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IManager U2000 Unified Network Managemen
IManager U2000 Unified Network Managemen
System
V100R002C01
Product Description
Issue 05
Date 2010-11-19
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Intended Audience
The iManager U2000 Product Description describes the position, functional characteristics,
system architecture and networking mode of the U2000, appended with standards that the
U2000 complies with, and performance indexes.
This document provides guides for getting the features and functionalities of the U2000.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
3 Configuration Requirements
This chapter is added to describes the software and hardware configuration requirements of the
U2000.
Contents
2 System Architecture...................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Software Structure...........................................................................................................................................2-2
2.1.1 Software Structure of the U2000 Single-Server System........................................................................2-2
2.1.2 Software Structure of the U2000 HA System (Veritas Hot Standby)....................................................2-3
2.2 External Interfaces...........................................................................................................................................2-4
2.2.1 NBI.........................................................................................................................................................2-5
2.2.2 SBI........................................................................................................................................................2-13
3 Configuration Requirements...................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Hardware Configuration of the U2000 Server................................................................................................3-2
3.2 Software Configuration of the U2000 Server.................................................................................................3-3
3.3 Configuration of the U2000 Client..................................................................................................................3-5
5 Basic Functions...........................................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Overview of Functions and Features...............................................................................................................5-3
5.2 Security Management......................................................................................................................................5-4
5.3 Topology Management................................................................................................................................... 5-9
5.4 Alarm Management.......................................................................................................................................5-15
5.5 Performance Management.............................................................................................................................5-29
5.6 Inventory Management.................................................................................................................................5-34
5.7 Log Management...........................................................................................................................................5-36
5.8 Database Management..................................................................................................................................5-39
5.9 NE Communication Parameter Management................................................................................................5-41
5.10 DCN Management.......................................................................................................................................5-42
5.11 NE Software Management..........................................................................................................................5-42
5.12 Report Management....................................................................................................................................5-43
5.13 System Monitoring......................................................................................................................................5-46
15 Reliability................................................................................................................................15-1
15.1 Reliability Design........................................................................................................................................15-2
15.2 Reliability Indicator.....................................................................................................................................15-3
15.3 HA System..................................................................................................................................................15-3
15.4 DCN Protection...........................................................................................................................................15-4
15.5 Disk Mirroring.............................................................................................................................................15-5
15.6 Data Backup................................................................................................................................................15-5
16 Performance Indicators.........................................................................................................16-1
17 Management Capability.......................................................................................................17-1
17.1 NE Equivalent Coefficient..........................................................................................................................17-2
17.1.1 Equivalent NEs in the Transport Domain..........................................................................................17-3
17.1.2 Equivalent NEs in the IP Domain......................................................................................................17-6
17.1.3 Equivalent NEs in the Access Domain..............................................................................................17-9
17.2 Management Capabilities of the U2000 on Different Hardware Platforms..............................................17-10
17.3 Manageable Equipment.............................................................................................................................17-14
17.3.1 Manageable MSTP Series Equipment..............................................................................................17-15
18 Standards Compliance..........................................................................................................18-1
A Glossary and Abbreviations..................................................................................................A-1
Figures
Tables
This topic describes the position of the iManager U2000 unified network management system
(hereinafter referred to as U2000) in the telecommunications management network (TMN), the
product characteristics, and the equipment that the U2000 can manage.
l The development of the all-IP architecture is a leading factor in the transition from the
existing vertical network that is divided by technology and service to the flattened
horizontal network.
l Improving user experience, lowering operation expenditure (OPEX), and improving
efficiency are the driving forces for fixed-mobile convergence (FMC).
l Network convergence requires network management to be consolidated.
To be oriented to the future network development trend, the U2000 combines all-IP and FMC
and manages bearer and access equipment in a centralized manner.
l The U2000 can perform not only integrated management of multi-domain equipment but
also integrated management at the element and network management layers. The U2000
has revolutionized the layer-based management mode to meet the management
requirements in the transition from the existing vertical network to the flattened horizontal
network.
l The U2000 is a unified network management system (NMS) of multiple domains and it
aims to minimize operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for customers and to bring more
network benefits.
In the TMN hierarchy, the U2000 is located at the element management layer and network
management layer, and supports all functions of the element and network management layers.
Figure 1-1 shows the position of the U2000 in the TMN hierarchy.
Visualized Management
l Service supervision:
– Supports service-centered visualized supervision and the function of querying affected
services by alarm.
– Provides abundant detection and diagnosis methods based on services to quickly check
service connectivity and locate faults.
– Supports service-based performance query, threshold pre-warning, and trend analysis
in the GUI.
l Service deployment:
– Provides templates to set service-related parameters once instead of setting parameters
repeatedly.
– Supports bulk deployment of services, increasing the configuration efficiency.
– Calculates static routes and allocates labels automatically, without manual intervention.
l Object relationship:
– Associates services with tunnels and tunnels with routes. Hierarchical object
relationships represent the bearer relationships explicitly.
– Provides bearer relationships to quickly locate and rectify faults.
l Network-wide clock:
– Supports the automatic discovery of clocks (1588 clock, synchronous Ethernet clock,
and SDH clock) and addition of the clocks to the clock topology view.
– Provides the unified topology view of network-wide clocks and refreshes the tracking
relationships and synchronization status of the clocks when faults occur in networks.
– Monitors clock status and displays clock alarms, tracking relationships, and protection
status in real time.
l Supports Ethernet, CES, and ATM service management for PTN, MSTP, RTN, SW, and
NE40 devices, and supports E2E management of MPLS tunnels and PWs, which push the
fixed market towards fixed-mobile convergence (FMC).
l Supports E2E service (Ethernet, CES, and ATM) provisioning across PTN and CX
networks, and supports E2E management of MPLS tunnels and PWs, which push the
mobile market towards FMC.
2 System Architecture
The U2000 provides solutions to single-layer management for small- and medium-scale
networks. In addition, the U2000 provides standard external interfaces, through which the
U2000 is interconnected with an upper layer management system to form a hierarchical
management network. The U2000 assists the system at the network management layer and the
system at the service management layer to manage large-scale networks.
l The Veritas volume replicator (VVR) is used to duplicate the U2000 data on the primary
site to the secondary site so that data is synchronized between the primary and secondary
sites in real time.
l The Veritas cluster server (VCS) is used to monitor the system and application service in
real time. When a fault occurs in hardware or software, the VCS restarts or stops the
application service.
l The Veritas volume manager (VxVM) is used to manage the disks and data volumes of
servers.
2.2.1 NBI
The U2000 offers extensive network monitoring information, such as alarms, performance
statistics, and inventory information, for OSSs through northbound interfaces (NBIs). The NBIs
support network management functions, such as service provisioning and diagnosis test.
Through the NBIs, the U2000 can integrate with different OSSs flexibly.
2.2.2 SBI
Using the southbound interface (SBI), the U2000 can connect to NEs and manage them. The
U2000 supports the following SBIs: SNMP, CLI, Qx, SSH, and Telnet SBIs.
2.2.1 NBI
The U2000 offers extensive network monitoring information, such as alarms, performance
statistics, and inventory information, for OSSs through northbound interfaces (NBIs). The NBIs
support network management functions, such as service provisioning and diagnosis test.
Through the NBIs, the U2000 can integrate with different OSSs flexibly.
NOTE
Supported
■
Not supported
□
The equipment of each product domain supports different NBI functions. For details, see the
following tables.
XML Alarm ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Performa ■ □ ■ ■ □ □ □
nce
Inventory ■ □ ■ ■ □ □ □
Service □ □ □ □ □ □ □
provisioni
ng
CORB Alarm ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
A
Performa ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ □
nce
Inventory ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ □
Service ■ □ ■ ■ ■ □ □
provisioni
ng
SNMP Alarm ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
FTP Performa ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
nce
TL1 Inventory □ □ □ □ □ □ □
Service □ □ □ □ □ □ □
provisioni
ng
Custom Diagnosis □ □ □ □ □ □ □
er OSS test
Test
XML Alarm ■ ■
Performance □ □
Inventory ■ ■
Service provisioning □ ■
CORBA Alarm ■ ■
Performance □ □
Inventory □ □
Service provisioning □ □
SNMP Alarm ■ ■
FTP Performance ■ ■
TL1 Inventory ■ ■
Service provisioning ■ ■
XML Alarm ■ ■ ■ ■
Performance ■ ■ ■ ■
Inventory ■ ■ ■ ■
Service ■ ■ ■ ■
provisioning
CORBA Alarm ■ ■ ■ ■
Performance □ □ □ ■
Inventory □ □ □ ■
Service □ □ □ ■
provisioning
SNMP Alarm ■ ■ ■ ■
FTP Performance ■ ■ ■ ■
TL1 Inventory □ □ □ □
Service □ □ □ □
provisioning
Customer Diagnosis □ □ □ □
OSS Test test
– Alarm unacknowledgment
– Collection of alarm statistics
l Performance management for MAN equipment
– Query of history performance data
– Query of current performance data
– Reporting of performance threshold-crossing events
– Query of performance threshold-crossing events
l Inventory management for MAN equipment
– Query of physical inventory, such as NEs, shelves, slots, boards, and physical ports
– Query of logical inventory, such as logical ports, fibers or cables, and trails
– QoS management and protection management
l Service provisioning management for MAN equipment
– Provisioning of services for MAN tunnels (MPLS tunnels and IP tunnels)
– Provisioning of MAN services (ATM PWE3, CES PWE3, Ethernet PWE3, and VPLS)
SNMP NBI
Complying with the SNMP v1/v2c/v3 standard, the SNMP NBI enables the U2000 to provide
unified alarm management for OSSs.
The SNMP NBI supports the following functions:
l Alarm reporting
l Synchronization of active alarms
l Alarm acknowledgment
l Alarm unacknowledgment
l Heartbeat alarm reporting
l Setting of alarm filter criteria
TL1 NBI
Complying with the GR 831 standard, the TL1 NBI enables the U2000 to provide service
provisioning (xDSL, xPON, broadband, and narrowband services), inventory query, and
inventory provisioning in the access domain for OSSs.
The TL1 NBI supports the following functions:
l Service provisioning management for access equipment
– Provisioning of xDSL (ADSL, SHDSL, and VDSL2) services
– Provisioning of xPON (GPON and EPON) services
– Provisioning of multicast services
– Provisioning of voice services
– Provisioning of services for the BRAS
– Management of service virtual ports and PVCs
– Management of VLANs
– Management of Ethernet ports
– Loopback diagnosis test performed at the central office end on the user port
– OAM test
2.2.2 SBI
Using the southbound interface (SBI), the U2000 can connect to NEs and manage them. The
U2000 supports the following SBIs: SNMP, CLI, Qx, SSH, and Telnet SBIs.
