convertor with separate windings.
NOTE 2 .- The voltage limits spccificd are based on the assumption that the safety
isolating transfornlrr is operatccl at its r:~tcd supply voltage.

2.23 Safety kolating Transformer A transformer the input winding of

\\Jhich is clcctr;cally scpnratcd from the output windings by an insulation at
Icnst cquivalcnt to double insulation or rcinforccd insulation, and which is
ticsigned to supply a distribution circuit, an appliance or other cquipmcnt at
sarcty cxtrn-low voltage.
2.24 Portable Appliance -- Either an appliance which is moved while in
operation or an appliance which can easily bc moved from one place to
a11ol11er while connected to the supply.
2-25. Iland-Held Appliance -- A portable appliance intended to be held in
the hand during normal use, the motor, iT any, forming an integral part of
the nppliancc.
2.26 Stationary Appliance - Either a fixed appliance or an appliance having
a mass exceeding 18 kg and not provided with a carrying handle.
2.27 Fixed Appliance --- An appliance which is fastened to a support or
otherwise secured in a specific situation.
2.28 Appliance for Building-h - An appliance intended to bc installed in
a cupboard fitment or sink unit, in a prepared recess in a wall or in a similar
situation.
NOTE - In general, appliances for building-in do not have an enclosure on all
sides, because for some of the sides protection against electric shock is obtained after
installation.

2.29 Conditions of Adequate I&at Discharge - The conditions that apply

when a heating appliance is operated under normal conditions of use.

11
IS : 302 - 1979

2,30 Normal Load -- The load to be applied to a motor-operated appliance

so that the stress imposed corresponds to that occurring under normal con-
ditions of use, any marking of short-time or intermittent operation being
observed and, unless otherwise specified, heating elements, if any, being
operated as in normal use.
2.31 Rated Operating Time - The operating time assigned to the appliance
by the maker.
2,32 Continuous Operation - Operation under normal load or in accord-
ance with conditions of adequate heat discharge for an unlimited period.
2,33 Short-Time Operation - Operation under normal load or in accor-
dance with conditions of adequate heat discharge for a specified period,
starting from cold, the intervals between each period of operation being
sufficient to allow the appliance to cool down approximately to room
temperature.
2,34 Intermittent Operation - Operation in a series of specified identical
cycles, each cycle being composed of a period of operation under normal
load or in a.ccordance with conditions of adequate heat discharge, followed
by a rest period with the appliance running idle or switched off.
2.35 Non-detachable Part - A part which can only be removed with the aid
of a tool.
2.36 Detachable Part - A part which can be removed without the aid of a
tool.
2.37 Thermostat - A temperature-sensing device, the operating tempera-
ture of which may be tither fixed or adjustable and which, during normal
operation, keeps the temperature of an appliance, or of parts of it, between
certain limits by automatically opening and closing a circuit.
2.38 Temperature Limiter - A temperature-sensing device, the operating
temperature of which may be either fixed or adjustable and which, during
normal operation, operates by opening or closing a circuit when the tempera-
ture of an appliance, or of parts of it, reaches a predetermined value.
NOTE - It does not make the reverse operation during the normal duty cycle of the
appliance. It may or may not require manual resetting.

2.39 Thermal Cut-Out - A device which, during abnormal operation, limits

the temperature of an appliance, or of parts of it, by automatically opening
the circuit or by reducing the current, and which is so constructed that its
setting cannot be altered by the user.
2.40 Self-Resetting Thermal Cut-Out - A thermal cut-out which automa-
tically restores the current after the relevant part of the appliance has cooled
down sufficiently.

12
 IS:302-1979

2.41 Non-Self-Resetting Thermal Cut-Out - A thermal cut-out which

requires resetting by hand, or replacement of a part, in order to restore
the current.
2.42 Tool - A screwdriver, a coin or any other object which may be used to
operate a screw or similar fixing means.
2.43 Creepage Distance - The shortest path between two conductive parts,
or between a conductive part and the bounding surface of the appliance,
measured along the surface of the insulating material.
2.44 Clearance - The shortest distance between two conductive parts, or
betwen a conductive part and the bounding surface of the appliance,
measured through air.
NOTE - The bounding surface of the appliance is the outer surface of the enclosure,
considered as though metal foil were pressed into contact with accessible surfaces of
insulating material.

2.45 All-Pole Disconnection - For single-phase ac appliances and for dc

appliances, disconnection of both supply conductors by a single switching
action or, for appliances to be connected to more than two supply conductors,
disconnection of all supply conductors, except the earthed ( grounded)
conductor, by a single switching action.
NOTE - The protective earthing conductor is not considered to be a supply conductor.

2.46 Visibly Glowing Heating Element - A heating element which, when the
appliance is assembled ready for use, is partly or completely visible from the
outside of the appliance, and the temperature of which is at least 650°C
after the appliance has been operated in accordance with conditions of ade-
quate heat discharge until steady conditions have been established, the supply
voltage being such that the input is equal to the minimum rated input.
NOTE -This definition is mainly intended for testing with test probes regarding
accessibility of live parts.

2.47 AccessibleParts or Accessible Surface - A live part or a live surface

which can be touched by means of the standard test finger shown in Fig. 1.
2.48 Body - The term includes all accessible metal parts, shafts of handles,
knobs, grips and the like and metal foil in contact with all accessible surfaces
of insulating material; it does not include inaccessible metal parts.
2.49 Steady State Condition - The steady state condition is considered to
have been reached when the difference between two consecutive readings of
temperature-rise over the ambient taken at half an hour interval has not
exceeded 1°C.
2.50 Type Tests - Tests carried out to prove conformity with the require:
ments of the standard. These are intended to prove the general qualities
and design of a given type of appliance.

13
 4R SPHER

SECTION XX
(ENLARGED)

NSULATING MATERIAL

I’ ‘,
t-c- -
‘\\ I

@
L-50 +--I

@a
SECTION 72
SECTION YY (ENLARGED)
IENLARGED

Tolerances :
On angle +5
On linear dimensions :
Less than 25: t$,
Over 25 : 1.2
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 1 STANDARD TEST FINGER

2.51 Acceptance Tests - Tests carried out on samples taken from a lot for
the purpose of acceptance of the lot.
2.52 Routine Tests-Tests carried out on each item to check the essential
requirements which are likely to vary during production.
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENT
3.1 Appliances shall be so designed and constructed that in normal use they
function safely so as to cause no danger to persons or surroundings, even in
the event of such careless use as may occur in normal service.
In general, compliance is checked by carrying out the relevant tests as
listed in Appendix A.
14
 IS : 302 - 1979

4. GENERAL NOTES ON TESTS

4.1 This standard covers various tests as well as methods of tests that are in
general applicable for all kinds of appliances. The individual appliance
specification will specify type, routine and acceptance tests relevant to tt e
appliance. A recommended sampling procedure for acceptance tests ar d
criteria for conformity is given in Appendix B for general guidance.
4.2 Unless otherwise specified, the type tests are made on two samples as
delivered, which shall withstand all the relevant tests.
NOTE 1 - If it is evident from the design of the appliance that a particular test is not
applicable, that test is not made.
NOTE 2 - If the appliance is designed for different supply voltages, for both ac and
dc, for different speeds, etc, more than two sample may be required.
NOTE 3 - If the test of 11.10is to be made, additional samples are required.
NOTE 4 - If it is necessary to dismantle a Class II appliance for the relevant tests,
one additional sample is required.
NOTE 5 - The testing of components may necessitate the submission of additional
samples of these components. When the submission of such samples is necessary, they
should be submitted together with the appliance,
4.3 Unless otherwise specified in the individual appliance standard, the
tests may be carried out in the order of the clauses.
NOTE 1 - Before testing is started, the appliance is operated at rated voltage in order
to verif>r that it is in working order.
NOTE 2 - In case the appliance with heating element(s) is taken from shelf and
subjected to leakage current and high voltage tests in isolation, the tests shall be conduct-
ed after 10 minutes of operation.
4.4 The tests are carried out with the appliance, or any movable part of it,
placed in the most unfavourable position which may occur in normal use.
4.5 If the test results are influenced by the temperature of the ambient
air, the room temperature is, in general, maintained at 27 & 5°C. If, how-
ever, the temperature attained by any part is limited by a temperature sensi-
tive device, or is influenced by the temperature at which a change of state
occurs, for example, the temperature of boiling water, the room tempera-
ture is, in case of doubt, maintained at 27 & 2°C and a relative humidity of
65 f 5 percent.
4.6 Appliances for ac only are tested with ac, at rated frequency, if marked.
Those for dc only are tested with dc and those for ac/dc are tested at the
more unf3vourable supply.
Appliances for ac which are not marked with rated frequency are tested
at 50 Hz.
App!iances marked with a rated frequency range shall be tested at the
most unfavourable frequency within the range.
Appliances designed for more than one rated voltage shall be tested at
the most unfavourable voltage.

15
IS : 302 - 1979

Unless otherwise specified, appliances designed for one or more rated

voltage ranges are tested at the most unfavourable voltage within the relevant
range(s).
When it is specified, for motor-operated appliances marked with a
rated voltage range, that the supply voltage is equal to the rated voltage
multiplied by a factor, the supply voltage is equal to:
the upper limit of the rated voltage range multiplied by this factor,
if greater than 1; and
the lower limit of the rated voltage range multiplied by this factor,
if smaller than 1.
When testing appliances for dc only, the possible influence of polarity
on the operation of the appliance shall be taken into consideration.
NOTE 1 - LVhere reference is made to maximum or minimum rated input, the rated
input related to the upper limit or lower limit respectively of the rated voltage range is
meant.

NOTE 2 - If a heating appliance not incorporating a motor is designed for one rated
voltage range, the upper limit of the voltage range will be the most unfavourable voltage
within the range. If the appliance incorporates a motor or is designed for more than one
rated voltage or rated x;oltage range, it may be necessary to make some of the tests at
the minimum, the mean and the maximum values of the rated voltage or the rated
voltage range in order to establish the most unfavourable voltage.

4.7 Appliances for which alternative heating elements or accessories are

available are tested with those elements or accessories which give the most
unfavourable results, provided that the elements or accessories used are
within the appliance manufacturer’s specification.
4.8 If, in llormal USC, the heating element cannot be operated unless the
motor is running, the element is tested with the motor running. If the
heating element can be operated without the motor running, the element is
tested with or without the motor running, whichever is more unfavourable.
4.9 Appliances provided with a thermostat, a regulating device or a similar
control are tested with these controls adjusted to their most unfavourable
setting, if the setting can be altered by the user.
KOTE - If the adjusting means of the control is accessible rvithout the aid of a tool,
the provisions apply whether the setting can be altered by hand or with the aid of a tool;
if the adjusting means is not accessible without the aid of a tool, the provisions apply
only if the setting can be altered by hand.

Adequate sealing is regarded as preventing alteration of the setting

by the user.
4.10 Where appropriate, appliances for building-in are installed in accor-
dance with the manufacturer’s instructions for installation, as far as these
are in accordance with normal installation conditions.

16
 fS : 302 - 1979

4.11 Unless otherwise specified, appliances intended to be supplied by means

of a flexible cable or cord are tested with the appropriate flexible cable or
cord connected to the appliance. In case plug is not provided with the flexi-
ble cable or cord, plug of appropriate rating shall be fitted for the purpose
of conducting the tests.
4.12 When, for heating appliances, it is specified that the appliance has to
be supplied at a voltage such that the input is greater than rated input, this
voltage applies only to heating elements without appreciable positive tem-
perature coefficient of resistance. For other heating elements, this voltage is
determined as follows :
First, the rated voltage is supplied until the heating element reaches
its operating temperature. The supply voltage is then rapidly
increased to the value necessary to give the input required for the
relevant tests and the test is made as specified, the value of the supply
voltage being maintained throughout the test.
NOTE- In general, the temperature coefficient is considered to be appreciable if,
at rated voltage, the input of the appliance in cold condition differs by more than
25 percent from the input at operating temperature.
4.13 When, for motor-operated appliances, the conditions of normal load
are specified in individual appliance specification, the appliance is loaded
according to those conditions, irrespective of any marking of short-time or
intermittent operation, unless it is evident from the design of the appliance
that these conditions will not occur in normal use.
4.14 Class III appliances are tested together with their supply transformers
if they are sold with the appliances.
4.15 For the purpose of 8.6, 8.7, 16.4, 25.11, and 27.1, parts separated
from live parts by double insulation or reinforced insulation are not regard-
ed as likely,to become live in the event of an insulation fault; connection of
accessible metal parts to an earthing terminal or earthing contact does not
remove the necessity for carrying out the relevant tests.
4.16 If Class I appliances have accessible metal parts which are not connec-
ted to an earthing terminal or earthing contact, and are not separated from
live parts by an intermediate metal part which is connected to an earthing
terminal or carthing contact, such parts are checked for compliance with
the appropriate requirements specified for Class II appliances.
4.17 If Class I or Class II appliances have parts operating at safety extra-
low voltage, such parts are checked for compliance with the appropriate
requirements specified for Class III appliances.

4.18 Measuring Instruments

4.18.1 The measurement of voltage, current and power shall b.e carried out
with such instruments which do not themselves appreciably effect the values
to be measured.
17
IS : 302 - 1979

4.18.2 The meters employed shall be of accuracy Class I or better

according to IS : 124%1968*.
4.19 For appliances incorporating electronic circuits, .~tre Appendix C.

5. RATING

5.1 Rated Voltage

5.1.1 For extra-low voltage appliances the preferred voltages shall be
6, 12, 24 and 32 V.
5.1.2 For appliances other than extra-low voltage the preferred rated
voltage shall be 240 V for single phase and 415 V for three-phase; however,
230 V and 400 V for single-phase and three-phase respectively arc also
permitted for the time being ( set 0.4 and 0.5 of IS : 58.5-1962~ ). For special
applications the voltage rating may be as agreed between the purchaser and
the manuf,lcturer.

5.2 Rated Input

5.2.1 For Heating urd Cooki/lg Ap,ulicrr~cr.~-- 7’he rating in watts for
heating and cooking appliances should preferably be chosen rrom the follow-
ing figures:
5

:: 250 1 503
:0 420 2 000
1;; 720
500 23 000
500

125 1 000 4 000

150 1 250 5 000

5.2.2 For Motor-Operated Applinnces

5.2.2.1 The preferred ratings for motor-operated appliances employing

only motors shall bc as follows:
12, 18, ‘5, 40, 60, 90, 120, 1SO, 250, 370, 550 and 750 W.
5.2.2.2 For motor-opcvztcrl apphms, itlcorporrrtilig l~rritilrg ~le~~~nfs
L~/J.O
- The r:iting of motor-operated appliances incorporating heating
clemcnts also shall be as declared by the manufacturer.

*Specification for direct acting electrical indicating instruments (jbt revision ).

tvoltages and frequency for ac transmission and distribution systems ( wised).

18
 IS : 302- 1979

5.2.3 In case the rating of the appliance be it either motor operated or

heating and cooking appliance is more than 3 kW and a number of appli-
ances are to be used at the same time, it is recommended to operate them on
multi-phase supply.

6. CLASSIFICATION

6.1 Appliances are classified:

a) according to protection against electric shock:
1) Class I appliances,
2) Class II appliances, and
3) Class III appliances.
b) according to degree of protection against moisture:
1) ordinary appliances,
2) drip-proof appliances,
3) splash-proof appliances, and
4) watertight appliances.
NOTE 1 -The class numbers are not intended to reflect the safety level of the
appliances, but only the means by which the safety (s obtained.
NOTE 2 - If Class III appliances are sold with a separate safety isolating transformer
for their supply from the mains, their classification is not altered.
NOTE 3 ---In 22.1 and 22.2 requirements with regard to the classification of the*
appliances are given.

7. MARKING

7.1 Appliances shall be marked with:

a) rated voltage(s) or rated voltage range(s), in volts, optional for
appliances with detachable heating elements only;
b) symbol for nature of supply, if applicable;
c) rated frequency or rated frequency range, in Hz, unless the appli-
ance is designed for dc only or for ac of both 50 Hz and 60 Hz;
d) rated input in watts or kilowatts, if greater than 25 W, or rated
current in amperes;
e) maker’s or responsible vendor’s name, trade-mark or identification
mark;
f) maker’s model or type reference;
g) rated operating time, or rated operating time and rated resting time,
in hours, minutes or seconds, in case of appliances for short time or
intermittent operation;

19
IS : 302 - 1979

h) symbol for Class II construction, for Class II appliances only;

j) symbol for degree of protection against moisture, if applicable;
and
k) country of origin.

In addition, motors with windings insulated with Class B, Class F

or Class H material only shall be marked with the class designation of their
winding insulation.

Stationary appliances for multiple supply shall be marked with the

substance of the following WARNING:
‘BEFORE OBTAINING ACCESS TO TERMlNAL DEVICES,
ALL SUPPLY CIRCUITS MUST BE INTERRUPTED.

This warning shall be visible when approaching any live part that
night be touched during routine servicing.
NOTE 1 - Appliances for star-delta connection must be clearly marked with the two
rated voltage ( for example, 240 Y/415 A ).

NOTE2 - The rated input or rated current is the total maximum input or current of
the circuits that can be in operation simultaneously.

NOTE 3 - If an appliance has alternative components which can be selected by a

control device, the rated input is that corresponding to the highest loading possible.

NOTE 4 - Additional markings are allowed, provided thry do not give rise to
misunderstanding.

NOTE 5 -- If the motor of an appiiance is marked separately, the marking of the

appliance and that of the motor must be such that there can be no doubt with regard
to the rating. and manufacturer of the appliance itself.

7.2 Detachable heating elements shall be marked either on the heating

element or on wrapper/carton covering the heating element and the
instructions leaflet with the following information:

a>Rated voltage(s) or rated voltage range(s) in volts;

b>Rated input in watts or kilowatts, if greater than 25 W;

cl Manufacturer’s name or responsible vendor’s name, trade-mark

or identification mark;
4 Manufacturer’s model or type reference; and
d Symbol for degree of protection against moisture, if applicable.

7.3 If the appliance can be adjusted to suit different rated voltages or

different rated inputs, the voltage or input to which the appliance is adjusted
shall be easily and clearly discernible.

20
 IS : 302- 1979

7.3.1 This requirement dots not apply to appliances for star-delta connec-
tion.

XOTE - Forappliances where frequent changes in vollagc setting are not require&
the requircmrnt is considered to be met if the rated voltage or the rated input to which
the applknce is adjustrd, can be determined from a wiring diagram fixed to the awli-
awe; the I\ iring diagram may be on the inside of a cover which has to be removed to
cnrlnect the supply conductors. The diagram may be on a card which is riveted to the
cover, or on a paper or similar label secured to the cover by an adhesive but it must not
be 011a label loosely attached to the appliance.
7.4 For appliances or detachable heating elements marked with more than
one rated voltage or rated voltage range, the rated input for each of these
voltages or ranges shall be marked, if greater than 25 W.

The upper and lower limits of the rated input shall be marked on the
appliance or detachable heating element so that the relation between input
and voltage appears distinctly unless the difference between the limits of
a rated voltage range does not exceed 10 percent of the mean value of the
range in which case the marking for rated input may be related to the mean
value of the range.

lf the input of the appliance or detachable heating element in cold

condition differs by more than 25 percent from the input at operating
temperature, the input in cold condition shall be marked in addition, and
shall be placed in brackets after the marking of the input at operating
temperature.

7.5 When symbols are used, they shall be as follows:

v volts
A amperes
HZ hertz
W watts
kW kilowatts
CLP microfarads
1 litres
kg kilograms
N/cm2 newtons per square centimetre
Pa pascals
h hours
min minutes
S seconds

alternating current

21
 three-phase alternating current

three-phase alternating current

with neutral
direct current

rated current of the appropriate

fuse-link

time-lag D-type fuse-link

X
ime-lag miniature fuse-link
I I

-ett- !imc-lag D-type fuse-link

0clQ ( one drop )

Class II construction

drip-proof construction
*

Ab
b 9
,,( one drop in a triangle)

( two drops )
splash-proof

watertight
construction

construction.

The symbol for nature of supply shall be placed next to the marking
for rated voltage.

The dimensions of the symbol for Class II construction shall be such

that the length of the sides of the outer square is about twice the length
of the sides of the inner square. The length of the sides of the outer square
shall not be less than 5 mm, unless the largest dimension of the appliance
does not exceed 1.5 cm, in which case the dimensions of the symbol may be
reduced, but the length of the sides of the outer square shall not be less
than 3 mm.

The symbol for Class IL construction shall be so placed that it will be

obvious that it is a part of the technical information and is unlikely to be
confused with any other marking.

22
 IS : 302 - 1979

7.6 Terminals intcndcd cxclusivcly for the neutral conductor shall be indica-
ted by the letter ‘N’.

Earthing terminals shall be indicated by the symbol f

These indic.ttions shall not be placed on screws, removable wnshcrs or
other parts which n:iglit be removed when conductqs are being connected.
7.7 If for single p!i:~sc Class I appliances intended to be permanently con-
nected to fixed wiring, if a single pole switch or a sin,& pole protcciion
device is inserted in the phase conductor inside the appliance, the corres-
ponding terminal shall be clcsrly indicated so that the correct connection
to the supply can be made while installation.
7.8 Appliances to be connect4 to more than two supply conductors and
appliances for multipic supply shall be provided vvith a connection diagram,
fixed to the appliance. LIII~CSSthe correct mode of connection is obvious.
NOTE 1 -- The corrrct mode of conncrtion is considered to be obvious if for thr~-
phase appliances thr tr~minnls for the supply conductors arc indicntrtl bv anmws point-
ing tmvards tll<, twnin:ils. ‘l‘he mrthing conductor is not a supply conductor. For
appliances for star-tlcltrr connrction, the connection diagram shall show hmv the willding>
are to bc conrl~ctcd.

NOTE 3 - The connectio:l diagraln may be the wiring diagram referred to in 7.3.

7.9 Unless it is obviously unnecessary, switches the operation of which

might cnusc a hazard shall bc marked or placed so as to indicate clearly
which part of the appliance they control.
Indications used for this purpose shall, whcrevcr practicable, bc
comprehensible without a knowledge of languages, relevant standards, etc.
7.10 The different positions of regulating devices and the diXercnt positions
of switches on stationary appliances shall bc indicated by figures, lcttcrs
or other visual means.
If figures are urcd for indicating the different positions, the ‘off’ posi-
tion shall bc indicated by the figure ‘0’ and the position for a greater output,
input, speed, cooling effect, etc, shall be indicated by a high.er figure.
The figure ‘0’ shall not be used for any other indication.
7.11 Thermostats, regulating devices and the like, intended to be adjusted
during installation or in normal use, shall be provided with an indication
for the direction of adjustment to increase or to decrease the value of the
characteristic being adjusted.
NOTE -An indication of + and - is considered to be sufficient.

7.12 If it is necessary to take special precautions when installing or using

the appliance, details of these shall be given in an instruction sheet which

23
IS : 302 - 1979

accompanies the appliance. If a stationary appliance is not provided with

a non-detachable flexible cable or cord and a plug, or with other means for
disconnection from the supply, having a contact separation of at least 3 mm
in all poles, the instruction sheet shall state that such means for disconnec-
tion shall be incorporated in the fixed wiring.
Special precautions may be necessary, for example, for appliances
for building-in,
In order to ensure that, after building-in, the conditions necessary to
meet the requirements of this standard are achieved, the instruction sheet
for appliances for building-in should include clear information with regard
to the following:
Dimensions of the space to be provided for the appliance;
Dimensions and position of the means for supporting and fixing
the appliance within this space;
Minimum clearances between the various parts of the appliance and
the surrounding parts of the fitment;
Minimum dimensions of ventilating openings and their correct
arrangements; and
Connection of the appliance to the supply and the interconnection
of separate components, if any.
NOTE 1 - Means for disconnection having the required contact separation are
switches other than those of micro-gap construction, miniature circuit-breakers and
contactors.
NOTE 2- If the Supply wires of an appliance can come into contact with parts of
a terminal block or compartment for fixed wiring and these parts havr, under conditions
of normal us:, a temperature such that the insulation of the wire is subjected to a
temperature rue exceeding that specified in the table of 11.8, the instruction sheet shall
also state that the appliance must be connected by means of wires having appropriate
‘7’ marking.

For appliances with type Z attachments, the instruction sheet shall

contain the substance of the following information:
‘The supply cord of this appliance cannot be replaced; if the cord
is damaged, the appliance should be discarded.’
7.13 Where symbols are used, they shall be those indicated in this standard.
Compliance with the requirements of 7.1 to 7.13 is checked by inspection.
7.14 Marking required by this standard shall be easily legible and durable.
Marking specified in 7.1 to 7.5 shall be on a main part of the
appliance or detachable heating element.
The marking of fixed appliances shall be clearly discernible from the
outside after the appliance has been fixed as in normal use, but, if necessary,
after removal of a cover.

24
 IS : 302-1979

The marking of other appliances shall be clearly discernible from the

outside, if necessary after removal of a cover; for portable appliances,
the removal of this cover shall not require the use of a tool.
For stationary appliances, the marking shall be beneath a cover only
if it is near to the terminals for external conductors.
Marking on detachable heating elements shall be clearly discernible
when the element is removed from the appliance.
Marking on, and indications for, switches, thermostats, thermal
cut-outs and other control devices shall be placed in the vicinity of these
components; they shall not be placed on removable parts if these parts can
be replaced in such a way that the marking is misleading.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by rubbing the marking by
hand for 1.5 seconds with a piece of cloth soaked with water and again for
15 seconds with a piece of cloth soaked with petroleum spirit.
After all the tests of this standard, the marking shall be easily legible,
it shall not be easily possible to remove marking plates and they shall show
110 Curling.

NOTE - A revision of the test for checking the durability of the marking is under
consideration.

In considering the durability of the marking, the effect of normal use is

taken into account. Thus, .for example, marking by means of paint or
enamel other than vitreous enamel on containers that are likely to be cleaned
frequently is not considered to be durable.

8. PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK

8.1 Appliances shall be so constructed and enclosed that there is adequate

protection against accidental contact with live parts and, for Class II appli-
ances, with metal parts separated from live parts by basic insulation only.
This requirement applies for all positions of the appliance when it is wired
and operated as in normal use, even after opening of lids and doors and
removal of detachable parts, except for lamps located behind a detachable
cover, provided the appliance can be isolated from the supply by means of
a plug or an all-pole switch, the ‘off’ position of which is clearly indicated.
During the insertion or removal of lamps, protection against accidental
contact with live parts of the lamp cap shall also be ensured.
The insulating properties of lacquer, enamel, ordinary paper, cotton,
oxide film on metal parts, beads and sealing compound shall not be relied
upon to give the required protection against accidemal contact with live
parts.

25
IS : 302.1979

The enclosure of the appliance shall have no opcnit~~s otllrr than those
necessary for the use and working of the appliance, giving access to live
parts and, for Class II appliances, to parts sepnratcd from live parts by
basic insulation only.
NOTE 1 ~- U~llrss otherwise specified, parts oprrnting at safety extra-!o\v I oltage not
exceeding 18.j V are not considered to bc live parts.

KOTE 2 -- If a manufacturer instructs the user to rrmove a part dul-ilrg normal

operation or user mxintclmnce, that part is rcgnrdcd as a detachnhlc pnrr c\c~I if a tool
has to be used fcr its rrn~oval.

