Grounding System Design Optimization on
275 KV Betung Substation Based on IEEE
Standard 80-2000
1.a.
Ishak Kasim, 1.b.Syamsir Abduh, 1.c. Nur Fitryah
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Industrial Technology Faculty
Trisakti University
Jakarta, Indonesia
a
ishak@trisakti.ac.id, bsyamsir@trisakti.ac.id, cfitryahnur@gmail.com
Abstract—The demand of electricity transmission
toward regions for society, industrial and other
needs are increasing hence, making electricity
transmission and distribution increased as well.
The increase in electricity transmission and
distribution requires addition of Substation
construction. Substation constructions are crucial
for economic growth in Indonesia. This research
aims to design two models of grounding system, to
determine permissible touch voltages and
permissible step voltages, and to simulate both
designs using CYMGrd Software, whereby both
designs were compared to obtain optimal
grounding system at 275 KV Betung Substation.
With touch voltages and step voltages values of
1387.97 V and 364.6 KV in first model, and touch
voltages and step voltages of 1247.2 V and 112.39
V in second model, both model did not exceed
permissible touch voltages of 1409.58 V and
permissible step voltages of 5050.1 V. Final result
of this research showed that second design model
was more optimal compared with the first design
model.
Keywords—Substation; grounding system; CYMGrd
software; touch voltage and step voltage; IEEE 80-
2000 Standard.
I. INTRODUCTION
Substation is an integrated part of
electricity distribution and transmission. In
which certain power system centered in a place
containing transmission and distribution,
distribution tools, transformer, and safety tools
and control tools. The success of a power
system operation depends on efficient and
satisfying performance of a Substation.
Therefore, Substation could be said as core of a
power system [1]. Safety and reliability are the
two main matters in operation and design of an
electricity power system, including in
Substation design. To ensure that Substation is
978-602-50431-1-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Antonio Narino. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 17:57:48 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
safe and reliable, such Substation should have
grounding system [2]. Grounding system plays
important role in a Substation operation.
Grounding system provides connected neutral
point system, equipment, and support for
structure into the earth. Grounding system
ensures safety for every one that work inside
Substation. Grounding system also eases
interference finding into the earth and helps
controlling and protecting system [1].
Grounding system has crucial roles a
Substation, amongst them are to ensure people
or animal nearby grounded facilities not
affected by hazard from electric shock and to
provide means to carry electric currents into the
earth under normal and fault conditions without
exceeding any operating and equipment limits
or adversely affecting continuity of service [3].
With this crucial role of grounding
system, we conducted grounding system design
optimization on 275 KV Betung Substation
Project which aims to design two models of
grounding system by determining permissible
touch voltages and permissible step voltages on
275 Betung KV Substation, and simulating both
design models with CYMGrd Software.
Afterwards, both designs were compared to
obtain optimal design. Grounding system design
on 275 KV Betung Substation discussed in this
paper is grounding on equipment, and such
design carried out only on outdoor side which is
simulated using CYMGrd Software.
II. RESEARCH METHOD
A. Design Flowchart
Fig. 1. shows design flowchart on how to
design grounding system according to IEEE
Standard 80-2000:
400 2017 15th Intl. Conf. QiR: Intl. Symp. Elec. and Com. Eng
 Fig.1. Design Flowchart According to IEEE 80-2000 [3]

B. Determining Grid Conductor Size C. Touch Voltages and Step Voltages

Equation used to determine grid Someone’s safety depends on critical
conductor size is the following [3]: amount prevention from shock energy being
absorbed before the fault is cleared and the
(1) system de-energized. Maximum driving voltage
of any accidental circuit should not exceed the
determined limits below.
In which Permissible step voltages for 50 kg body
I rms current in kA weight [3]
Amm2 conductor cross section in mm2
Tm maximum allowable temperature in oC (2)
Ta the ambient temperature in oC
Tr reference temperature for material Permissible touch voltages for 50 kg
constant in oC body weight [3]
Įo thermal coefficient of resistivity at 0oC
o
in 1/ C
Įr thermal coefficient of resistivity at Tr (3)
reference temperature in 1/oC
ȡr resistivity from ground conductor at Tr In which :
reference temperature in μȍ-cm Estep step voltages in V
Ko 1/Įo or (1/Įo) - Tr in oC Etouch touch voltages in V
tc duration of current in s Cs surface layer derating factor,
TCAP thermal capacity per unit volume in in which Cs is
J/(cm3. oC)
(4)