Qx Interface
Qx interfaces are simplified interfaces based on the Q3 interfaces defined in ITU-T
recommendations. They are used for private communications. Qx interfaces use a protocol based
on standard TCP/IP packets. Qx interfaces support data transmission over media such as in-band
DCCs or ECCs and out-of-band channels, featuring low overheads, standard structures, and high
efficiency. Qx interfaces are classified into Qx4 interfaces and Qx5 interfaces (Qx4 is the earlier
version). Qx4 interfaces are used for managing the OptiX 2500+ and earlier transport equipment;
Qx5 interfaces are used for managing transport equipment later than the OptiX 2500+. The
U2000 can adapt to various protocols.
The U2000 uses Qx interfaces to connect and manage transport equipment, such as MSTP,
WDM, RTN, PTN, and OTN equipment.
SNMP SBI
The SNMP SBI is used to connect and manage SNMP equipment.
The U2000 supports the SNMP SBI that complies with the SNMP v1/v2c/v3 standard. Through
the SNMP SBI, the U2000 can be connected to Huawei routers, switches, and security access
equipment.
SNMP is a TCP/IP-based network management protocol at the application layer. SNMP uses
the UDP protocol at the transmission layer. Through the SNMP SBI, the U2000 can manage the
network equipment that supports proxy processes.
TFTP/FTP/SFTP SBI
The TFTP, FTP, and SFTP SBIs are used for backing up NE data, upgrading NE software, and
loading patches. TFTP, FTP, and SFTP are TCP/IP-based network management protocols at the
application layer and are dependent on the UDP protocol.
l Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a basic and standard protocol that requires least
extra overheads, as compared with FTP and SFTP, to upload and download files. The TFTP
protocol does not support password configuration and transfers file contents in plain text.
l File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a set of standard protocols used for transferring files on
networks. The FTP protocol transfers passwords and file contents in plain text.
l SSH FTP (SFTP) uses the SSH protocol to provide secure file transfer and processing. For
data backup using the SFTP protocol, passwords and data are encrypted during
transmission.
Syslog SBI
The Syslog SBI serves as an interface for the U2000 to receive system logs from NEs. With the
Syslog SBI, the U2000 can manage NE logs.
3 Configuration Requirements
This topic describes the software and hardware configuration requirements of the U2000 server
and client.
Configuration Principles
l Select proper hardware configurations according to the network scale.
l If multiple configuration schemes can meet the requirements of the current network scale,
determine the specific hardware configurations according to the requirements of customers.
Configuration Requirements
Table 3-1 Configuration requirements of the U2000 servers that manage networks of different
scales
Network Scale
Server (Solaris) Sun T5220 (CPU: 4C Sun T5220 (CPU: 8C Sun M4000 (CPU: 4
x 1.2 GHz; memory: x 1.4 GHz; memory: CPU x 2.53 GHz
16 GB; hard disk: 6 x 32 GB; hard disk: 6 x (quatri-core);
146 GB) 146 GB) memory: 32 GB;
hard disk: 2 x 146
GB) + disk array
You need to determine hardware configurations according to the network scales and the
management capacities of the NMSs based on different hardware platforms.
NOTE
If the HA system is applied, you need to multiply the hardware quantity by 2. For example, if the current
large-scale network applies the HA system, the following hardware requirements need to be met:
l Two M4000s and two OceanStor S2600s.
Configuration Principles
The software for the U2000 server is as follows:
l System software: It includes the operating system software and database software. To select
the required system software, see 3.1 Hardware Configuration of the U2000 Server.
l High availability software: It refers to the Veritas software that is applicable to only the
high availability system.
l NMS software: It refers to the software developed by Huawei. The NMS software in this
document refers to the U2000 software.
Configuration Requirements
The U2000 can run on multiple OSs, including Windows, Solaris. Table 3-3 lists the
configuration standards of the system software.
Table 3-6 Hardware and software configuration requirements of the U2000 client
Platform Hardware Configuration Software Configuration
The U2000 provides a centralized network-wide management solution to transport, access, and
IP networks. In addition, the U2000 provides standard external interfaces to integrate with the
operations support system (OSS), thereby meeting the management requirements of large-scale
networks.
The U2000 supports the HA system (Veritas hot standby) to ensure the high availability (HA)
of the system.
Table 4-1 provides information about the deployment modes of the U2000.
......
......
NMS Server
Switch Switch
DCN
GNE
NMS Client
Networking Description
The equipment managed by the U2000 is all connected to the managed network. The U2000
needs to be connected to only the nearby equipment on the managed network. After configuring
the related routes, you can manage all the equipment on the network.
The way of connecting the U2000 with the managed network depends on the distance between
the U2000 and its nearby equipment. If the U2000 and its nearby equipment are in the same
telecommunications room, you can connect them in LAN mode. If the U2000 and its nearby
equipment are far from each other, you can connect them in private line mode. In this case, the
private line mode is similar to the outband networking mode.
l Networking advantages: The inband networking mode is flexible and cost-effective. It does
not need extra equipment.
l Networking disadvantages: When a fault occurs in the network, the communication channel
between the U2000 and its managed network is broken. As a result, you cannot maintain
the managed network on the U2000.
Networking description
The equipment managed by the U2000 is all connected to the managed network. The U2000
connects with the equipment on the managed network through the DCN that is made up of other
equipment. In this manner, the U2000 manages the network and equipment.
l Networking advantages: In outband networking mode, the U2000 is not connected to its
managed equipment directly but is connected to its managed equipment through other
equipment. Compared with the inband networking mode, this mode provides more reliable
equipment management channels. When managed equipment is faulty, the U2000 locates
information about the faulty equipment in a timely manner and monitors the equipment in
real time.
l Networking disadvantages: In outband networking mode, the U2000 manages equipment
through a maintenance channel that is independent of the service channel. To provide such
a maintenance channel, you need to construct a network that is made up of extra equipment.
Thus, the cost of constructing the network is high.
Network Deployment
l Centralized deployment and right- and domain-based management
By controlling the rights of NMS users, the U2000 assigns different management rights to
different users and specifies the objects that can be managed by the users, which ensures
system security.
l High availability solution
The U2000 supports the high availability (HA) feature. In this manner, the HA system
monitors the U2000 and automatically implements data protection in real time.
Service Provisioning
The U2000 automatically creates a service after you click the source and sink. This function
ensures that new services can be provisioned quickly. Specifically, the time required for
provisioning services decreases from minutes to seconds and the efficiency of the configuration
on a per-NE basis is improved by 90%.
– Supports E2E service (Ethernet, CES, and ATM) provisioning across PTN and CX
networks, and supports E2E management of MPLS tunnels and PWs, which push the
mobile market towards FMC.
Service Assurance
The U2000 supports cross-domain fault location, which greatly improves the efficiency of
rectifying faults and ensures normal running of services.
l Network-wide equipment is monitored in a centralized manner and the number of alarms
decreases greatly.
l Multiple network management systems (NMSs) and teams are combined into one NMS
and one team, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of rectifying faults.
l Alarm correlation and intelligent analysis help to accurately locate faults.
l Service-oriented alarm management helps to directly locate the base station that is affected
by an alarm and thus the efficiency of rectifying faults is improved by 50%.
l Unified fiber management enables the U2000 to clearly display the fiber connections of
network-wide equipment. You can directly locate the equipment that a fiber is connected
to according to an alarm generated on the fiber.
Networking Diagram
Under the trend of all-service and super-broadband, the integration of mobile broadband and
fixed broadband speeds up, and operators tend to act as all-service operators. An integrated
super-broadband bearer network helps to quickly and flexibly deploy all services and greatly
reduce the TCO of the network. The construction of such a bearer network becomes a challenge
for operators.
Carrying multiple services is one of the most distinctive features of the Metro Ethernet. Services
such as the high-speed internet (HSI), IPTV, and voice over IP (VoIP) services must be
established on logical channels, as shown in Figure 4-6.
The U2000 provides perfect solutions for single metro networks in terms of network deployment,
service deployment, and service assurance.
Network Deployment
The U2000 must meet the following requirements in the network deployment stage:
l Automatic discovery of network-wide equipment
The U2000 supports the ability to automatically discover network topologies and links.
l Automatic discovery of existing services
The U2000 provides the function of automatically discovering services. With this function,
existing services on the network side can be restored to the U2000 through only two steps.
l Visualized service deployment
– One-stop configuration: The U2000 provides the tunnel template, L2/L3VPN/VPLS/
PWE3 service template, and QoS policy template for you to perform one-stop service
configuration. These templates predefine 80% parameters, thus reducing the
configuration workload.
– Batch deployment: The U2000 supports the ability to deploy services in batches and
the deployment efficiency is increased two to three times.
– Automatic computation: The U2000 automatically computes static routes and assigns
labels without any manual intervention.
Service Deployment
The Metro Ethernet often carries heavy service traffic. To adapt to this feature, the U2000
provides the functions of deploying services in batches and quickly creating end-to-end services
to accelerate the deployment process.
Service Assurance
The U2000 monitors the running status of the network 24 hours a day and 7 days a week in
multiple ways. It can detect network faults or degradation in a timely manner and report end-to-
end SLA data of the network.
The U2000 provides the following service assurance measures for the broadband bearer network:
l Reduction of IP alarms
On the U2000, four technologies are used to reduce the great number of IP alarms, and the
number of alarms in typical scenarios is reduced by 85%.
l Fault location
The U2000 can display network-wide routes and allows you to accurately diagnose service
faults layer by layer and hop by hop. Service faults can be located to specific NEs and
protocols, and the location duration is reduced from several hours to only several minutes.
l Visualized service monitoring
– Supports service-oriented visualized service monitoring so that you can directly query
services affected by a specific alarm.
– Provides abundant service-based test and diagnosis methods that can be used to quickly
check service connectivity and rectify faults.
– Provides service-based functions of displaying performance through GUIs, generating
alerts when performance thresholds are exceeded, and analyzing the performance trend.
– Supports layered management so that you can query the network bearing relation in real
time.
l Visualized object relation
– On the U2000, services are associated with tunnels and tunnels are associated with
routes so that the network bearing relation can be easily identified.
– When a fault occurs, you can quickly locate and rectify the fault according to the bearing
relation.
l Fast check of network-wide links
– The network scanning tool can automatically compute IP links between equipment,
which improves the network check efficiency.
– The status of network-wide links can be monitored through only two clicking
operations.
– Different network quality is shown in different colors: red, yellow, and green. This helps
you to easily find network problems and rectify the problems accordingly.
l Independent Web-based performance report system (iWeb)
– You can log in to the iWeb report system anytime, any place.
– You can use the Internet Explorer to log in to the iWeb report system, without upgrading
any client.