NOT& 3 - This rrquiwmrnt dors not prrmit the uce of scrnv-ty]w fi~scs, and scrc~v-
type miniature circuit-breakers if they are accrssiblc without the aid of a tool. It implies
that sockrts usrrl as terminal device for detachable 1lratin.q rlcmcnts must hc so deaignrd
as to prrvcnt arcidcntnl contact with live parts when ihe beating clement has bcrn
removed.

IVoTE 4 - Self-hardening resins are not regarded as scaling compound.

Compliance is chcckcd by inspection and. cxccpt a~ specified hcreaftcr

for visibiv glowin g heating clcments and parts supporting such clcmcnts.
by a test ivith the s,tand;trd test finger shown in Kg. I.
‘In ;xldifion . apcrlurcs in Class If ;tpplimmx md ;tpc!~luri”s in Class I
appliances. ot!tcr thnil those in metal parts connected to an wrthing tcrminnl
or earthing contact and those giving access to lamp csps or to iivc parts in
socket oull&,, are tcstctl with the test pin shown in Fig. 2. The test finger
and the tc,,t pin xc applied. without appreci~l.hlc force. in every possible
position, cxccpt that appliances normally used on the floor and having a
mass exceeding 40 kg are not tilted.
hpplianccs for wall-mounting and appliances for building-in are
tested as deiivered.
An appliance designed as a single appliance but delivered as a number
of units is tested after assembly.
For appliances provided with movable devices, such as those intended
for varying the heat distribution or the tension of belts, the test ic made
with the devices adjusted to their most unf;rivourable position within their
range of adjustment.
Apertures preventing the entry of the finger are further tcstcd by means
of a straight unjointed test finger of the same dimensions, which is applied
with a force of 20 N; if this finger enters, the test with the finger shown
in Fig. I. is repeated, the finger being introduced through the aperture.
If the unjointed test finger does not enter, the force applied ir increased
to 30 N. If then the guard is so displaced or the aperture so distorted that
the test finger shown in Fig. 1 can be inserted without force, the test with
the latter finger is repeated. An electrical contact indicator is used to show
contact.

26
 IS :302-1979

A!1 dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 2 TEST PIN

It shall not be possible to touch bare live parts or live parts protected
by lacquer, enamel, ordinary paper, cotton, oxide film, beads or sealing
compound only, with the test finger. In addition, it shall not be possible
to touch bare live parts with the test pin when testing apertures as indicated’
above. For Class II appliances it shall not be possible to touch metal parts,
separated from live parts by basic insulation only, with the test finger shown
in Fig. 1.
For appliances other than those of Class II, the test for live parts of
visibly glowing heating elements all poles of which can be disconnected
by a single switching action, and for parts supporting such elements, provi-
ded that it is obvious from the outside of the appliance, without removing
covers and the like, that these parts are in contact with the element, is ma4e
with the test probe shown in Fig. 3, instead of the test finger, the probe
being applied without appreciable force. It shall not be possible to touch
live parts with this probe.
NOTE 1 -The standard test finger must he so designed that each of the jointed
sections can he turned through an angle of 90” with respect to the axis of the finger in
the same direction only.
NOTE 2 -- It is recommended that a lamp he used for the indication of contact with
live parts and the voltage rating of the lamp shall he in the range of 40 to 75 volts.
NOTE 3 - The fact that appliances for wall-mounting and appliances for huilding-
in are tested as delivered does not imply that such appliances must be completely enclo-
sed; the functional insulation of wiring in appliances other than those of Class II may
give the required protection against electric shock, provided it is adequately protected
or enclosed after installation of the appliance.
8.2 For appliances for skin or hair treatment other than those of Class III
having a rated voltage not exceeding 18.3 V, metal parts which are in contact

27
IS: 302 - 1979

21.5:'
0*05_

L 80:’
I-
fjlJto.2 4

Dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 3 TEST PROBE

with skin or hair of persons or animals in normal use shall be separated

from live parts by double insulation or reinforced insulation and shall not
be earthed.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests specified for
double insulation and reinforced insulation.
8.3 For appliances other than those of Class III, flexible shafts which are
handled or actuated in normal use shall be insulated from the motor shafts
by suitable couplings of insulating material.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests specified for
supplementary insulation.
8.4 Conducting liquids which are or may become accessible in normal use
shall not be in direct contact with live parts other than those operating at
safety extra-low voltages not exceeding 18.5 V.
For Class II appliances, such liquids shall not be in direct contact
with basic insulation or with metal parts insulated from live parts by basic
insulation only.
8.5 Shafts of operating knobs, handles, levers and the like shall not be live.
Compliance with the requirements of 8.4 and 8.5 is checked by
inspection.
8.6 For appliances other than those of Class III, handles, levers and knobs
which are held or actuated in normal use shall not become live in the event
of an insulation fault. If these handles, levers or knobs are of metal and
if their shaft or fixings are likely to become live in the event of an insulation
fault, they shall either be adequately covered by insulating material or their
accessible parts shall be separated from their shafts or fixings by supple
mentary insulation.

28
 IS : 302 - 1979

For stationary appliances, this requirement does not apply to handles,

levers and knobs, other than those of electrical components, provided they
are either reliably connected to an earthing terminal or earthing contact,
or separated from live parts by earthed metal.
Compliance is checked by inspection and if necessary by the tests
specified for supplementary insulation.
8.7 For appliances other than those of Class 111, handles which, in normal
use, are continuously held in the hand shall be so constructed that when
gripped as in normal use, contact between the operator’s hand and metal
parts which may become live in the event of an insulation fault is unlikely.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
8.8 For Class II appliances, capacitors shall not be connected to accessible
metal parts, and their casing, if of metal, shall be separated from accessible
metal parts by supplementary insulation.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests specified for
supplementary insulation.
8.9 Appliances intended to be connected to the supply by means of a plug
shall be so designed that in normal use there is no risk of electric shock
from charged capacitors when touching the pins of the plug.
Compliance is checked by the following test, which is made ten times:
The appliance is operated at rated voltage or at the upper limit of
the rated voltage range.
The appliance switch, if any, is then moved to the ‘off’ position
and the appliance is disconnected from the supply by means of the
plug.
One second after disconnection, the voltage between the pins of
the plug is measured with an instrument which does not appreciably
affect the value to be measured.
This voltage shall not exceed 30 V.
NOTE - Capacitors having a rated capacitance not exceeding 0.1 FF are not con-
sidered to entail a risk of electric shock.

9. STARTING OF MOTOR-OPERATED APPLIANCES

9.1 Motors shall start under all normal voltage conditions which may
occur in use.
Centrifugal and other automatic starting switches shall operate reliably
and without contact chattering.
Motors to be started by hand shall cause no danger if they are started
in the wrong direction.

29
IS :302-1979

Compliance is checked by starting the appliance three times at a

voltage equal to 0.85 times the rated voltage, the appliance being at room
temperature at the beginning of the test.
The motor is started each time under the conditions occurring at the
beginning of normal operation or, for automatic appliances, at the begin-
ning of the normal cycle of operation, the motor being allowed to come to
rest between successive starts.
For appliances provided with motors having other than centrifugal
starting switches, this test is repeated at a voltage equal to 1.06 times the
rated voltage. Motors to be started by hand are started in the correct
direction and, if possible, in the wrong direction.
In all cases, the appliance shall function in such a way that safety is
not affected.
NOTE- The supply source must be such that during the test the drop in voltage
does not exceed 1 percent.

9.2 The starting current shall not blow a quick-acting fuse-link having a
rated current :
a) according to the marking, if the rated current of the appropriate
fuse-link is marked on the appliance;
b) equal to the rated current of the appliance, with a minimum of
10 A for appliances having a rated voltage exceeding 130 V and
16 A for appliances having a rated voltage of 130 V and less, if
the rated current of the appropriate fuse is not marked on the
appliance.
Compliance is checked by the following test:
The appliance is connected in series with a silver wire having a
length of 85 mm and a diameter as shown in the following table:
Rated Current of Fuse Diameter of Silver Wire
(mm>
r__-__h-
Starting time not exceed- Starting timx
A ing 1 second ing 1 second
10 0.29 0.39
16 0.39 0.52
20 0.46 0.60
25 0.53 O.66
The wire has a silver content not less than 99.9 percent, and is
stretched horizontally along the centre line of a box with inside dimensions
of80 x 80 x 150mm.
 IS : 302 - 1979

The appliance is so loaded that the conditions for starting are the
most unfavourable encountered in normal use. Heating elements incorpora-
ted in the appliance are operated, but are not connected to a xparate supply.
The appliance is then started 10 times at a voltage equal to 0.9 times
the rated voltage and 10 times at a voltage equal to 1.1 timcs the ratedvolt-
age. The interval between consecutive starts is made suthciently long to
prevent undue heating, and not less than 5 minutes.
During the test, the silver wire shall not melt and neither shall any
overload protection device operate.
NOTE 1 -The supply sol~rce must be such that during thr test tllr drop in voltage
does not ~XCIXI 1 pauc~t.
NOTE 2 -- Rcvkion of tl,is trst is under consideration.

9.3 Overload protection devices shall not operate under normal starting
conditions.
Compliance is chc:ked during the test of 9.2.

10. INPUT AND CURRENT

10.1The input of the appliance and of detachable heating elements, at

rated voltage and at normal operating temperature, shall not deviate from
the rated input by more than the deviation shown in the following table:
TYPC Rated Input Deviation
w
Heating appliance f 10 percent
Motor-operated appliance Up to and including 33.3 + 10 W
Over 33.3 up to and including + 30 percent
150
Ov;& 150 up to and including + 45 W

Over 300 + 15 percent

Compliance is checked by measuring the input of the appliance or
detachable heating element, operated at rated vohage and in accordance
with conditions of adequate heat discharge and/or under normal load, when
the input has stabilized. If the motor load varies throughout the operating
cycle, the input is measured by means of a watt-hour meter, and is determin-
ed as the mean value of the input occurring during a representative period.
NOTE 1 - For motor-operated appliances, the negative deviation is not limited.
NOTE 2 -For appliances and detachable heating elements marked with a rated
voltage range having limits differing by more than 10 percent of the mean value of
the range, the permissible deviations apply for both limits of the range.

31
IS : 302 - 1979

10.2 If a motor-operated appliance is marked with rated current, the current

taken by the appliance shall not exceed the rated current by more than 10
percent.
Compliance is checked by measuring the current taken by the appliance
operating under normal load, rated voltage and rated frequency.
10.3 If a heating appliance or detachable heating element has a marking
for the input in cold condition, this shall not differ by more than 20 percent
from the marked value.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by measurement.
NOTE- For appliances and detachable heating elements marked with one or more
rated voltage ranges, the tests of 10.1to 10.3 are made at both the upper and lower
limits of the ranges, unless the marking of the rated input is related to the mean value
of the relevant voltage range, in which case the tests are made at a voltage equal to the
mean value of that range.

11. TEMPERATURE-RISE

11.1 Appliances and their surroundings shall not attain excessive tempera-
tures in normal use.
Compliance is checked by determining the temperature rise of the
various parts under the conditions specified in 11.2 to 11.7.
11.2 Hand-held appliances are suspended in their normal position, in still
air.
Appliances for building-in are built in dull-black painted plywood
walls of about 20 mm thickness.
Other ,heating appliances are placed in a test corner. The test corner
consists of two walls at right angles, a floor and, if necessary, a ceiling,
all of dull-black painted plywood having a thickness of 20 mm. The appli-
ance is positioned in the test corner as follows:
Appliances normally used on the floor or table are placed on the
floor of the test corner at a distance of about 15 cm from the walls
of the test corner.
NOTE -This distance includes the natural projections such as hooks, bolts,
appliance inlets, etc, of the appliance.

b) Appliances normally fixed to a wail are mounted on one of the walls,

as near to the other wall and to the floor or ceiling as is likely to
occur in normal use, unless the manufacturer has given other
instructions concerning their installation.
c) Appliances normally fixed to a ceiling are fixed to the ceiling as
near to the walls as is likely to occur in normal use, provided the
manufacturer has not given special instructions concerning their
installation.

32
 IS : 302 - 1979

Other motor-operated appliances are placed on, or fixed to, a support

of dull-black painted ply~vood having a thickness of 20 mm, as follow:
a) Appliances normally used on a floor or a table are placed on a
horizontal support.
b) Appliances normally fixed to a wall are mounted on a vertical
support.
c) Appliances normally fixed to a ceiling are fixed to the underside of
a horizontal support.
11.3 Temperature-rises other than those of windings are determined by
means of fine-Itire thermocouples so chosen and positioned til:lt they have the
minimum et&t on the temperature of the part under toit. Thermometers
may also be used wherever feasible (see Appendix D ).
Thermocouples used for determining the tempcraturc-ri,c of the
surface of walls, ceiling and floor are embedded in the surface or attached
to the back of small blackened disks of copper or brass, 15 nm in diameter
and I mu thick, which arc flush with the surface.
So far as is possible, the appliance is positioned so that parts likely
to attain the highest tcmpcratures touch the disks.
In determining the telnperature-rises of handles. Lnobs, grips and. the
like, consideration is given to all parts which are gripped in normal uje
and, if of insulating material, to parts in contact with hot mc!at.
The temperature-rise of clcctrical insulation, other thrum that of wind-
ings. is determined on the surface of the insulation. at places where !jilu;.:
could cause a short circuit, contact between live parts and accessible met’.!!
parts bridging of insulation or reduction of crcepape dictancc5 or clearances
below the values specilicd in 29.1.
Temperature-rises of windings are dctermincd by the resistance method
unless the windings are non-uniform or it involws sevcrc contplicatiom
to make the necessary connections, in which case the temperature-rise is
determined by means of thermocouples.
NCXE1 - If it i:, nrwssary to dismalrtlr the appliatlce to positl,>n th~~tmocouplrs,
the input is mcasur~d aSair to cheek that the appliance has ~XY:IIcar-rcctly rrawx~blrd.
SOT’S 2 --- The point CA’wparatiun of the cores of a mul ticore cablr or core! and where
insulated wires enter lampho!ders are examplrs of p!accs whcrc thcrmoroup!ec are
posirioned.

11.4 Heating applinnces are operated in accordance with conditions of

adequate heat discharge, with all hentin .g elements in circuit, the supply
voltage being such that the input is 1.15 innes the ntnximum rated input.
11.5 Motor-operated appliances are o;-!i-rated under normal load and at the
most unfavourabie voltage between 0.94 times the minimum rated voltage
and 1.06 times the maximum rated voll:tge.

33
IS : 302- 1979

11.6 For combined appliances, when the motors are operated at a voltage
equal to 1.06 times the maximum rated voltage, the input to the heating
elements is as specified in 11.4. When the motors are operated at a volt-
age equal to 0.94 times the minimum rated voltage, the input to the heating
elements is reduced to 0.90 times the minimum rated input.
NOTE - Ifit is necessary to make the testat an intermediate voltage, the input of the
heating elements is adjusted proportionately.

Il.7 The appliance is operated:

a) for the rated operating time for appliances for short-time opera-
tion;
b) on consecutive cycles of operation, until steady conditions are
established, for appliances for intermittent operation, the ‘on’ and
‘off’ periods being the rated ‘on’ and ‘off’ periods;
c) until steady conditions are established for appliances for continu-
ous operation.
J1.8 During the test, thermal cut-outs shall not operate, the tempcrature-
r:ises are to be monitored continuously and shall not exceed the values shown
in Table 1 and sealing compound, if any, shall not flow out.
For appliances which are not subjected to the test of 12, the measure-
ments specified in 13.1 are made at the end of this test.
The values in the table are based on an ambient temperature not
normally exceeding 40°C but occasionally reaching 50°C. However, the
~i_JnpCr&ure-rise values specified are based on 40°C.
The value of the temperature-rise of a copper winding is calculated
from the formula:
( 234.5 + tl ) - ( I, - fL )

where
At is the temperature-rise
R, is the resistance at the beginning of the test
R, is the resistance at the end of the test
rI is the room temperature at the beginning of the test
r, is the room temperature at the end of the test
At the beginning of the test, the windings shall be at room temperature.
It is recommended that the resistance of windings at the end of the test
bc determined by taking resistance measurements as soon as possible after
switching off, and then at short intervals SO that a curve of resistance against
time can be plotted for ascertaining the resistance at the instant of switch-
ing off.

34
 IS : 302 - 1979

TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE-RISE

PARTS TEMPERATURE RISE

Windings*, if the winding insulation is : OC

of Class A material? 60 (50)
of Class E materialt 75 (65)
of CIass B material? 80 (70)
of Class F materialt 100
of Class H material? 125

Pins of appliance inlets :

for hot conditions 115
for cold conditions 25

Terminals, including earthing terminals, for external conductors of

stationary appliances, unless they are provided with a power supply
cord 45

Terminals or terminations for type M, type Y and type Z

attachments :
for power supply cord without I-marking 20
for power supply cord with T-marking T-20

*To allow for the fact that the temperature of windings of universal motors, relays,
solenoids etc, is usually below the average at the points where thermocouples are placed,
the figures without parentheses apply when the resistance method is used and those within
parentheses apply when thermocouples are used. For windings of vibrator coils and ac
motors, the figures outside parentheses apply in both cases.
TThe classification is in accordance with IS : 1271-1958 Classification of insulating mate-
rials for electrical machinery and apparatus in relation to their thermal stability in service.
Examples of Class A material are :
impregnated cotton, silk, artificial silk and paper;
enamels based on oleo or polyamide resins.
Examples of Class B material are :
asbestos, glass fibre, melamine formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins.
Examples of Class E material are :
mouldings with cellulose fillers, cotton fabric laminates and paper laminates, bonded
with melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde or phenol-furfural resins;
cross-linked polyester resins, cellulose tria’cetate films, polyethylene terephthalatc
films;
varnished polyethylene terephthalate textile bonded with oil-modified alkyd resin
varnish;
enamels based on polyvinylformal, polyurethane or epoxy resins.
For materials claimed to be of Class E, the tests of 11.10are always made when the
temperuture rise of the windings exceeds 75°C and when there is doubt with regard to
the classification of the winding insulation.
More extensive accelerated temperature tests and, in addition, compatibility testing is
required for insulation systems of Class B and higher temperature classes.
A totally enclosed motor is a motor so constructed that the circulation of the air bet_
ween the inside and the outside of the case is prevented but not necessarily sufficiently
enclosed to he called airtight.
( Continued )

35
IS :302-1979

TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE RISE --Could

PARTS TEMPERATUREKISE
Ambient of switches and thermostats :*
without T-marking I’,
with ‘f-marking T-40

Rubber or polyvinyl chloride insulation of internal and external wiring

including power supply cords :
without T-marking 3.5
with T-marking T---40

Cord sheaths used as supplementary insulation Y’O

Rubber, other than synthetic, used for gaskets or other parts, the dete-
rioration of which could affect safety :
when used as supplementary insulation or as reinforced insulation 2.5
in other cases 35

Lampholders E 26 and E 27 :
metal or ceramic type 145
insulated type, other than ceramic 105

Lampholders E 14, B 15 and B 22 :

metal or ceramic type 115
insulated type, other than ceramic 75
with T-marking T-40

hlatcrial used as insulation other than that specified for wires and wind-
ings :t
Imprcgnatcd or varnished textile, paper or press board 55
Laminates bonded with :
melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde or phenol-furfural
resins 70 ( 160)
urea-formaldehyde resin 50 ( 135)
Ivlouldings of:
phenol-formaldehyde Gth cellulose fillers 70 ( 160)
phenol-formaldehyde with mineral fillers 85 ( 185)
melamine-formaldehyde 60 (135)
urea-formaldehyde 50 ( 135)
Polyester with glass-fibre reinfxcement 95
Silicone rubber 130
Polytetrafluoroethylene 250
*T signifies the maximum operating temperature. For the purpose of this tcct,
switches and thermostats marked with individual ratings may be considered as having
no marking for the maximum operating temperature, if requested by the appliance
manufacturer.
tThe values in parentheses apply, if the material is used for handles, knobs, grips and
the like and is in contact with hot metal.
( Continued )

36
 IS :302 -1979

TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE RISE - Contd

PARTS TEMPERATUREFUSE

Pure mica and tightly sintered ceramic material, when such materials
are used as supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation 385
Thermoplastic material* -

Wood, in general? 50
wooden supports, walls, ceiling and floor of the test corner and wood
cabinets :
stationary appliances specifically mentioned in individual appli-
ance specification as liable to be operated continuously for long
periods 45
other appliances 50

Outer surface of capacitors :

with marking of maximum operating temperature ( T ) T-50
without marking of maximum operating temperature :
small ceramic capacitors for radio and television interference
suppression 35
other capacitors 5

External enclosure of appliances without heating elements, except

handles held in normal use 45

Handles, knobs, grips and the like which, in normal use, are continu-
ously held ( e.g. of soldering irons ) :
of metal 15
of porcelain or vitreous material 25
of moulded material, rubber or wood 35

Handles, knobs, grips and the like which, in normal use, are held for
short periods only ( e.g. of switches ) :
of metal 20
of porcelain or vitreous material 30
of moulded material, rubber or wood 45

Parts in contact with oil having a flash-point of t°C t-50

Any point where the insulation of wires can come into contact with
parts of a terminal block or compartment for fixed wiring of a sta-
tionary appliance not provided with a power supply cord :
where the instructions sheet requires supply of wire with T-marking T-40
in other cases 35
NOTE-If these or other materials are used, they shall not be subjected to tempera-
tures in excess of the thermal capabilities as determined by ageing tests made on the
materials themselves.
*There is no specific limit for thermoplastic material which must withstand the tests of
30.1 or 30.2, for which purpose the temperature rise must be determined.
+The limit specified concerns the deterioration of wood and it does not take into account
deterioration of surface finishes.

37
IS : 302 - 1979

11.9 For appliances provided with an automatic cord real, one-third of

the total length of the cable or cord is unreeled. The temperature-rise
of the rubber or ployvinyl chloride insulation is then determined as near
as possible to the hub of the reel and between the two outermost layers of
the cable or cord on the reel.
The temperature-rise of insulation shall not exceed the values specified
in Table 1 and the temperature rise of the slide contact of the reel shall not
exceed 65°C.
11.10 Accelerated ageing tests on insulating systems of motor windings
are under consideration.

12. OPERATION UNDER OVERLOAD CONDITIONS OF

APPLIANCES WITH HEATING ELEMENTS

12.1 Appliances with heating elements shall be so designed and constructed

that they withstand overloads liable to occur in normal use.
Compliance is checked by the test of 12.2 and, if applicable, by the
test of 12.3.
After the tests, the appliance shall show no damage within the
meaning of this standard.
In particular, heating wires, internal wiring and the general assembly
shall not show such deformation that creepage distances and clearances are
reduced below the values specified in 29.1. Contacts and connections shall
not have worked loose.
12.2 Hand-held appliances are suspended in their normal position, in still
air.
Appliances normally used on the floor or a table arc placed on a
horizontal support, away from walls.
Appliances normally fixed to a wall are fixed to a wall, as near as
possible to the floor or to a ceiling, as is likely to occur in normal use, unless
specific instructions are given by the manufacturer.
The appliance is subjected to 15 cycles, each cycle comprising an
operating period as specified in 11.7, in accordance with conditions of
adequate heat discharge, and a cooling period sufficient to allow the
appliance to cool down to approximately room temperature.
Throughout the operating period, all heating elements that can be
operated at the same time are in circuit, the supply voltage being such that
the input is:
1.33 times the rated input, for appliances having a rated input not
exceeding 100 W;

38
 IS : 302- 1979

l-27 times the rated input or 1.21 times the rated input plus 12 W,
whichcvcr is the greater, for appliances having a rated input exceeding
100 w.
If a self-resetting thermal cut-out or a non-self-resetting thermal
cut-out which is accessible and can be reset without the aid of a tool operates,
the operating period is co,isidered to be ended. The appliance is then
allowed to cool down and the cut-out is reset for the next cycle.
During the test, non-self-resetting thermal cut-outs which are only
accessible with the aid of a tool or which require the replacement of a part
shall not operate and no vapour or ignitable gas shall accumulate in the
app!iance.
NOTE 1- Forced cooling may be used for the purpose of shortening the cooling
period.
NOTE 2 - For appliances incorporating a motor the operation ofwhich may affect
the conditions of the heating elements, the motor is operated from a separate supply
at rated voltage and under normal load.

12.3 Appliances provided with a pressure switch arc subjected to an

additional test under the conditions specified in 12.2, but the operating
and cooling periods arc each approximately 5 minutes and the current is
interrupted by controlling the working pressure.

13. ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND LEAKAGE CURRENT AT

OPERATING TEMPERATURE

13.1 The electrical insulation of the appliance at operating temperature

shall be adequate and the leakage current in normal use shall not be excessive.
Compliance is checked by the test given in 13.2 and, for heating appli-
ances, by the additional test given in 13.3, the appliance being operated in
accordance with conditions of adequate heat discharge and/or under normal
load for the time specified in 11.7.
Heating appliances other than combined appliances are operated with
all heating elements in circuit, the supply voltage being such that the input
is 1.15 times the maximum rated input.
Motor-operated appliances and combined appliances are operated at
a supply voltage equal to l-06 times the rated voltage.
Three-phase appliances which are also suitable for single-phase supply
are tested as single-phase appliances with the three sections connected in
parallel.
The tests are made while the appliunce is connected to the supply,
except that for three-phase appliances not suitable for single-phase supply
the test given in 13.3 is made immediately after the appliance has been
disconnected from the supply.

39
IS : 302 - 1979

13.2 Leakage Current Test

13.2.1 The leakage current is measured between any pcle of the supply
and
a) Accessible metal parts and metal foil with an area not exceeding
20 x 10 cm in contact with accessible surfaces of insulating material,
connected together.
b) Metal parts of Class II appliances, separated from live parts by
basic insulation only. The measuring circuits are as follows:
1) For single-phase appliances having a rated voltage not exceed-
ing 250 V, for three-phase appliances to be tested as single-
phase appliances and for heating appliances for dc only;
if of Class II, Fig. 4,
if other than Class II, Fig. 5.
2) For single-phase appliances having a rated voltage exceeding
250 V and for three-phase appliances not suitable for single-
phase supply;
if of Class II, Fig. 6,
if other than Class II, Fig. 7.
Single-phase appliances having a rated voltage exceeding 250 V are
connected to two of the phase conductors, the remaining phase conductor
not being used.
The resistance of the measuring circuit is 2 000 & 100 n, and if it
is suspected that high-frequency currents are being generated in a motor-
operated appliance, the measuring instrument has an accuracy of at least
5 percent for’all frequencies within the range of 20 Hz to 5 000 Hz, but is
insensitive to higher frequencies.
The test is made with ac, unless the appliance is for dc only, in which
case the test is made with dc except that motor-operated appliances for dc
only are not tested.
For single-phase appliances having a rated voltage not exceeding
250 V and for three-phase appliances to be tested as single-phase appliances,
the leakage current is measured with the selector switch shown in Fig. 4 and
5, in each of the positions 1 and 2.
For other appliances, the leakage current is measured with the switches,
a, b and c, shown in Fig. 6 and 7, closed; for three-phase appliances not
suitable for single-phase supply, the measurements are repeated with each
of the switches a, b and c open in turn, the other two switches being closed;
for single-phase appliances, the measurements are repeated with one of the
switches open.

