TUTORIAL

Subject Code: 2180903 Subject Name: Power System Planning and Design

TRANSMISSION LINES DESIGN

Q.1 What are corona losses? Discuss its significance and permissible limit. Explain Peek’s
and Peterson’s formula for calculating the corona loss.
OR
Explain the Corona effects and loss with standard formula.
OR
What are corona losses? Explain Peek’s and Peterson’s formula for calculating the
corona loss. What is the permissible limit?
Q.2 Discuss the following factors to be taken into consideration in the mechanical design of a
transmission line.
(1) Loading on the conductors. (2) Span, sag and tension. (3) Clearance from the ground.
Q.3 Explain the use of bundled conductors in EHV transmission lines. Also explain how the
spacing, selection of size and number of conductors for the EHV lines is done.
Q.4 Define Surge Impedance Loading. Explain the significance of it in Transmission Line
design.
Q.5 It is proposed to transmit 100 MW at 0.9 power factor lagging over a distance of 200 km.
Select the line voltage, number of circuits, proper conductor and span for this line
making use of the tables attached and hence find the line parameters and line regulation.
Estimate the corona loss and find the line efficiency. Make use of the standard tables.
Q.6 Explain the factors while considering choice and spacing of conductors for Transmission
Line design.
Q.7 Determine ABCD constants and Regulation of 3-phase Transmission line considering
following data.
Power = 85,000 kW, p.f.= 0.9 lagging, Distance = 160 km, Voltage = 230 kV,
Spacing of conductors = 10.2 m, Resistance/km = 0.22 Ω, outer radius R = 0.827 cm, Self
GMD = 0.768 R

Power System Planning and Design [2180903] | Electrical Engineering Department, S.S.A.S.I.T., Surat
 Q.8 Determine ABCD constants and regulation of 3-phase transmission line considering
following data.
Power = 85,000 kw, power factor = 0.85 lagging, Distance = 160 km, voltage =230 KV,
spacing of conductors= 10.2 m, Resistance/km = 0.21 Ω, outer radius R = 0.827 cm, Self
GMD= 0.768 R
Q.9 Write short notes on EHV System in India.
Q.10 What are the design considerations for EHV transmission line? Explain radio and
television interference.
Q.11 Discuss the following factors to be taken into consideration in the mechanical design of a
transmission line. (1) Clearance from the ground (2) Earthing (3) Span, sag
Q.12 Explain the factors while considering choice and spacing of conductors for transmission
line design.
Q.13 Explain the different types of EHV towers. List out the EHV systems in INDIA.
Q.14 What do you mean by compensation with refer to transmission line? Explain series
compensation.

DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Q.1 Explain the following distribution systems with figures.
(1) Radial system. (2) Parallel or loop system. (3) Network or grid system.
Q.2 What is lamp flicker? What are its causes? What type of loads is responsible for it? How
can it be reduced?
Q.3 Discuss Kelvin’s law to find the most economical conductor size. What are the limitations
of this law?
OR
Explain the role of Kelvin’s law for the selection and size of feeders.
Q.4 Discuss in detail the steps in planning and designing electrical distribution schemes.
Q.5 Discuss briefly the design consideration in distribution system. Define and explain the
terms Feeder, Distribution and Service mains.
Q.6 Explain classification of lamp flicker and remedies for reducing lamp flicker.
Q.7 Explain the design of cables considering the ampere capacity.
Q.8 A single phase a.c. distributor 500 m long has a total loop impedance of
(0.02 +j0.04) Ω and is fed from one end at 250 V. It is loaded as under:
Power System Planning and Design [2180903] | Electrical Engineering Department, S.S.A.S.I.T., Surat
 (1) 50 A at unity power factor, 200 m from the feeding point.
(2) 100 A at 0.8 power factor lag, 300 m from the feeding point.
(3) 50 A at 0.6 power factor lag, at the far end. Calculate the total voltage drop in the
distributor and the voltage at the far end.
Q.9 A two conductor street main AB, 500 meters in length is fed from both the ends at 250 V.
Loads of 50 A,60 A, 40 A and 30 A are tapped at distances of 100 m, 250 m, 350 m and
400 m from the end A respectively. If the cross section of the conductors is 1 cm2 and
specific resistance of the material of the conductors is 1.7μ Ω-cm, determine the
minimum consumer voltage.
Q.10 Find the most economical cross-section of a 3 core distributor cable 250 m long
supplying a load of 80 kW at 400 V and 0.8 power factor lagging for 4000 hours per
annum and open circuited for the remaining of the year. The cost of the cable including
installation is Rs. (15a +25) per meter where ‘a’ is the area of each conductor in sq. cm.
Interest and depreciation rate is 10 % and the cost of energy wasted is 10 paisa per unit.
The resistance per km of the conductor of 1 cm2 cross
section is 0.173 Ω.
Q.11 The following loads are connected to a three phase four wire 415/230 V distribution
system.
(1) A three phase 15 kW load at 0.9 power factor lagging.
(2) A three phase 8 kW load at unity power factor.
(3) A single phase 1.5 kW load at 0.8 power factor lagging between the phase R & neutral.
(4) A single phase 3 kW load at 0.9 power factor leading between the phase Y & neutral.
(5) A single phase 2 kW load at unity power factor between the phase B and neutral.
The phase sequence is RYB. Calculate the currents in each line and current in Neutral.
Q-12 A 2 wire d.c. distributor AB is fed from both ends. At point A, the voltage is maintained at
240 V and at B 245 V. The total length of the distribution is 200 meters and loads are
tapped off as under:
25A at 50 meters from A; 50A at 75 meters from A;
30 A at 100 meters from A; 40 A at 150 meters from A.
If the resistance per km of one conductor is 0.3 Ω., Calculate (1) The current in the
various sections of distributor. (2) The minimum voltage & the point at which it occurs.
Q.13 A 3 phase star connected system with 230 Volts between each phase and neutral has
resistances of 4Ω, 5Ω and 6Ω respectively in three phases. Estimate the current flowing in
each phase and the neutral current. Find the total power absorbed.
Q.14 The following loads are connected to a three phase four wire 415/230 V distribution
system.
(1) A three phase 12 KW load at 0.85 power factor lagging.
(2) A three phase 9 KW load at unity power factor.
(3) A single phase 1.2 KW load at 0.85 power factor lagging between phase R & neutral.
Power System Planning and Design [2180903] | Electrical Engineering Department, S.S.A.S.I.T., Surat
 (4) A single phase 2.5 KW load at 0.9 power factor leading between phase Y & neutral.
(5) A single phase 2 KW load at unity power factor between the phase B and neutral.
The phase sequence is RYB. Calculate the currents in each line and current in Neutral.

POWER SYSTEM EARTHING

Q.1 Explain methods of reducing tower footing resistance.
Q.2 Explain station earthing system with earthing grid.
Q.3 Explain any one method of measuring soil resistivity and earthing resistance.
Q.4 Explain Step and Touch potential.

INSULATION COORDINATION
Q.1 Write a note on location of lighting arrestor.
Q.2 How is the selection of arrester voltage rating, discharge current and discharge voltage
done?
Q.3 Write a short note on Insulation Co-ordination.
Q.4 Explain different ratings of lightning arrestor.
Q.5 What is ‘BIL’? Write a short note over that.
Q.6 Define basic insulation level. Explain the insulation levels of substation equipment.
Q.7 Explain the working principle of Lightning Arrester. Explain the construction of Horn Gap
type Arrester.

POWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT

Q.1 Explain the methods of power system improvements with reference to improvement on
L.T. system, 11 KV feeders, shunt compensation, transformer capacities, sub-
transmission lines and new substations.
Q.2 How are the losses in the system determined before system improvement measures and
after system improvement measures?
Q.3 What are the causes of high losses and poor voltage regulation in a power system? What

Power System Planning and Design [2180903] | Electrical Engineering Department, S.S.A.S.I.T., Surat
 are the points to be considered in system improvement to bring it to normal operation
with voltage regulation within limits and better efficiency?
Q.4 What are the considerations in locating the distribution transformer centers?
Q.5 What are the financial considerations to make the system improvement scheme viable?
Q.6 How do you determine the voltage regulation of a loaded feeder with concentrated loads
at given distances? Explain with illustration of a case on 11 KV feeder.

POWER SYSTEM PLANNING

Q.1 Discuss the various methods of power system planning with reference to:
(1) load forecasting.
(2) generation planning.
(3) transmission line expansion planning.
Q.2 Explain the methods of transmission system planning.
Q.3 Explain the importance of planning power system with reliability considerations. How is
the reliability measured?
Q.4 Describe the trends in power system planning in India with respect to:
(1) load forecasts (2) transmission line capacities (3) 400 KV transmission (4) EHV, UHV
and HVDC transmission (5) load dispatching stations and their requirements.

Power System Planning and Design [2180903] | Electrical Engineering Department, S.S.A.S.I.T., Surat