– The iWeb report system provides various reports, including resource reports,
performance reports, and fault reports.
l Real-time alarm monitoring and notification
The U2000 can monitor network faults and the status of equipment and interfaces in real
time. By notifying the related personnel of network faults through SMSs or emails, the
U2000 effectively ensures the normal running of the network.
l Performance monitoring 24 hours a day and 7 days a week
The U2000 regularly collects the traffic data of all the links or some key links on the entire
network to provide effective support for network monitoring.
l End-to-end SLA monitoring on network nodes
The U2000 regularly collects the SLA data between PEs, between the local CE and PE,
and between the PE and remote CE. With these data, you can discover network degradation,
predict the trend of network running, and optimize the network accordingly.
NOTE
All-IP implementation in the mobile bearer network presents the following challenges to the
OAM:
l Unified management of many types of devices: Fibers, microwaves, copper cables, and
Ethernet may function as media to carry services of mobile bearer networks. The
maintenance and management of various types of media challenge carriers.
l End-to-end (E2E) service provisioning and QoS assurance: The OAM experience of
traditional SDH and MSTP networks must be inherited for the OAM of all-IP bearer
networks. In addition, all-IP networks need to be merged with connectionless bearer
networks. Therefore, carriers need to improve their capabilities in E2E service management
and QoS monitoring.
l As shown in Figure 4-7, in mobile bearer networks, 2G and 3G services on the base station
(BS) side are transmitted through TDM-E1, IMA-E1, or FE ports and then carried over
E2E PWs. In addition, fixed networks and mobile networks are merged. Specifically, the
CX series equipment carries broadband services and the PTN equipment functions as the
mobile access service gateways at the two ends.
The U2000 provides solutions to the Network Deployment, Service Provisioning, and Service
Assurance of mobile bearer networks.
Network Deployment
One visit to site without field software commissioning
l The data communication network (DCN) becomes available automatically and the
U2000 searches for devices remotely. In this case, software commissioning engineers or
customer engineers do not need to visit sites and only hardware installation engineers need
to visit sites to install devices. That is, the devices do not require field software
commissioning.
l The entire process of network expansion can be assured. Specifically, network resources
are checked before network expansion, an automatic service rollback is triggered upon an
expansion failure, and a comparison report is generated after a successful network
expansion. This ensures a high reliability in network expansion and facilitates management.
Service Provisioning
E2E management and service provisioning
l The E2E packet service provisioning and management of the IP microwave and PTN/MSTP
devices speeds up service provisioning on the IP network.
l The E2E TDM service provisioning and management of the traditional microwave and
MSTP devices increases the efficiency in the network deployment and service provisioning
of a huge number of microwave devices.
l E2E service provisioning on the network of the PTN equipment and CX equipment is
supported.
l E2E packet service provisioning on the network of the PTN equipment and MSTP
equipment is supported.
l The network of the OptiX RTN 910/950 and PTN equipment is supported and E2E CES
service provisioning can be performed on the mixed network.
l The network of the PTN equipment and CX equipment is supported.
Visualized E2E service provisioning
l Visualized tunnels.
l Visualized protection relationships between tunnels.
l Visualized service topologies that can be previewed.
Bulk deployment: The U2000 supports the bulk deployment of Metro Ethernet services to better
meet the requirements of deploying these services in a large number. Bulk deployment speeds
up service deployment.
Fast service provisioning: Configuration is applied to NEs quickly after you specify the source,
sink, and TE constraints. In addition, hops of working and protection trails are displayed in the
topology view.
Quick, accurate, and automatic service restoration. The U2000 provides an automatic service
restoration function that is easy to use. By using this function, only two steps are required to
restore network-side services to the E2E service configuration on the U2000. As a result, services
are quickly provisioned.
l Services are automatically created after you specify the source and sink and select a routing
policy. In this case, service provisioning is efficient and errors are reduced.
l Services can be created in batches, which achieves the fast provisioning of a large number
of services.
l The creation and management of E2E services that traverse both microwave and MSTP
equipment are supported, which is unique in the industry.
Service Assurance
Service-based E2E OAM
l All OAM data are configured based on E2E services and you do not need to configure
OAM data for each node on an E2E trail separately.
l Default parameters are provided and one-touch tunnel configuration is supported. Wizard-
based Ethernet OAM is supported and a remote maintenance endpoint point (MEP) is
automatically generated.
Service-based fault diagnosis and fast fault locating
l E2E service diagnosis is supported and the diagnosis is not required on each node. This
helps to locate a fault quickly.
l Fault information is collected during a diagnosis. The fault information helps analyze fault
causes quickly.
Visualized network-wide clock
l Clocks such as IEEE 1588v2 clocks, synchronous Ethernet clocks, and SDH clocks can be
auto-discovered in the topology view. In addition, network-wide clocks are displayed in a
unified topology view. In the topology view, the clock tracing status and clock
synchronization status are refreshed in real time when a network fault occurs.
l The clock status is monitored in real time and the clock alarm, clock tracing status, and
clock protection are displayed in real time.
Server-centered alarm monitoring
l Relevant alarms are displayed in the E2E service management window when the network
is faulty and affects service provisioning.
l Services affected by alarms can be located by a one-touch operation in the alarm
management window.
l You can view network-wide alarms on the U2000 client or Web browser after alarms are
generated.
Network Deployment
The U2000 meets the following requirements in the network deployment stage:
Service Deployment
The U2000 provides the following functions to effectively and accurately deploy services:
l Supports the deployment of mainstream services (for example, L2VPN, L3VPN, and
PWE3 services) that are carried over tunnels, provides multiple service configuration
templates and batch configuration templates, and supports the automatic verification of
parameter settings.
l Provides simple and user-friendly GUIs to effectively improve service deployment
efficiency.
After a service is created in the topology view, the U2000 immediately displays the creation
and deployment results. All parameters can be set in only one GUI, which quadruples the
configuration efficiency.
Service Assurance
The U2000 provides the following service assurance measures for the single backbone network:
l Protection switchover in less than 50 ms in case of local faults
You can configure MPLS TE FRR to implement fast route convergence. This ensures that
traffic can be switched in 50 ms after a fault occurs on a node or link on the network. On
an MPLS TE network, after the primary LSP is configured with FRR, traffic is quickly
switched to the bypass LSP if a link or a set of equipment becomes faulty. MPLS TE FRR
is a temporary local protection mechanism. With this mechanism, when the primary LSP
recovers, traffic is switched back to the primary LSP or a new LSP.
l Protection switchover in less than 200 ms in case of end-to-end faults
With VPN FRR deployed, when a fault occurs on a remote PE, the local PE can quickly
switch traffic to the remote backup PE in 200 ms. The switching duration is irrelevant to
the number of routes on the private network.
l Real-time alarm monitoring and notification
The U2000 can monitor network faults and the status of equipment and interfaces in real
time. On the U2000, the status and severities of equipment alarms are identified by colors
of nodes in the topology view. Maintenance engineers can quickly locate alarm-affected
services from specific equipment alarms. By notifying remote users of network faults
through SMSs or emails, the U2000 ensures the timely processing of network faults.
l Performance monitoring 24 hours a day and 7 days a week
The U2000 periodically collects the key performance indicators of networkwide links or
specified links and dynamically displays the network running status, providing important
references for locating network faults. The U2000 provides support for network monitoring
by regularly collecting the traffic data on network-wide links or important links.
l End-to-end SLA monitoring on network nodes
The U2000 regularly collects the SLA data between PEs, between the local CE and PE,
and between the PE and remote CE. With these data, you can discover network degradation,
predict the trend of network running, and optimize the network accordingly.
l Layered fault diagnosis and location
After a fault occurs, the U2000 analyzes the tunnel associated with the specific service and
the route associated with the tunnel, and then diagnoses the service according to different
network layers to accurately locate the faulty point (equipment, port, or service) and the
causes of the fault for the purpose of troubleshooting.
a comprehensive solution for FTTx access devices to manage and maintain the OLT, ONU,
SBU, CBU, and ONT in a centralized manner.
In the FTTx access solution, a single fiber is used to provide voice, data, and video services. The
FTTx access solution meets the networking requirements for the fiber to the curb (FTTC), fiber
to the building (FTTB), fiber to the home (FTTH), base station transmission, IP private line
interconnection, and wholesale services. Figure 4-9 shows the networking application of the
FTTx access network management.
Network Deployment
In an FTTx network, the U2000 provides the ONU predeployment and remote acceptance
functions. By using the functions, you can improve the ONU deployment efficiency and reduce
the operational expenditure (OPEX).
l The U2000 provides the ONU predeployment function. Before powering on an ONU, create
a corresponding virtual NE and configure service data on the U2000. After you power on
the ONU, the U2000 automatically applies the preset configuration to the ONU to complete
the service deployment. Therefore, the network predeployment and device installation can
be started at the same time. In this way, the time required for network construction is
reduced by half.
l The U2000 provides the function of predeploying NEs by means of a sheet. By using this
function, you can import data of NEs to the U2000 in batches, thus installing the devices
without software commissioning and performing remote acceptance. Engineers only need
to visit a site once. The plug and display (PnP) feature of the ONU is implemented.
Therefore, the deployment efficiency is greatly improved, and the network construction
cost is reduced.
l The U2000 provides flexible authentication that works together with the preconfiguration
function to implement the PnP of the ONU. In this way, the installation cost is greatly
reduced. After you replace an ONU with a new one upon a fault, you only need to enter
the authentication information. Then, the U2000 automatically applies the configuration
data of the faulty ONU to the new ONU. You do not need to re-configure the new ONU.
l The U2000 provides the remote acceptance function for the ONU. Specifically, the
U2000 automatically applies the preconfiguration data after the ONU goes online and
implement the remote service acceptance, if you create an acceptance task for the ONU
when it is offline.
The U2000 provides a solution to quick ONU deployment. With the solution, engineers only
need to visit a site once and complete the ONU deployment in five steps as follows:
1. Plan data: With the Excel-based plan tool, you can easily copy and paste data. This function
is applicable to the configuration of a large amount of data.
2. Perform offline deployment: Import Excel sheets that contain planned data to the U2000
and complete the offline pre-provisioning of services.
3. Install ONUs on site: Install ONUs without software commissioning on site.
4. Activate services: Power on ONUs. The PnP features of the ONUs take effect.
5. Perform remote acceptance: Engineers do not need to visit the site. Instead, NEs
automatically report acceptance results without manual intervention.
Figure 4-10 shows the FTTx predeployment flow.
Service Provisioning
The U2000 provides the following three convenient and fast service provisioning means. With
these means, you can fast provision the configuration data of FTTx NEs regardless of whether
the OSS is interconnected with the EMS.
l Automatic provisioning upon interconnection with the OSS:
The U2000 provides standard and open northbound interfaces (NBIs) that implement fast
interconnection with the OSS for the FTTx solution.
l Sheet-based service provisioning:
The U2000 provides the convenient and fast predeployment for ONUs and preconfiguration
for services in the FTTx solution. With this function, the U2000 automatically provisions
services and thus reduces costs in labor.
l FTTx service provisioning template:
The U2000 provides templates for provisioning FTTx services. You can customize service
provisioning templates for different subscribers. With such a template, you can implement
the one-touch service provisioning. In this way, the efficiency and correctness of service
provisioning are greatly improved.