40
 IS : 302- 1979

rACCESSIBLE PART
-INACCESSIBLE METAL PART

-FUNCTIONAL
INSULATION
DOUBLE
-SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION
INSULATION 3
\
LREINF( CEO INSULA’

mA

1 8 2

47

FIG. 4 DIAGRAMFORLEAKAGECURRENTMEASUREMENT AT OPERATING

TEMPERATURE FORSINGLE-PHASECONNECTIONOF CLASSII APPLIANCES

FIG. 5 DIAGRAM FORLEAKAGECURRENTMEASUREMENT AT OPERATING

TEMPERATUREFOR SINGLE-PHASE
CONNECTIONOF APPLIANCES
OTHERTHAN THOSEOF CLASSII

41
IS : 302 - 1979
rACCESSIBLE PART
~~~ccEssim_E METAL PART

1
13~~6 DIAGRAM FORLEAKAGEMEASURE~~ENTAT OPERATING
TEMPERATURE
FORTHREE-PHASECONNECllONOF CLASSII APPLIANCES

FIG. 7 DIAGRAM FORLEAKAGECURRENTMEASUREMENT AT OPERATING

TEMPERATUREFORTHREE-PHASECONNECTIONOF APPLIANCES
OTHERTHAN THOSEOF CLASSII
42
 IS : 302 - 1979

After an operating time as specified in 11.7, the leakage current shall

not exceed the following values:
For Class I appliances the leakage current which may flow from
the live parts to the accessible metal parts and metal foil on external
insulating material connected together shall not exceed 300 PA ( peak )
that is 210 PA ( rms).
For Class II appliances the leakage current from live parts to the
inner non-current carrying metal shall not exceed 300 PA ( peak )
that is 210 PA ( rms) whereas the leakage current from the live parts
to the metal foil wrapping ( for all insulated appliances ) or the external
metal and metal foil wrapping connected together ( for double insula-
ted appliances ) shall not exceed 60 PA ( peak ) that is 42.5 PA ( nns )
If the appliance incorporates one or more capacitors and is provided
with a single-pole switch, the measurements are repeated with the switch
ii1 the ‘off’ position.

NOTE 1 - The test with the switch in the ‘off’ position is made to verify that capaci-
tors connected behind a single-pole switch do not cause an excessive leakage current.

NOTE 2 - Appliance shall be well insulated from earth during lrakage current mea-
surements. Earthing connections shall not be made during the leakage current tes:.

13.3 High Voltage Test

13.3.1 The insulation other than that of motors is subjected for 1 minute
to a voltage of substantially sine-wave form, having a frequency of 50 Hz
or 60 Hz. For single-phase appliances and three-phase appliances to be
tested as single-phase appliances, the connections are as shown in Fig. 8.
The test voltage is applied between live parts and the body and, for
Class II appliances, between live parts and parts separated from live parts
by basic insulation only, in addition, for Class II appliances, the test voltage
is applied between nietal parts separated from live parts by basic insulation
only and the body.
The value of the test voltage is:
500 V for basic insulation subjected in normal use to a safety extra-
low voltage;
1 000 V for other basic insulation;
2 750 V for supplementary insulation; and
3 750 V for reinforced insulation.
Initially, not more than half the prescribed voltage is applied. than
it is raised rapidly to the full value.

43
IS : 302 - 1979

HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

--

FIG. 8 DIAGRAM FOR ELECTRIC STRENGTH TEST AT OPERATING

TEMPERATURE

No flashover or breakdown shall occur during the test. Glow

discharges without drop in voltage are neglected.
The high-voltage transformer used for the test has a rating of at least
500 VA.

If the secondary winding of the isolating transformer is not provided

with a tap at the midpoint, the output winding of the high-voltage transfor-
mer can be connected to the midpoint of a potentiometer having a total
resistance not exceeding 2 000 Q, and connected across the output winding
of the isolating transformer.
NOTE - For motor-operated appliances, the high voltage test shall be as indicated in
the ielevant specification on motors. However, in case of a repeat high voltage test
on motor-operated appliance, the test voltage shall be 80 percent of the full value.

13.3.2When applied as a routine test, the high voltage test may also be
carried out as a flash test. The appliance may not be connected to the
supply and an ac voltage one and a half times the value given in 13.3 shall
be applied for a period of 5 seconds.

13.4 In case an appliance with heating element(s) is taken from shelf and
subjected to leakage current and high voltage tests in isolation, the tests shall
be conducted after 10 minutes of preheating.
44
 IS:302-1979

14. RADIO AND TELEVISION LNTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION

14.1 The incorporation of components necessary to achieve an adequate

degree of radio and television interference suppression shall not adversely
affect the safety of the appliance.

15. MOISTURE RESISTANCE

15.1 The enclosure of drip-proof, splash-proof and watertight appliances

shall provide the degree of protection against moisture in accordance with
the classification of the appliance.
Compliance is checked by the appropriate treatment specified in 15.2.
Immediately after the appropriate treatment for drip-proof and splash-
proof appliances, the appliance shall withstand the electric strength test
specified in 16.4, and inspection shall show that water which may have en-
tered the appliance dots not impair compliance with this standard; in parti-
cular, there shall be no trace of water on insulation for which creepage
distances are specified in 29.1.
Immediately after the treatment for watertight appliances, the
appliance shall withstand the electric strength test specified in 16.4, with
the exception of the test already made on the immersed appliance.
Appliances which are not subject to spillage of liquid in normal use
are allowed to stand in normal test-room atmosphere for 24 hours before
being subjected to the test given in 15.4.
15.2 Appliances provided with an appliance inlet are fitted with an appro-
priate connector and flexible cable or cord; appliances with type X attach-
ments are fitted with the lightest permissible type of flexible cable or cord
of the smallest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2 and other appliances
are tested as delivered.
Electrical components, including detachable heating elements, covers
and other parts which can be removed without the aid of a tool are removed
and subjected, if necessary, to the relevant treatment with the main part.
Sealing rings or glands and other sealing means, if any, are aged in
an atmosphere having the composition and pressure of the ambient air by
suspending them freely in a heating cabinet ventilated by natural circulation.
They are kept in the cabinet at a temperature of 70f2”C, for 10 days
( 240 hours ).
Immediately afterwards, the samples are taken out of the cabinet and
left at room temperature, avoiding direct daylight, for at least 16 hours
before being reassembled. The glands and other sealing means are then

45
IS : 302- 1979

tightened with a torque equai to two-thirds of that applied during the test
given in 21.3.
NOTE- The use ofan electrically-heated cabinet is recommended. Natural circula-
tion may be provided by holes in the walls of the cabinet.

Drip-proof appliances are subjected for 5 min to the vertical rain test.
Splash-proof appliances are:
a) if hand-held, subjected for 5 minutes to the vertical rain test, the
appliance being turned continuously through the most unfavou-
rable positions;
b) if normally fixed to a ceiling, subjected for 5 minutes to the vertical
rain test, followed by 10 minutes subjection to the oblique rain test,
which is followed by 5 minutes subjection to the splash test; and
c) if neither hand-held nor normally fixed to a ceiling, subjected for
10 minutes to the oblique rain test, followed by 5 minutes subjection
to the splash test.
Watertight appliances are subjected for 24 hours to the immersion
test.
15.2.1 Vertical Ruin Test
15.2.1.1 For the vertical rain test, the rain falls vertically from an
apparatus similar to that shown in Fig. 9, which delivers 3 mm of rain per
minute, uniformly distributed over the sample.
15.2.1.2 Appliances normally fixed to a wall or a ceiling are fixed in
the normal position of USC, to a wooden board, if necessary, this board
having dimensions which are equal to those of the surface of the appliance
in contact with the wall or the ceiling.
15.2.1.3 The wooden board itself is supported so that the nozzles of
the rain apparatus are 2 m above the uppermost point of the appiiance,
for appliances, normally fixed to a wall, or above the surface to which the
appliance is fixed, for appliances normally fixed to a ceiling.
15.2.1.4 Other appliances, except hand-held appliances, are placed in
the normal position of use, so that the nozzles of the rain apparatus are 2 m
above the uppermost point of the appliance.

15.2.2 Oblique Rain Test

15.2.2.1 For the oblique rain test, the spray apparatus shown in Fig. 10,
is used, which comprises a tube formed into a semi-circle. The radius
of the circle is 200 mm or a multiple of 200 mm and is as small as is compa-
tible with the size and position of the sample. The tube is perforated so
that jets of water are directed towards the centre of the circle, and the water
pressure at the inlet to the apparatus is equivalent to a head of about IO m

46
IS : 302- 1979

The tube is caused to oscillate through an angle of IZO”, 60” on either side
of the vertical, the time for one complete oscillation ( 2 x 120” ) being about
4 seconds.

Inside diameter of tube 15 mm. Holes 0.4 mm in diameter at 50 mm centres

through wall inside bend of tube, over an arc subtending an angle of
60° on either side of the vertical.
FIG. 10 SPRAY APPARATUS
15.2.2.2 Appliances normally fixed to a wall or a ceiling are mounted
as in normal use on a wooden board having dimensions which are 15 f 5 cm
in excess of those of the orthogonal projection of the appliance on the board.
15.2.2.3 Other appliances are placed on a support having dimensions
which are at least 5 cm in excess of those of the orthogonal projection of the
appliance on the support.
15.2.2.4 The sample is mounted or placed at the centre of the
semicircle formed by the tube so that its lowest part is level with the axis of
oscillation. The sample is turned about its vertical axis during the test.
15.2.3 Splash Test
15.2.3.1 For the splash test, the apparatus shown in Fig. 11 is used.
During the test, the water pressure is regulated so that the water splashes
up 15 cm above the bottom of the bowl. The bowl is placed on the floor
for appliances normally used on the floor and, for all other appliances, on a
horizontal support 5 cm below the lowest edge of the appliance; the bowl is
moved around so as to splash the appliance from all directions. Care is
taken that the appliance is not hit by the direct jet.

48
 IS :302 -1979

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 11 SPLASH APPARATUS

15.2.3.2 Appliances normally used on a working surface other than the

floor are placed on a supporting surface which has dimensions equal to the
surface of the appliance in contact with the support.
15.2.4 Water Immersion Tests
15.2.4.1 For the immersion test, the appliance is immersed in water
at a temperature of 27 & 5°C and containing approximately 1% NaCI, the
top of the appliance being about 5 cm below the water level, except that
appliances marked with maximum depth of immersion are immersed in

49
IS : 302 - 1979

accordance with this marking. Plugs, if any, are kept dry and the appli-
ante is operated in accordance with conditions of adequate heat discharge
and/or under normal load.
15.2.4.2 Appliances for continuous operation are operated for 12 periods
of I hour, with a rest period of 1 hour between each.
15.2.4.3 Appliances for short-time operation or for intermittent opera-
tion are operated in accordance with their marking for 12 cycles.
15.2.4.4 After this treatment, the appliance shall withstand while im-
mersed an electric strength test as specified in 16.4, the following test voltage
being only applied between live parts and the water:
500 V for Class III appliances,
3 750 V for Class II appliances, and
1 250 V for other appliances.
Class TII appliances having a rated voltage not exceeding IS.5 V are
not subjected to this electric strength test.
During this test, the pins of the plug, if any, are connected together
and mains switches, if any, are in the ‘on’ position.
NOTE 1 - For Class II appliances, the watertightness shall be achieved by means of
the supplementary insulation or the reinforced insulation, or by means of an enclosure
exterior to this insulation.
NOTE 2 - This test applies to appliances intended to be operated while immersed
in water and such appliances shall be marked with the symbol for watertight construc-
tion.
NOTE 3 --For appliances intended to be operated under dry conditions but which are
partially or completely immersed while cleaning or which may accidentally be dropped
into water while in operation, other tests may be specified in mdividual appliance spe-
cification. .If such appliances are marked with the symbol for watertight construction,
they must withstand the immersion test.

15.3 Appliances subject to spillage of liquid in normal USC shall be so

constructed that such spiilage does not affect their electrical insulation.
Compliance is cheched by the following test.
Appliances provided with an appliance inlet are fitted with an appro-
priate connector and flexible cable or cord. Appliances with Type X attach-
ment are fitted with the lightest permissible type of flexible cable or cord
of the smallest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2 and other appliances are
tested as delivered.
The liquid container of the appliance is completely filled with
water containing approximately 1 percent sodium chloride, and a
further quantity, equal to 15 percent of the capacity of the container
or 0.25 1, whichever is the greater, is poured in steadily over a period
of 1 minute.

50
 IS : 302- 1979

Immediately after this treatment, the appliance shall withstand an

electric strength test as specified in 16.4 and inspection shall show that
water which may have entered the appliance does not impair com-
pliance with this standard; in particular, there shall be no trace of water
on insulation for which creepage distances are specified in 29.1.
The appliance is allowed to stand in normal test-room atmosphere
for 24 hours before being subjected to the test given in 15.4.
15.4 Appliances shall be proof against humid conditions which may occur
in normal use.
Compliance is checked by the humidity treatment described in this
clause, followed immediately by the tests given in 16.
Cable entries, if any, are left open; if knock-outs are provided, one
of them is opened.
Electrical components, including detachable heating elements, covers
and other parts which can be removed without the aid of a tool, are removed
and subjected, if necessary, to the humidity treatment with the main part.
The humidity treatment is carried out in a humidity cabinet contain-
ing air with a relative humidity of not less than 95 percent. The tempera-
ture of the air, at all places where samples can be located, is maintained at
any convenient value t between 35°C and 45°C.
Before being placed in the humidity cabinet, the sample is brought
to a temperature between t and t + 4%.
The sample is kept in the cabinet for :
2 days (48 hours ) for ordinary appliances, and
7 days ( 168 hours) for drip-proof, splash-proof and watertight appli-
ances.
In most cases, the sample may be brought to the specified temperature
by keeping it at this temperature for at least 4 hours before the humidity
treatment. A relative humidity of approximately 95 percent can be obtained
by placing in the humidity cabinet a saturated solution of sodium sulphate
( Na,SO, ) or potassium nitrate ( KNOs ), in water, having a sufficiently
large contact surface with the air.
In order to achieve the specified conditions within the cabinet, it is
necessary to ensure constant circulation of the air within and, in general, to
use a cabinet which is thermally insulated.
After this treatment, the appliance shall show no damage within the
meaning of this standard.

51
IS : 302 - 1979

16. INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH ( AFTER

HUMIDITY TREATMENT )

16.1 The insulation and electric strength of appliances shall be adequate.

Compliance is checked, for heating appliances, by the tests given in
16.2 and 16.4 and, for motor-operated appliances, by the tests given in
16.3 and 16.4, which are made on the cold appliance, not connected to the
suppiy, after the test given in 15.4, in the humidity cabinet or in the room in
which the sample was brought to the prescribed temperature, after reassem-
bly of those parts which may have been removed.
16.2 A test voltage, dc for appliances for dc only and ac for all other appli-
ances, is applied as specified in Items 1 and 4 of the table of 16.4, the metal
foil having a size not exceeding 20 cm x 10 cm and being moved, if neces-
sary, so as to test all parts of the surface. In addition, for Class II appli-
ances, the test voltage is applied between live parts and metal parts separa-
ted from live parts by basic insulation only.
The test voltage is :
4 1.06 times the rated voltage, or 1.06 times the upper limit of the
rated voltage range, for appliances for dc only, for single-phase
appliances and for three-phase appliances which are also suitable
for single-phase supply, if the rated voltage or the upper limit of
the rated voltage range does not exceed 250 V;
b) I.06 times V the rated voltage, or 1.06 times the upper limit of the
rated voltage range, divided by d/for other appliances.
The leakage current measured after the application of the test
voltage shall not exceed the values given in 13.2.
NOTE - In general heating appliances may be operated up to 10 minutes
before leakage current measurements.

The values specified in 13.2 are doubled :

if the appliance has no control device other than a thermal cutout,
a thermostat without an ‘off’ position or an energy regulator with-
out and ‘off’ position; and
if all control devices have an ‘off’ position with a contact opening
of at least 3 mm and all-pole disconnection.
However, for Class II appliances, the value specified in 13.2 can only
be doubled if all control devices have an ‘off’ position with a contact open-
ing of at least 3 mm and all-pole disconnection.
16.3 The insulation resistance is measured with a dc voltage of approxima-
tely 500 V applied, the measurement being made 1 minute after application
of the voltage, heating elements, if any, being disconnected.

52
 IS : 302- 1979

The insulation resistance shall be not less than that shown in the follow-
ing table :
Insulatiorz to be Test& Insulation
Resistance
(Mn)
Between live parts and the body :
for basic insulation 2
for reinforced insulation 7
Between live parts and metal parts of Class II appliances
which are separated from live parts by basic insulation
only 2
Between metal parts of class II appliances which are separated
from live parts by basic insulation only and the body 5
16.4 Immediately after the test given in 16.2 for heating appliances,
or 16.3 for motor-operated appliances, the insulation is subjected for 1 minute
to a voltage of substantially sine-wave form, having a frequency of 50 Hz
or 60 Hz. The value of the test voltage and the points of application are
shown in the following table :
Test Voltage
Sl Points of Appiication of Test r---- --h.-....-----~
NO. Voltage Class III Class II Other
appliances appliances appliances
V V V
1. Between live parts and parts of the body
that are, separated from live parts by :
basic insulation only 500 - 1000
reinforced insulation - 3 750 3 750
2. Between live parts of different polarity 500 1 250 1000
3. For parts with double insulation, bet-
ween metal parts separated from live
parts by basic insulation only and :
live parts - 1 250 1000
the body - 2500 2 500
4. Between metal enclosures or covers
lined with insulating material and metal
foil in contact with the inner surface of
the lining, if the distance between live
parts and these metal enclosures or
covers, measured through the lining, is
less than the appropriate clearance as
specified in clause 29.1 - 2500 1000

53
IS :302-1979
Test Voltage
SI Points of Application of Test r__--_--_h__-__-_,
No. Voltage Class III Class II Other
appliances appliances appliances
V V V
5. Between metal foil in contact with
handles, knobs, grips and the like and
their shafts, if these shafts can become
live in the event of an insulation fault - 2500 2 500
6. Between the body and either the power
supply cord wrapped with metal foil or
a metal rod of the same diameter as the
power supply cord, inserted in its place,
fitted in inlet bushings of insulating
material, cord guards, cord anchorages
and the like - 2 500 1000
7. Between the point where a winding and
a capacitor are connected together, if
a resonance voltage U occurs between
this point and any terminal for external
conductors, and :
the body - - 211+1ooo
metal parts separated from live parts
by basic insulation only - 2U-t- 1000 -
NOTE 1 - The test between the live parts of different polarity is only made where
the necessary disconnections can he made without damaging the appliance.

NOTE 2 - The test between the point where a winding and a capacitor are connected
together, and the body or metal parts, is only made where the insulation is subjected
to the resonance voltage under normal running conditions. Other parts are dis-
connected and the capacitor is short-circuited.

NOTE 3 - The test is not made between the contacts of switches of micro-gap cons-
truction, motor-starting switches, relays, thermostats, thermal cut-outs and the like,
or on the insulation of capacitors connected between hve parts of different polarity.

Initially, not more than half the prescribed voltage is applied, then
it is raised rapidly to the full value.
No flashover or breakdown shall occur during the test.
Care is taken that the metal foil is so pliced that no flashovcr occurs
at the edges of the insulation.
For Class II appliances incorporating both reinforced insulation and
double insulation, care is taken that the voltage applied to the reinforced
insulation does not overstress the basic insulation or the supplementary
insulation.

54
 IS : 302 - 1979

When testing insulating coatings, the metal foil may be pressed against
tl~c insulation by means of a sandbag of such a size that the pressure is about
0.5 Njcm2. The test may be limited to places where the insulation is likely
to bc weak, for cxamplc where there are sharp metal edges under the insula-
tion.
If practicsble, insulating linings are tested separately.

17. OVERLOAD PROTECTION

17.1 Appliances incorporating circuits supplied from a transformer shall

be so constructed that, in the event of short circuits which are likely to
occur in normal use, excessive temperatures do not occur in the transformer
or in the associated circuits.
Compliance is checked by applying the most unfavourable short cir-
cuit or overload which is likely to occur in normal use, the appliance being
operated at a voltage qua1 to 1.06 or 0.94 times the rated voltage, whichever
is the more unfavourable.
The temperature rise of the insulation of the conductors of safety extra-
low voitaqc circuits is determined and shall not exceed the relevant value
spccilicd iYi ‘Table I by more than 15°C. The winding temperature of krans-
formcrs should not exceed the value specified for windings in 19.6 or 19.8.
Korlr. 1 - Examples of short circuits which are likely to occur in normal use are the
short-circuiting of bare or inadequately insulated conductors of safety extra-low voltage
circuits lvhich are acccssiblt, and the internal short-circuiting of lamp filaments.
NOTE 2 --A failure of insulation complying Gth the requil-cments specilied for
basic insulation Class I or Class II construction is not, for the purpose of this
requiremerit, considered as likely to occur in normal use.
NOTE 3 - Protection of transformer windings may be obtained by the inherent im-
pedance of the windings, or by means of fuses, automatic switches, thermai cut-outs
or similar devices incorporated in the transformer or located inGde the appliance,
provided these devices are only accessible with the aid of a tool.

18. ENDURANCE

18.1 Appliances shall be so constructed that, in normal use, there will

be no electrical or mechanical failure that might impair compliance with
this standard. The insulation shall not be damaged and contacts and
connections shall not work loose as a result of heating, vibration, etc.
Moreover. overload m-otection devices shall not operate under normal
running conditions. A
For motor-operated appliances, compliance is checked by the tests
of 18.2 and 18.6, and by such of the additional tests of 18.3 to 18.5 as are
applicable.

55
IS : 302- 1979

For heating appliances, tests are specified in individual appliance

specifications, where necessary.
NOTE - For the purpose of endurance test on heating appliances, the operating
time for the test specified in 11, 12 and 13 is included.

18.2 The appliance is operated under normal load and at a voltage equal
to 1.1 times rated voltage for a time equal to that shown in the following
table, reduced by the running time necessary for the tests given in 11 and
13 and, for motor-operated appliances with heating elements, by the run-
ning time necessary for the tests given in 12.
The appliance is then operated under normal load and at a voltage
equal to 0.9 times rated voltage for the time shown in the following table :
Type of Appliance Operating
Time
Appliances having a prospective total operating hours
time less than 15 hours a year 15
Other appliances 48
Appliances for continuous operation are operated continuously. or
for a corresponding number of periods, each period being not less than
8 hours.
The operating period for appliances for short-time or intermittent
operation is equal to the operating time, if this is limited by the construction
of the appliance; otherwise, it is in accordance with the prescriptions given
in individual appliance specification, or with the marking, whichever is the
more unfavourable.
If the temperature rise of any part of an appliance for short-time
operation exceeds the temperature rise measured during the test given in 11,
rest periods or forced cooling are introduced.
Individual appliance specifications shall indicate which appliances
are considered to have a prospective total operating time less than 15 hours
a year.
The specified operating time is the actual running time. If the appli-
ance incorporates more than one motor, the operating times specified apply
to each motor separately.
18.3 Appliances other than those for short-time operation are started under
normal load, 50 times at a voltage equal to 1.1 times the rated voltage and
50 times at a voltage equal to 0.85 times the rated voltage, the duration of
each period of supply being at least equal to ten times the time necessary
from start to full speed, but not less than 10 seconds.
An interval sufficient to prevent overheating and at least equal to three
times the period of supply is introduced after each running period.

56
 IS : 302- 1979

Appliances for short-time operation are started, under the conditions

specified above, 50 times at a voltage equal to 0.85 times the rated voltage.
18.4 Appliances provided with a centrifugal or other automatic starting
switch are started 10 000 times under normal load and at a voltage equal to
0.9 times the rated voltage, the operating cycles being that speciiied in 18.3.
KOTE - Forced cooling may be used, if necessary.

18.5 During the tests of 18.2 and 18.3, overload protection devices shall
not operate.
After the tests of 18.2 to 18.4, the appliance shall withstand the tests
of 16, the limits for the insulation resistance being, however, reduced by
50 percent.
Connections, handles, guards, brush-caps and other fittings or com-
ponents shall not have worked loose, and there shall be no deterioration
impairing safety in normal use.

19. ABNORMAL OPERATION

19.1 Appliances shall be so designed that the risk of fix, mechanical damage
impairing safety or the protection against electric shock as a result of abnor-
mal or careless operation is obviated as far as is practicable.
For appliances with heating elements compliance is checked as follows :
For appliances provided with controls which limit the tempsra-
ture during the test of 11 and which arc intended for :
1) building in,
2) for use unattended, or
3) have a capacitor not protected by a fuse or the like connected
in parallel with the contacts of thermostat, by the tests of
19.2 and if necessary by the tests of 19.3 followed by the tests
of 19.4.
For appliances for short-time operation, by the test of 19.2 and,
if necessary, by the test of 19.3 followed by the test of 19.5.
For other appliances, by the test of 19.2 and, if necessary, by the
test of 19.3.
For Class II appliances, the test of 19.4 is made on all appliances
provided with a control which limits the temperature during the
test of 11.
in any of the tests, a non-self-resetting thermal cut-out operates,
a heating element ruptures or if the current is otherwise interrupted before
steady conditions are established, the heating period is considered to be
ended, but if the interruption is due to the rupture of a heating element 0~

57
IS : 302- 1979

of an intentionally weak part, the relevant test is repeated on a second

sample which shall then also comply with the conditions specified in 19.11.
Rupture of a heating element or of an intentionally weak part in the
second sample will not in itself entail a rejection.
For motor-operated appliances without heating elements compliance
is checked by the tests of 19.6 to 19.10 as applicable.
For combined appliances, a!1 tests are carried out, if necessary, for
obtaining the most severe conditions, the motor part and the heating part
being operated simultaneously at the prescribed voltage and input respec-
tively.
Fuses, thermal cut-outs, overcurrent releases or the like, incorporated
into the appliance, may be used to provide the necessary protection.
If more than one of the tests are applicable for the same appliance,
these tests are made consecutively.
Provisions of 19.11 apply to all appliances.
19.2 Appliances with heating elements are tested under the conditions
specilicd in 11, but without adequate heat discharge, the supply voltage
being such that the input is 0.85 times the rated input.
If a non-self-resetting thermal cut-out operates, or if the current is
othzrwisc interrupted before steady conditions are established, the operating
period is considered to be ended and the test of 19.3 is not made.
If interruption of the current does not occur, the appliance is switched
off as soon as steady conditions are established, and is allowed to cool
down to approximately room temperature. The appliance is then subjected
to the test of 19.3.
NOTE - The conditions without adequate discharge are generally well understood,
but if any guidance is needed in this regard, it may be given in individual appliance
specification.

For appliances for short-time operation, the duration of the test is

equal to the rated operating time.
19.3 The rest of 19.2 is repeated, but with a supply voltage such that the
input is 1.24 times the rated input.
NOTE - In case of doubt, a test is made with the most unfavourable supply voltage
between the limits specified in 19.2 and 19.3.

19.4 The test of 19.3 is repeated, but with the appliance operated in actor-
dance with conditions of adequate heat discharge and with any control
which limits the temperature during the test of 11, short-circuited.
