Subject: GENERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Excerpts: 1) Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)

2) Airmen’s Information Manual (CAAP: PCAR)

3) General Reference Manual

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Search and Rescue services in the Philippines are organized in
accordance with International Standards and Recommended Practices of ICAO
(International Civil Aviation Organization) and overall responsibility for making
available the necessary facilities rest with the Department of National Defense
(DND).

1.2 Details of the National Rescue and Coordinating Center (NRCC) and related
rescue unit are given on page SAR 1.1. In addition, various elements of the
Philippine National Police organization, the Merchant Marine and the Armed
Forces are available for Search and Rescue missions, when required. The
Aeronautical, Maritime, and Public Telecommunications services are available
to the search and rescue organization.

1.3 Request for the entry of aircraft, equipment and personnel’s from other
States to engage in search for aircraft in distress or to rescue survivors of aircraft
accidents should be transmitted to the Director General of Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines (CAAP). Instructions as to the control which will be
exercised on the entry of such aircrafts and/or personnel’s will be given by the
Rescue Coordinating Center.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

1. AIRCRAFT IN EMERGENCY PHASE: UNCERTAINTY. ALERT. DISTRESS

1.1 A pilot in command of an aircraft having reason to believe that the
aircraft is in any emergency , shall, unless impossible or necessary, do the
following to obtain assistance:
 a) If at low altitudes, climb, if possible, to increase chance of radio or
radar contact.
b) I equipped with IFF (Transponder), Switch to Emergency Position 7700
c) Contact controlling agency and give nature of distress and pilot’s
intentions. If unable to contact controlling agency, attempt to contact
any agency on assigned frequency or any of contact of contact any
agency on assigned frequency or any of the following frequencies
(transmit and receive).

EMERGENCY FREQUENCIES

1. 121.5 MHZ - All military towers, mostly civil ATS facilities, FSS, VDF
stations.
2. 243.0 MHZ - OSV’S
3. 2182 KHZ – Some ships and boats at sea, most Coast Guard radio
stations and most Commercial cost stations.
4. 500 KHZ – Most large ships at sea, most Coast Guards radio stations,
most FSS, most Commercial stations.
5. 8364 KHZ – USN DF Stations. OSVs radio stations and some FSS.

EMERGENCY MESSAGE PROCEDURES

1. MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY (If Distress), PAN, PAN, PAN (If uncertainty
or alert) switch to 121.5 MHZ , squawk transponder 7700.
2. Aircraft identification (3times)
3. Aircraft type
4. Position or estimated position, time(Zulu/GMT/UTC)
5. Heading,( true or magnetic) state which
6. True Airspeed
7. Altitude
8. Fuel remaining in hours and minutes
9. Nature of Distress(engine trouble, fire, cabin fire, malfunction on vital
system, etc.)
10.Pilot’s intention (bail-out, ditching, crash landing etc.)
11.Assistance desired(fix, steer, escort, etc.)
 12.Two 10-seconds dashes with mike(voice) or key (CW) followed by aircraft
identification(once) over (voice) or K (CW)

Comply with instructions received. Accept the Communications Control

offered to you by the ground radio stations, silence interfering radio stations,
and do not shift to another ground stations unless absolutely necessary.

COMMUNICATION FAILURE

Pilot’s experiencing two-way communication failure is expected to adhere to

prescribed procedures. However, if a pilot should become lost, or of other
factors prevents the pilot from being able to comply with prescribed
procedures such pilot may attempt to alert civil or military radar system as
follows:

a) IF RECEIVER IS ONLY OPERATING – Fly triangular pattern to the RIGHT.

Hold each leg for 2 minutes (1 minute for jets). Complete a minimum
of 2 patterns before resuming original course and then repeat at 2
minutes intervals. When flying triangular patterns to the right, guard
emergency frequency (121.5 KHZ or 243.0 MHZ).
b) IF BOTH TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER ARE INOPERATIVE – Fly a
triangular pattern to the LEFT, in the same manner described above.