Service Assurance
l FTTx fault diagnosis:
By using the traditional method, you need to locate a subscriber fault part by part. In
addition, you need to locate faults of different types in different user interfaces for function
modules. Those user interfaces are not integrated and thus you need to frequently switch
between the user interfaces. As the FTTx is used more widely, access fault diagnosis
becomes more important. The U2000 provides the FTTx fault diagnosis function. With this
function, you only need to enter the object to be diagnosed and then perform one-touch
fault diagnosis. Figure 4-11 and Figure 4-12 show the fault diagnosis of FTTx services.
power-off of an ONU. In this way, the orders for useless field jobs are reduced.Table 4-2
shows how to identify the cause of a fault by means of the alarm-based root cause
identification.
Table 4-2 Relationships between faults and their causes that are identified by means of the
alarm-based root cause identification
Cause Alarm Reported Alarm Reported U2000 Alarm
From the OLT From the ONU
Backbone fiber cut LOS alarm without None When the OLT
the ONU ID reports the LOS
alarm for the PON
port, the U2000
determines that the
backbone fiber
connected to the
PON port is faulty.
Branch fiber cut LOSi alarm with the None When the OLT
ONU ID reports the LOSi
alarm with the ONU
ID, the U2000
determines that the
branch fiber
connected to the
ONU is faulty.
ONU power-off Power-off alarm Dying gasp alarm When the OLT
with the ONU ID reports the power-
off alarm with the
ONU ID, the
U2000 determines
that the ONU is
powered off.
5 Basic Functions
The U2000 provides all management functions at element management layer and network
management layer.
Figure 5-1 shows the basic functions of the U2000.
Access network
management
operations, and running, and supports the HA scheme and data backup to achieve an excellent
security solution.
5.3 Topology Management
In topology management, the managed NEs and their connections are displayed in a topology
view. You can learn the network structure and monitor the operating status of the entire network
in real time by browsing the topology view.
5.4 Alarm Management
When an exception occurs on a network, the U2000 needs to notify maintenance engineers of
the exception in a timely manner, so that the maintenance engineers will recover the network
efficiently.
5.5 Performance Management
The performance of a network may deteriorate because of internal or external problems and
faults may occur. The performance management function enables you to detect the deteriorating
tendency in advance and solve the potential threats so that faults can be prevented.
5.6 Inventory Management
The U2000 supports unified inventory management of physical resources and service resources
on the entire network. On the U2000, you can quickly and clearly view information about various
resources network-wide. The inventory information serves as a reference for service planning
and expansion planning.
5.7 Log Management
Logs record the information about operations performed on the U2000 and important events that
occur in the U2000. The U2000 allows administrators to query and save logs and collect statistics
on logs periodically. This facilitates detection of unauthorized logins and operations and fault
analysis. Specifically, by browsing and collecting statistics on logs, you can query the client
from which a U2000 user logs in to the U2000 server and query the operations performed by
the user after login. You can also dump and print logs. Logs also can record operations that the
OSS performs on NEs through NBIs.
5.8 Database Management
Database management involves the management of NE databases and U2000 databases, and
maintenance of data consistency between the U2000 and NEs.
5.9 NE Communication Parameter Management
The U2000 communicates with managed NEs successfully only after you correctly set the
connection parameters of the U2000 and the managed NEs.
5.10 DCN Management
DCN management is applicable to MSTP, WDM, microwave, submarine cable NEs.
5.11 NE Software Management
The NE software management module (called DC) is an independent subsystem of the U2000
and it is used to manage software and data on NEs. The DC enables you to back up NE data and
upgrade or downgrade NE software.
5.12 Report Management
The U2000 provides reports about alarms, logs, and resources. You can print the required data
or save the data as a file when viewing it. The reports in tabular format can be filtered by
equipment type and saved in XLS, TXT, HTML, or CSV files.
5.13 System Monitoring
The U2000 provides a GUI-based system monitoring tool, which is used to manage the
U2000 and query the system information.
Unified The U2000 provides the unified GUI-based management of Huawei NEs in the
network transport, IP, and access domains. It is a unified network management system
managem (NMS) that offers comprehensive functions in managing NE alarms, network
ent alarms, security, performance, topology, logs, inventories, reports, and
databases. This function meets the requirements of network convergence and
rapid development of customer services.
License NE license management allows users to query, apply for, install, and adjust NE
managem licenses (in case of capacity change and server change). By setting NE licenses,
ent users can perform functions as required. NE licenses also controls the validity
periods of and functions available to NEs. Users can view the status of NEs and
make adjustment accordingly in license management.
Client The CAU function enables the U2000 client to upgrade automatically through
auto the Internet provided that the U2000 server functions properly and communicates
update successfully with the U2000 client.
(CAU)
Check The U2000 can be upgraded smoothly without service interruption. After the
after the upgrade, the NE status, basic services, and routing relationships are checked and
upgrade a check report is generated. This helps to ensure the normal running of major
services immediately after the upgrade and achieve timely detection of issues
such as data loss.
Function Description
or
Feature
Online The Online Help is displayed if users press F1 when using the U2000. It provides
Help comprehensive help information and supports fast searches for information. The
help information is also available in offline mode.
NOTE
This section mainly describes the NMS user security.
l For the security solution to the log management, see Log Management.
l For the U2000 HA scheme, see Deployment Mode.
l For the backup and restoration of the database, see 5.8 Database Management.
l For details about the firewall security policy, system enhancement policy, OS and database security
policy, and data transmission security policy, see chapter "Security Planning" in the iManager U2000
Planning Guide
User Management
This feature is to assign NMS users the appropriate rights for management and maintenance
functions according to the O&M requirements when NMS users are planned.
l User management: The U2000 uniquely identifies the login, operation, and management
rights of NMS users according to user names and passwords. Only one default user, user
admin, is provided after the U2000 is installed. User admin is a superuser and has all
operation and management rights. Other users are directly or indirectly created by user
admin.
– The U2000 supports the creation, modification, and deletion of users.
– The creation of users involves setting detailed information about users, the user group
to which a user belongs, the management domains, the operation rights, and the ACL.
l User group management: The U2000 supports the creation, modification, and deletion of
user groups. The U2000 supports the function of creating a user group to manage users that
have the same rights and to bulk manage rights of NMS users, which reduces management
costs. After the management attributes of a user group are set and a user is added to the
user group, the user has all rights of the user group. A user can be added to multiple user
groups. In this case, the user has all the rights of the user groups as well as the rights that
are assigned to the user. The U2000 provides five default user groups: security management
group, operator group, administrator group, monitor group, and maintainer group.
Right Management
A right defines the operations that can be performed on managed objects. Different users have
different operation rights over different managed objects. The right elements include managed
objects and operation rights, as shown in Figure 5-3.
After NMS users are planned, the users can perform operations on NEs only after rights are
assigned to them.
l Management domain rights define the objects that can be managed by users or user groups,
and the range of the configuration data. For example, if user A is not authorized to manage
equipment C and object set D, equipment C and object set D are invisible to user A in the
topology view. An object set is a collection of multiple pieces of equipment. The U2000
supports the creation, modification, and deletion of object sets.
l Operation rights define the operations that a user can perform. When multiple users manage
the same device or object set, they have different operation rights over the device if different
operation rights are assigned to them. An operation set is a collection of multiple rights.
Operation right management is implemented by managing the operation sets or specific
rights. If operation sets are assigned to users or user groups, they have rights that the
operation sets include. The U2000 supports the creation, modification, and deletion of
operation sets.
l The U2000 also supports right- and domain-based management. Only the operations within
the rights of a user in a certain domain can be performed on NEs of this domain. Only
system administrator and members of the security management group can assign rights and
domains to other users.
– Domain-based management refers to dividing equipment nodes, services, or data to
different domains. The administrators of different domains manage different objects
with the domain rights that are assigned to them. Meanwhile, certain NEs can be
assigned directly to a certain user.
– Right-based management refers to domain-based authentication. Users and user groups
have different operation rights if they are assigned these rights. After dividing domains
and then dividing rights, the personnel with different duties or positions in the same
domain have different operation rights over different objects in the domain.
Local Authentication
In the local authentication mode, user security management ensures the secure running of the
U2000 in multiple aspects, including local user management, right management, password
policy, account policy, and login control.
– Setting the validity period of the password, including the maximum and minimum
period validity of the password, the number of days warning given before the password
expiry.
– Setting the rules for the forms of passwords.
l The account policy involves the account validity period, minimum length of a user name,
automatic unlocking time, maximum number of login attempts, timeout period for a login
or unlocking failure, and user policy of no login within a period.
l Login control involves the login mode, the login period control, and the IP address control.
– User login mode specifies whether multiple users are allowed to log into the U2000 at
the same time. Usually, multiuser mode is adopted. If you need to perform special
operations on the U2000 server, you can set the user login mode to single-user mode,
avoiding interferences from the operations of other users.
– Users can log in to the U2000 only in the specified login period.
– The ACL controls the login IP addresses of clients. Users can log in to the U2000 server
only from certain IP addresses. Therefore, even if the user account and the password
are obtained by unauthorized users, these users cannot log in to the U2000 server, and
thus the U2000 security is improved.
RADIUS-Based Authentication
When the RADIUS authentication is adopted, the administrator does not need to create a user
account on the NMS in advance. The user account for logging in to the U2000 is an existing
account that can pass the authentication of the RADIUS server.
When a user enters the user name and password, the security process of the U2000 server sends
the user name and password to the RADIUS server. If the user passes the RADIUS
authentication, the security process learns the user group to which this user belongs, and then
the security process assigns rights to the user according to the operation set policy of the user
group.
NOTE
Before adopting the RADIUS authentication mode, make sure that the name of the user group defined on
the U2000 is the same as that defined in the account database of carriers. In addition, make sure that the
account to be authorized for logging in to the U2000 is added to the corresponding user group.
Security
NBI
User group
privilege
AAA agent
Security RADIUS
server
User and
server user group datebase
U2000 server
U2000 user
LDAP-Based Authentication
As a distributed client/server system protocol, LDAP is adopted in the VPN and WAN to control
the users' access to the network and prevent unauthorized users from accessing the networks.
The LDAP-based authentication mode is similar to the RADIUS-based authentication mode
except for different authentication protocols. Compared with the RADIUS authentication, the
LDAP authentication supports the following features:
l Supporting common mode (encryption-free), SSL mode, and TLS mode for the
communication between the U2000 and the LDAP server.
l Supporting multiple LDAP authentication servers and being compatible with the HA
scheme of the U2000.
For the LDAP-based authentication process, see Figure 5-5.