NOTE - If the appliance is provided with more than one control, these are short-
circuited in turn.

58
 IS : 302- 1979

19.5 The test of 19.3 is repeated, but with the appliance operated in accor-
dance with conditions of adequate heat discharge until steady conditions
are established, irrespective of the rated operating time.
NOTI? - For this test, the controls are not short-circuited.

19.6 A stalled-motor test is made by locking moving parts, if the appliance:

a) has moving parts liable to be jammed,
b) has motors with a locked rotor torque smaller than the full load
torque,
c) has motors to be started by hand,
d) is intended to be remotely or automatically controlled,
e) is liable to be operated while unattended.
If an appliance has more than one motor, the test is made for each
motor separately.
Alternative tests for protected motor units are given in Appendix E.
Individual appliance specifications shall indicate which appliances have
moving parts liable to bc jammed or arc liable to be operated while
unattended.
Appliances incorporating motors having capacitors in the circuit of an
auxiliary winding are operated with the rotor locked, the capacitors, one at
a time, being short-circuited or open-circuited whichever is the more un-
favourablc, unless the appliance is not intended for use unattended and the
motor is provided with a capacitor complying with IS : 2993-1975”.
NOTE - This test is made with the rotor locked because certain motors with
capacitors’ might or might not start so that variable results could be obtained.

For each of the tests, the appliance, starting from room temperature
not exceeding 4O”C, is operated at rated voltage or at the upper limit of the
rated voltage range for a period of :
a) 30 seconds for hand-held appliances, appliances which have to be
kept switched on by hand, and appliances which are continuously
loaded by hand; or
b) 5 minutes or, if a timer is provided, equal to the maximum period
allowed by the timer, for other appliances which are not intended
for use unattended; or
c) as long as is necessary to established steady conditions or, if a timer
is provided, equal to the maximum period allowed by the timer,
for the remaining appliances.
NOTE - Appliances which are automatically or remotely controlled are regarded as
appliances which are intended for use unattended.

*Specification for motor capacitor (Jirst fcoirion ).

59
 IS :302 -1979

At the end of the test period specified, or at the instant of operation

of fuses, thermal cut-outs, motor protection devices and the like. the tenmcra-
ture-rise of the windings shall not exceed the values shown in the following
table :
T~‘ppcof AppIimce Limiting Tenlpc~ntlisc-Rise”’
r-- ---__-h----_-_~
Ciass A Class E Class B
“C “C “C
Appliances provided with a timer and not
intcndcd for USC unattended and appli-
ances to bc operated for 30 s or 5 min 160 175 185
Other appliances :
if impedance-protected 110 135 135
if protected by protection devices which
opcratc during the first hour, maximum
VRIUC 160 175 IS5
after first hour, maximum value 1X 150 160
after first hour, arithmetic average 110 125 135
19.7 Ap!>Iianccs incorporating three-phase motors ~1: opcr,ttcd under
normal load, with one phase disconnected, for a period a< spccificd in 19.6.
Further details of this test are under consideration,
19.8 A running overload test is made on appliances incorporating motors
which are either intended to be remotely or automatically controlled, or
liable to be operated continuously while unattended, the appliance being
operated under normal load, at rated voltage or at the upper limit of the
rated voltage’ range, until steady conditions are established.
The load is then increased in appropriate steps so that the current
through the motor windings is raised, the supply voltage being maintained
at its original value. When new steady conditions are established, the load
is again increased. This operation is repeated until the overload protection
device operated.
The winding temperature is continuously measured and noted during
each period of steady conditions, and the maximum temperature-rise value
recorded over ambient temperature not exceeding 40°C shall not exceed *
100°C; for Class A material
115°C; for Class E material
125°C; for Class B material
If the load cannot be increased in appropriate steps in the appliance,
it will be necessary to remove the motor from the appliance and to test the
I motor separately.
*Values for class F and H materiala are under consideration.

60
 IS : 302- 1979

Individual appliance specification shall indicate which appliances are

liable to be operated continuously while unattended.
Va!ues for Class F and H materials are under consideration.
Alternative tests for protected motor units are given in Appendix E.
19.9 Appliancesfor short time, or intermittent operation, other than :
hand-held appliances,
appliances which have to be kept switched on by hand,
appliances which are continuously loaded by hand, and
appliances with a timer,
are operated under normal load and at rated voltage or at the upper
limit of the rated voltage range, until steady conditions are established, or
until the thermai
. ..__ cut-out . operates : When
_. steady conditions are established
or immediately betore the operation of the thermal cut-out, the temperature
of the windings shall not exceed the values specified in 19.8.
NOTE - If in normal use the appliance u&ads itself after a certain period, the test
is continued with the appliance running idle.

19.10Appliances incorporating series motors are operated at a voltage

equal to 1.3 times the rated voltage, for 1 minute, with the lowest possible
load.
After this test, the safety of the appliance shall not have been impai-
red; in particular, windings and connections shall not have worked loose.
19.11 During the tests of 19.2 to 19.9, the appliance shall not emit flames
or molten metal, or poisonous or ignitable gas in hazardous amounts, en-
closures shall not deform to such an extent as will impair compliance with
this standard and temperature rises shall not exceed the values shown in the
following table :
Parts Temperature Rise
“C
Walls, ceiling and floor of the test corner* 15Q
Insulation of the supply cable or cord* 150
Supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation, 1.5 times the
other than those of thermoplastic materials relevant value
specified in 11.8
*For motor-operated appliances without heating elements, these temperature rises are
normally not determined.

61
IS :302 -1979

After the tests, the insulation of appliances other than those of Class
III, when cooled down to approximately room temperature, shall withstand
an electric strength test as specified in 16.4, the test voltage being :
1 000 V for basic insulation,
2 750 V for supplementary insulation, and
3 750 V for reinforced insulation.
For supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation of thermoplas-
tic material, the test of 30.1 is made at the maximum temperature measured
during these tests increased by 40°C or at 75°C whichever is higher.
For appliances which are immersed in, or filled with conducting liquid
in normal use, the sample is immersed in, or filled with water, as appropriate,
for 24 hours before the electric strength test is made.
NOTE - The humidity treatment of 15.4 is not applied before this electric strength
test.

20. STABILITY AND MECHANICAL HAZARDS

20.1 Appliances, other than fixed appliances and hand-held appliances,
intended to be used on a surface such as the floor or a table shall have
adequate stability.
Compliance is checked by the following test, appliances provided with
an appliance inlet being fitted with an approprrate connector and flexible
cable or cord.
The appliance is placed, with the motor switched off in case of motor
operated appliance, in any normal position of use on a plane inclined at an
angle of 10” to the horizontal, the cabIe or cord resting on the inclined pI:lne
in the most unfavourable position. If, however, the appliance is such that,
were it to be tilted through an angle of 10” when standing on a horizontal
plane, a part of it not normally in contact with the supporting surface would
touch the horizontal plane, the appliance is placed on a horizontal support
and tilted in the most unfavourable direction through an angle of 10”.
Appliances provided with doors are tested with the doors open or
closed, whichever is the more unfavourable.
Appliances intended to be filled with liquid by the user in normal USC
are tested empty or filled with the most unfavourable quantity of water not
exceeding the rated capacity.
The appliances shall not overturn.
For combined appliances, the test is carried out with the angle of
inclination or tilt of 15”.
If such an appliance overturns in one or more positions, it is subjected
to the test of 11 in all these overturned positions.

62
 IS : 302 - 1979

During this test, temperature rises shall not exceed the values shown
in the table of 19.11.
NOTE-The test on the horizontal plane may, for example, be necessary for
appliances provided with rollers, castors or feet.

20.2 Moving parts of motor-operated appliances shall, as far as is compa-

tible with the use and working of the appliance, be so arranged or enclosed
as to provide, in normal use, adequate protection against personal injury.
Protective enclosures, guards and the like shall have adequate
mechanical strength. They shall not be removable without the aid of a tool,
unless their removal is necessary in normal use.
Self-resetting thermal cut-outs and overcurrent releases shall not be
incorporated if their unexpected closure might cause danger.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by the test of 21 and by a test
with a standard test finger similar to that shown in Fig. I, but having a cir-
cular stop plate with a diameter of 50 mm, instead of the non-circular plate.
For appliances provided with movable devices such as those intended
for varying the tension of belts, the test with the test finger is made with these
devices adjusted to the most unfavourable position within their range of
adjustment; if necessary, belts are removed.
It shall not be possible to touch dangerous moving parts with this finger.
Examples of appliances where complete protection is impracticable
are sewing-machines, food mixers and wringers.
Examples of appliances in which self-resetting thermal cut-outs and
overcurrent releases might cause danger arc food mixers and wringers.

21. MECHiNICAL STRENGTH

21.1 Appliances shall have adequate mechanical strength and be so con-

structed as to withstand such rough handling as may be expected in normal
use.
Compliance is checked by applying blovs to the sample, by means of
the spring-operated impact-test apparatus shown in Fig. 12.
The apparatus consists of three main parts, the body, the striking
element and the spring-loaded release cone.
The body comprises the housing, the striking element guide, the release
mechanism and all parts rigidly fixed thereto. The mass of this assembly is
1250 g.
The striking element comprises the hammer head, the hammer shaft
and the cocking knob. The mass of this assembly is 250 g.

63
 SHAMMER HEAD ‘%AMMER SPRING I COCKING KNOB
i HAMMER WAFT

FIG. 12 IMPACTTESTAPPARATUS

The hammer head has a hemispherical face of polyamide having a

Rockwell hardness of HR 100, with a radius of 10 mm; it is fixed to the ham-
mer shaft in such a way that the distance from its tip to the plane of the front
of the cone when the striking element is on the point of release is 20 mm.

The cone has a mass of 60 g and the cone spring is such that it exerts
a force of 20 N when the release jaws are on the point of releasing the
striking element.

The hammer spring is adjusted so that the product of the compression,

in millimetres, and the force exerted, in newtons, equals I 000, the com-
pression being approximately 20 mm. With this adjustment, the impact
energy is Ct.5 k 0.05 Nm.

The release mechanism springs are adjusted so that they exert just
su&cient pressure to keep the release jaws in the engaged position.

The apparatus is cocked by pulling the cocking knob until the release
jaws engage with the groove in the hammer shaft.

The blows are applied by pushing the .release cone against the sample
in a direction perpendicular to the surface at the point to be tested.

The pressure is slowly increased so that the cone moves back until it
is in contact with the release bars, which then move to operate the release
mechanism and allow the hammer to strike.

The sample as a whole is rigidly supported and three blows are applied
to every point of the enclosure that is likely to be weak.
 IS :3m-1979

To ensure that the sample is rigidly supported, it may be necessary to

place it against a solid wall of brick, concrete or the like, covered by a sheet
of polyamide which is tightly fixed to the wall, care being taken that there is
no appreciable air gap between the sheet and the wall. The sheet must have
a Rockwell hardness of HR 100, a thickness of at least 8 mm and a surface
area such that no part of the sample is mechanically overstressed due to
insufficient supporting area.
If necessary, the blows are also applied to handles, levers, knobs
and the like, and to signal lamps and their covers, but only if the lamps
or covers protrude from the enclosure by more than 10 mm or if their surface
area exceeds 4 cm”. L:imps within the appliance, and their covers, are
only tested if they arc likely to be damaged in normal use.
After the test, the sample shall show no damage within the meaning
of this standard; in particular, !ive parts sh.all not hzve become exposed
so as to impair compliance with 8.1, 15.1 and 15.2, and there shall not have
been such distortion as to impair compliance with 29.1. In cas? of doubt,
supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation is subjected to an electric
strength test as specified in 16.4.
When applying the release cone to the guard of a heating element which
glows visibly in normal use, care is taken that the hammer head passing
through the guard does not strike the heating element.
Damage to the finish, small dents which do not reduce creepage
distances and clearances below the values specified in 29.1, and small
chips which do not adversely affect the protection against electrical shock or
moisture are neglected.
Cracks not visible to the naked eye and surface cracks in fibre-reinfor-
ted mouldings and the like are ignored.
If a decorative cover is backed by an inner cover, fracture of the deco-
rative cover is neglected if the inner cover withstands the test after removal
of the decorative cover.
NOTE - The test may be carried out by the alternative method given in Appendix P.

21.2 Screwed glands and shoulders in conduit entries shall have adequate
mechanical strength.
Compliance is checked, for screwed glands, by the test of 21.3, and for
shoulders in entries for conduit sizes 16 and 19, by the test of 21.4.
After the tests, glands, enclosures and conduit entries shall show no
significant deformation or damage.
For shoulders in entries for conduit sizes over 19, the test is under
consideration.

65
IS:302-1979

21.3 The screwed gland is fitted with a cylindrical metal rod having a dia-
meter in millimetres equal to the nearest whole number below the internal
diameter of the packing, in millimetres. The gland is then tightened by
means of a suitable spanner, the force shown in the following table being
applied to the spanner for 1 minute, at a point 25 cm from the axis of the
gland.
Diameter of Test Rod Force
mm r_.---_h-.
Metal Glands Glands of Mouldz
Material
N N
Up to and including 20 30 20
Over 20 40 30
21.4 The appliance is rigidly supported so that the axis of the conduit entry
is vertical.
A test device as shown in Fig. 13, is placed on the shoulder in the
manner shown in the figure, and a mass of 250 g is allowed to fall 10 times
from a hkight of 15 cm onto the test device.

Size of Conduit Diamtcr Tolerance

D
mm mm
16 15.7 $0.2
-0
19 la.7 +0*2
-0
FIG. 13 DEVICEFORTESTINGSHOULDERS
IN CONDIJITENTRIES

22. CONSTRUC’IYON
22.1 Appliances shall be of the appropriate class with respect to protection
against electric shock.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the relevant tests of 8.

66
 IS : 30a - 1979

22.2 Appliances shall have the appropriate degree of protection against

moisture.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the relevant tests of 8.
22.3 Appliances shall be so constructed that they operate in all positions
to be expected in normal use.
Compliance is checked by verifying that the appliance operates correc-
tly in all positions which deviate from the normal position of use by an angle
not exceeding Y
This test is made only in case of doubt.
22.4 Portable appliances shall be constructed so as to prevent the penetra-
tion from table or floor of objects which might result in a hazard.
Appliances withorlt legs are considered to comply with this require-
ment if all live parts are at least 6 mm from the supporting surface measured
through any opening. If the appliance is fitted with legs, this distance
is increased to 10 mm for appliances intended to be placed on a table and
to 20 mm for appliances intended to be placed on the floor.
22.5 Appliances which can be adjusted to suit different voltages shall be so
constructed that accidental changing of the setting is unlikely to occur.
22.6 Appliances shall be so constructed that accidental changing of the
setting of thermostats or other control devices is unlikely to occur if this
might result in a hazard.
Compliance with the requirements of 22.5 and 22.6 is checked by
manual test.
22.7 Reset buttons of non-self-resetting controls shall be so located or
protected that their accidental resetting is unlikely to occur if resetting
might result in a hazard.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
This requirement precludes, for example, reset buttons mounted on
the back of an appliance in such a manner that they can be reset by pushing
an appliance against a wall.
22.8 It shall not be possible to remove parts which ensure the required degree
of protection against moisture without the aid of a tool.
Compliance is checked by manual test.
22.9 Appliances shall be so designed and constructed that there is no possi-
bility of leakage from containers, hoses, couplings, due to condensation of
water on cold surfaces and the like which are part of the appliance and which
in turn et;*ect the electrical insulation. Moreover, the electrical insulation
of Class II appliances shall not be affected, even should be a hose rupture or
a seal leak.

67
IS:302-1979

22.10 Handles, knobs, grips, levers and the like shall be fixed in a reliable
manner so that they will not work loose in normal use if loosening might
result in a hazard.
If handles, knobs and the like are used to indicate the position of swit-
ches or similar components, it shall not be possible to fix them in a wrong
position if this might result in a hazard.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by manual test and by trying to
remove the handle, knob, grip or lever by applying an axial force for 1
minute.
If the shape of these parts is such that an axial pull is unlikely to be
applied in normal use, the force is:
15 N for actuating members of electrical components, and
20 N in other cases.
If the shape is such that an axial pull is likely to be applied, the force
is:
30 N for actuating members of electrical components, and
50 N in other cases.
Sealing compound and the like, other than self-hardening resins, are
not considered to be adequate to prevent loosening.
22.11 Components which may require replacement, such as switches and
capacitors, shall be suitably fixed.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by manual
test.
Fixing ,by soldering is only allowed for small resistors, capacitors,
inductors and the like, if these components can be suitably fixed by their
connecting means. Fixing by means of rivets is allowed.
22.12 Storage hooks and the like for flexible cables or cords shall be smooth
and well-rounded. Cord reels shall be so designed that they cause :
no undue abrasion of, or damage to, the sheath of the flexible cable
or cord,
no breakage of conductor strands, and
no undue wear of moving and tied contacts.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the following test, which
is made without passing current through the flexible cable or cord.
For appliances provided with an automatic cord reel, at least 75 cm
of the cable or cord is unreeled and is then allowed to recoil automatically
onto the reel.

68
 1s :3oa-1979

This sequence of operation is performed 6 000 times at a rate such that

no appreciable heat occurs on the cable or cord, the latter being pulled in a
direction such that the greatest abrasion occurs to the sheath and that, at
the place where the cable or cord leaves the appliance, the angle between
the axis of the cable or cord during the test and the axis of the cable or cord
when it is unreeled without substantial resistance, is approximately 60”
If the cord does not recoil at the angle of 6W, this angle is adjusted to the
maximum that will allow recoil.
After this test, the cord reel shall withstand an e!ectric strength test as
specified in 16.4, a test voltage of ! 000 V being applied between the conduc-
tors of the cable or cord connected together, and the metal parts of the reel.
or metal foil in contact with the reel if this is of insulating material.
22.13 Materials which burn fiercely, such as celluloid, shall not be used in
the construction of appliances.
NOTE - Details of burning test are under consideratioll.

22.14Wood, cotton, silk, ordinary paper, Thermocole, and silk, wool and
similar fibrous or hygroscopic material shall not be used as insulation,
unless impregnated and dried.
Asbestos is considered to be fibrous material within the meaniug of
this standard.
Insulating material is considered to be impregnated if the interstices
between the fibres of the material are substantially filled with a suitable
insulant.
22.15 Driving belts shall not be relied upon to ensure electric insulation.
This re.quirement does not apply if the appliance incorporntes a special
design of belt which prevents inappropriate replacement.
Compliance with the requirements of 22.16 and 22.17 is checked by
inspection.
22.16 Appliances other than those of Class 11.1,having parts where reliance
is placed upon safety extra-low voltage to provide the necessary degree of
protection against electric shock, shall bc so designed that the insulation
between parts operating at safety extra-low voltage and other live parts com-
plies with th.e requirements for double insulation or reinforced insulation.
Compliance is checked by test specified for double insulation and
reinforced insulation.
22.17 Reinforced insulation shall only be used when it is manifestly imprac-
ticable to provide separate basic insulation and supplementary insulation.
Compliance is checked by inspection
Appliance inlets and switches are examples where reinforced insulation
may be used.
69
IS :302-1979

22.18Parts of Class II appliances which serve as supplementary insulation or

reinforced insulation and which might be omitted during reassembly after
routine servicing, shall either:
be fixed in such a way that they cannot be removed without being
seriously damaged; or
be so designed that they cannot be replaced in an incorrect position,
and that. if they are omitted. the appliance is rendered inoperable or
manifestly incomplete.
Sleeving may, however, be used as supplementary insulation on internal
+viring if it is retained in position by positive means.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual tesl.
Routine servicing includes replacement of power supply cords, switches
and the like.
Lining metal enclosures with a coating of lacquer, or with other
material in the form of a coating which can be easily removed by scraping.
is not considered to meet this requirement.
A sleeve is considered to be fixed by positive means if it can only be
removed by breaking or cutting, or if it is clamped at both end5.
22.19 Inside the appliance, the sheath (jacket ) of a flexible cable or cord
shall onlv be used as supplementary insulation where it is ‘lot subject to undue
mechanical or thermal stresses and if its insu!ating properties arc llot less
than those specified in IS : 694 - 1977’:’ or TS : 434 ( Part T ) - 1964t for the
sheaths of flexible cables and cords.
22.20 Class ‘II appliances shall be so designed that creepage distances and
clearances over supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation cannot,
as a result of wear, be reduced below the values specified in 29.1. They
shall be so constructed that, should any wire, screw, nut, washer, spring or
similar part become loose or fall out of position, it cannot, in normal use,
become so disposed that creepage distances or clearances over supplementary
insulation or reinforced insulation are reduced to less than 50 percent of the
value specified in 29.1.
Compliance is checked by inspection. by measurement and by manual
test. For the purpose of this requirement :
it is not to be expected that two independent iixings will become
loose at the same time;
parts fixed by means of screw> or nuts provided with locking wash-
ers are regarded as not liable to become loose, provided these screv;i
*Specification for PVC insulated cables fir Ivorking voltages up to and including 1 100
volts ( second revision ).
jSpecification for rubber insulated cables : Part I With copper conductors ( rrvisrd)

70
 IS : 302- 1979

or nuts are not required to be removed during the replacement of the

power supply cord or other routine servicing;
brush-caps complying with the requirements of 22.34 are regard-
ed as not liable to become loose;
wires connected by soldering are not considered to be adequately
fixed, unless they are held in place near to the termination, indepen-
dently of the solder;
wires connected to terminals are not considered to be adequately
secured, unless an additional fixing is provided near to the terminal,
so that in the case of stranded conductors. this fixing clamps both the
insulation and the conductor; and
short rigid wires are not regarded as liable to come away from a
terminal, if they remain in position when the terminal screw is loosened.
22.21 Supplementary insulation and reinforced insulation shall be SO design-
ed or protected that they are not likely to be impaired by deposition of
dirt, or by dust resulting from wear of parts within the appliance, to such
an extent that creepage distances or clearances are reduced below the values
specified in 29.1.
Ceramic material not tightly sintered and similar materials, and beads
alone, shall not be used as supplementary insulation or reinforced insula-
tion.
Par&s of natural or synthetic rubber used as supplementary insulation
in Class II appliances shall be resistant to ageing and be so arranged and
dimensioned that creepage distances are not reduced below the values speci-
fied in 29.1, even if cracks occur.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by measurement and, for rubber,
by the following test:
Parts of rubber are aged in an atmosphere of oxygen under pres-
sure. The samples are suspended freely in an oxygen bomb, the effec-
tive capacity of the bomb being at least ten times the volume of the
samples. The bomb is filled with commercial oxygen not less than
97 percent pure, to a pressure of 210 & 7 N/cm2 ( 2.1 f 0.07 MPa ).
The samples are kept in the bomb at a temperature of 7O&l”C,
for 4 days ( 96 hours). Immediately afterwards they are taken out of
the bomb and left at room temperature, avoiding direct daylight, for
at least 16 hours.
After the test, the samples are examined and shall show no crack
visible to the naked eye.
Insulating material in which heating conductors are embedded is con-
sidered as basic insulation and must not be used as reinforced insulation.

71
IS : 3010 1979

In case of doubt with regard to materials other than rubber, special

tests may be made.
The use of the oxygen bomb presents some danger unless handled with
care. All precautions should be taken to avoid the risk of explosion due to
sudden oxidation.
22.22 Direct contact between bare live parts and thermal insuIation shall
be effectively prevented, unless such _materisl is non-corrosive, non-
hygroscopic and non-combustible.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the tests of 15 and 16,
and, if necessary, by chemical tests or flammability tests.
Glass wool is an example of thermal insulation which is satisfactory for
the purpose of this requirement.
Non-impregnated slag-wool is an example of corrosive thermal insula-
tion.
22.23 Handles shall be so constructed that, when gripped as in normal
use, contact between the operator’s hand and parts having a temperature
rise exceeding the value allowed for handles which, in normal use, are held
for short periods only, is unlikely.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by determining
the temperature rise.
If the temperature rise of a rivet or a screw in a barrier or handle ex-
ceeds the value speciiied for the handle in the table of 11.8, the rivet or screw
must not be accessible.
22.24 Bare heating elements in Class II appliances and, for other appliances,
bare heating elements which glow visibly in normal use shall be so supported
that, in cast of rupture, the heating conductor cannot come into contact
with accessible metal parts.
Compliance is checked by inspection, after cutting the heating
conductor in the most unfavourable place.
This requirement applies even if the glowing heating element is not
visible from the outside of the appliance. The test is made after the tests
of 29.
22.25 Class II appliances shall be so constructed that sagging of heating
conductors cannot make accessible metal parts live.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
This requirement may be met by providing, for example, supplementary
insulation or an envelope or a core which etfectively prevents the heating
conductor from sagging.
72
 IS : 302 - 1979

22.24 Appliances containing liquid in normal use, or provided with steam-

producing devices, shall incorporate adequate safeguards against the risk
of excessive pressure.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by an appropri-
ate test.
22.27 Spacers intended to prevent the appliance from overheating walls
and the like shall be so fixed that it is not possible to remove them from the
outside of the appliance by means of a screwdriver or spanner.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
22.28 Current-carrying parts and other metal parts, the corrosion of which
might result in a hazard, shall be resistant to corrosion under normal con-
ditions of use.
Compliance is checked by verifying that after the tests of 19, the
relevant parts show no sign of corrosion.
Attention must be paid to the compatibility of the materials of terminals
and terminations and to the effect of heating.
Stainless steel and similar corrosion-resistant alloys and plated steel
are considered to be satisfactory for the purpose of this requirement.
22.29 For Class II appliances connected in normal use to the gas supply
mains or to the water supply mains, metal parts conductively connected
to the gas pipes or in contact with the water, shall be separated from live
parts by double insulation or reinforced insulation.
Class II appliances intended to be permanently connected to fixed
wiring shall be so designed that the required degree of protection against
‘electric shock is maintained during installation of the appliance.
Com$iance is checked by inspection.