PILOT-IN-COMMAND INTERCEPTING A DISTRESS CALL/ OR MESSAGE

Whenever a distress call and or message is intercepted on radio telephony

or radio telegraphy by a pilot-in-command of an aircraft, other than a search
aircraft, he shall:

a) Plot the position of the aircraft in distress if given.

b) If possible take a bearing on the transmission
c) At the discretion, while awaiting instructions, proceed to the position
given in the distress signal.
PILOT-IN-COMMAND OBSERVING AN ACCIDENT

When a pilot-in-command of an aircraft observes that either another aircraft

or a surface is in distress, he shall unless he is unable in the circumstances of the
case, consider it unreasonable or unnecessary:

a) Keep in sight of the aircraft in distress until such time as his presence is
no longer necessary or until he is no longer able to remain in the
vicinity of the distressed aircraft.

AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION AND ACCIDENT INQUIRY

The authorized body to conduct inquiries concerning civil accidents within

Manila Flight Information Region (MFIR) and other territories under the
jurisdiction of the Republic of the Philippines is the Aircraft Accidents
Investigation and Inquiry Board (AAIIB) of the Civil Aviation Authority of the
Philippines (CAAP).

Emergency – A condition of distress or urgency.

Distress – Situation threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and required

immediate assistance.

Urgent – Situation which is not immediately dangerous requires prompt

assistance to avoid a potentially catastrophic event. Any urgency condition
which is not handled in a timely manner can develop to into a distress situation.

Special Emergency – is a condition of air piracy, or other hostile act by a person

or persons aboard an aircraft, which threatens the safety of the aircraft or its
passengers.

MAYDAY – Initial call in distress situation.

PAN-PAN-PAN – Initial call in urgency situation

Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) – A battery-operated radio transmitter
attached to the aircraft structure that transmits on 121.5 MHz and 243.9 MHz. It
aids in locating downed aircraft.

121.5 MHz. – Distress Frequency

243.0 Mhz./406 Mhz. – Distress Frequency Military

7700 – Transponder emergency Freq.

7600 – Transponder lost comm.

7500 – Transponder Hijack

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Emergency Procedures

Distress 5-33

ELT 5-34

Five C’s 5-33

Urgency 5-33
19. LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE
1. Wing Flaps -- AS DESIRED.
2. Approach -- NORMAL.
3. Touchdown—GOOD TIRE FIRST hold airplane off flat tire as long as possible with aileron
control.

20. EMERGENCY MESSAGE PROCEDURE

1. DISTRESS OR URGENCY 121.5MHZ/7700 MAYDAY! MAYDAY! MAYDAY!
2. Name of station addressed
3. Aircraft identification
4. Aircraft type
5.Nature of distress/Urgency
6.Weather
7. Intention/Request/Assistance desired
8.Present position/Heading
9. Altitude/TAS
10. FOB in hrs and minutes
11.POB
12. Any useful information
13. Two ten seconds dash on the mike

21. INTERCEPTION PROCEDURE

1. Approach
2. Identification
3. Post Identification

22. ENUMERATE IN ORDER THE ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKE-0FF.

1. Airspeed – 60 KIAS
2. Mixture – IDLE CUT-OFF
3. Fuel shutoff Valve – OFF
4. Ignition Switch- OFF
5. Wing Flaps – AS REQUIRED
6. Master Switch - OFF

23. ENUMERATE IN ORDER THE ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT.

1. Mixture – IDLE CUT-OFF
2. FUEL Shutoff Valve - OFF
3. Master Switch - OFF
4. Cabin Heat and Air – OFF (except wing root vents)
5. Airspeed – 85 KIAS (If fire is not extinguished, increase airspeed to find
which will provide an incombustible mixture)
6. Forced Landing – EXECUTE (as described in Emergency Landing Without
engine power

24. ENUMERATE IN ORDER THE ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF ROLL.

1. Throttle – IDLE
2. Brakes -APPLY
3. Wing Flaps - RETRACT
4. Mixture – IDLE CUT-OFF
5. Ignition Switch - OFF
6. Master Switch- OFF

25. ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT

1. Master Switch -- OFF.
2. All Other Switches (except ignition switch) -- OFF.
3. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat -- CLOSED.
4. Fire Extinguisher -- ACTIVATE (if available)
WARNING
After discharging an extinguisher within a closed cabin, ventilate the cabin.
5. If fire appears out and electrical power is necessary for continuance of flight:
6. Master Switch -- ON.
7. Circuit Breakers -- CHECK for faulty circuit, do not reset.
8. Radio/Electrical Switches -- ON one at a time, with delay after each until short circuit is
localized.
9. Vents/ Cabin Air/ Heat -- OPEN when it is ascertained that fire is completely extinguished.