Securiyt
NBI
User group
database
AAA agent
U2000 user
Session Management
l If a user does not perform operations on the client temporarily, the user can lock the client
manually or set the time for the U2000 to automatically lock the client to prevent
unauthorized operations. To unlock the client, the user must enter the password of the
current login user or use the account of the administrator.
l The members of the administrator group can monitor sessions and operations of common
U2000 users, forcibly log out U2000 users, and unlock U2000 users.
l The U2000 can automatically detect and clear invalid sessions.
l Client lockout: If a user does not perform operations on the client temporarily, the user can
lock out the client or set the time to automatically lock the U2000 client to prevent
unauthorized operations. To unlock the client, the user must enter the password of the
current login user or use the account of the administrator.
The U2000 has the Physical Root, Clock View, Tunnel View, and Custom View. Required
information can be easily learned in different views, which enables you to learn and monitor the
operating status of the entire network conveniently.
The U2000 offers service topology management for various end-to-end services, for example,
VPLS services, PWE3 services, L3VPN services, E-AGGR services, and tunnel services. By
means of the service topology, users can view and configure services easily.
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6
5: Alarm button bar 6: Filter tree and legend 7: Current client time
Alarms of different severities In this area, you can set the
are displayed in different display types of the objects in a
colors. view and view the descriptions
The number displayed on an of legends in the view. The
alarm button indicates the filter tree and legends help you
number of the alarms of the to locate an object quickly.
corresponding severity. You
can click a button to view the
alarms of the corresponding
severity on the current
U2000. For example,
viewing current alarms and
displaying the alarm panel.
When an abnormal event
occurs in the U2000, the
color of Abnormal event
indicator is changed from
green to red. You can click
the indicator to view the
current abnormal event on
the U2000.
8: Name of the current login 9: Name and the IP address of 10: Physical map
user of the U2000. the U2000 server that the In this area, all NEs
U2000 client currently logs in managed by the U2000 are
to. displayed.
The name of the U2000 server In the Main Topology, you
is the name that you set on the can launch the NE
U2000 client. Explorer, view
performance data, create
NEs, configure NE data,
create connections, view
fibers/cables, delete
topological objects, and
view current alarms.
You can choose nodes of different levels from the Physical Root navigation tree, for example,
a subnet, a node, or an NE to browse current alarms.
The alarm display in the topology view has the following features:
l The color of a topological node indicates the operating status (such as normal, unknown,
or offline) and alarm status of the monitored NE.
l When an NE generates multiple alarms of different severities, the color or icon that indicates
the highest alarm severity of these alarms is displayed in the topology view.
l When multiple nodes in a subnet generate alarms, the subnet is displayed in the color or
icon that indicates the highest alarm severity of these alarms.
l You can switch to the current alarm window of an NE using the shortcut menu of the NE
node. In addition, you can query the details of current alarms in the NE Panel.
1. The automatic topology discovery is implemented step by step through a wizard. The
wizard instructs you to set the parameters required for the automatic discovery, such as NE
type, SNMP parameters, and the IP address range.
2. After you set the parameters, the U2000 searches for the required NEs in the specified
network segments according to the preset conditions. All NEs from Huawei and other
vendors that meet the conditions are displayed in the topology view. Meanwhile, the basic
configuration data of the NEs is uploaded, which simplifies the configuration of these NEs.
3. You can stop the automatic topology discovery at any time. If the discovery fails, the cause
is displayed.
Figure 5-9 shows the clock view of the U2000 and its functions.
l Discovering the clock topology automatically: The U2000 searches for clock links between
all NEs in the entire network to obtain the clock tracing relationships of all NEs. You can
search for clock links by NE or by clock link type. When the clock source of an NE is
changed, the U2000 performs a search again to renew the clock tracing relationships.
l Viewing the clock topology: After the U2000 automatically discovers the clock topology,
you can view the clock tracing relationships in the entire network. To adjust the clock
topology, you can manually create and delete topological nodes and links.
l Configuring clocks: In the clock configuration window of the NE Explorer, you can
configure the clocks of the NE. You can configure the following clocks: PON clocks
synchronous Ethernet clocks, IEEE 1588 v2 clocks, and SDH clocks. The clock
configuration function varies with NE types.
l Monitoring the change of clocks: When an NE or a link fails or a switching of clock sources
occurs in a network, the U2000 automatically updates the clock tracing relationships and
the clock synchronization status in the topology view. According to the clock alarms of the
NE whose clock is changed, you can identify the fault.
l Switching clocks manually: You can select a clock link and set its clock tracing relationship
as the current clock tracing relationships of the NE.
Alarm Severity
Table 5-2 shows different alarm severities and the handling methods.
Handle different severities of alarms by using different methods. The U2000 supports the
function of redefining the alarm severity so that you can change the severity of a specific alarm
as required. The severity of an alarm needs to be adjusted when the impact of the alarm becomes
larger or smaller.
Alarm Status
l Alarm acknowledgment and alarm clearance
– Alarm acknowledgment: An acknowledged alarm indicates that this alarm has been
handled by a user. An alarm can be acknowledged in the following two ways:
– Manual acknowledgment: You can select an alarm from the current alarm window
to acknowledge it.
– Automatic acknowledgment: If you enable the automatic alarm acknowledgment,
the U2000 acknowledges an alarm immediately after it is cleared or automatically
acknowledges the alarms that are cleared within the specified time at 01:00 every
day.
– Alarm clearance: When you delete an alarm, the alarm is cleared from the NE and the
current alarm library of the U2000. After that, the alarm is moved to the history alarm
library.
l Alarm status classification
Based on the acknowledgment and clearance status, alarm status can be classified into the
following types:
– Unacknowledged and uncleared
– Acknowledged and uncleared
– Unacknowledged and cleared
– Acknowledged and cleared
NOTE
Acknowledged and cleared alarms become history alarms after a preset period elapses. All non-
history alarms are current alarms.
l Changing alarm states
– Changing the clearance status
When the condition triggering an alarm disappears, the NE or the U2000 server recovers.
In this case, the NE or the U2000 server reports a clearance alarm. The alarm state
changes from uncleared to cleared. You can also manually clear an alarm.
– Changing the acknowledgment status
If an alarm is acknowledged, it indicates that the alarm will be handled or has been
handled. After the alarm is acknowledged, the alarm state changes from
unacknowledged to acknowledged.
You can unacknowledge an acknowledged alarm if necessary. After the alarm is
unacknowledged, the alarm state changes from acknowledged to unacknowledged.
l Relationships between alarm states
Figure 5-10 shows the relationships between alarm states and how an alarm changes from
one state to another.
Alarm panel The alarm panel collects statistics on the alarms of managed objects
by severity and displays the number of the alarms of each severity.
The alarm panel provides a summary of system faults and can be
used as a monitoring panel.
Alarm bar chart The alarm bar chart shows the real-time alarm statistics. The alarm
bar chart displays the alarm statistics collected by the alarm panel.
Querying and viewing l Viewing current alarms: Query the fault alarms that are not
alarms handled, that is, unacknowledged or uncleared alarms.
l Viewing history alarms: Query the fault alarms that are handled,
that is, acknowledged and cleared alarms.
l Viewing alarm logs: Query all fault alarms that are reported by
NEs.
l Viewing event logs: Query current abnormal events.
l Setting an alarm query template: Save common query conditions
as an alarm query template. You can directly use the template to
query alarms based on the same query conditions. This function
helps you to view and monitor the required alarms.
Alarm browsing consists of operations of viewing current alarms, history alarms, alarm logs,
and event logs, and supports multiple custom functions, as shown in Figure 5-14 and Table
5-4.
Alarm details
Alarm color display Alarm filtering Alarm cause and handling suggestion Alarm handling means
Dynamic alarm panel The alarm panel shows the number of the alarms of different
severities of the U2000 client. Pop-ups of the alarm panel or the
blinks of alarm indicators show current alarms. Click the alarm
panel to display the window for viewing alarms.
Function Description
Alarm filtering When a large number of alarms exist, you can filter alarms by alarm
name, alarm severity, status, type, last occurrence time segment
and clearance time segment. The alarm filtering function improves
the efficiency of viewing alarms.
You can filter alarms by attributes of alarm sources, such as the
objects of NEs, object groups, and maintenance areas, and create
the required alarm filter templates by customizing the filter criteria.
In this manner, you can select the required alarm filter template to
filter alarms.
Alarm template The alarm template can be customized. Therefore, you can sort
alarms flexibly as required and locate the required alarms quickly.
Alarm viewing You can view the alarms relevant to NEs and services on the
U2000 to learn the operating status of the NEs and networks.
l Viewing current alarms: View current alarms of all severities
on the entire network.
l Viewing all current alarms of a specific severity: You can
quickly learn the critical, major, or minor alarms of the entire
network from the alarm icons on the toolbar.
l Viewing the alarms of a specified NE or U2000: You can select
an NE or a U2000 in the Main Topology and quickly learn the
current alarms of the selected object.
l Viewing the current alarms of a trail: In the trail management
window, you can quickly learn the alarms and events of the
managed trails. This function facilitates trail maintenance.
l Viewing history alarms: By viewing all history alarms of the
U2000, you can learn the faults that occurred on the U2000 and
NEs. The history alarm data can be used for long-term
performance analysis.
Alarm query You can query alarms by object where the alarms are generated,
function type, alarm status, or alarm severity. The query results
can be saved and printed.
Alarm display in color Alarms of different severities are displayed in different colors in
the alarm list. The colors can be customized.
Alarm display in the When an NE reports an alarm, the icon in the upper left corner of
topology view the NE or the color of the NE in the topology view varies with the
alarm severity. You can right-click the NE to query current alarms
of the NE.
Alarm locating You can select an alarm and locate the topological object where
this alarm is generated. For a physical alarm, you can locate the
board where the alarm is generated in the NE panel.
Alarm sort You can sort alarms by field and customize the columns displayed
Customized display in the alarm list. Alarms can be saved to a file (.txt, .html, .xls,
or .csv) and can be printed.
Function Description
Details You can obtain the details of an alarm, such as the alarm name and
identification information.
Handling suggestion The handling suggestion provides information, such as the alarm
cause, recovery suggestion, alarm description, maintenance
experience, and cause type.
In the Handling Suggestion area, a link to the corresponding alarm
reference topic in the Online Help is provided. You can click on
Click here to show detail information to display the
corresponding alarm reference topic in the Online Help.
You can view the information about an alarm in the alarm browsing window, including the
severity, name, alarm source, location information, occurrence time, first occurrence time, last
occurrence time, clearance time, acknowledgment time, clearance user, acknowledgment user,
clearance status, acknowledgment status, location, direction, trail domain, alarm reversion,
protection subnet name, alarm plane, trail name, ASON object name, and affected services.
Alarm Statistics
You can quickly learn alarm information by collecting statistics on alarms and analyzing them.