The protection against electric shock of Class II stationary appliances
‘may be affected, for example, by the installation of metal conduits or of
cables provided with a metal sheath.
22.30 For appliances having compartments to which access can be gained
without the aid of a tool and which are likely to be cleaned in normal use,
the electricai connections shall be so arranged that they are not subject to
pulling during user maintenance.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
22.31 Appliances shall be so constructed that internal wiring, windings,
commutators, slip rings and the like, and insulation in general, are not
exposed to oil, grease or similar substances, unless the construction neces-
sitates that insulation be exposed to oil or grease, as in gears and the like,
in which case the oil or grease shall have adequate insulating properties.
Compliance is checked by inspection.

73
IS : 302 - I979

Exposure of internal wiring, windings, commutators, slip rings and the

like, and of insulation in general, to oil, grease and similar substances is
allowed, provided these substances have no deleterious effect on such parts.
22.32 It shall not be possible to gain access, without the aid of a tool, to
brushes while they are live.
Screw-type brush-caps shall screw home against a shoulder or similar
abutment, and shall engage by a minimum of three full threads.
Brush-holders which retain the brushes in position by means of a
locking device shall be so designed that fhe locking does not depend upon
the brush-spring tension, if loosening of the locking device might make
accessible metal parts live.
Screw-type brush-caps which are accessible from the outside of the
appliances shall be of insulating material or be covered with insulating
material of adequate mechanical and electrical strength; they shall not
project beyond the outer-most surrounding surface of the appliance.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by manual test and, for screw-
type brush-caps which are accessible from the outside of the appliance,
by the test of 21.1.
22.33 Radio and television interference suppressors shall be so fitted that
they are adequately protected by the appliance against mechanical damage,
when the appliance is in its normal position of use.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the test of 21.1.
These suppressois may be either within the enclosure of the appliance
or, for appliances normally used on the Aoor or a table, or normally fixed
to a wall, within a recess.
Care should be taken, when designing the appliance, to allow adequate
space for fitting these suppressors.

23. INTERNAL WIRING

23.1 Wireways shall be smooth and free from sharp edges.

Wires shall be protected so that they do not come into contact with
burrs, cooling fins, etc, which may cause damage to their insulation.
Holes in metal through which insulated wires pass shall have smooth
well-rounded surfaces or be provided with bushings.
Wiring shall be effectively prevented from coming into contact with
moving parts.
74
 ES : 302- 1979

23.2 Internal Iwiring and electrical connections betwzze ditrerent partz of

the appliance shall be adequately l>rotected or enclosed.
Compliance with the requirements of 23.1 and 23.2 i, &ccked by
inspection.
23.3 Beads and similar cerdrnic insulators on live wirca ~i~ll bc so fixed or
supported that they cannot appreciably change their position; t!ley shall not
rest on sharp edges or sharp corners. If beads are inside Rxible metal
conduits, they shall be contained within an insulating sleeve unless the
conduit cannot move in normal use.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by !;ianual test.
23.4 Wiring between different parts of an appliance which can move in
normal use or during user servicing relative to each other and its electrical
connections including those providing earthing continuity shall not be
exposed to undue stress.
If flexible metallic tubzs are used for the pro:cction of conductors
between these parts, such tubes shall not cause damage to the insulation
of the conductors contained therein.
Open-coil syrings shall not be used to protect conductors. If a coiled
spring, the turns of which touch one another, is used for this purpose, an
adequate insulating lining shall be provided in addition to the insulation of
the conductors.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the following test:
If flexing occurs in normal use the appliance is placed in the normal
position of use and is oper.ncd at rated voltage or at the upper limit
of the’ rated voltage range, in accordance with conditions of adequate
heat discharge and/or under normal load.
The movable part is moved backwards and forwards, so that the
conductor is flexed through the largest angle permitted by the design.
The number of flexings for conductors flexed in normal use is 10000
and the rate of flexing 30 per minute.
After the test, the appliance shall show no damage within the
meaning of this standard and no damage impairing its further use.
In particular, the wiring and its connections shall withstand an electric
strength test as specified in 16.4, the test voltage of 1 000 V being applied
between live parts and other metal parts only.
A flexing is one movement, either backwards or forwards. The sheath
of a flexible cable or cord complying with IS : 694- 1977* is regarded as an
adequate insulating lining.
*Specification for PVC insulated cables for working voitages up to and including 1 100
volts ( second reuirion ).

75
1s : 303 - 1979

Individual appliance specifications may specify test for conductors

flexed during user maintenance.
23.5 Tnternal wiring and heating conductors shall be either so rigid and
so fixed or so insulated that, in normal use, creepage distances and clearances
cannot be reduced below the values specified in 29.1.
The insulation. if any, shall be such that it cannot be damaged in
normal use.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by measurement and by manual
test.
If the insulation of a conductor is not at least electrically equivalent
to that of the cables or flexible cords complying with IS : 434 ( Part I)-1964*,
IS : 434 ( Part II ) - 1964” and IS : 694 - 1977t, that conductor is considered
to be a bare conductor. In case of doubt, an electric strength test is
made between the conductor and metal foil wrapped round the insulation.
a test voltage of 1 500 V being applied for 15 minutes.
Particular attention is paid to the anchoring of the ends of heating
conductors.
23.6 Conductors identified by the colour green shall not be connected to
terminals other than earthing terminals.
23.7 In appliances intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring,
the bottom contact of D-type fuse-bases shall be directly connected to the
terminal intended for the phase conductor of the supply.
23.8 If aluminium wires are used for internal wiring precautions shall
be taken to avoid terminal corrosion and maintain sufficient contact
pressure ( see IS : 732 - 1963$ ).

24. COMPONENTS

24.1 Components sha!l comply with the requirements specified in the relevant
Tndian Standards wherever they exist (see 24.11).
If components are marked with their operating characteristics, the
conditions under which they are used in the appliance shall be in accordance
with these markings unless a specific exception is made.
-
*Specification for rubber insulated cables :
Part I With copper conductors ( revised ).
Part II With aluminium conductors ( revised ).
tspecification for PVC insulated cables for working voltages up to and including
1 100 Volts ( second revirion).
JCode of practice for electrical wiring installations ( system voltage not exceeding 650
volts ) ( revised ).

76
 IS :302-1979

Capacitors shall be marked with their rated voltage in volts, and their
rated capacitance in microfarads.
The testing of components other than control devices incorporated
in the appliances which have to comply with other standards is, in general,
carried out separately, according to the relevant standard as follows:
If the component is marked and used in accordance with its mark-
ing, it is tested in accordance ivith its marking, the number of samples
being that required by the relevant standard.
Where no Indian Standard exists for the relevant component or
where the component is not marked, or is used not in accordance with
its marking, the component is tested under the conditions occurring in
the appliance, the number of samples being, in general, that required by
a similar specification.
For capacitors connected in series with a motor winding, it is veri-
fied that, when the appliance is operated at a voltage equal to I.1 times
the rated voltage and under minimum load, the voltage across the
capacitor does not exceed I.1 times the rated voltage of the capacitor.
NOTE- Additional tests for electrolytic starting capacitors are wider consideration.

Until the Indian Standard for all types of thermostats, thermal cut-
outs and the like is issued, this standard, as far as is reasonable, together
with Appendix G, is applicable to these controls.
Components incorporated in the appliance are subjected to all the tests
of this standard as part of the appliance.
Compliance with the Indian Standard for the relevant component does ,
not necessarily ensure compliance with the requirements of this standard.
A specific exception with regard to the testing of switches and
thermostats is made in Note 3 under Table 1.
24.2 Appliances shall not be fitted with:
a) switches in flexible cables or cords, unless permitted in the individual
appliance specification;
b) devices which, in the event of a fault in’the appliance, cause the
interruption of the supply by applying a short circuit; and
c) thermal cut-outs which can be reset by a soldering operation.
24.3 Switches, other than those for pilot lamps, intended to disconnect
the appliance from the supply and directly connected to the supply terminals
of stationary appliances, shall disconnect all poles and shall have a contact
separation of at least 3 mm.
This requirement does not apply to appliances which are accompanied
by an instruction sheet as specified in 7.12 or are provided with a power
supply cord and a plug.

77
IS : 302 - 1979

Lamps intended for illumination purposes are not considered as pilot

lamps.

Compliance with the requirements of 24.2 and 24.3 is checked by

inspection.

24.4 Plugs and socket-outlets used as terminal devices for heating elements,
and plugs and socket-outlets for extra-low voltage circuits, shall not be
interchangeable with plugs and socket-outlets complying with IS : 1293 -
1967:$ or with connectors and appliance inlets complying with IS : 3010
( Parts I and II ) - 1965t.

24.5 Plugs and socket-outlets and other connecting devices on flexible

cables or cords, used for an intermediate connection between different
parts of an appliance, shall not be interchangeable with plugs and socket-
6utlets complying with IS : 1293 - 1967* or with connectors and appliance
inlets complying with IS : 3010 ( Part I) - 1965t, and IS : 3010 ( Part 11) -
19657, if direct supply of these parts from the mains could cause danger to
persons or surr,oundings, or damage to the appliance.

Compliance with the requirements of 24.4 and 24.5 is checked by

inspection and by manual test.

24.6 Lampholders shall be used only for the connection of lamps.

24.7 For glow-discharge lamps used as indicator lamps, series resistors shall
be incorporated in the appliance.

24.8 Capacitors shall not be connected between the contacts of a thermal

cut-out.

24.9 Motor-operated appliances which are moved while in operation shall

be fitted with a switch in their supply circuit.

24.10 Mercury switches shall be so mounted that the mercury capsule cannot
fall out of position or be damaged by its clamping means.

Compliance with the requirements of 24.6 to 24.10 is checked by

inspection.

*Specification for three-pin plugs and socket-outlets (first rrvision ).

tSpecification for appliance connectors and appliance inlets ( non-reversible three-pin
type 1:
Part I Appliance connectors
Part II Appliance inlets

75
24.11 The following component parts that are generally used in appliances
are covered by Indian Standards given against them :
Compottent Applicable Indian Standurd
a) Cable and cords IS : 434 ( Part I ) - 1964 and IS : 434 ( Part
11) - 1964 Specification for rubber-insu-
lated cables : Part I With copper conduc-
tors ( revised), Part 11 With aluminium
conductors ( revised )
IS : 694 - 1977 Specification for PVC
insulated cables for working voltages up
to and including 1 100 volts (second
revision )
b) Safety transformers Ib : 1416 - 1972 Specification for safety
transformers (first revision )
c) Switches IS : 3854 - 1966 Specification for switches
for domestic and similar purposes
d) Appliance-connectors IS : 3010 ( Part I) - 1965 Specification for
appliance-connectors and appliance-
inlets ( non-reversible three-pin type ) :
Part I Appliance-connectors
e) Appliance-inlets IS : 3010 ( Part II ) - 1965 Specification
for appliance-connectors and appli-
ance-inlets ( non-reversible three-pin
type ) : Part II Appliance-inlets
f) Three-pin plugs and IS : 1293 - 1967 Specification for three-
socket outlets pin plugs and socket-outlets (.first
revision )
g) Thermostats TS : 3017 - 1965 Specification for ther-
mostats for use with electric water
heaters
IS : 4165 - 1967 Specification for ther-
mostats for general purpose electric
ovens ( other thermostats specifica-
tions are under preparation)
h) Resistance wires, tapes IS : 3725 - 1966 Specification for resis-
and strips for heating tance wires, tapes and strips for heating
elements elements
j) Heating elements IS : 3724 - 1966 Specification for cartridge
type heating elements ( non-embedded )
type
79
1s : 302- 1979

Componm f Applicable Indian Standard

IS : 4158 - 1967 Specification for s&d
embedded type electric heating ele-
ments ( other heating elements specifici-
tions are under preparation )
IS : 4159 - 1976 Specification. for mineral
filled sheathed heating elements
(first revision )
k) Bayonet lampholders IS : 12% - 1967 Specification for bayone!
lampholders (,first rcvisiott )
m) Single-phase small ac TS : 996 - 1979 Specification for single-
and universal electric phase small ac and universal electric
motors motors ( second revision )

25. SUPPLY CONNECTION AND EXTERNAL FLEXIBLE CABLES

AND CORDS

25.1 Appliances shall be provided wiih one of the following means of con-
nection to the supply:
a) A set of terminals for permal:ent connection to fixed wiring,
b) A set of supply leads for permanent connection to fixed wiring.
c) An appliance inlet, or
d) A power supply cord.

Appliances shall no! bc provided with more than one means of connec-
tion to the supply, with the exception that stationary appliances for muitiple
supply intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring may be provided
with more than one set ol‘ terminals or with more than one set of supply
leads provided the relevant circuits are adequately insulated from one
another.

Compliance is checked by inspection and, for appliances for multiple

supply, by the following test.
A voltage of 1 000 V, of subst:mtially sine-wave form and having a
frequency of 50 Hz, is consczutively applied, for 1 minute between each
set of terminals or supply leads, connected together, and all other ter-
minals or supply leads connected together, any switches in the circuit
being in the most unfavourable position.
During this test, no flashover or breakdown shall occur.
This test may be combined with that of 16.4.

25.2 Appliances intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring

shall allow the connection of the supply wires after the appliance has been

SO
 IS : 303; 1979

fixed to its support according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and shall be

provided with:
a) a set of terminals allowing the connection of cables for fixed wiring
of the nominal cross-sectional areas specified in 26.2;
b) a set of supply leads accommodated in a suitable compartment;
and
c) cable entries, conduit entries, knock-outs or glands, which allow
the connection of the appropriate types of cable or conduit.
For appliances having a rated current not exceeding 16 A, the entries
shall be suitable for c,!bles or conduits kaving a maximum overall diameter
as shown in the following tsble:
Number ofConductors, Maximum OveraN
Zncluning the Eartiriqy Diameter
Conhctor ~_-_A---_-~
Cable Conduit
mm mm
-7 13.0 16.0
3 14.0 16.0
4 14.5 19.0
5 15.5 19.0
Conduit entries, cable entries and knock-outs shall be so designed
or located that t!te introduction of the conduit or cable does not affect the
protection against electric shock, or reduce creepage distances and clearances
below the values specified in 29.1.
Appliances not intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring
shall be provided with:
a power supply cord; or
an appliance inlet.
Drip-proof, splash-proof and watertight appliances shall not be provid-
ed with an appliance inlet.
Compliance is checked by inspection and measurement.
25.3 Appliance inlets shall:
a) be so located or enclosed that live parts are not accessible during
insertion or removal of the connector;
b) bz;o placed that the connector can be inserted without difficulty;

cl be so placed that, after insertion of the connector, the appliance

is not supported by the connector for any position of normal use on
a flat surface.
IS : 302 - 1979

Compliance is checked by inspection and, with regard to the first

requirement, by means of the standard test finger shown in Fig. 1.
Appliances provided with appliance inlets complying with IS : 3010
( Part II ) - 1965+ are considered to comply with the first requirement.
25.4 Power supply cords shall be assembled with the appliance by one of
the following methods:
type X attachment.
type Y attachment,
type M attachment, or
type Z attachment. if specifically allowed in individual appliance
specification.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by manual
tat.
25.5 Plugs shall not be fitted with more than one flexible cable or cord.
Power supply cords of single-phase po:table appliances having a rated
current not exceeding 16 A may be provided with a plug.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
25.6 Power supply cords shall not be inferior to ordinary tough rubber
sheathed flexible cord or ordinary PVC sheathed flexible cord [see IS : 434
( Part I ) - 1964t and TS : 694 - 1977$].
Polyvinyl chloride insulated flexible cables or cords shall not be used
for appliances having external metal parts the temperature rise of which
exceeds 75°C during the test of 11, unless the design of the appliance is such
that the power supply cord is not likely to touch such metal parts in normal
use or, for type M. type Y and type Z attachments, the power supply cord is
appropriate for higher tcmpemtures.
For Class I appliances, the power supply cord shall be provided with
a green core, which is connected to the internal earthing terminal of the
appliance and to the earthing contact of the plug. The colour of the cores
intended for live and neutral connection shall be red and black respectively.
Power supply cords shall not be exposed to sharp points within, or
cutting edges of, the surface of the appliance.
~--
*Specification for appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets ( non-rcvrrsible three-pin
type ) : Part II .AppIiance inlets.
tspecification for rubber insulated cables : Part I \Vith copper conductors ( revised ).
fspecification for P\‘C insulated cables for working voltages up to and including 1 lOl_l
volts ( second recision 1.

82
 IS : 303- 1979

Power supply cords shall have a nominal cross-sectional area not less
than those shown in the following table:
Rated Current of Appliance Nomirlal Cross-
A Sectional Area
mm2
Up to and including 3 ().5Q‘i’
Over 3 up to and including 10 Cl.75
Over 10 up to and including 13.5 1
Over 13.5 up to and including I6 1.5
Over 16 up to and including 25 2.5
Over 25 up to and including 32 4
Over 32 up to and including 40 6
Over 40 up to and including 63 10
Compliance is checked by inspestion and by measurement.
25.7 For type Z attachment, moulding together the enclosure of the appliance
and the power supply cord shall not affect the insulation of the cable or cord.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
25.8 Inlet openings shall be so designed and shaped, or shall be provided
with an inlet bushing such, that the protective covering of the power supply
cord can be introduced without risk of damage.
The insulation between the conductor and the encIo.xrre shall consist
of the insulation of the conductor and, in addition:
for Ciass I appliances, of at least one separate insulation;
for Class II appliances, of at least two separate insulations.
A separate insulation shall consist of:
a) the sheath of a power supply cord at least equivalent to that of a cable
or cord complying with IS : 434 (Part I )-19641 or IS : 694-1977$; or
b) a lining of insulating material complying with the requirements
for supplementary insulation, or
c) a bushing of insulating material complying with the requirements
for supplementary insulation, in case of metal enclosures, or
d) an enclosure of insulating material in which case two separate
insulations are not necessary.

*For rated current up to 3A, a nominal cross-sectional area of 0.5 mm2 is only allowed
if specifically stated in individual appliance specification provided the length of the cord
does not exceed 2 m.
TSpecification for rubber insulated cables : Part I With copper conductors ( rev&d).
$Specification for PVC insulated cables for working voltages up to and including 1 100
volts ( second revision ).
IS :302-1979

25.9 Jnlet bushings shall:

a) be so shaped as to prevent damage to the power supply cord;
b) be reliably fixed;
c) not be removable without the aid of a tool;
d) r~~fd f;idtype X attachment, be integral with the power supply

e) not de of rubber, except if it is an integral part of the rubber sheath

of the power supply cord for type M, type Y and type Z attach-
ments for Class 1 appliances.
Compliance with the requirements of 25.8 and 25.9 is checked by
inspection and by manual test.
25.10 Appliances which are moved while in operation shall be provided with
a cord guard at the inlet opening for the power supply cord, unless the inlet
or bushing is provided with a smoothly rounded bell-mouthed opening
having a radius of curvature at least equal to 1.5 times the overall diameter
of the cable or cord with the largest cross-sectional area to be connected.
Cord guards shall:
a) be so designed as to protect the cable or cord against excessive
bending where it enters into the appliance;
b) be of insulating material;
c) be fixed in a reliable manner;
d) project outside the appliance for a distance beyond the inlet opening
of at least five times the overall diameter or, for Aat cords, at
least five times the major overall dimension, of the cable or cord
dehvered with the appliance or they shall comply with the flexing
test; and
e) be integral with the power supply cord except for type X attach-
ment.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by measurement and by the
following test.
The apphance is tested with the cable or cord, which has a length
of approximately IO cm.
The appliance is so held that the axis of the cord guard, where the
cable or cord leaves it, projects upwards at an angle of 45” to the
horizontal when the cable or cord is free from stress.
A mass equal to 10 D2 g is then attached to the free end of the
cable or cord, D being, in millimetres, the overall diameter or, for flat
cords, the minor overall dimension, of the cable or cord delivered with
the appliance.

84
 IS : 302- 1979

If the cord guard is of material which is sensitive to temperature,

the test is made at a temperature of 27 f 2°C.
Flat cords are bent in a direction perpendicular to the pianc
containing the axes of the cores.
Immediately after the mass has been attached, the radius of
curvature of the cable or cord shall nowhere be less than 1.5 D.
For guards which do not comply with t!le dimensional requirement
of this clause, a sample of the guard, togeihcr with the cable or cord delivc-
red with the appliance, is to be subjecicd to 5 030 cycles of ilexing. The guard
is mounted in the appliance with a 60 cm to 100 cm length of cord With
the appliance held stationary, the guard is flexed by movmg the cord back
and forth in a plane through an angle of approximately 180” At the end
of the test, the guard and the cord shall show no unusual signs of abrasion
or wear.
25.11 Appliances provided with a power supply cord shall have cord ancho-
ldges such that the conductors are relieved from strain, including twisting,
where they are connected within the appliance. and that the insulation of
the conductors is protected from abrasion.
If, for type X attachment, the cord anchorage comprises one or more
clamping members intended to be pressed by means of one or more nuts
engaging with studs which are securely attached to the appliance, the cord
anchorage is considered to have one part securely fixed to the appliance,
even if the clamping members can be removed from the studs.
If, however, the clamping member(s) are intended to be pressed by
means of one or more screws engaging eithef with separate nuts or with a
thread in a part which is integral with the appliance, the cord anchorage is
not considered to have the part securely fixed to the appliance, or the surface
of the appliance is of insulatin g material and so shaped that it is obvious
that this surface is one of the clamping members.
For type X attachment, glands shall not be used as cord anchorages in
portable appliances, unless they have provision for clamping all types and
sizes of cables and cords which might be used as the power supnly cord, and
production methods, such as moulded-on designs. t$ng the cable or cord
into a knot or tying the ends with string, are not allowed; labyrinths or simi-
lar means are permitted, provided that it is clear how the power supply
cord is to be assembled.
For type X attachment, cord anchorages sha!l be so designed or
located that:
a) replacement of the cable or cord is easily possible;
b) it is clear how the relief from strain and t!te prevention of twisting
are to be obtained;

8.5
IS : 302- 1979

C) they are suitable for the different types of cable or cord which may
be connected, unless the appliance is so designed that only one
type of cable or cord can be fitted;
d) the cable or cord cannot touch the clamping screws of the cord
anchorage, if these screws are accessible or electrically comlected to
accessible metal parts;
e) the cord is not clamped by a metal screw which bears directly on
the cord;
f) at least one part of the cord anchorage is securely fixed to the
app!.iance;
g) screws, if any, which have to be operated when replacing the cable
or cord, do not serve to fix any other component, unless, when
omitted or incorrectly mounted, they render the appliance inopera-
tive or clearly incomplete or unless the parts intended to be fastened
by them cannot be removed without the aid of a tool during the
replacement of the cable or cord;
h) for Class I appliances, they are of insulating material or are provided
with an insulating lining, if otherwise a,n insulation fault on the cable
or cord could make accessible metal parts live; and
j) for Class 11 appliances, they are of insulating material, or, if of
metal, are insulated from accessible metal parts by insulation
complying with the requirements for supplementary insulation.
For type M, type Y and type Z attachments, the cores of the power
supply cord shall be insulated from accessible metal parts by insulatiQ,n com-
plying with the requirements for basic insulation for Class I appliances and
complying with the requirements for supplementary insulation for Class II
appliances.’ This insulation shall consist of:
a) a separate insulating barrier fixed to the cord anchorage;
b) a special sleeve or grommet fixed to the cable or cord; or
c) for Class I appliances, the sheath of a sheathed cable or cord.
For type M and type Y attachments, cord anchorages shall be so desiged
that:
a) the replacement of the power supply cord does not impair compliance
with this standard;
b) the cable or cord cannot touch clamping screws of the cord
anchorage, if these screws are accessible or electrically connected to
accessible metal parts;
c) the cable or cord is not clamped by a metal screw which bears
directly on the cable or cord;

86
 1s : 302 - 1979

d) knots in the cord arc not to be used, unless specifically allowed in

individual api)liauce standard;
e) labyrinths or similar mms are permitted, provided that it is clean
how the power supply cord is to be assembled;
For type M attachment, it is, clear how the relief from strain and the
prevention of twisting is to be obtained.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by the following test.
For type X attachment, the appliance is fitted with a suitable
power supply cord. The conductors are introduced into the terminals,
the terminal screws, if any, being tightened just sufficiently to prevent
the conductors from easily, changing their position. The cord ancho-
rage is used in the normal way, its clamping screws being tightened
with a torque equal to two-thirds of that specified in 28.1.
The tests are first made with the lightest permissible type of cable
or cord of the smallest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2, and then
with the next heavier type of cable or cord of the largest cross-sectional
area specified, unless the appliance is so designed that only one type of
cable or cord can be fitted.
For type M, type Y and type Z attachments, the appliance is
tested with the cord in place.
It shall not be possible to push the cable or cord into the appliance
to such an extent that the cable or cord, or internal parts of the
appliance, could be damaged.
The cable or cord is then subjected 25 times to a pull of the value
shown in the table below. The pulls are applied in the most unfavour-
able direction without jerks, each time for 1 second.
Immediately afterwards, the cable or cord is subjected for 1 minute
to a torque of the value shown in the following table:
iMnss of Appliance Pldl Torque
kg N Nm
Up to and including 1 30 0.1
over 1 up to and incuding 4 60 0.25
over 4 100 0.35
During the tests. the cable or cord shall not be damaged.
After the tests, the cable or cord shall not have been longitudinally
displaced by more than 2 mm and the conductors shall not have moved over
a distance of more than 1 mm in the terminals, nor shall there be appreciable
strain at the connection.
Creepage distances and clearances shall not be reduced below the
values specified in 29.1.

87
IS :302-1979

For the measurement of the longitudinal displacement, a mark is made

on the cable or cord while it is subjected to the pull? at a distance of
approximately 2 cm from the cord anchorage or other su:tabIe point, before
starting the tests.
After the tests, the displacement of the mark on the cable or cord in
relation to the cord anchorage or other point is measured while the cable or
cord is subjected to the pull.
25.12 The space for the supply cables or the power supply cord provided
inside, or as a part of, the appliance, for the connection:
a) to fixed wiring and for type X, type M and type Y attachments:
1) shall be so designed as to permit checking, before fitting the
cover, if any, that the conductors are correctly connected and
positioned;
2) shall be so designed that covers, if any, can be fitted without