401

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Antonio Narino. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 17:57:48 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 If protective surface layer is not used, then Cs = 1 and ȡs=ȡ.
ȡs earth surface resistivity in tf fault duration in s
ȍ.m Ta dc time offset constant in s
ts duration of shock current in Ig symmetrical grid current in A, in which
seconds. Ig is [4]

D. Determining Grid Maximum Current (7)

Grid maximum current is current
maximum value from grounding grid design
that could be calculated using the following In which
equation [3] RE grounding grid resistance in ȍ
IEtot total current through earth at the short-
(5) circuit location F
Zp driving point impedance in ȍ
In which Zp, IEtot, and r description discussed below
IG maximum grid current in A
Df decrement factor in s with
•
Fault Current Flowing Through The
Earthing Grid
(6) According to IEC 60909-3, short circuit
phase into the ground are mostly occur on
unbalance short circuit.
In which:
Fig. 2 shows that transformer of (9)
substation B with feeders coming in from
adjacent substation A and C. In which equal In which,
to three times of zero sequence current that flow IEtot total current through earth at the short-
into short-circuit location F [4]: circuit location F in kA
r reduction factor from overhead line
(8) (OHL)
I(0) short-circuit current of zero sequence
Total current through earth at the short- Driving point impedance from Substation is
circuit location F on Substation which
connected to the other Substation is:

IWA IWC Earth Wire

3I(0)A 3I(0)B
3I(0)C

I”k
3I(0)B

B C
A

ZEB
ZEA ZEC
UEB

IEA IEB IEC

IA 31(0)A IC 31(0)C Reference Earth

IEC 223303

Fig. 2. Partial Short-Circuit Current on Short Circuit Phase into the Ground on Substation B [4]

402

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Antonio Narino. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 17:57:48 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 (10) with

In which, in which
ZP driving point impedance in ȍ resistance per unit length from earth
ZW earth wire impedance between two wires
towers, where ZW [4] rWW equivalent earth wire radius
rW earth wire radius
(11) for 1 earth wire: rWW = rW
for 2 earth wires:
• Reduction Factor for Overhead Line v total earth wire
(OHL) dWL geometric mean distance between earth
The following equation used to calculate wire and phase conductor L1, L2, and
reduction factor for OHL [4] L3
Ȧ angular frequency: Ȧ = 2ʌf
(12) permeability in the air:

relative permeability from earth wire

In which
ȡ ground resistivity
earth wire impedance per unit length
with
III. RESULT
(13) Table 1 shows calculation needed
before designing grounding system. With grid
mutual impedance per unit length installation, deep 0.8 m beneath the surface,
between earth wire and parallel phase mesh grid size was 10 × 10 m, and 0.2 m gravel
conductors with the same return grounding surface installed on Substation. Table 2 shows
grid form of both design model.
(14)

TABLE I. CALCULATION NEEDED BEFORE DESIGNING GROUNDING SYSTEM

No. Calculation Result Equation

1. a. Burried conductor (Amm2) 70.96 mm2 1

b. Down lead from apparatus (Amm2) 141.92 mm2
2. (į) 1446.73 m -
3. Earth wire impedance per unit length (Z’W) 1.139 + j 1.174 ȍ/km 13
4. Earth wire impedance between two towers (ZW) 0.573 ȍ 11
5. Driving point impedance (Zp) 2.70 ȍ 10
6. Mutual impedance per unit length between earth wire and parallel phase 0.05 + j 0.30 ȍ/km 14
conductor (Z’WL)
7. Reduction factor (r) 0.85 ȍ 12
8. Total current through earth at the short-circuit location F (IEtot) 34.14 kA 9
9. Symmetrical grid current (Ig) 13.23 kA 7
10. Decrement factor (Df) 1.044 6
11. Maximum grid current (IG) 13.81 kA 5
12. Derating factor (Cs) 0.8251 4
13. Permissible touch voltage (Etouch) 1409.58 V 3
14. Permissible step voltage (Estep) 5050.10 V 2