The U2000 can collect statistics on alarms based on the preset conditions. The conditions can
be the name, severity, function type, generation time, alarm status, source of an alarm, or a
combination of the preceding items.
l Correlation Analysis
– The Default Correlation and Correlation Analysis windows are provided for a
correlation analysis. In the Default Correlation window, the predefined rules for the
alarm correlation analysis are displayed. These rules can be enabled if required. In the
Correlation Analysis window, the rules for the alarm correlation analysis can be
customized.
– Correlative alarms are the alarms whose causes are relevant to each other. One of the
alarms is the root cause.
– Various alarms are generated when a certain fault occurs. If non-root alarms are
reported, the fault locating and analysis are affected. You can set the rules for the
correlation analysis on the U2000 according to certain features of correlative alarms,
such as generation time and physical locations where the alarms are generated. In this
manner, the U2000 directly discards non-root alarms that meet the preset conditions,
labels them as correlative alarms, and saves them to a suppressed alarm database, or
downgrades their severities.
– Figure 5-16 shows the relationships between a root alarm and its correlative alarms.
– The alarm for high memory usage of a service causes the alarm for high memory usage
and the alarm for high CPU usage. The alarm for high CPU usage causes the alarm for
abnormal exit of the U2000 service. Therefore, the alarm for high memory usage of a
service is the root alarm and the rest are the correlative alarms.
Figure 5-16 Relationships between a root alarm and its correlative alarms
acknowledged but uncleared alarms. If a major alarm is not cleared in 30 minutes after
it is handled, the U2000 changes the severity of the alarm to critical.
– Enable this analysis function for the acknowledged alarms that are not cleared for a long
time. The U2000 changes severities of the alarms to a higher level to remind
maintenance engineers of handling the alarms in a timely manner.
l Alarm Correlation on NEs
– Alarm correlation rules on NEs are an inherent alarm performance monitoring
mechanism of a logical function block of an NE. These rules cannot be modified.
Understanding the monitoring mechanism helps you to correctly analyze and identify
faults, thus improving the maintenance efficiency.
– A root alarm is directly caused by an abnormal event or a fault on the network. A root
alarm generally causes correlative alarms whose severities are lower. For example,
when a fiber is cut, the SDH physical interface (SPI) functional module of an optical
board detects the R_LOS alarm (root alarm). Then, the regenerator section termination
(RST) function module of the regeneration section generates correlative alarms, such
as the R_LOF, R_OOF, B1_SD, and B1_EXC. To prevent the generation of correlative
alarms, you can set the preceding alarm correlation analysis rules and enable the alarm
correlation analysis on the NE to suppress correlative alarms. In this manner, the NE
reports only the root alarm R_LOS to the U2000.
l Alarm Correlation on the NMS
After you set alarm correlation analysis rules on the U2000 and enable the alarm correlation
analysis, correlative alarms are masked.
CAUTION
l Alarm correlation analysis depends on alarm correlation rules. The rules will affect the
analysis result. Exercise caution when setting the rules.
l The default correlation analysis rules on the U2000 are recommended.
l By default, the alarm correlation analysis is disabled. Manually enable this function if
necessary.
l Alarm dumping: Automatic dumping and manual dumping of alarms are supported.
Automatic dumping is classified into overflow dumping and periodic dumping.
l Alarm acknowledgment: Alarms can be acknowledged manually or automatically.
NOTE
Alarm logs can be saved in various formats, such as TXT, HTML, PDF, CVS, and XLS.
Alarm Synchronization
After communication between the U2000 and an NE recovers from an interruption, or the
U2000 is restarted, some alarms on the NE are not reported to the U2000. The NE alarms on the
U2000 are different from the actual alarms on the NE. In the case, you need to synchronize
alarms. Manual synchronization of alarms ensures that the U2000 displays the current operating
status of the NE correctly.
The U2000 supports the function of synchronizing NE alarms manually or automatically. You
can set the policy for automatic alarm synchronization. After you enable automatic alarm
synchronization, the U2000 automatically synchronizes alarms to ensure alarm consistency
between the U2000 and NEs after the communication between the U2000 and NEs recovers or
the U2000 is restarted. Figure 5-17 shows the implementation of alarm synchronization.
l If an alarm is cleared from an NE but uncleared on the U2000, the alarm will be cleared
from the U2000.
l If an alarm is present on an NE but absent on the U2000, the alarm will be added to the
U2000.
Alarm Redefinition
The U2000 allows you to redefine the severities of alarms on NEs according to the requirements.
This function changes the alarm severity displayed on the U2000, highlighting only the required
alarms.
Alarm Suppression
The U2000 supports the function of suppressing NE alarms. If you set the status of an alarm to
Suppressed, the NE does not report the alarm.
The difference between alarm suppression and alarm masking is as follows: If you enable alarm
masking, an NE still reports the masked alarm but the U2000 does not receive the alarm. If you
enable alarm suppression, the NE does not report the suppressed alarm. For details, see Figure
5-18.
Alarm Association
The U2000 supports the function of locating alarms, that is, associating alarms with the
topological object (NE or NE panel) where the alarms are generated. This function improves
fault locating efficiency. Figure 5-20 shows the alarm association function.
Alarm association
Alarm maintenance experience is summarized and recorded on the U2000 by users during
maintenance. If a similar fault occurs, relevant alarm handling information is available in the
base for reference to achieve quick and efficient alarm handling.
By using the function of importing alarm/event maintenance experience, you can import the
previously exported alarm/event maintenance experience to the U2000.
By using the function of exporting alarm/event maintenance experience, you can export alarm/
event maintenance experience on the U2000 to a file. This makes it easier to view alarm/event
maintenance experience in the file.
Benefit
NMS provides performance monitoring functions to support performance management at both
the NE level and the network level. By creating a performance instance, you can enable the NMS
to collect performance data from network devices according to a specified period.
l Monitoring NE performance. This function supports the monitoring of performance
indicators at the NE level, including:
– CPU usage
– Memory usage
– Hard disk usage
– Total of online accesses
Process
The U2000 provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to monitor the key indicators of a network
and provide statistics on the collected performance data. This facilitates network performance
management.
Function Description
The following is a function description of performance module.
Template Description
Template Description
Task: A task is the minimum unit for performance collection. A task consists of a resource and
an indicator group. The management of a task is implemented by management of an instance.
Figure 5-23 shows the relationships between a template, an instance, and a task.
l Create monitoring instances for resources, such as NEs, boards, ports, and links, and
monitor the IP SLA of the PTN and third-party equipment.
You can view the history performance data of a network in a graph, bar chart, or table, and save
the performance data in different file formats.
NOTE
l The information displayed in a graph or bar chart can be saved in HTML, CSV, TXT, or PDF format.
l The information displayed in a table can be saved in TXT, CSV, or HTML format.
In addition, you can compare the performance data in different periods in a graph or bar chart
or compare the indicators of different resources in the same diagram.
l The information displayed in a graph or bar chart can be saved in HTML, CSV, TXT, or PDF format.
l The information displayed in a table can be saved in TXT, CSV, or HTML format.
Shelf Shelf Name, Shelf Type, Relevant NE, Shelf ID, Software Version, Alias,
Relevant Telecommunications Room, Relevant Rack, Shelf No.,
Equipment No..
Board Board Name, Board Type, Relevant NE, NE Type, Shelf ID, Slot ID,
Hardware Version, Software Version, Serial Number, Alias.
Port Port Type, NE Type, Device Name, Frame, Slot, Port, Name.
Optical Module Port, Logical Card, Physical Card, Serial Number, CLEI Code, Part
Number, Date of Manufacture, User Label.
Fiber/Cable Name, Level/Capacity, Direction, Source NE, Source Port, Sink NE, Sink
Port, Length, Attenuation, Fiber/Cable Type, Medium Type, Created on,
Creator, Maintainer, Alarm Severity, Disabled Status.
Link Alarm Severity, Link Name, Type of Borne Network Protocol, Source NE,
Source Port, Source IP, Sink NE, Sink Port, Sink IP, Link Level, Link Rate,
Up Band Width, Down Band Width, User Label.
PON Port OLT Device Name, Name, Optical Split, Used Optical Split, Idle Optical
Splitting Status Split, Remaining Bandwidth.
Log Classification
The logs of the U2000 are classified into operation logs, system logs, security logs, and NE logs.
The logs can be saved to TXT, HTML, CSV, PDF, and XLS files.
l Operation logs record the non-security-related operations that users perform, such as
creating a subnet and enabling or disabling the alarm sound.
l System logs record the operations that the U2000 automatically performs, such as scheduled
tasks and system tasks.
l Security logs record the security-related operations that users perform, such as login, logout,
lockout, and unlocking.
l NE Syslog operation logs record operation results of managed NEs. You can learn the
operation logs of NEs on the U2000 client instead of from each NE.
l NE Syslog running logs record the operating information of NEs managed by the U2000.
The U2000 obtains from NEs all Syslog running logs of NEs. You can browse the Syslog
running logs of the managed NEs on the U2000 instead of from each NE.
Forwarding Logs
l U2000 log forwarding: The U2000 can forward its operation logs to the Syslog server to
save the operation information, which releases storage space on the U2000 server. The logs
serve as a reference for maintenance.
l NE log forwarding: The U2000 can forward the information about various NEs in the format
that complies with the system log protocol to the Syslog server. Then, U2000 administrators
and maintenance engineers can view the status of NEs according to the importance of the
NE information.
l Dumping logs
– Operation logs, system logs, and security logs can be dumped periodically and
automatically or dumped manually. The logs can also be dumped upon an overflow
when the size of the logs exceeds the preset threshold.
– The U2000 provides only one default system task for each type of logs. You cannot
delete the system tasks or create new dumping tasks. You can only modify the
parameters of the system tasks.
– Dumped logs are saved to CSV or XML files. You can compress the files into a ZIP
file. By default, logs are dumped to the $IMAP_ROOT/dump/ThresholdExport/
Log (Solaris/Linux) or %IMAP_ROOT%\dump\ThresholdExport\Log (Windows)
path.
– After the logs are dumped, they are deleted from the database to release the database
space.
l Exporting logs
– The U2000 provides only one default system task for each type of logs. You cannot
delete the system tasks or create new exporting tasks. You can only modify the
parameters of the system tasks.
– Exported logs are saved to CSV or XML files. You can compress the files into a ZIP
file. By default, logs are exported to the $IMAP_ROOT/dump/fileint/syslogs (Solaris/
Linux) or %IMAP_ROOT%\dump\fileint\syslogs (Windows) path.
– After the logs are exported, they are not deleted from the database.
NE Database Management
To ensure NE data security, the U2000 provides the functions of backing up and restoring NE
data.
In NE software management, you can back up and restore NE data on a server.
l Back up the NE database to a local or remote server in a manual or scheduled manner.
l Restore the NE database from a local or remote server.