risk of damage to the supply conductors or their insulation;
and
3) for portable appliances, shall be so designed that the uninsulated
end of the conductor, should it become free from the terminal,
cannot come into contact with accessible metal parts, unless,
for type M and type Y attachments, the cord is provided with
terminations that are unlikely to slip free of the conductor;
and
b) to fixed wiring and for type X attachment, in addition:
1) shall be adequate to allow the conductors to be easily introduced
and connected; and
2) shall be so designed that covers, if any, giving access to terminals
for external conductors can be removed without the aid of a
tool specially designed for this purpose.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, for connections to fixed
wiring and for type X attachment, by an installation test with cables or
flexible cords of the largest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2.
A test for portable appliances is under consideration.
25.13 Detachable and non-detachable function and interconnection flexible
cables or cords shall comply with the requirements for the supply cable or
cord, except that:
a) appliance couplers and appliance inlets used for the function and
interconnection flexible cable or cord shall not be interchangeable
with the appliance couplers and appliance inlets used for the sup-
ply cable or cord, if this might impair compliance with this
standard;
88
 [S : 302- 1979

b) the cross-sectional area oi’ the conductors of the function and

interconnection flexible cable or cord is determined on the basis of
t!?e maximum current carried by the conducto: during the test of
11 and not by the rated current of the appliance; and
c) the thickness of the insulation on the individual cores may be less
than req:lircd, depending on the voltage of the circuit in which the
particular condilctor is used.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by tests, such
as an electric strength test as specified in 16.4.
A function and interconnection flexible cable or cord is considered to
be a flexible cable or cord provided as a part of a complete appliance for
purposes other than suppl:~ ( that is a remote hand-held switching device,
an exposed interconnection between two parts of an appliance. a separate
SignaIling circuit ).
25.14 DetachabIe flexible cables and cords used for the interconnection
between different parts of an appliance shall not be provided with a means
for connection such that accessible metal parts are live when the connection is
disconnected due to the disengagement of one of the connecting means.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, if necessary, by means of
the standard test finger shown in Fig. 1.

26. TERMINALS FOR EXTERNAL CONDUCTORS

26.1 Appliances, other than those provided with supply leads and those
with type Y and type Z attachments, shall be provided with terminals in
which connection is made by means of screws, nuts or equally effective
devices.
Screws and nuts which c!amp external conductors shall have IS0 metric
screw thread or a thren.d comparable in pitch and mechanical strength.
They shall not serve to fix any other component, except that they may also
clamp internal conductors if these are so arranged that they are unlikely to
Sc displaced when fitting the supply conductors.
For appliances with type X and type M attachments and having a rated
input not exceeding 2.50 W, soldered connections may be used for the connec-
tion of external conductors, provided that the conductor is so positioned or
fixed that reliance is not placed upon the soldering alone to maintain the
conductor in position, unless barriers are provided such that creepage dis-
tances and clearances between live parts and other metal parts cannot be
reduced to less than 50 percent of the values specified in 29.1 should the
conductor become free at the soldered joint.
For type Y and type Z attachments, soldered, welded, crimped and
similar connections may be used for the connection of external conductors;

89
IS : 382 d 1979

moreover, for Class II appliances, the conductors shall be so positioned OI

fixed that reliance is not placed upon the soldering, crimping or welding
alone to maintain the conductor in position, unless barriers are provided
such that creepage distances and clearances between live parts and other
metal parts cannot be reduced to less than 50 percent of the values spzci!ied
in 29.1 should the conductor become free at the soldered or welded joint. k?):
slip out of the crimped connection.
For the purpose of the requirements for power supply__ _ cords:
it is not to be expected that two independent fixings will become
loose at the same time;
conductors connected by soldering are not considered to be ade-
quately fixed, unless they are held in place near to the termination,
independently of the solder, but “hooking in” before the soldering
is, in general. considered to be a suitable means for maintaining the
conductors of a power supply cord other than a tinsel cord in posi-
tion, provided the hole through which the conductor is passed is
not unduly large; and
conductors connected to terminals or terminations by other means are
not considered to be adequately fixed, unless an additional fixing
is provided near to the terminal or termination; this additional
fixing, in the case of stranded conductors, clamps both the insula-
tion and the conductor.
The terminals of a component ( for example a switch) built into the
appliance -- on the assumption that they comply with the requirements of
this clause - may be used as terminals intended for external conductors.
Requirements for resilient connecting means and other terminals without
clamping screws or nuts are under consideration.
26.2 Terminals for connection to fixed wiring and those for type X
attachment shall allow the connection of conductors having nominal
cross-sectional areas as shown in the following table:
Rated Current of Appliance Nominal Cross-Sectional Area
A mm
~___~~_~__*~~~_.___~
Flexible cables Cables for
and cords fixed wiring
Up to and including 3 0.5 to 0.75 I to 2.5
Over 3 up to and including 10 0.75 to 1.5 1 to 2.5
Over 10 up to and including 13.5 1 to 1.5 1.5 to 4
Over 13.5 up to and including 16 1.5 to 2.5 1.5 to 4
Over 16 up to and including 25 2.5 to 4 2.5 to 6
Over 25 up to and including 32 4 to 6 4 to 10
Over 32 up to and including 40 6 to 10 6 to16
Over 46 up to and including 63 10 to 16 IQ to 25

90
 IS : 302 - 1979

Compliance with the requirements of 26.1 and 26.2 is checked by

inspection, by measurement and by fitting cables or cords of the smallest
and largest cross-sectional areas specified.
26.3 Terminals for type M, type Y and type 2 attachments shall be suitable
for th@r purpose.
Compliance is checked. by inspection and by applying a pull to the
connection of 5 N.
After the test, the temperature rise of the terminal or termination,
determined under the conditions specified in 11.7, shall not exceed the value
specified in 11.8.
26.4 For appliances other than those provided with supply leads and those
with type Y and type Z attachments, terminals shall be so fixed that, when
the clamping means is tightened or loosened, the terminal does not work
loose, internal wiring is not subjected to stress and creepage distances and
clearances are not reduced below the values specified in 29.1.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by measurement after fasten-
ing and loosening ten times a conductor of the largest cross-sectional area
specified in 26.2, the torque applied being equal to two-thirds of the torque
specified in 28.1.
Terminals may be prevented from working loose by fixing with two
screws, by fixing with one screw in a recess such that there is no appreciable
play, or by other suitable means.
Covering with sealing compound without other means of locking is
not considered to be sufficient. Self-hardening resins may, however, be
used to lock terminals which are not subject to torsion in normal use.
26.5 For appliances other than those provided with supply leads and those
with type Y and type Z attachments, terminals shall be so designed that
they clamp the conductor between metal surfaces with sufficient contact
pressure and without damage to the conductor.
26.6 For appliances other than those provided with supply leads and those
with type Y and type Z attachments, terminals shall not require special pre-
paration of the conductor in order to effect correct connection, and they
shall be so designed or placed that the conductor cannot slip out when the
clamping screws or nuts are tightened.
Compliance with the requirements of 26.5 and 26.6 is checked by
inspection of the terminals and of the conductors, after the test of 26.4.
The term ‘ special preparation of the conductor ’ covers soldering of
the strands, use of cable lugs, formation of eyelets, etc, but not the reshaping
of the conductor before its introduction into the terminal or the twisting of
a stranded conductor to consolidate the end.

91
Is : 302 - 1979

Conductors are considered to be damaged if they show deep or sharp

indentations.
26.7 Terminals of the pillar type shall have dimensions as shown in the
following table, except that the length of the thread in the pillar may be
reduced, if the mechanical strength is adequate and at least two full threads
are in engagement when a conductor of the smallest cross-sectional area
specified in 26.2 is tightly clamped.
Rnted Current of Minimum Minimum Minimum Maximum
Appliance Nominal Diameter Length of Direrence
Thread of Hole Thread in Between
Diameter for Con- Pillar Diameter
ductor of Hole
and Nomi-
nal Thread
Diampter

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

A mm mm mm mm
Up to and including 10 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.6
Over 10 up to and including
I6 3.5 3.5 25 0.6
Over 16 up to and including
25 4.0 4.0 3.0 0.6
Over 25 LIT>to and including
32 4.0 4.5 3.0 I.0
Over 32 up to and including
40 5.0 5.5 4.0 1.3
Over 40 up to and including
63 6.0 7.0 4.0 1.5
The length of ‘he threaded part of the terminal screw shall not be
less than the sum of the diameter of the hole for the conductor and the
length of the thread in the pillar.
The surface against which the conductor is clamped shall be free from
sharp indentations or projections.
Such terminals shall be so designed and located that the end of a
conductor introduced into the hole is visible, or can pass beyond the thread-
ed hole for a distance at least equal to half the nominal diameter of the
screw, or 2.5 mm, whichever is the greater.
The length of the thread in the pillar is measured to the point where
the thread is first broken by the hole for the conductor.

92
 IS : 302 - 1979

If the thread in the pillar is recessed, the length of headed screws must
be increased accordingly.
The part against which the conductor is clamped need not necessarily
be in one piece with the part carrying the clamping screw.
26.8 Screw terminals shall have dimensions not less than those shown
in the following table, except that the length of the thread in the screw hole
or nut and the length of thread on the screw may be reduced, if the mecha-
nical strength is adequate and at least two full threads are in engagement when
a conductor of the largest cross-sectional area specified in 26.2 is lightly
clamped.
Rated Current of yhy;;;l Length Length Nominal Height
Appliance of of Diffhrence
Diameter Threcrd Thread Between H$d
011 Diameter of
Screlv SCkV of Head Scren-
Hole or and Shank
Nut of Screw
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
A mm mm mm mm mm
Up to and including 10 3.5(3*0)* 4*0(3* 5) 1’5 3.5(3*0) 2*0(1’8)
Over 10 up to and
including 16 4-O 5.5 2.5 4.0 2.4
Over 16 up to and
including 25 5.0 6.5 3.0 5.0 3.0
Over 25 up to and
including 32 5.0 75 3’0 5-o 3.5
Over 32 up to and
including 40 5.0 8.5 3.0 5.0 3.5
’ Over 40 up to and
including 63 6-O 10-5 3.5 6-O 5.0
If the required length of thread in a terminal screw hole is obtained
by plunging, the edge of the extrusion shall be reasonably smooth and the
length of thread shall exceed the specified minimum value by at least 0.5 mm,
The length of the extrusion shall be not more than 80 percent of the original
thickness of the metal, unless the mechanical strength is adequate with
a greater length.
If an intermediate part, such as a pressure plate, is used between
the head of the screw and the conductor, the length of thread on the screw
*The values in parenthess apply to portable appliances only.

93
IS :302-1979

shall be increased nccor,lngly, but the diameter of the head of the screw may
be reduced by:
1 mm for rated currents not exceeding 16 A, and
2 mm for rated currents exceeding 16 A.
If an intermediate part has more than one screws with the following
nominal thread diameter may be used;
3.5 mm for rated currents not exceeding 25 A. and
4.0 mm for rated currents exceeding 25 A.
If the thread in the sc-ew hole or nut is recessed, the length of headed
screws must be incrensed accordingly.
26.9 Stud terminals shali be nrovided with washers and shall have dimen-
sions as shown in the follo\;;ing table:
Rated Current qf Nominal D@vence Between Thread
Appliance Thread Diameter ad
Diameter r-_ --_._L.-_---~
(Mh) Inner Outer
Diameter Diameter
of Washers of W:tshers
(Max) (Min)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

A mm mm mm
Up to and including 10 3.0 0.4 4.0
Over 1Q up to and including
16 3.5 0.4 4.5
Over 16 up to and including
25 4% 0.5 5.0
Over 25 up to and including
32 4.0 0.5 , 5.5

Compliance with the requirements of 26.7 to 26.9 is checked by inspec-

tion, by measurement and, if necessary, by the tests of 26.10. A negstive
deviation of 0.15 mm is allowed for the nominal thread diameter and for the
nominal ditference between diameters of head and shank of the screw.
If one or more of the dimensions required in 26.7 to 26.9 are larger
than the specified, the other dimensions need not be correspondingly increa-
sed, but departures from the specified values must not impair the function
of the terminal.
26.10 If the length of thread in the pillar, screw hole or nut, or the length
of thread on the screw, is smaller than that shown in the relevant table, or

94
 IS : 302- 1979

if the length of the extrusion is more than 80 percent of the original thickness
of the metal, the mechanical strength of the terminal is checked by the fol-
lowing tests:

Screws and nuts are subjected to the test of 28.1 hut with the torque
increased to 1.2 times the torque specified.

After this test, the terminal shall show no damage impairing its further
use.

A conductor is then fastened, as specified in 26.4, once more and,

while clamped, is subjected for I minute to an axial puli, applied without
jerks, of the value shown in the foilowing table:
f?{itc,d C’lwrent qf Appliance Pldl
A N
Up to and including 6 40
Over 6 up to and including 10 50
Over 10 up to and including 16 50
Over 16 up to and including 25 60
Over 25 up to and inc!uding 32 80
Over 32 up to and including 40 90
Over 40 up to and including 63 100

During this test, the conductor shall not move noticeably in the
terminal.

26.11 For appliances where terminals are provided for the connection to
fixed wiring and for npp!iances with type X and type M attachments, each
terminal shall be located in proximity to its corresponding terminal, or
terminals, of different po!arity and to the earthing terminal. if any.

Comptiance is checked by inspection.

26.12 Terminal devices shall not be accessible without the aid of a tool,
even if their live parts are not accessible.

Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.

26.13 Terminal devices of appliances with type X attachment shall be so

located or shielded that should a wire of a stranded conductor escape when
the conductors are fitted, there is no risk of accidental connection between
live parts and accessible metal parts and, in the case of Class 11 appliances,
between live parts and metal parts separated from accessible metal parts
by supplementary insulation only.

95
IS : 302- 1979

Compliance is checked by the following test.

An 8 mm length of insulation is removed from the end of a flexible
conductor having a nominal cross-sectional area as specified in 256.
One wire of the stranded conductor is left free and the other wires
are fully inserted into and clamped in the terminal.
The free wire is bent, without tearing the insulation back, in
every possible direction. but without making sharp bcndv round
barriers.
The free wire of a conductor connected to a live terminnl shall not
touch any metal part which is accessible or is connected to an accessible
metal part or, for Class II appliances, any metal part which is scplrJtcd
from accessible metal parts by supplementary insulation only. The free
wire of a conductor connected to an earthing terminal shall not touch any
live part.

27. PROVISION FOR EARTHING

27.1 Accessible metal parts of Class I appliances, which may become live
in the event of an insulation fault, shall be permanently and reliably connec-
ted to an earthing terminal or termination within the appliance, or to the
earthing contact of the appliance inlet.
Earthing terminals and earthing contacts shall not be electrically
connected to the neutral terminal, if any.
Class II and Class III appliances shall have no provision for earthing.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
If accessible metal parts are screened from live parts by metal parts
which are connected to the earthing terminal or termination or, to the earth-
ing contact, they are not, for the purpose of this requirement, regarded as
likely to become live in the event of an insulation fault. Metal parts behind
a decorative cover which does not withstand the test of 21.1 are considered
to be accessible metal parts.
27.2 Earthing terminals for the connection to fixed wiring and earthing
terminals of appliances with type X and type M attachments shall comply
with the requirements of 26.
Screwless terminals shall not be used for the connection of external
earthing conductors.
External earthing terminals, if any, shall allow the connection of con-
ductors having nominal cross-sectional areas of 2.5 to 6 mm2 and shall
not be used to provide earthing continuity between di:perent parts of the
appliance.
96
 IS :302-1979

The clamping means of earthing terminals shall be adequately locked

against accidental loosening and it shall not be possible to loosen them
without the aid of a tool.
Compliance is checked by inspection, by manual test and by the tests
of 26.
In general, the designs commonly used for current-carrying terminals,
other than some terminals of the pillar’type, provide sufficient resiliency to
comply with the latter requirement; for other designs, special provisions,
such as the use of an adequately resilient part which is not likely to be
removed inadvertently, may be necessary.
27.3 If detachable parts have an earth connection, this connection shall be
made before the current-carrying connections are established when placing
the part in position, and the current-carrying connections shall be separated
before the earth connection is broken when removing the part.
For appliances with power supply cords, the arrangement of the ter-
minals, or the length of the conductors between the cord anchorage and the
terminals. shall be such that the current-carrying conductors become tight
before the earthing conductor, if the cable or cord slips out of the cord
anchorage.
27.4 All parts of the earthing terminal shall be such that there is no risk of
corrosion resulting from contact between these parts and the copper of the
earthing conductor, or any other metal that is in contact with these parts.
The body of the earthing terminal shall be of brass or other metal no
less resistant to corrosion, unless it is a part of the metal frame or enclosure,
when the screw or nut shall be of brass, plated steel complying with 31, or
other metal no less resistant to corrosion.
If the body of the earthing terminal is a part of a frame or enclosure
of aluminium or aluminium alloy, precautions shall be taken to avoid the
risk of corrosion resulting from contact between copper and aluminium or
its alloys.
Screws and nuts of plated steel withstanding the test of 31.1 are con-
sidered to be of a metal no less resistant to corrosion than brass. More
detailed requirements are under consideration.
27.S The connection between the earthing terminal or earthing contact,
and parts required to be connected thereto, shall be of low resistance.
Compliance is checked by the following test:
A current derived from an ac source having a no-load voltage not
exceeding 12 V, and equal to 1.5 times the rated current of the appli-
ance or 25 A, whichever is the greater, is passed between the earthing
terminal or earthing contact, and each of the accessible metal parta in
turn.

97
1S :302-1979

The voltage drop between the earthing terminal of the appliance

or the earthing contact of the appliance inlet, and the accessible metal
part is measured, and the resistance calculated from the current and
this voltage drop.
In no case shall the resistance exceed 0.1 Q.
The resistance of the flexible cable or cord is not included in the
resistance measurement.
Care is taken that the contact resistance between the tip of the measur-
ing probe and the metal part under test does not influence the test results.

28. SCREWS AND CONNECTIONS

28.1Screwed connections, electrical or otherwise, shall withstand the

mechanical stresses occurring in normal use.
Screws transmitting contact pressure and screws which are likely to
be tightened by the user and have a nominal diameter less than 3 mm, shall
screw into metal.
Screws shall not be of metal which is soft or liable to creep, such as
zinc or aluminium.
Screws of insulating material shall have a nominal diameter of at
least 3 mm; they shall not be used for any electrical connection.
Screws shall not be of insulating material if their replacement by
a metal screw could impair supplementary insulation or reinforced insula-
tion, neither shall screws which may be removed when replacing a power
supply cord or undertaking other routine servicing, be of insulating material
if their repladement by a metal screw could impair basic insulation.
Compliance is checked by inspection and, for screws and nuts transmit-
ting contact pressure, or which are likely to be tightened by the user, by the
following test.
The screws or nuts are tightened and loosened:
10 times for screws in engagement with a thread of insulating
material, and
5 times for nuts and other screws.
Screws in engagement with a thread of insulating material are
completely removed and reinserted each time.
‘Clihen testing terminal screws and nuts, a conductor of the largest
cross-sectional area specified in 26.2, rigid ( solid or stranded) for appli-
ances intended to be permanently connected to fixed wiring and flexible in
other cases, is placed in the terminal.

98
 IS : 302- 1979

The test is made by means of a suitable test screwdriver, spanner or

key applying a torque as shown in the following table, the appropriate
column being:
co1 I For metal screws without heads if the screw when tightened
does not protrude from the hole.
co1 II For other metal screws and for nuts; and
For screws of insulating material:
having a hexagonal head with the dimension across flats
exceeding the overail thread-diameter; or
with a cylindrical head and a socket for a key, the socket
having a cross-corner dimension exceeding the overall
thread diameter; or
with a head having a slot or cross slots, the length of which
exceeds 1.5 times the overall thread diameter.
co1 III For other screws of insulating material.
Nomittai Diameter qf Screw Torque, Nm
mm 201 I -A-
co1 II co1 IT1
Up to and including 2.8 a.2 0:4 0.4
Over 2.8 up to and including 3.0 0.25 0.5 0.5
Over 3.0 up to and including 3.2 0.3 0.6 0.6
Over 3.2 up to and including 3.6 0.4 Q-8 0.6
Over 3.6 up to and including 4.1 0.7 1.2 0.6
Over 4.1 up to and including 4.7 0.8 1.8 0.9
Over 4.7 up to and including 5.3 0.8 2.0 1.0
Over 5.3 up to and including 6.0 2.5 I.25
The conductor is moved each time the screw or nut is loosened.
During the test, no damage impairing the further use of the screwed
connections shall occur.
Screws or nuts which are likely to be tightened by the user include
screws intended to be operated when replacing the power supply cord.
The shape of the blade of the test screwdriver must suit the head of the
screw to be tested. The screws and nuts must not be tightened in jerks.
28.2 Screws in engagement with a thread of insulating material shall have
a length of engagement sufficient to ensure a reliable connection.
Correct introduction of the screw into the screw hole or nut shall be
ensured.

99
 IS : 302 - 1979

Compliance is checked by inspection and by the test of 28.1, the torque

applied bemg, however, increased to I.2 times the torque specified.
The requirement with regard to correct introduction is met if htroduo
tion Of the Screw in a slanting manner is prevented, for example, by guiding
the scow by the part to be fixed, by a recess in the female thread or by the
use of a screw with the leading thread removed.
28.3 Electrical connections shall be so designed that contact pressure is
not transmitted through insulating material which is liable to shrink or
to distort, unless there is sufficient resiliency in the metallic parts to corn--
pensate for any possible shrinkage or distortion of the insulating material.
Ceramic material is not liable to shrink or to distort.
28.4 Space-threaded ( sheet metal) screws shall not be used for the connec-
tion of current-carrying parts, unless they clamp these parts directly in con-
tact with each other and are provided with a suitable means of locking.
Thread-cutting ( self-tapping) screws shall not be used for the electrical
connection of current-carrying parts, unless they generate a full form stan-
dard machine screw thread. Such screws shall not, however, be used if
they are likely to be operated by the user or installer unless the thread is form-
ed by a swageing action.
Thread-cutting and space-threaded screws may be used to provide earth-
ing continuity, provided that it is not necessary to disturb the connection in
r~ormal.~se and that at least two screws are used for each connection.
Compliance with ..the requirements of 28.3 and 28.4 is checked by
inspection.
28.5 Screws which make a mechanical connection between different parts of
the appliance, shall be secured against loosening, if the connection carries
current.
Rivets used for current-carrying connections shall be secured against
loosening if these connections are subject to torsion in normal use.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by manual test.
The first requirement does not apply to screws in the earthing circuit,
provided there is an alternative earthing circuit.
Spring washers and the like may provide satisfactory security.
For rivets, a non-circular shank or an appropriate notch may be suffi-
cient. Sealing compound which softens on heating provides satisfactory
security only for screw connections not subject to torsion in normal use.

29. CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES

29.1 Creepage distances and clearances shall not be less than the values in
milbmetres shown in Table 2.
 cs : 302 - 1979

If a resonance voltage occurs between the point where a winding and a

capacitor are connected together, and metal parts separated from live parts
by basic insulation only. the creepage distance and clearance shall not bc
less than the values specified for the value of the voltage imposed by the
resonance, these values being increased by 4 mm in the case of reinforced
insulation.
Compliance is checked by measurement.
For appliances provided with an appliance i&t. the mtasurements arc
made with an appropriate connector inserted; for appliances with type X
attachment, they are made with supply conductors of the largest cross-
sectional area specified in 26.2, and also without conductors; for other
appliances, they are made on the appliance as delivered.
For appliances provided with belts, the measurements are nladr: with
the belts in place and the devices intended for varying the belt tension adjusted
to the most unfavourable position within their range of adjustment. and also
with the belts removed.
Movable parts are placed in the most unfavourable position; nuts and
screws with non-circular heads, are assumed to be tightcncd in the most
unfavourable position.
The clearances between tcrrninals and accessible melul part:, arc also
measured with the screws or nuts unscrewed as far as possible, but the clea-
rances shall then be not less than 50 percent of the val~m shown in the table.
Distances through slots or openings in external parts of insulating
material are measured to metal foil in contact with the accessible surface;
the foil is pushed into corners and the like blp tnealis of the standard test
finger shown in Fig. 1, but it is not pressed into openings.
If necessary, a force ib applied to any point on bare conductors on
uninsulated capillary tubes of thermostats and similar devices and to the out-
side of metal enclosures, in an endeavour to reduce the crcepage distances
and clearances while taking the measurements. The force i.\ applied by
means of a test finger having a tip as shown in Fig. 1 and has a value of:
2 N for bare conductors and for uninculated capillary tubes of
thermostats and similar devices, and
30 N for enclosures.

NOTE 2 -_ If a barrier is interposed aud if it is ill tbu parts \vhicll arc not cemcntctl
together, the creepage distance is also measured through the joint.
NOTE 3 - If a barrier is interposed, clearances are mc;~sured 01.u the barrier or, ii
the barrier is in two parts with mating surfaces which are not cemented together,
through the joint.

101
 TABLE 2 CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES
( Clause 29.1 )
I
SL CLASS III APPLIANCES OTHER APPLIANCES
No. r__---~ -.----Y ~-__.----_--__.- -A. _---__-_-----~ 5;
Creeoaee Clearance Working Voltage M’orking Voltage Working Voltage $
Distinct up 10 13ov* over 130 up to 250V over 250 up to 440V
~_~~h._~~~ y-__A___~ r____h-__~
Creepage Clearance Creepage C!enr.nce Crcrpage Clearance
distance distance distance

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

(mm)
i) Between live parts of different
polarity+:
if protected against deposition
of dirt 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
if not protected against drposi-
tion of dirt 2.0 1.5 20 I ,5 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.0
if lacqueted or enamelled
windings 1.0 1.0 1.5 1..5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0

ii) Between live parts and other

metal part> over basic in-
sulation:
if protected againat dcposi-
tion of dirt$
if of ceramic material or
pure mica and the like 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.58 2.53 ---
if of other material 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 3.0 2.54 -
if not protected against de-
position of dirt 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 4.0 3.0 -
if the live parts are lacque-
red or enamelled windings 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 -
 at the end of tubular
sheathed-type heating
element/j - -- 1.0 1.0 1.07 1.0**

iii) Between live parts and other

metal

iv) Between live parts and other

metal parts over reinforced
insulation:
if the live parts are lacque-
red or enamelled windings - - 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

for other live parts - - 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0

v) Between metal parts separated