403

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Antonio Narino. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 17:57:48 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 TABLE 2. FIGURE OF BOTH DESIGN MODEL

Model 1

Model 2

In first design model, Bare Copper 276 rods were used. Table 3 shows potential
Conductor (BCC) used were 5,334.35 m and 12 contour simulation result on both design model
rods were used. Meanwhile on the second
design model, 5,089.49 m BCC were used and

404

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Antonio Narino. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 17:57:48 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 TABLE 3. CONTOUR SIMULATION RESULT ON BOTH DESIGN MODEL

Model 1

Model 2

Table 4 shows potential profile simulation

result on both design model.

405

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Antonio Narino. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 17:57:48 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 TABLE 4. POTENTIAL PROFILE SIMULATION RESULT ON BOTH DESIGN MODEL

Model 1

Model 2

In the first model, highest touch Table 5 shows optimization from

voltages and step voltages value were 1,387.97 grounding design on 275 KV Betung
V and 364.6 V respectively, meanwhile in the Substation.
second model the values were 1,247.2 V and
112.39 V for highest touch voltages and step
voltages respectively.

406

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Antonio Narino. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 17:57:48 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 TABLE 5. OPTIMALIZATION OF BOTH GROUNDING SYSTEM DESIGN OF 275 KV BETUNG
SUBSTATION

Parameter Model 1 Model 2

Permissible Etouch 1409.58 V

Permissible Estep 5050.1 V

Etouch actual 1387.97 V 1247.2 V

Technical
Estep actual 364.6 V 112.39 V

Rg 0.588699 ȍ 0.530937 ȍ

GPR 8313.33 V 7969.95 V

Total BCC Length 5,334.35 m 5,089.49 m

Economical Total Rod 12 pcs 276 pcs

Total Price* (IDR) Rp 4,561,053,777.78 Rp 3,810,225,872.65

IV. CONCLUSION
1. There were two grounding design models
simulated in this research of grounding
system design optimization on 275 kV
Betung Substation. First model used 12
rods and 5,334.5 m BCC. Meanwhile
second model made with more rods, 276
rods and grounding BCC was made
loose, 5,089.49 m
2. In first model, Etouch actual and Estep
actual was 1,387.97 V and 364.6 V
respectively. Meanwhile on the second
model, Etouch actual and Estep actual were
1,247.2 V and 112.39 V respectively. On
permissible Etouch and Estep and manually
calculated, permissible Etouch and Estep
value was 1,409.58 V and 5,050.1 V
respectively. These showed that both
design model had complied with the
permissible Etouch and Estep or both design
was safe.
3. Upon the comparison of both design,
economically it was predicted that cost
needed to construct second grounding
system design model on 275 kV Betung
Substation was Rp 3,810,225,872.65,
cheaper than cost estimation for first
grounding system design model of Rp
4,561,053,777.78.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Researcher would like to thank source person
and all supporting parties in data collection and
processing in this research. Eventually,
researcher hope that Allah SWT would grant
His grace and blessing for all parties supporting
the completion of this article.
REFERENCES
[1] K. A. Vyas; J. G. Jamnani, “Optimal Design
of Grounding System for HV/EHV
Substations in Two Layered Soil”,
International Journal of Emerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering,
Gujarat, 2012, pp. 383 – 392, Vol. 2 (5).
[2] M. A. Adelian, “Improvement of Substation
Earthing”, International Journal of
Engineering and Advanced Technology,
2014, pp. 100 – 104, Vol. 3 (4).
[3] IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation
Grounding, IEEE Standard 80-2000, 2000.
[4] S. Ishak, “Module Earthing Calculation Note
Using Excel Spread Sheet and CYMGrd
Software”, Jakarta : -, 2014, Chapter 2

407

Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad Antonio Narino. Downloaded on May 30,2020 at 17:57:48 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.