You can use the system control and communication unit (SCC) or CF board on the NE to back
up and restore the NE database for the transport access NEs.
l Back up the NE database to the SCC board manually.
l Back up the NE database to the CF board manually or automatically.
l Restore the NE configuration data from the SCC board or CF board.
NMS Database
Storage Device
Automatically Back Up
Manually Back Up
Alarm Configuration
Performance Log
Security ……
The U2000 provides a database backup and restoration tool. The tool facilitates database
maintenance and ensures the stability and security of the U2000. It provides the following NMS
database management functions:
l Back up the U2000 database to a local or remote server in the following ways:
– Immediate backup
– Scheduled backup through task scheduling
l Restore the U2000 database from a local or remote server.
l Dump data in the U2000 database, including logs (such as operation logs, system logs,
security logs, and alarm/event logs) and other data (such as performance data).
– Manual dump
– Periodic dump
l Import or export script files: Export the configuration data in the U2000 to script files, or
import the configuration data to the U2000 from script files. The configuration upgrade
wizard instructs users to restore the U2000 database by using the configuration data script
that has been backed up. The functions of importing and exporting script files are applicable
to only the PTN MSTP, WDM, and microwave NEs.
Script files can be exported in a scheduled manner through task scheduling.
The U2000 information about the MSTP and WDM NEs can be exported to a TXT file so
that the information can be used by the MDS 6600. In addition, the U2000 can import a
TXT file that contains the MDS 6600 data.
l Initialize the U2000 database: Clear and initialize the U2000 database before restoring the
database in the case where the database data is in disorder or damaged.
The PTN RTN, NA WDM, and NG WDM product series do not support preconfiguration and the
downloading of configuration data. The U2000 provides more reliable functions, that is, the database
package backup and restoration, to resolve the data restoration problem. This is because:
l The configuration data does not contain complete NE data. The complete data can be obtained by
using the database package restoration function.
l During the downloading of configuration data, the U2000 converts the configuration data to the Qx
interface information. Then, the data can be exchanged between the U2000 and the NE, but the
efficiency is relatively low. In the database package restoration mode, databases are directly
downloaded to the NE, which ensures a high efficiency.
l On the U2000, only one set of configuration data can be saved, but the database package can have
many backup copies. Select the backup package as required.
channel (DCC). In an actual network, the U2000 and NEs may be located at different floors of
the same building or in different buildings or cities. Hence, the U2000 and NEs are usually
connected through an external DCN network that consists of equipment such as switches and
routers. Relatively, the DCN network between NEs is referred to as an internal DCN network.
DCN management involves the following operations:
l Modify gateway NE (GNE) parameters.
l Change the GNE of a non-GNE.
l Set the secondary GNE of a non-GNE.
l Convert a GNE to a non-GNE.
l Convert a non-GNE to a GNE.
l Check the GNE switching status.
l Test the communication between the U2000 and a GNE.
l Check the network communication status.
Networking diagram
iWeb Report
The iWeb report system provides a complete set of flexible and convenient services. It allows
you to generate, distribute, and manage reports based on the Web. The powerful report system
helps you to monitor, analyze, and improve network performance, and make decisions
accordingly.
The iWeb report system supports the following alarm and log reports:
l Details report on equipment alarm severity distribution
l Report on equipment alarm severity distribution
l Equipment connectivity statistics report
l General alarm information report
l History change record report
For information on the functions of the iWeb report system, see 10.9 Report Subsystem
Management.
The function of managing system processes enables you to perform the following operations as
shown in Figure 5-30.
l Monitor the processes, databases and server information about the U2000 in real time. For
the running status of the U2000 server, see System Information Monitoring.
l Start and stop processes automatically or manually.
– When the U2000 is started, all the processes start automatically.
– The U2000 restarts a process automatically if this process stops abnormally.
– Processes can be started or stopped manually as required.
l Set the security communication mode.
This topic describes the functional features of MSTP NE management and network management.
Basic NE Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Modify NE attributes such as:
– NE name
– NE ID
– Extended NE ID
– Remarks
– NE pre-configuration
NOTE
For the NE whose ID needs to be set through the DIP switch, modify the NE ID on the U2000.
l Synchronize NE time: Align all NEs with the system time of the U2000 server
automatically.
l Query physical resources in the following lists:
– NE list
– Board manufacturer information
– Board list
– Cabinet list
– Subrack list
– Equipment room list
l Use the board plug and play function: After a board is inserted into the slot, the NE Panel
automatically displays the board icon and board information.
l Replace a board. You can replace a board with a board of another type on the U2000.
– Query the actual physical board type of a board that is used as a board of another type.
– The user can replace board A with board B whose rate and number of ports is the same
or less as of board A.
l Enable the function of automatically disabling the NE: periodically disable some NE
functions that may affect services, such as loopback and automatic laser shutdown (ALS).
When the time expires, these operations will stop automatically.
l Environment monitoring information. The following items can be set:
– PMU interface
– EMU interface
– CAU interface
– NE fan speed
l Virtual NE management
– Create a virtual NE.
– Add a board.
– Create fibers between the virtual NE and other NEs.
– Create SDH services.
– Create protection subnets.
– Search for and create trails on the virtual NE.
l Support the replacement of the boards.
l Supports the management of inband DCN.
l Support graphical display of performance events relevant to the optical power.
l Create a board with adjustable bandwidth for a preconfigured NE.
Orderwire Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Set and query the orderwire phone numbers, call waiting time, and orderwire phone port
availability.
l Set and query the network-wide conference call number.
l Set and query the length of the subnet ID and the related subnet of the optical interface.
l Configure and query the SDH network node interface (NNI) connection for orderwire.
l Configure and query the F1 data port.
l Configure and query the broadcast data port.
l Configure VC12, VC3, or VC4 services and select protection groups for them. In the
platform 4.0 equipment, select protection groups of these services.
l Manage Transmux services, including M13/E13 Transmux and M13/E13 Transmux Server
services.
l Configure VC4-4C, VC4-8C, VC4-16C, or VC4-64C concatenated service; bind or unbind
services, and select protection groups for them.
l Configure other services: enterprise system connection (ESCON) services, 64 kbit/s
services (including TDA board services, Nx64 kbit/s services), and DSL services.
l Manage subnetwork connection multiple protection (SNCMP) services.
l Activate or deactivate services.
l Manage subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) services.
l Manage subnetwork connection tunnel protection (SNCTP) services.
l Convert an SNCP service to a normal service or convert a normal service to an SNCP
service.
l Configure multiple multiplex section protection (MSP) rings at a single optical port.
Configure multiple MSP rings by VC4 at an optical port to increase the usage of network
resources.
l Configure REG. After the line board is set as REG, each pair of optical interfaces of the
line board provides a special receive or transmit function. Through the internal switch, the
SDH signals from the receiving optical interface are sent out directly to the corresponding
transmitting optical interface after passing through the regenerator section layer and being
amplified. The REG function is completely implemented by the board without the
cooperation of the SCC board and a cross-connect board.
l Query the capacity of higher order and lower order cross-connections on an NE.
– Network attributes
– Encapsulation/mapping
– Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS)
– Bound path
– Advanced attributes
l Configure the parameters of the external ports of Ethernet interface, including:
– Basic attributes
– Flow control
– TAG attributes
– Network attributes
– Advanced attributes
l Configure point-to-point LPT and point-to-multipoint LPT.
l Configure E-Line services, including Ethernet private line (EPL) and Ethernet virtual
private line (EVPL). Create a new service and configure a bound path.
l Configure Ethernet private LAN (EPLAN) services. Create a new virtual bridge (VB) and
configure the following parameters: service mount, VLAN filtering table, VLAN unicast,
MAC address disabling, bound path, self-learning MAC address, VB port MAC address
table capacity, and VLAN MAC address table capacity.
l Configure the parameters of Ethernet Layer-2 switching, including:
– Aging time
– Spanning Tree Protocol
– Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
– IGMP snooping protocol
l Configure QinQ service: QinQ is an embedded technology in VLAN, and tags users with
multi-layer VLAN ID, so that VLAN can be extended. Perform operations such as adding,
stripping and exchanging of tags in different scenarios.
l Configure Ethernet link aggregation group (LAG), which contains intra-board LAG and
inter-board LAG.
– Create or delete an LAG.
– Add or delete LAG ports.
– Query LAG ports and aggregation state.
l Configure the parameters of quality of service (QoS), including:
– Flow configuration
– CAR configuration
– CoS configuration
– Flow shaping management
– Port shaping management
– Differentiated service (DiffServ) domains
– CAR policy
– Port WRED Policy
– V-UNI ingress policy
– V-UNI egress policy
– PW policy
– Weighted random early detection (WRED) congestion and discarding policy of services
– QinQ policy
– Weighted fair queuing (WFQ) schedule policy
– CoS queue scheduling priority mapping
l Test frame receiving and transmitting on Ethernet boards, including the EGT, EFT, EGS,
EFS and EMS boards.
l Query the opposite NE of the data services on these boards.
l Use QoS template to simplify the QoS configuration for Ethernet services.
l Enable the automatic reporting function of RMON performance of Ethernet boards.
l Support the dumping of history RMON performance of Ethernet boards.
l Support the protocol diagnosis function.
l Support the alarm function in the case of no traffic at Ethernet ports.
l Support the Ethernet port mirroring.
l Set and query the MAC address of a data board.
l Support the traffic statistics function at a port.
l Support traffic monitoring and report for an Ethernet port.
l Allow the board to respond to the ping command.
l Create flows in batches.
l Support the ability to manage multi-protocol label switching (MPLS). The MSTP
equipment builds a label switched path (LSP) with a PE router, identifies LSP labels and
service priorities, and encapsulates LSPs into virtual concatenation groups (VCGs) for
transmission.
l Configure the static routes and address resolution.
l Configure E-Line services, E-LAN services, E-AGGR services, and clock services.
RPR Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
Clock Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query the clock synchronization status.
l Set the clock source priority tables, including:
l Create an MPLS tunnel 1+1 protection group and an MPLS tunnel 1:1 protection group,
including the switching mode, return mode, wait-to-restore (WTR) time, and hold-off time.
l Perform MPLS tunnel protection switching.
l Query the protection switching status of an MPLS tunnel.
MS PW Configuration
By creating a multi-segment pseudowire (MS-PW) to transmit services, tunnel resources and
transmit services over different networks can be saved.
You can perform the following operations on the U2000 for configuring CES services:
MSTP Configuration
The MSTP can be used to clear loops in a network. The MSTP uses a specific algorithm to block
some redundant trails and change a loop network to a non-loop tree network. This function
prevents packet increase in a loop network and generation of broadcast storms in an endless
cycle. Different from the STP and RSTP, the MSTP can forward data according to VLAN packets
and achieve load balance of VLAN data.