by supplementary insula-
tion - 40 4.0 4.0 4.0 - -

E vi) Between live parts in recesses

in the mounting face of the
appliance and the surface
to which it is fixed 2.0 2.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 - -

*The values specified in these columns do not apply to printed wiring circuits, for which values are under consideration.
*The clearances specified do not apply to the air gap between the contacts of thermal controls, overload protection devices,
switches of micro-gap construction and the like, or to the air gap between the current-carrying members of such devices where
the clearance varies with the mo.:ement of the contacts.
$In general, the interior of an appliance having a reasonably dust-proof enclosure is considered to be protected against
deposition of dirt, provided the appliance does not generate dust within itself; hermetic sealing is not required.
$If the parts are rigid and located by mouldings, or if the design is otherwise such that there is no likelihood of a distance iij
being reduced by distortion or movement of the parts, this value may be reduced to 2.0. ..
l[These values apply only to Class I appliances.
TIf over ceramic, pure mica and the like protected against deposition of dirt.
**If protection against deposition of dirt.
IS :302-1979
NOTE 4 - When assessing creepage distances and clearances, the effect of insulating
linings of metal enclosures or covers is taken into consideration.
NOTE 5 - Internal conductors are considered to be bare conductors, unless their
insulation withstands an electric strength test made between the conductor and metal
foil wrapped round the insulation, a test voltage of 1 ,500 V being applied for
15 minutes.
NOTE 6 - For live parts of different polarity separated by basic insulation only, creep-
age distances and clearances smaller than those specified in the table are allowed, provid-
ed the appliance does not show any defect within the meaning of this standard if these
creepage distances and clearances are short-circuited consecutively and the creepage
distances are over insulating material withstanding the test of 30.3.

29.2 The distance through insulation, for working voltages up to and includ-
ing 250 V between metal parts, shall not be less than 1.0 mm if they are sepa-
rated by supplementary insulation, and not be less than 2.0 mm if they are
separated by reinforced insulation,
This requirement does not apply, if the insulation is applied in thin
sheet form and consist of at least three layers, provided that, when two layers
are placed in contact, they withstand the electric strength test prescribed for
reinforced insulation. the test voltage being applied between the outer
surfaces of the two layers.
This requirement does not imply that the prescribed distance must be
through solid insulation only: it may consist of a thickness of sclid insulation
pluf one or more air layers.
29.3 For appliances having a rated current exceeding 25 A. the distance
between the terminals and metal enclosures shall be at least 9.5 mm.
Compliance with the requirements of 29.2 and 29.3 is checked by
inspection and by measurement.

30. RESISTANCE TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKlNG

30.1 External parts of insulating material, the deterioration of which might

cause the appliance to fail to comply with this standard, shall be sufficiently
resistant to heat.
Compliance is checked by subjecting enclosures and other external parts
of insulating material to a ball-pressure test by means of the apparatus shown
in Fig. 14.
The surface of the part to be tested is placed in the horizontal position
and a steel ball of 5 mm diameter is pressed against this surface by a force
of 20 N.
The test is made in a heating cabinet at a temperature of 75 & 2°C
or at a temperature which is 40 f 2°C in excess of the temperature rise of the
relevant part determined during the test of 19, whichever is the higher.

104
 SPHERICAL
TEST SAMPLE

FIG. 14 BALL PRESSURE APPARATUS ,

After 1 hour, the ball is removed rrom the sample which is thus cooled
down within 10 seconds to approximately room temperature by immersion
in cold water. The diameter of the impression caused by the ball i: measured.
This shall not exceed 2 mm.
The test is not made on parts of ceramic material.
30.2 Insulating parts retaining live parts in position shall be resistant to
abnormal heat and to fire.
Compliance is checked by the following test:
A test is made as described in 30.1,but at a temperature of
125 & 2°C or at a tcmperaturc which is 40 f 2°C in excess of the
temperature Iise of the relevavlt part determined during the test of 11.
whichever is the higher.
In addition, the insulaGng parts are subjected td a test made with
an electrically heated conical mandrel in an apparatus as shown in
Fig. 1.
The mandrel is inserted into a conical hole reamed in the part to
be tested in such a \vay that portions of the conical part of the mandrel
of equal length protrude from both sides. The sample is pressed against
the mandrel with a force of 12 N. The means by which the force is
applied is then locked to prevent any further movement. However,
if the sample starts to soften or to melt during the test, a force just
sufficient to keep the sample in contact with the mandrel is applied to
the sample in the horizontal direction.
The mandrel is heated to a temperature of 3OO’C in approximately
3 minutes and is maintained within 10°C of this value for 2 minutes.
The temperature is measured by means of a thermocouple inside the
mandrel.

105
Is : 302 - 1979

THERMOCOUPLE

12
r

TER~I~INALs FOR
THERMOCOUPLE

I
1
I I

TERMINALS FOR THERMOCOUPLE

FIG. 15 HOT MANDRBLAPPARATUS

106
 IS:302-1979

During the period of 5 minutes, sparks of about 6 mm in length

are produced at the upper surface of the sample where the mandrel
protrudes and the sample is in contact with the mandrel. The sparks
arc produced by means of a high frequency generator, the electrodes
OFwhich are moved around the mandrel so as to cover the whole area
of the sample near the mandrel.
Neither the sample, nor any gases produced during the heating shall be
ignited by the sparks.
The tests are not made on parts of ceramic material, insulating parts
of commutators or brush-caps and the like, or on coil formers not used as
reinforced insulation.
Alternative method is given in Appendix J.
30.3 Insulating parts retaining live parts in position and supplementary
insulation of metal-encased Class II appliances shall be of material resistant
to tracking, if they are exposed to excessive deposition of moisture of dirt
in normal use, unless the creepage distances are at least equal to twice the
values specified in 29.1.
For materials other than ceramic, compliance is checked by the
following test:
A flat surface of the part to be tested, if possible at least 15 mm x
15 mm, is placed in the horizontal position.
Two electrodes of platinum or other sufficiently non-corrodible
material, with the dimensions shown in Fig. 16, are placed on the
surface of the sample in the manner shown in this figure, so that the
rounded edges are in contact with the sample over their whole length.
The force exerted on the surface by each electrode is about 1 N.
The electrodes are connected to a 50 Hz supply,such that the no-
load voltage is of substantially sine-wave form and has a value of
I75 V, which shall not be reduced by more than 11.5 V when the elec-
trodes are short-circuited. The total impedance of the circuit when
the electrodes are short-circuited is adjusted by means of a variable
resistor, so that the current is equal to 1.0 &- 0.1 A with a power factor
between 0.9 and 1. An overcurrent relay is included in the circuit,
the relay being so designed that, when the current has reached a value
of 0.5 A, the circuit is interrupted after a period which is as short as
possible but not less than 2 seconds.
The surface of the sample is wetted by allowing drops of a solu-
tion of ammonium chloride in distilled water to fall centrally between
the electrodes. The solution has a volume resistivity of 400 n cm
at 25°C corresponding to a concentration of about 0.1 percent. The
drops have a volume of 20 + G mm8 and fall from a height of 30 mm to
40 mm.

107
IS : 302 - 1979

:LECTRODE

SPECIMEN

-SUPPORT
I

2 +0.1

FIG. 16 ANDDIMENSIONS
ARRANGEMENT OF THEELECTRODES FOR
THE TRACKING TEST

108
 IS : 302- 1979

The time interval between one drop and the next is 30 f 5 seconds.
No flashover or breakdown between electrodes shall occur before
a total of 50 drops has fallen.
The test is made at three places on the sample.
Care is taken that the electrodes are clean, correctly positioned before
each test is started.
In case of doubt, the test is repeated, if necessary on a new sample.
The test is not made on insulating parts of commutators or brush-caps.

31. RESISTANCE TO RUSTING

31.1 Ferrous parts, the rusting of which might cause the appliance to fail
to comply with this standard, shall be adequately protected against rusting.
Compliance is checked by the following test:
All grease is removed from the parts to be tested by immersion in
carbon tetrachloride or trichlorethane for 10 minutes.
The parts are then immersed for 10 minutes in a 10 percent solu-
tion of ammonium chloride in water at a temperature of 27 f 5°C.
Without drying, but after shaking off any drops, the parts are
placed for 10 minutes in a box containing air saturated with moisture
at a temperature of 27 f 5°C.
After the parts have been dried for 10 minutes in a heating cabinet at
a temperature of 100 + 5°C their surfaces shall show no signs of rust.
Traces of rust on sharp edges and any yellowish film removable by
rubbing are ignored.
For small helical springs and the like, and for parts exposed to abra-
sion, a layer of grease may provide sufficient protection against rusting.
Such parts are only subjected to the test if there is doubt about the effective-
ness of the grease film, and the test is then made without previous removal
of the grease.

32. RADIATJON HAZARDS

32.1 Appliances shall not emit harmful radiation.
32.2 Compliance is checked by test. A test specification is given in indivi-
dual appliance standards if relevant.

33. F’INISH
33.1 The external finish used on metal components shall be of a heat and
moisture resisting nature and shall not be adversely affected by variations in

109
 I!3:302-1979

temperature under normal operating conditions or during the endurance

test. Copper, nickel and chromium electroplated coating shall conform
to provisions of Service Grade No. 1, as given in IS : lQ68 - 1968’.
33.2 Compliance is checked for the following requirements according to
the test methods given in IS : 1068 - 1968*:
a) Thickness of coating,
b) Adhesion, and
c) Corrosion.
NOTE - The thickness of electroplated coatings may be measured by BNF jet test
method and stripping method given in Appendices K and L. However, in case of
dispute the test shall be carried out as prescribed in IS : 1068-1968*.

APPENDIX A
( Clause 3.1 )
TABLE OF TYPE TESTS

TEST CLAUSE
ib. REFERENCE
1. Verification of markings 7
2. Protection against electric shock 8
3. Starting of motor-operated appliances 9
4. Input and current 10
5. Temperature-rise 11
6. Operation under overload conditions of appliances with 12
heating elements
7. Electrical insulation and leakage current at operating 13
temperature
8. Moisture resistance 15
9. Insulation resistance and electric strength ( after mois- 16
ture treatment )
10. Overload protection 17
11. Endurance 18
12. Abnormal operation 19
13. Stability and mechanical hazards 2\
14. Mechanical strength 21
15. Constructional requirements 22
16. Thermostats and thermal cutouts Appendix G
*Specification for electroplated coatings of nickel and chromium on iron and steel (first
revision ) .

110
 IS :302-1979

17. Test for multiple supply cables, and cord grip and cord 25
guard
18. Terminals 26
19. Provision for earthing 27
20. Screws and connections 28
21. Creepage distances and clearances 29
22. Resistance to heat, fire and tracking 30
23. Resistance to rusting 31
24. Finish 33

APPENDIX B
( Clause 4.1 )
SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS

B-l. LOT
B-l.1In any consignment, all appliances of the same make, model and type,
and manufactured under similar conditions of production shall be grouped
together to constitute a lot.

B-2. SELECTION OF SAMPLE

B-2.1 The number of appliances to be selected from the lot shall depend
upon the size of the lot and shall be in accordance with co1 1 and co1 2 of
Table 3.
TABLli3 SAMPLE SIZE AND CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY

Lo-r SIZE FIRST SECOND ACCEPTANCE FIRST SECOND

SAMPLE SAMPLE NUMBER REJECTION REJECTION
NUMBER NUMBER

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

up to 50 5 5 0 2 2
51 to 100 8 8 0 2 2
101 to 300 13 13 0 2 2
301 to 500 20 20 0 2 3
501 and above 32 32 0 3 4

B-2.1.1 These appliances shall be selected from the lot at random. In

order to ensure the randomness of selection, procedures given in IS : 4905 -
1968* may be followed.
*Methods for random sampling.

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IS : 302 - 1979

B-3. NUMBER OF TESTS AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY

B-3.1 The appliances selected at random according to co1 1 and 2 of Table 3,

shall be subjected to the acceptance tests specified in the individual appliance
specification. An appliance failing to satisfy any of the acceptance tests,
shall be considered as defective. The lot shall be considered as conforming
to the requirements if the number of defectives found in sample is less than or
equal to the acceptance number ( see co1 4 ) and shall be rejected if it is greater
than or equal to the first rejection number (see co1 5 ). If the number of
defective lies between the acceptance number and first rejection number,
the second sample of the same size ( see co1 3 ) shall be chosen at random and
tested. If the number of defectives found in the combined samples is greater
than or equal to the second rejection number (see co1 6), the lot shall be
rejected, otherwise the lot shall be accepted.

APPENDIX C
( Clauses 0.7 and 4.19 )
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

C-l. SCOPE

C-l.1 This appendix applies to circuits comprising an electronic device, an

electronic unit or an electronic assembly with components such as resistors,
capacitors and inductors, in the appliances specified under 1. All clauses
of this standard apply to electronic circuits except as modified in this appen-
dix or in individual appliance specification.

C-2. DEFkITONS
C-2.0 The following definitions apply.
C-2.1 Electronic Device - A part in which conduction is principally by
electrons moving through a vacuum, gas or semiconductor.
C-2.2 Electronic Unit - A group of components, at least one of which is
an electronic device, in which the components cannot be replaced without
damage.
An example of this is an integrated circuit.
C-2.3 Electronic Assembly - A group of components at least one of which
is an electronic device, but in which individual parts may be replaced without
damage to the assembly.
An example of this group of components mounted on a printed circuit
board.

112
 IS : 302- 1979

C-3. GENERAL NOTES ON TESTS

C-3.1 Cumulative stress as a result of sequential testing shall be avoided.
It may be neaessary to replace the effected samples or to use additional
samples. The number of samples should be kept to a minimum by an
evaluation of the relevant circuits.
C-3.2 Care shall be taken that, except for the test specified in C-3.3, the
supply shall be free of such perturbations from external sources as may
influence the results of the tests.
C-3.3 If an electronic unit is so enclosed that the testing of individual
components is impossible, then the entire electronic unit shall be considered
as a whole.
It is, however, permitted to take apart electronic units which are not
so vacuum sealed, completely encapsulated, mouled-in or potted that the
enclosure forms one moulded part with the enclosed components, for the
1, purpose of establishing creepage distances and clearances between live parts
f and other metal parts as specified in C-9.1.
C-3.4 If an electronic unit or assembly is tested separately, the conditions
of heat dissipation occurring when it is incorporated in the appliance are,
if necessary, simulated during the tests.
C-3.5 Al! measurements shall be carried out with instruments which do not
appreciably affect the values to be measured, and which are not affected by
factors such as waveform.

C-4. MARKING
C-4.1 If the supply could be protected by earth-leakage circuit breakers,
Class I appliances with electronic circuits where a f,?ilure of basic insulation
would permit earth-leakage currents with a dc component exceeding X mA
and exceeding also Y percent of the total earth-leakage current, shall be
accompanied by an instruction sheet giving the necessary information with
regard to the protection of the wiring by fuses or earth-leakage circuit
breakers.
C-4.2 The values X and Y depend on the type of earth-leakage circuit
breakers.

C-5. PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK

C-5.1 For the purpose of this clause, wiring terminals, contacts and
connectors are not regarded as live parts if:
a) the part is connected to the output terminals of a safety isolating
transformer, provided the output voltage of the transformer does
not exceed 42.4 V ac ( peak value) or 424 V dc; and

113
IS:302-1979

b) the current between the part and either pole of the supply source
through a non-inductive resistance of 2 000 & 100 does not exceed
0.7 mA ( peak value) or 2 mA dc and, moreover:
for voltage between 42.4 V ( peak value ) and 450 V ( peak value )
the capacitance does not exceed 0.1 pF;
for voltages between 450 V ( peak value ) and 15 kV ( peak
value ) the discharge does not exceed 4.5 PC; and
for voltages over 15 kV ( peak value ), the energy of the
discharge does not exceed 350 mJ.
C-5.2 Voltages and currents< are measured between the relevant part and
either pole of the supply source. Discharges are measured immediately
after the interruption of the supply.
C-S.3 In the presence of harmonics and of frequencies higher than supply
frequencies, the measurement of the ac Ieakage current shall be made with
a circuit having an impedance formed by a 2 000 f IOOQ resistive
component, including the resistance of the measuring instrument, shunted
by a capacitor of 112 f 6 nF.
C-5.4 Alternatively, an impedance of 1 500 f 75Q and 150 f 7.5 nF may
be used. The introduction of a time-limit for the measurement of the
discharge after interruption of the supply is under consideration. For fre-
quencies exceeding 1 kHz, the limit of 0.7 mA ( peak value ) is multiplied by
the value of the frequency in kHz, but must not exceed 70 mA ( peak value ).
C-5.5 The internal resistance of the voltmeter used for the measurements
should be at least 50 kQ.

C-6. INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH

C-6.1 In order to avoid overstressing of the components of electronic devices,
units or assemblies, arranged across insulation which need to be tested ac-
cording to the main part for dielectric strength and insulation resistance,
such tests are not made if they are not live in the sense of C-S.1 and if they
cannot be disconnected. lntegrated circuits and the like on the secondary
side of an isolating transformer are disconnected or removed before the tests
are made if they may be damaged or destroyed by capacitive charges or
currents.
C-6.2 If duriug this test a flashover or breakdown occurs over an insulation,
the appliance is net deemed to be unsatisfactory if the relevant insulation
shall cornpI! with the requirements of C-8.1.

C-7. ENDURANCE
C-7.1 Electronic components are tested as part of the appliance during
the tests of this standard.

114
 IS : 302- 1979

C-7.2 If during these tests a sample ceases to function as a result of the failure
of an electronic device, electronic unit or any other component which is
unlikely to cause any hazardous condition in the sense of C-8, that
component, electronis device or electronic unit is replaced and the test is
continued.
C-7.3 If during these tests the sample develops a fault which produces a
malfunction, the test is continued without rep!acemcnt of the component,
electronic device or electronic unit, provided that no hazardous condition
in the sense of C-S has been produced.

C-S. ABNORMAL OPERATION

C-8.1 Circuits shall be so designed and applied that any fault condition
will not render the appliance unsafe as regards electric shock, fire hazards,
mechanical hazards or dangerous malfunction.
C-8.2 Compliance is checked by simulating each of the following conditions
in turn and one at a time and associated with it those other fault conditions
which are an inevitable consequence.
C-S.3 Examination of the appliance and its circuit diagrams will generally
show the fault conditions which should be simulated.
The fault conditions to be considered are:
4 Short-circuiting of creepage distances and clearances between live
parts of different polarities if less than those of C-9 where a proper
encapsulation has not been used.
b) Short circuit across insulating parts which do not comply with the
requirements of C-6.
c> Short circuit across or, if applicable, open circuiting of electronic
devices, electronic units, and components such as resistors, capa-
citors and inductors. not complying with IS : 616-1957”. To
check shock risk in all appliances and fire hazard in appliances
intended for unattended use, all resistors, capacitors and inductors
are open or short-circuited whether or not they comply with
IS : 616-1957”.
C-S.4 For mechanical hazards in all appliances other than specifically men-
tioned in individual appliance specification and for fire risks in attended
appliances of the resistor or capacitor complies with the requirements in
IS : 616-1957+, it is not required to be short-circuited.
C-S.5 The appliance is operated at rated voltage or at the most unfavourable
voltage of the rated voltage range and under the most unfavourable normal
operating conditions as specified in 11. If the operating time specified in 11
consists of more than one operating cycle, the duration of the test shall be
equal to one operation cycle, if necessary.
*Code of safety requirements for main-operated radio receivers.

115
IS : 302 - 1979

C-S.6 Daring and after these tests, the appliance shall comply with the
requirements specified in 19.11.

C-9. CREEPAGE DISTANCES, CLEARAXES ,4ND DISTANCES

THROUGH INSULATIBN

C-9.1 Circuits conducliveiy connected to the supply tcrminnls or to supply

contacts shall comply with this standard.
C-9.2 Stipplerneat -~. Crecpage distances and clear~.nces in circuits separated
from the su;3!3iy by an isolating transformer;
for basic insulation between live parts of different polarity:
for the insu!:lt:on betlveen live parts;
and non-zcczssi!+c parts in Class II construction,
or/and nccesstble parts in construction according to other classes
of su~plcmcntary insulation;
shall not be less than the values shown in the following table.
For ruinforced insulation, they shall not be less than ttvice the values
si:,.)>::n i:l :hc tabis.
V IL’wki/?g ~‘Ohgt’ .2lii~brrrim .tii/:i/wm
( rms ) V ( peak ) c~lcfll!‘tlf?l.~’ CWi'pOgt?
mm distrmce
mm
13 Up to and ixcluding I7 0.19 0.40
30 Lind OVi’: Over 17 ::nd including 43 0.X 0.55
60 and o\er Ove: 43 and including S5 0.3s 0.72
130 and c?er 0~ S5 2nd including IS? 0.62 I.12
30 and over Over IS4 and including 354 1.15 i.95
Crecpagc al:d clearance distances stated above xc under consideration.
The distances throilgh insulation shall cc;mply \i?th the foilowing:
nor voltage up to 42.4 V ( peak ac or dc ). t!xre are no require-
mcnis. and
~0; vo:trrge exceeding 47.4 V ( pc:t!i ac or dc ). the insulation
m”,: compiy wit11 the requirements OT the volt.:~p: test of C-6.

C-10. O’PEK4TIB:d UNDER YiIAINS-WRNE PERTURBATION

C-10.1 Elecixnii controls and electronic control syr!ems shah not

xnlfilnction ‘bcxuse o f mains-borne perturbations in any way tint results in
a hazardous situation.

116
 IS : 302 - 1979

APPENDIX D
( Clause 11.3 )
MEASUREMENT OF TEiklPERATURE WITH
THERMOMETER

D-l. METHODS OF RiEASUREMEN’T

D-l.1 Three methods of temperature measurement are described in this

appendix, namely:
a) thermometer method,
b) thermocouple method, and
c) increase of resistance method.
D-1.1.1 Of these methods the latter two are more accurate methods
recognized for reference purposes.

D-2. THERMOMETER METHOD

D-2.1 Any of the following three types of thermometers may be employed:

a) Bulb thermometer containing mercury,
b) Bulb thermometer containing alcohol, and
c) Resistance thermometer.
D-2.1.1 Mercury-in-bulb thermometer is meffective where it is subject to
the action of ahernating magnetic fields, owing to consequent heating of the
mercury by the eddy currents which are induced in it. The effectiveness of
resistance thermometer in such applications depends on the construction of
the instrument.
D-2.1.2 Where bulb thermometers are used to measure the temperature of
a surface, either of the following procedures may be adopted, whichever is
appropriate to the particular case:
a) The bulb shall be surrounded by a single wrapping of tin-foil having
a thickness of not less than 0.025 mm. The foil shall be turned up
at the end to form a complete covering for the bulb, which shall then
be secured in contact with surface under test. The exposed part of
the wrapped bulb shall then be completely covered with a pad of
heat-insulating material without unduly shielding the test surface
from normal cooling.
b) The bulb, except at the point of contact, shall be covered with a pad
of felt, cotton-wool, or other non-conducting material of thickness
not less than 3.0 mm, extending at least 20 mm in every other

117
IS : 302 - 1979

direction from the bulb and pressed into contact with the surface
to which it is applied to prevent loss of heat by radiation and con-
vection from the bulb. It shall be ensured that the non-conducting
material does not interfere unduly with the normal coohng of the
test surface.
D-2.1.3 Any thermometer used shall be of marked immersion and known
accuracy.

D-3. THERMOCOUPLE METHOD

D-3.1 The two conductors between which the thermo-electric effect is pro-
duced shall be welded or hard-soldered at both the hot and the cold junctions,
care being taken to ensure that the wires at the junction make contact
at one point or the other, and are not twisted together ( see also IS : 2053 -
1962” ).
D-3.2 Thermocouples shall be affixed in a manner appropriate to the case, for
example, by tying, clamping, welding or soldering. The hot junction shall
be secured in position by means of a clip or pellet or solder, taking care that
any adjustment of the junction or part to which it is applied, are not impair-
ed thereby. Thermocouple circuit shall be earthed to minimize the effect of
capacity currents except where it is applied to live parts. Where a thermo-
couple is soldered to a portion of the appliance, under test, care should be
taken to avoid appreciably modifications of the physical characteristics of
the appliance by the temperature of the fluxes used in the soldering process.
Calibrated meter attached to the thermocouple shall give directly the
temperature of the surface measured.
Do.2.1 If the potentiometer is not equipped with cold junction compen-
sation, the cold junction should be contained in a vacuum flask containing
crushed ice.

D-4. INCREASE OF RESISTANCE METHOD

D-4.1 This method determines the average temperature of a conductor or

winding by’ measuring the increase of resistance produced by heating, and
only measures the mean temperature of the conductor or winding assuming
the conductors to be of pure copper as distinct from temperature at the
surface or at an isolated point, which may be determined by the methods
specified in D-2 and D-3.
D-4.2 The temperature of the conductor or winding shall be measured by
thermometer of thermocouple and the difference in temperature from the
surrounding atmosphere or medium shall be noted. At the same time the
*Specification for thermocouple pyrometers.

118
 IS : 302 - 1979

resistance of the conductor or winding shall also be measured without caus-

ing appreciable heating. The resistance of the conductor or winding when
hot shall then be measured and the temperature-rise shall be calculated from
the following formula:
-gx l+aT,
l+aT,
where
RI = cold resistance in ohms at temperature T,‘C.
R, - hot resistance in ohms at temperature T,‘C,
TI - initial temperature in “Celsius.
Tz - final temperature in “Celsius. and
1
LX= temperature coefficient of copper =
2345’

that is, T2 = + x ( 134.5 + TI) - 134.5

1
D-4.2.1 The necessary corrections to the final temperature T,“C, as
indicated by any initial variation betnsen T,‘C and the ambient temperature
may have to be made.
D-J.3 An approximate method is to ca!culate the temperature-rise on the
basis of 1°C for each 0.4 percrnt increase of resist,tncc.
D-4.4 The method, however. provides no indication of any points of
temperature higher than average.

APPENDIX E
( Clause 19.6 )
.ALTERNATIVE TESTS FOR PROTECTED JIOTOR USITS

Protected motor units of appliances intended for use unattended shall

withstand the foIlon%~g tests. if protection under stalled motor and/or
running overload conditions, as specified in 19.6 and 19.8, is provided.
,4 motor protector which can be rsset by hand. shall have a trip-free
s\vitshing mechanism.
The test of 19.6 is carried out 011 a separate sample. either in the appli-
ance or with the motor mounted on P. bench. The duration of the test
is as fOllOWi:
a) a motor ivith a self-resetting prctctctor is Tycled \vith a stalled rotor
for 3 days ( 73 hours ) for appiiances having a short-period of elec-
trical stress and for 18 days ( 432 hours ) for appliances having a
long period of electrical stress;

119
IS : 302 - 1979

b) a motor with a protector which can be reset by hand is operated

60 times with a stalled rotor, the protector being reset after each
operation as soon as possible for it to remain closed, but in not
less than 30 seconds.
Temperatures are observed at regular intervals during the first three
days for motors with self-resetting protectors, or during the first ten
operations for motors with protectors which can be reset by hand. The
temperature shall not exceed the values specified in 19.6.
During the test, the motor protector shall operate reliably and shal!
comply with the requirements of 8; no fire hazard shall occur.
After the period specified for the temperature measurement, the motor
shall withstand the electric strength test of 19.11.

APPENDIX F
( Clause 21.1 )
KIIPACT TEST APPARATUS

F-l. DESCRI[PTION FOR THE APPARATUS.

F-l.1 A typical impact apparatus is shown in Fig. 17.

F-l.2 The striking element has a hemispherical face of radius 10 mm made
of hardwood, polyamide or similar material weighing O-15 kg. It is rigidly
fixed to the lower end of a steel tube with an external diameter of 9 mm and
thickness 0.5 mm which is pivoted at its upper end in such a way that it
swings only in the vertical piane of the axis of the striking element. The axis
of the pivot is 1 m above the axis of the striking element. The design of the
apparatus is such that a force between I.0 N and 2.0 N has to be applied
to the face of the hammer to maintain the pendulum in a ho. izontal position.
F-l.3 The appliance is held against a solid wall of bricks, concrete or the
like, and the test apparatus is so arranged that the pivot of the pendulum
is vertically above the point of impact of the hammer. The strti in: element
