SIR M.

VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BANGALORE

Electrical and Electronics Department

Subject and code: Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation (BEE306B)

Sem: III Section: B

Module-1
Q. No Questions CO
1 What are desired, modifying and interfering inputs for instrument systems? Explain 1
these inputs with the help of measurement of produced using Wheatstone bridge?
2 Define input filtering and output filtering. Explain with suitable example. 1

3 Explain how the effects of modifying and interfering inputs are minimized 1
/eliminated in measurement system, with suitable examples in detail.
4 What are the errors in measurement systems? 1

5 Explain the precision and accuracy in measuring system. 1

6 What are the basic blocks of a Generalized Instrumentation System? Draw the 1
various blocks and explain their functions.
7 List the advantages of electronic instruments over electrical and mechanical 1
instruments.
8 What are “Desired”, “Modifying” and “Interfering” inputs for an instrumentation 1
system? Draw a block diagram for showing their influence on the output.
9 List the differences between Deflection and Null type instruments. 1

10 Explain how the effects of modifying and interfering inputs are minimized 1
/eliminated in measurement system. Explain with suitable example.
11 Define “input faltering” and “output filtering”. Explain with suitable example. 1
 Module-2
Q. No Questions CO
1 Draw the circuit of a Wheatstone bridge and derive the conditions of balance.
2 Derive the expression for bridge sensitivity for a Wheatstone bridge with equal
arms. Find also the expression for current through the galvanometer for a small
unbalance.
3 What are the different factors which affect the precision measurement of medium
resistances with Wheatstone bridge? Explain how their effects are minimized/
eliminated.
4 What are the different problems associated with measurement of low resistance.
Explain the principle of working a Kelvin’s double bridge and explain how the
effect of contact resistance and resistance of leads is eliminated.
5 Draw the circuit of Kelvin’s Double bridge used for measurement of low resistance.
Derive the condition for balance.
6 Describe the working of a Megohm bridge
7 What is the importance of the value of Earth’s resistance? What are the factors
which influence its value? Describe the fall of potential method for measurement of
earth resistance.
8 Describe the construction and working of an earth tester. Explain how it can be used
for measurement of resistance of an earthing electrode.
9 Describe the sources and the null detectors that are used for a.c bridges.
10 Derive the equations for balance in the case of Maxwell’s inductance capacitance
bridge. Draw the phasor diagram for balance conditions.
11 Describe the working of Hay’s bridge for measurement of inductance. Derive the
equations for balance and draw the phasor diagram under balance conditions. Why
this bridge suited for measurement of inductance of high Q coils.
12 Derive the equations of balance for an Anderson’s bridge. Draw the phasor diagram
for balance conditions. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this bridge.
13 Describe how an unknown capacitance can be measured with the help of D’Sauty’s
bridge. What are the limitations of this bridge and how they are overcome by using a
modified form of D’Sauty’s bridge? Draw phasor diagram to illustrate your answer.
14 Describe the working of a low voltage Schering bridge. Derive the equations for
capacitance and dissipation factor. Draw the phasor diagram of the bridge under
conditions of balance.
15 What are the modifications and additional features incorporated in a low voltage
Schering bridge for it to be used on high voltage? Explain.

Note: Problems on all types of bridges are compulsory in this

module
 Module-3

Q. No Questions CO
1 Describe how high currents and voltages are measured with the help of instrument
transformers. Draw diagrams to illustrate it. Describe the advantages of instrument
transformers as regards extension of range of current and voltage on high voltage a.c
systems.
2 Explain the disadvantages of shunts and multipliers when used for extension of
range. Explain how instrument transformers are a better substitute for shunts and
multipliers especially for high range values.
3 Draw the equivalent circuit and phasor diagram of a current transformer. Derive the
expression for ratio and phase angle errors.
4 Explain the effect of secondary burden on the ratio and phase errors of a current
transformer.
5 Explain the effect of the following on the performance of current transformer:
6 Discuss the major sources of errors in current transformers. Discuss them. Describe
the design and constructional features used in current transformers to reduce the
errors.
7 Describe the constructional details of wound and bar type current transformers for
the deduction of ratio and phase angle errors. Describe the features incorporated in
the windings to reduce the leakage reactance.
8 Explain the method of urns compensation used in current transformers to reduce
ratio errors. Explain with suitable example.
9 Explain the Wilson Compensation method for reduction of errors in current
transformer.
10 Draw the equivalent circuit and phasor of a potential transformer. Derive the
expression for its ratio and phase angle errors.
11 Describe the effect of the following on the characteristics of a potential transformer:
i) Burden (VA) of secondary winding circuit
ii) power factor of secondary winding circuit
iii) frequency
iv) supply voltage
12 Describe briefly the different types of tests that are used for testing of magnetic
materials.
13 Describe a method of experimental determination of flux density in a specimen of
magnetic material using a ballistic galvanometer. Explain how the correction for
flux in the air space between the specimen and the coil is applied.
14 Explain the method for experimental measurement of magnetizing force acting on a
specimen of magnetic material.
15 Explain the measurement of leakage factor with flux meter.
 Module-4
Q. No Questions CO
1 Describe the circuit diagram and operation of a true RMS reading voltmeter using
thermocouples. Explain how these voltmeters are free from waveform errors.
2 Explain with help of a block diagram, the various parts of an electronic multimeter.
3 Explain the ohmmeter part of an electronic multimeter. Describe how Rx1,Rx10 and
Rx100 range are obtained in this instrument.
4 Explain the functioning of a ramp type digital voltmeter.
5 Describe the working of an integrating type digital voltmeter.
6 Describe the working of successive approximation type digital voltmeter.
7 Explain the digital electronic energy meter, with a suitable block diagram.
8 Describe the Q meter.
 Module-5
Q. No Questions CO
1 Explain the advantages of digital indicating instruments over their analog
counterparts.
2 Explain the functioning of a basic type of strip chart recorder. Explain the different
types of marking mechanisms used in it.
3 Explain the theory and working of an LED
4 Explain the theory and working of LCDs. Describe the difference between light
scattering and field effect types of LCDs. Also explain the advantages of LCDs.
5 Describe the principle and working of Nixie tubes.
6 Explain the functioning of a 5x7 LED matrix display.
7 Describe the working of a galvanometric type strip chart recorder. What are the
different types of tracing systems used in it? Explain with the help of suitable
diagrams.
8 Explain with the help of a diagram, a null type recorder. Distinguish between single
point and multipoint recorders.
9 What is an XY recorder? Explain its working principle with a suitable circuit
diagram. How do you distinguish from a X-t or Y-t recorders?
10 Describe the working of an ultraviolet recorder. Explain its applications.
11 Describe the different methods used for digital tape recording. Explain its
advantages and disadvantages.

Faculty: Vijayalakshmi A K