is then allowed to fall from such a height of 250 mm. Three :h blo\vs
are applied to every part of the enclosure which is likely to be weak, including
handles, levers and the like, but excluding signal lamps and their covers if
these do not protrude from the enclosure by more than 3 mm or have a
surface not exceeding 3 cm2. Lamps within an appliance and their covers
are tested only if they are likely to be damaged in normal use.

120
 IS : 302 - 1979

RIGID /-PIVOT

POINT OF CONTACT

LRIGID SUPPGRT

FIG. 17 APPARATUS
FORIMPACTTEST

APPENDIX G
( Clause 24.1 )
THERMAL CONTROLS AND OVERLOAD RELEASES

G-l. Thermostats and temperature limiters shall have adequate making

and breaki L)capacity.
Compliance is checked by subjecting three samples to the tests of G-2
to G-4 under the following conditions:
If thermostats or temperature limiters are T-marked, one sample is
tested with the switch part at room temperature, and two samples are tested
with that part at a temperature in accordance with the marking.

121
IS : 302- 1979

Thermostats or temperature limiters not marked with individual

ratings may be tested in the appliance or separately, whichever is more
convenient, but unless otherwise specified, the test conditions are similar to
those occurring in the appliance.
During the tests, no sustained arcing shall occur.
After the tests, the samples shall show no damage impairing their
further use, electrical connections shall not have worked loose and the
thermostats shall withstand an electric strength test as specified in 16.4,
the test voltage for the insulation between the contacts being, however,
twice the voltage applied when the appliance is operated at rated voltage
or at the upper limit of the rated voltage range.
The switching frequency of the thermostat or temperature limiter may
be increased above the normal switching frequency inherent to the appliance,
provided that no greater risk of failure of the thermostat or temperature
limiter is induced.
If it is not possible to test the thermostats or temperature limiters sepa-
rately, it will be necessary to submit three samples of the appliance in which
the thermostat or temperature limiter is used.
G-2. Thermostats are caused, thermally, to perform 200 cycles of operation
( 200 makes and 20. breaks ) under the conditions prevailing in the appliance,
when the latter is operated at a voltage equal to 1.1 times the rated voltage
or to 1.1 times the upper limit of the rated voltage range, and under the
most unfavourable load occurring in normal use.
G-3. Thermostats are caused, thermally, to perform IO 000 cycles of opera-
tion ( 1Q000. makes and 10 000 breaks ) under the conditions prevailing in
the appliance, when the latter is operated at the rated voltage or at the upper
limit of the rated voltage range, and under normal load.
G-4. Temperature limiters are caused, thermally, to perform 1 000 cycles
of operation ( 1 000 makes and 1 000 breaks ) under the conditions prevail-
ing in the appliance when the latter is operated at the rated voltage or at the
upper limit of the rated voltage range, and under normal load.
G-S. Thermal cut-outs and overload releases shall operate reliably.
Compliance is checked by operating the appliance under the appropriate
conditions specified in 19.
Self-resetting thermal cut-outs and overload releases are caused to
operate 200 times; non-self-resetting thermal cut-outs and overload releases
are reset after each operation and thus caused to operate ten times.
After the tests, the samples shall show no damage impairing their
further use.

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 IS:3(n-1979

Forced cooling and resting periods may be introduced to prevent

damage to the appliance.
G-6. Thermostats, thermal cut-outs and overload releases shall be so con-
structed that their setting is not changed appreciably by heating, vibration,
etc, occurring in- normal use.
Compliance is checked by inspection during the tests of 19.

APPENDIX H
( Clause 29.1 )
MEASUREMENT OF CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND
CLEARANCES

The methods of measuring creepage distances and clearances to be used

in interpreting the requirements of 29.1 are indicated in Cases 1 to 10 of this
appendix.
These cases do not differentiate between gaps and grooves or between
types of insulation.
The following assumptions are made:
A groove may have parallel, converging or diverging sides.
Any groove having diverging sides, a minimum width exceeding
0.25 mm, a depth exceeding 1.5 m and a width at the bottom equal
to or greater than 1 mm, is regarded as an air gap ( see Case 8 ).
Any corner including an angle less than 8Q”is assumed to be bridged
with an insulating link of 1 mm width (0.25 mm for dirt-free situa-
tions ) moved into the most unfavourable position (see Case 3 ).
Where the distance across the top of a groove is 1 mm (O-25 mm
for dirt-free situations) or more, no creepage distance exists across
the air space ( see Case 2 ).
A creepage path is assumed not to exist if there is an air gap as
defined in item b) above exceeding Q.25 mm.
Creepage distances and clearances measured between parts moving
relative to each other are measured when these parts are in their
most unfavourable stationary positions.
A computed creepage distance is never less than a measured
clearance.
Any air gap less than 1 mm wide ( 0.25 mm for dirt-free situations )
is ignored in computing the total clearance.

123
IS : 302 - 1979

In the illustrations

indicates insulating material.

I 1 indicates conducting parts,

indicalrs rlrarancr, and

illdicates crwpage distance.

Condition --- Path under consideration includes a paralicl or collvcrging-aided groove of

any depth I\-ith a \\idth less thnn 1 mn~.

Rule _. Creepage distance and clearance are mrasured directly BCKSS the groo\-c
as shown.

CASE 1

Condition Path under consideration includes a parallc*l-sided groo\‘r of any depth and
equal to or more than 1 mm \vidr.

Rule - Clearance is the ‘line of sight’ distance. Creepage path follows the contour
of the groove.

CASE 2
 IS : 301 - 1979
d ,_lmm
/-

CASE 5
Condition Path under consideration includes an uncemcnted joint with grooves equal 10
or more than 1 mm wldr each side.
RUk -- Clearance is the ‘iine o!’ sight’ distal<ce. Creepage path follows the contou!’
of the groo\-cc.

Llmm_I /-- l-s- Llmm

1 ,

Condition - Path under consideration includes an uncemented joiut with a groove on one
side less than 1 mm rvide and thr groove on.the othrr sldc equal to or mo:~
than 1 mm wide.
Rule Clearance and creepage pathy arc as sho\\x~.

L-mm
I
L
t

Condition Path under consideration includes a diverging-sided groove equal to or greater

than 1.5 mm deep and greater than 095 mm widr at the narrowest part and
equal to or greater than 1 mm at the bottom.
Rule Clearance is the ‘line of sight’ distance. Creepage path follows the contoul
of the groove.
Case 3 applies as wrll to an internal corner if the angIe is less than 80’.

CASE 8

126
 1s : ,302 - 1979

Gap between head of .scrcw and wall of recess too narrow to be takcu into accoullt.

CASE9

Gap between head of screw and wall of recess wide enough to be taken into account.

CASE 10

127
IS : 302 . 1979

APPENDIX J
( Clause 30.1 )
TEST FOR FIRE-RESISTING PROPERTIES

J-1. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE

J-l.1 The specimen shall consist of a portion broken from the moulding
and shah weigh not less than 6 g nor more than 10 g. and shall be not more
than 10.0 mm in thickness measured from an externally cured face.

J-2, APPARATUS

J-2.1 The specimen shall be tested in the heating tube of an apparatus of

the general type, shown in Fig. 18, the pilot flame being located 20 mm
above the upper end of the specimen.
J-2.2 A support for the specimen shall be provided in the heating tube and
this may suitably consist of a light stirrup of nichrome wire, supported by
a length of nichrome wire passing.over the pilot flame tube. The support
shall be such that the specimen is fixed centrally in the heating tube, with its
largest dimension vertical.
5~2.3 The apparatus shall be heated by passing a suitably regulated electric
current through a nichrome resistance wire surrounding the heating tube.
J-2.4 Measurement of Temperature of Tube - The temperature of the tube
shall be taken as shown by a thermocouple situated at the level of the centre
of the specimen and equidistant from the inner surface of the heating tube
and the specimen. The wires of which the thermocouple is made shall be
not larger than 1.25 mm and not smaller than 0.462 mm in diameter and
shall be bare for a length of 25 mm from the junction.

J-3. TEST FOR FLAMMABILITY

J-3.1 The temperature of the tube shah be raised to 3QQ”C and the speci-
men shall be inserted in the tube. The temperature shall then be readjusted
to 300°C within a period of 3 minutes, and this temperature shall be main-
tained until a period of 5 minutes has elapsed from the time of insertion of
the specimen. During this period a conical cover at the top shall limit the
opening to approximately 6.5 cm2 while the air intake orifice at the bottom
shall be open approximately 0.65 cm2. At the end of the period of 5 minutes,
the specimen shall be removed from the tube. The material shall not be
deemed non-flammable if at any time during the test, the specimen flames
ox gives off flammable vapours in sufficient quantities to ignite at the pilot
flame.

128
EIXVATION AA
18A Details

,+- 9 VOLES,1 B CRlttED au L&P

IL-
! 190 73 26 SD

SECTION OF OVEN

18B Details of Test Oven

,111 dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 18 APPARATUS FOR IGNITION TEST-CCO~~~~
129
I8 :302-1979

18C Sketch of Assembled Apparatus

FIG. 18 APPARATUS
FORIGNITION
TEST

130
 IS : 301- 1979

APPENDIX K
( Chse 33.1 )
BNF JET TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS OF
COPPER AND NICKEL PLATING

K-l. PRINCIPLE OF METHOD

K-l.1 Allow a jet of corroding solution to impinge on a small area of the
surface to be tested, and measure the time required to penetrate the plating
layer. This time is a function of the thickness of the plating layer and of
the temperature. The thickness may then be obtained from a sLitably cali-
brated curve in which the time is plotted against the temperature for a given
thickness.

Ks2. APPARATUS
K-2.1 The apparatus ( see Fig. 19 ) shall have the following features:
a) Constant Head Device (A) - with a thermometer to indicate the
temperature of the reagent solution.
b) On-Off Stop-Cock (B)
c) Jet (C) - enclosed in glass guard tube and connected to the funnel
by rubber tubing.
d) Sliding Clamp (0)
e) Clamp for Test Specimen (E)
f) Dish to Receive Used Solution (F)
g) Base with Levelling Screws (G)
h) A Stop Watch - with ‘ Stop ’ and ‘ Go ’ arrangement to measure
the time of penetration.
K-2.2 The solution shall be delivered in jet form under a constant head of
254 mm through a nozzle, that is, a glass capillary tube of I.5 mm bore and
102 mm minimum ‘length drawn out into a smooth taper.
K-2.3 To have a correct velocity of flow, the dimensions of the tapered
portion shall be such that:
D-d
- shall lie between O-030 and OQ45
L

D = internal diameter of capillary tube,

d * internal diameter of the tip of nozzle, and
L = length of taper.

131
IS : 302 - 1979

K-2.3.1 The jet delivers 10 ml of water at 2WC in 27 to 29 seconds under

a head of 254 mm.

K-3. REAGENTS

K-3.0 The following reagents are required.

K-3.1 Test Solution -- Dissolve 300 g of ferric chloride ( FeCl,, 6H,O )

and 100 g of copper sulphate ( CuSO,, 5H,O ) in 1 litre of distilled water.

K-3.2 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid - sp gr I-16 ( conforming to IS :

265 - 1962” ).

K;4. PREPARATION OF SURFACE FOR TESTING

K~4.1 Degrease the test piece by rubbing with a damp cloth, on which light
magnesium oxide has been sprinkled. Rinse with acetone and dry it in
air. Do not use any abrasive.

K-4.2 In case of testing nickel deposit, dip the article in a mixture of equai
volumes of concentrated hydrochloric acid ( sp gr 1.16 ) and water, to remove
the slightly protective film on the surface of nickel.

K-5. METHOD OF TESTING

K-5.1 Clamp the degreased specimen so that the surface under test makes an
angle of about 45 degrees to the horizontal, and keep it about 6.5 mm below
the tip of the nozzle ( XC Fig. 19 ). Clamp the specimen in such a way that
there is no relative movement between the jet and the test piece and there is
free run of the solution into the dish placed below. The iiquid flowing over
specimen should present a smooth unbroken wide surface free of ripples and
turbulences.

K-5.2 Open the stop-cock and also start the stop-watch at exactly the same
moment. Stop both after 5 seconds and inspect sample for penetration.
Repeat the process until the first sign of penetration is seen.

K-5.2.1 Total time taken divided by the time required to penetrate 0.002 5
mm of deposits at the particular temperature of testing ( obtained from
Fig. 2(l), gives thickness of deposited coatings.

K-5.3 To get accurate results, it is desirable to have perforation time limit

of 2 seconds. It shall, therefore, be necessary to make a preliminary test
or tests.

*Specification for hydrochloric acid ( revised).

132
 IS : 302 - 1979

JET AN0 GUARD

TUBE

FIG. 19 APPARATUSFOR BNF JET TEST

K-5.4 In case it is desired to know that a coating applied is more than the
minimum thickness specified, the reagent shall be made to impinge on the
surface for a time corresponding to the specified minimum thickness and
examined for penetration spot.

KG.5 It is recommended that the test in case of any particular deposit of

metal should be standardized against deposits of known thickness made from
solution in question.

133
 TEMPERATURE IN ‘c

FIG. 20 TIME REQUIREDTO PENETRATE0.002 5 mm AT DIFFERENT

TEMPERATURES

Kd. INDICATIONS

K-6.1 Indications in Case of Penetration Of Copper Coatings-Penetration

of the copper coatings shall be indicated by the following signs:
Busis Metal Mark
4 Aluminium and zinc base alloys Black spot
b) Nickel White spot
4 Steel Copper spot (see Note )
NOTE- This spot is not readily detectable as it is of the same colour as the
surrounding sunace. To help distinguish, put 2 drops of either of the follow-

134
 CS : 302 - 1979

ing solutions:
a) One gram of antimony oxide added to 100 ml of concentrated hydrochloric
acid of sp gr 1.16 ( conforming to IS : 265-1962* ).
b) Chromium stripping solution (see L-l.1 ) diluted with equal volume of
water ( distilled ).

K-6.2 Indications in Case of Penetration of Nickel Coatings -- -. Penetration

of nickel coatings shall be indicated by the following signs:
Ba.k Metrrl hlark
a) Steel Copper spot ( set Note)
b) Copper Copper spot which shows up at once
c) Brass Brownish yellow spot
d) Aluminium Central black spot with a halo of copper
e) Zinc base alloys Black spot similar to that of aluminium
NOTE- ‘This copper spot is not formed until thr flow is stopped for a fee\.
seconds. Owing to the solubility of metallic copper in the excess of the
solution, a luminary copper coloured blush may form due to pores, but ;I
definite central perforation point should br obtained.

K-6.3 Indications in Case of Penetration of Bright Nickel Coatings--The

usual end-points given by the coatings sometimes show a darkening of the
test spot by non-adherent blackish matter, which may need to be wiped olF at
interval5 with a stub of paper.

K-6.3.1 Correction ficctor - - In case of bright nicke! deposited t’rom baths

containing cobalt and formaldehyde, no correction is required.

K-6.3.2 For bright nickel deposited from baths containing sulphonic acid
and other organic additives. multiply thickness. obtained by jet test by a
correction factor 1.5.

K-7. TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF ABNORMAL NICKEL

K-7.0 The test given in K-7.1 may be carried out to determine the abnormal
nickel requiring the use of a correction factor.

K-7.1 Roughen the surface slightly by rubbing with a wet cloth sprinkled
with pumice powder ( no other abrasive should be used ). Dry with a clean
cloth and apply a drop of a solution prepared by dissolving 20 g of chromic
acid in 10 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid, distilled water being added so
as to Geld 100 ml of the solution. Tf attack occurs rendering the drop brown
within 5 minutes, the deposit is of the type requiring the use of 1.5 correction
factor.
-..- -
*Sprcification for hydrochloric acid ( wired j.
IS : 302- 1979

K-S. TESTING OF COMPOSITE COATINGS

K-8.1 Nickel and Copper-Nickel on Steel - Penetration of the top nickel

coatings is indicated by a copper spot. This broadens out as the coating
dissolves away. Penetration of the middle copper coating is indicated by a
white nickel spot. This in turn broadens out as the test proceeds. Penetra-
tion of the bottom nickel coating is indicated by a copper spot due to copper-
ing of the exposed steel. Stripping solution should be allowed to impinge
only for short periods in succession to facilitate the detection of the end-
points.
K-8.2 Nickel Copper on Steel - The penetration of the top nickel coating
is shown by a copper spot. The penetration of the bottom copper coating
may be shown by the periodic application to the spot of two drops of anti-
mony indicator solution ( we Note under K-6.1 ). This should be applied
by means of the tip of a pipette ; such an application results in the formation
of black spot while the surrounding copper is almost unaffected.
K-8.2.1 If the bottom copper layer is a very thin ‘flash’ deposit, as is
usual in practice, it is practically impossible to measure it. No black spot
is formed with the antimony indicator solution: instead, ‘the copper spot
dissolves, leaving a light gray steel spot.
K-8.3 Nickel-Copper on Zinc Alloy Die Casting - Ferric chloride solution is
used and the penetration of the top nickel coating is indicated by the forma-
tion of a copper spot.
The penetration of the bottom copper coating is shown by a black spot
around which a copper halo often forms.
NOTE - If there is doubt as to whether a coating is single or composite, it is helpful
to rub through the coating locally with a file or abrasive paper; a layer of copper under
a nickel coating, for mampk=, can thus he recognized.

APPENDIX L
( Clause 33. I )
APPROXIMATE MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF
CHROMIUM ON NICKEL, STEEL AND COPPER

L-l. REAGENT

L-l.1 Chromium Stripping Solution- Dissolve 20 g of antimony trioxide

( Sb,O, ) in one litre of concentrated hydrochloric acid of sp gr 1.16 ( con-
forming to IS : 265-1962’” ).
*Specification for hydrochloric acid ( revised
)
 IS : 302 - 1979

L-2. PREPARATION OF SURFACE FOR TESTING

L-2.1 Rub the test piece with a mild abrasive. Degrease it by rubbing with
a damp cloth sprinkled over with fine pumice powder. magnesium oxide. 01
acetone. Dry it in air.

L-3. METHOD OF TESTING

L-3.1 Immerse the degreased specimen or the surface to be tested in chro-

mium stripping solution. In case of bulky articles, the test may be localized
by using a glass ring about 25 mm in diameter and 25 mm in height clamped
in close contact with the test piece and the joint made good by pressing
plasticine around the outside lower periphery of the ring.
L-3.2 To stop action on some parts of an article, the attack may be localized
to a selected area by coating the remaining surface Lvith nitrocellulose varnish.
L-4. Record the time, from the appearance of black lilm over the surface
under test to the cessation of gassing, by means of a stop watch. Note
down the temperature of the solution.
L-5. The thickness of deposit is obtained by simple proportion from the
time required to dissolve a unit thickness at the te,nperaturc of testing ( .~a’
Fig. 21 ).

0” 16

.z I4
0
cl I2
u-8

z IO

e
g
6

2
IO IS 20 25 30 3s

TEMPERATURE IN “C

FIG. 91 TIME REQUIRED TO DISSOLVE 0.0003 mm CHROMIUM AT

DIFFEREXT TEMPERATURFS

137
INDIAN STANDARDS

ON

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

IS :

302-1979 General and safety requirements for household and similar electrical appliances
(Jiith revision )
365-1965 Electric hot plates ( revised)
366-1976 Electric irons ( second revision )
367-1977 Electric kettles and jugs for household and similar use ( second revision)
368-1977 Electric immersion water heaters ( second revision)
369-1965 Electric radiators ( revised)
959-1966 Electric soldering irons ( revised)
1287-1965 Electric toasters ( revised)
1401-1970 Assessibility test probes (fist revision )
1415-1966 Electric hand lamps ( revised)
1416-1972 Safety transformer (first revision )
2082-1965 Storage type automatic electric water heaters ( revised)
2268-1966 Electric call bells and buzzers for indoor use ( revised)
2994-1965 Electric stoves
3010 (Part I )-1965 Appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets ( non-reversible three-pin
type ) : Part I Appliance connectors
3010 (Part II )-1965 Appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets ( non-reversible three-pin
type ) : Part II Appliance inlets
3017-1965 Thermostats for use with electric water heaters
3412-1965 Electric water boilers
3481-1966 Electric portable lamp stands and brackets
3514-1966 Electric coffee percolators ( non-regulator type )
3724-1966 Cartridge type heating elements ( non-embedded type )
3725-1966 Resistance wires, tapes and strips for heating elements
4158-1967 Solid embedded type electric heating elements
4159-1976 Mineral filled sheathed heating elements (jirst revision)
4165-1967 Thermostats for general purpose electric ovens
4250-1967 Domestic electric food mixers ( liquidizers, blenders and grinders )
5159-1969 Mains-operated electric shavers
5160-1969 Mains-operated synchronous clocks
5161-1969 Flexible electric heating pads for domestic use
5579-1970 Neon testers
5790-1970 Domestic electric cooking ovens
6290-1971 Steam irons
63651971 Laboratory electric ovens
6390-1971 Domestic electric clothes washing machines ( non-automatic )
6446-1972 Mica insulated heating elements
7137-1973 Portable, hand held mains-operated electric massagers
7153-1973 Domestic electric controls for household appliances
7154-1973 Mains-operated electric hair-dryers
7603-1975 Portable low speed food grinding machines
8506-1977 Laboratory electrical resistance furnaces
 AMENDMENT NO. 1 JULY 1983
TO

IS : 302 - 1979 GENERAL AND SAFETY

REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND
SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

Alteration

[ Page 19, clause 7.1(d) ] - Substitute the following for the existin!
item:
‘d) Rated output in watts or rated current in amperes. ’

Addenda

( Page 7, clause 0.7 ) - Add the following clause after 0.7 and
renumber the subsequent clauses accordingly:

‘0.8 Appliances are required to be proof against humid conditions which

may occur in normal use. For heating type appliances, compliance is
checked by subjecting the appliance to leakage current and high voltage
tests after humidity treatment as given in 16.2 and 16.4 respectively..
During the tests of 16.2 and 16.4 the appliance is not connected IO the
supply as in normal use and the test voltages are applied to various points
indicated in the table of clause 16.4. Thus the conditions of tests for
leakage current and high voltage as given in 13.2 and 13.3 ( where the
appliance is connected to the supply as in normal use ) are different from
those given in 16.2 and 16.4 in respect of leakage current and high voltage.

Heating appliances, particularly those operating at elevated

temperature absorb moisture during humidity treatment and thus values
behave, differently compared to the appliances which have not been
subjected to humidity treatment., However, a limit for an acceptable
deterioration of the heating elements due to humidity treatment has
to be ensured for satisfactory performance. The limit can be
specified either in terms of liberalized values of leakage current as
compared to the values given in 13.2 or by allowing certain recovery
time during which the appliance is operated as in normal use before
subjecting to the tests of 16.2 and 16.4. In this standard, the latter
method is adopted for specifying the acceptable limits of deterioration
during humidity treatment, and a recovery time of 10 minutes is allowed.
Thus a heating appliance can be operated for a period of 10 minutes as
in normal use before subjecting to leakage current and high voltage tests
as given in clause 16.2 and 16.4, the limits of the values remaining same
as under clauses 13.2 and 13.3.’
( Page 110, clause 33.1 ) - Add the following at the end of the
existing clause:
‘or Service Grade No. 1 of IS : 4827.1968t as applicable.’
( Page 110, clause 33.2, line 2 ) - Add the following at the end of
line of 2:
‘or IS : 4827-1968t as applicable.’
( Page 110, clause 33.2, JVoie ) - Add the following at the end of
the existing note:
‘or IS : 4827-1968t as applicable.’
( Page 110, foot-note with ‘ * ’ mark ) - Add the following new foot-
note after the existing foot-note:
ltSpecification of electroplated coatings of nickei and chromium on copper and
copper alloys.’

( ETDC 43 )

2
Printed at Stmco Prmtlne Prop. Oolhl. India
 AMENDMENT NO. 2 OCTOBER 1985
TO
IS:302-1979 GENERAL AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

(Fifth Reu i&n)

[Etqe 19, clause 7.1, i-tan(d) (see al=

Amendment No. 111 - Substitute the following for the
existing item:

'd) rated input In watts or kilowatts or rated

current in amperes.'

@mc 43)

Printed 8t Slmco Prlntlntt Proor. Delhi. Indta

 AMENDMENT NO. 3 MARCH 1988

IS : 302 - 1979 GE$RAL AND SAFETY

REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND
SIMILAR ELECTRlCAL APPLIANCES

( Fifth Revision )
( Page 15, clause 4.3 ) - Substitute the following for the existing
clause:
‘4.3 Unless otherwise specified in the individual appliance standards, the
test may be carried out in the order of the clauses except that the perfor-
mance tests ( clause 101 and subsequent clauses ) shall be carried out
before the tests for endurance ( clause 18 ) and abnormal operation
( clause 19 ).
NOTE 1 - Before testing is started. the appliance is operated at rated voltage
in order to verify that it is in working order.
NOTE 2 - In case the .appliance with heating element(s) is taken from shelf and
subjected to leakage current and high voltage tests in isolation, the tests shall be
conducted after 10 minutes of operation.’
( Page 35, Table 1, Para 4 ) - Substitute the following for the exist-
ing matter:
‘Terminals or terminations for type M, type Y or type Z attachments:
for power supply cords without T-marking 20
for power supply cords with T-marking T-40’
( Page 76, clause 23.5, Para 4 ) - Substitute ‘IS : 9968 ( Part 1 )- 198 1’
or its revision for ‘IS : 434 ( Part 1 )-1964 and IS : 434 ( Part 2 )-1964’.
( Page 76, first foot-note ) - Substitute the following for the exist-
ing matter pertaining to rubber insulated cables:
‘Specification for elastomer insulated cables: Part 1 For working
voltages up to and including 1 100 V.’
( Page 77, clause 24.1, last Para ) - Substitute the following for the
existing matter:
‘A specific exception with regard to the testing of switches, and
thermostats is made in the first note under Table 1 given on page 36.

( ETDC 43 )

Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi

 AMENDMENT NO. 4 OCTOBER 1989
TO
IS : 302 - 1979 GENERAL AND SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND
SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

( Fifith Revision )

( Page 51, clause 15.4, para 5 ) - Substitute the following for the
existing para:
‘The humidity treatment is carried out in a humidity cabinet containing
air with a relative humidity of not less than 90 percent. The temperature
of the air, at all places where samples can be located, is maintained at any
convenient value between 15OC and 35°C.’
( Page 76, clause 24.1, para 1 ) - Substitute the following for the
existing para:
‘24.1 The components generally used for household electrical appliances
are listed in 24.11 alongwith the relevant Indian Standards where available,
for information and guidance.’
( Page 109, clause 31.1, pura 2 ) - Substitute the following for the
existing para:
‘Compliance is checked by the following test:
All grease is removed from the parts to be tested by immersion in
carbon tetrachloride or trichlorethane for IO minutes.
The parts are then immersed for 10 minutes in a 10 percent solution
of ammonium chloride in water at a temperature between 15°C and
35°C.
Without drying but after shaking off any drops, the parts are piaced
for 10 minutes in a box containing air having not less than 90 percent
relative humidity and temperature between 15°C and 35°C.’

( ETDC 43 )

Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi

 AMENDMENT NO. 5 MARCH 1992
TO
IS 302 : 1979 GENERAL AND SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
(Fifth Revision)
(Designation) -Substitute ‘IS 302-l(1979)‘for ‘IS 302-1979’ wherever it
appears in the standard.

( First cover, pages 1 ond 6, title ) - Substitute the following for the
existing title:
‘Indian Standard

SAFETY OF HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

(Fifth Revision) ’
( Page 34, clarrse 11.8, pnra 4 ) - Substitute the following for the existing
matter:

‘t= R2-Rl (k+tl)-(~-1)

RI

where

t is the temperature-rise

RI is the resistance at the beginning of the test

R2 is the resistance at the end of the test

tt is the room temperature at the begimting of the test

12 is the room temperature at the end of the test

k is equal to 234.5 for copper winding and 225 for aluminium winding’

i
 [ Page 80, clause 24.11 (m) ] --Insert the following at the end:

‘II) Mica insulated IS 6446 : 1986 Specification for mica

heating element insulated beating elements (first revision )’

(ETD32)
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi

2
 AMENDMENT NO. 6 JUNE 1993
TO
IS 302-l ( 1979 ) SAFETY OF HOUSEHOLD AND
SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
( FijIh Revision)

[ Page 32, dame 11.2, para 3 (c) ] - Insert the following as (d) after the
entries against (c):
‘d) Heating element and other similar appliances shall be placed in the
test corner in such a way that their major axis are parallel to the floor
of the test corner. These shall be place in such a manner that the
distance of the heating element/appliances is about 15 cm from the
two walls and floor of the test corner. For this purpose, the heating
element/appliance can be suspended in the test corner so that there is
no significant obstruction to the heat radiated by the sample under
test.’
[ Page 80, clause 24.11 n (See also Amendment No. 5)] - Insert the
following at the end :
‘p ) Three pin plug made of IS 6538 : 1971 Specification
resilient material for three pin plugs made of resilient
material’

(ETD32)
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi
 AMENDMENT NO. 7 APRIL 1998
TO
IS 302-l (1979) SAFETY OF HOUSEHOLD AND
SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

(I;ifih Revision)

( Page 15, clnuse 4.2, excluding Nores 1 fo 5 ) - Substitute the following

fnr the e$stign D l=ntrif=s:
-------
‘Unless otherwise specified, the tests are made on a single appliance which shall
withstand the relevant tests. However, t&s of clauses 22 to 26 and 28 may.be
made on separate samples.’
 AMENDMENT NO. 8 JULY 243%)
TO
IS 302-l (1979) SAFETY OF HOUSEHOLD AND
SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANC%S
PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMEN’IS

( FiJh -Revision)

[ Page 34, clause 11.8, Formula ( see also Ame&w~:t No. 5 ) ] -

Substitute‘tl’ for ‘1’.

(ETD32) _I_
Reprography I’&;, 31s. New Delhi, India