You can perform the following operations on the U2000 for configuring the following MSTP
attributes:
Packet Function
Implement the packet functions, such as the PW OAM, PW APS, MCSP, MC LAG, MS PW,
CES, and bidirectional tunnel.
MSP of an 8 x VC4 bandwidth, if the 6 x VC4 bandwidth is enough, then change the
protection bandwidth from 8 x VC4 to 6 x VC4 bandwidth and save 4 x VC4 for the use
of non-MSP-protected services.
l Expand the capacity of an MSP ring and a linear MSP chain. To be specific, you can expand
the link capacity by replacing the line boards on both sides of the link without interrupting
active services. For example, upgrade an STM-16 MSP ring to STM-64 smoothly.
l Change the revertive mode of linear MSP protection without restarting the protocol.
l Expand and add nodes to multiple types of protection subnets, including MSP, SNCP, PP,
NP ring, NP chain and their combinations.
l Query the names, types and status of all protection subnets.
l Query and set the switching status, wait-to-restore (WTR) time, and the trigger condition
of the protection subnet.
l Query all the isolated nodes and delete useless nodes.
l Set and view SDH NNIs.
l Query the relevant trail by protection subnet.
l Manage the entire RPR ring network. To be specific, you can create, delete, and search for
an RPR ring; you can manage the RPR ring protection parameters and link parameters.
RPR ring topology can be displayed through a view.
l Generate the MSTP protection subnet report to facilitate the statistics and maintenance of
the protection subnets.
– Manage optical power: Query the input power, output power, and power thresholds for
SDH boards.
– Set and query the overhead bytes of all NEs on the trail, such as the trace byte.
– The U2000 prompts users to configure trace bytes when timeslot out-of-sequence occurs
to the MS.
– Query the status of a lower order service.
– Set overhead pass-through or termination for all NEs on the trail.
– Insert alarms such as AIS and remote defect indication (RDI) into the trails at the VC4
level.
– Set loopback on any nodes on a trail, including VC4 loopback, tributary loopback,
optical interface loopback and cross-connection loopback.
– Perform a PRBS test on a trail.
– Modify the add/drop ports on a trail and the timeslots occupied by the trail without
interrupting services.
– Adjust the original route partially by changing the NE, board or timeslot that the trail
passes through.
– Modify the route for concatenated services without interrupting services.
– Set SNCP switching on a trail.
– Implement the function of automatically generating dually-fed SDH services for 1+1
linear MSP.
– Duplicate an SDH trail so that SDH trails can be created in batches.
– Duplicate an SDH trail that is configured with DNI protection, so that SDH trails can
be created in batches.
– Manage discrete SDH services, such as querying or analyzing discrete services.
– Analyze the connectivity of an SDH trail and locate a fault of an SDH trail.
– View the usage of VC12 or VC3 trails related to a VC4 server trail in graphical format,
and the information about the VC12 or VC3 trails.
– Convert SDH discrete cross-connections to a mono nodal trail.
– Manage SDH trails based on permissions and domains.
– Search for fibers on an SDH trail.
l Manage the alarms and performance events related to an SDH trail.
– Configure alarm suppression or alarm reversion for a trail.
– Query current and history alarms, current and history performance data, unavailable
time (UAT) and performance threshold-crossing records of an SDH trail.
– Set performance parameters for an SDH trail.
– Query the SDH trails and customer information affected by an alarm.
– Display R_LOS alarms in the Transmission Media Layer Route view.
l Search for trails. Based on the NE configuration data at the NE layer, and the fiber
connection data and protection subnet information at the network layer, the U2000
generates the network layer information about E2E trails.
l Name trails automatically.
l Filter trails in three ways.
– Filter all: Filter all trails and display only the qualified trails.
– Secondary filter: Filter those trails that are already displayed according to the filter
criteria.
– Incremental filter: Filter all trails and display the newly qualified trails together with
the currently displayed ones.
For release 4.0 NEs (version 4.bb.cc.dd), the SDH NNI needs to be created on Ethernet line boards.
l Activate or deactivate an Ethernet trail.
l During search of Ethernet trails, the U2000 retains the attributes of the existing ones as
they are.
l Manage discrete Ethernet services, such as querying or analyzing discrete services.
l Search for an Ethernet trail.
l Filter trails in three ways.
– Filter all: Filter all trails and display only the qualified trails.
– Secondary filter: Filter those trails that are already displayed according to the filter
criteria.
– Incremental filter: Filter all trails and display the newly qualified trails together with
the currently displayed ones.
l Manage the alarms and performance events related to an Ethernet trail.
– Query the Ethernet trails and customer information affected by an alarm.
– Query current and history alarms related to an Ethernet trail.
– Implement the RMON performance function for an Ethernet trail.
l Enable or disable the optical virtual private network (OVPN) status of the NE.
l Query SRGs relevant to an NE.
TE Link Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Filter ASON services by actual route, original route or shared mesh restoration trail.
l Synchronize ASON trails by domain or basic attributes.
l View ASON trails.
l View the details of an ASON trail.
l Create an ASON server trail of the diamond, gold, silver, or copper class.
l Create an ASON trail of the diamond, gold, silver, copper or iron class.
l Set the OVPN customer of an ASON trail.
l Activate or deactivate ASON trails or SDH ASON server trails.
l Delete inactive SDH ASON trails or inactive SDH ASON server trails.
l Delete SDH ASON trails or SDH ASON server trails on the NMS side.
l Duplicate ASON trails.
l Optimize ASON trails.
l Pre-calculate and optimize service trails.
l Set routing attributes of ASON trails, including rerouting lockout status, revertive lockout
status, rerouting priority, rerouting revertive mode, WTR time, schedule revertive time,
rerouting policy, trigger condition, crankback and rerouting triggered by B3 bit error.
l Query the rerouting reversion status of a revertive ASON trail.
l Create the associated trails with a same initial node or different initial nodes.
l Set association for ASON trails.
l Remove association for ASON trails.
l Set the association source for ASON trails.
l Query the related SDH trails for ASON trails.
l Set a preset restoration trail for an ASON trail.
l Downgrade an ASON trail to an SDH trail.
l Migrate a trail without interrupting services.
l View the actual route, original route or associated route of an ASON trail.
l View the preset restoration trail or shared mesh restoration trail of an ASON trail.
l Revert ASON trails manually.
l Switch the working or protection trail of a diamond trail manually.
l View the alarms of an ASON trail.
SRG Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
This topic describes the functions and features of WDM NE management and network
management.
Basic NE Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Synchronize NE time: Send the computer system time, NTP server time, or standard NTP
server time at the U2000 server to all NEs for synchronizing the NE time. You can set the
U2000 to automatically synchronize the NE time by specifying the automatic
synchronization period.
l Query the physical inventory information, including information about the
telecommunications rooms, racks, NEs, shelves, boards, and ports.
l Implement the board plug and play feature: After a board is inserted into a slot, the NE
Panel automatically displays the board and the board information.
l Disable NE functions automatically: You can set the time when the U2000 automatically
disables certain NE functions that may affect services. At the time specified, these functions
are automatically disabled.
l Modify the following NE attributes:
– NE name
– NE ID
– Extended NE ID
– Remarks
– NE pre-configuration
l Modify the following attributes of an optical NE:
– Name
– Remarks
– Resources assigned
l Manage environment monitoring information: You can set the PMU interface, NE fan
speed, temperature monitoring, and voltage monitoring.
l Manage network operator information: You can set the information about the network
operator, including the international identifier, domestic identifier, and user-defined
identifier.
l Search for and create NEs by discovering NE IP addresses automatically.
Orderwire Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Set a board as an orderwire board and query the orderwire board information.
l Set and query the orderwire phone numbers, call waiting time, dialing mode, and orderwire
phone port availability.
l Set and query network-wide conference call numbers.
l Set and query the subnet number length and the related subnet of an optical interface.
l Set and query an NNI orderwire phone.
l Set and query an F1 data port.
l Set and query a broadcast data port.
l Set E1 cross-connections.
l Configure Ethernet port mirroring. You can monitor packets, perform routine maintenance
and in-service commissioning through a mirrored port in a flexible manner.
l Set the following attributes of an internal Ethernet interface:
– Basic attributes
– Flow control
– Tag attributes
– Network attributes
– Bound path
– Advanced attributes
l Set the following attributes of an external Ethernet interface:
– Basic attributes
– Flow control
– Tag attributes
– Network attributes
– Advanced attributes
l Configure E-Line services such as Ethernet private line (EPL), Ethernet virtual private line
(EVPL) (QinQ), and VLAN subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) services.
NOTE
l QinQ is a VLAN embedding technique that employs multi-layer VLAN IDs to identify different users.
In this manner, VLAN resources are expanded. The U2000 supports the function of adding labels.
l A VLAN SNCP service is a VLAN-based E-Line service that is configured with SNCP protection.
You can create VLAN SNCP and QinQ VLAN SNCP services, and perform conversion between a
VLAN SNCP service and a common Ethernet service.
l Configure Ethernet private LAN (EPLAN) services: You can create a virtual bridge (VB)
and set parameters including service mounting, VLAN filtering, VLAN unicast, MAC
address disablement, bound path, and MAC address automatic learning.
l Set the following parameters for QoS:
– Flow
– CAR
– CoS
– Flow shaping
– Port shaping
l Configure link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS): LCAS can dynamically adjust the
number of virtual containers for mapping desired services, so as to satisfy different
Overhead Configuration
You can configure OTN overheads as follows on the U2000:
l Configure and query section monitoring (SM) overheads.
l Configure and query optical transmission section (OTS) overheads.
l Configure and query path monitoring (PM) overheads.
l Configure and query tandem connection monitoring (TCM) overheads.
l Query optical channel payload unit (OPU) overheads.
l Configure and query fault type and fault location reporting channel (FTFL) overheads.
You can configure SDH overheads for the OptiX OSN 8800 T32 and OptiX OSN 8800 T64 as
follows on the U2000:
l Configure regenerator section overheads (J0).
l Configure lower order path overheads (V5 and J2).
l Configure VC4 higher order path overheads (J1 and C2) and pass-through or termination.
l Configure VC3 higher order path overheads (J1 and C2).
l Configure several WDM service boards in specified slots to form a cross-connect unit
group.
l Perform the add/drop, pass-through, and loopback operation on GE/FC services in each
cross-connect unit group.
l The U2000 allows you to configure electrical cross-connections to control the service flow
at the electrical layer, and to dynamically groom, converge, and split sub-wavelength
services. In this manner, the network structure and network survivability are enhanced.
l The U2000 supports integrated grooming of GE, ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, and ODU3
services implemented by the XCS.
l The U2000 supports distributed grooming of GE, ODU0, ODU1, and ODU2 services and
Any services.
l The U2000 supports unidirectional and bidirectional SNCP at the ODU3, ODU2, ODU1,
or ODU0 level.
Perform service package management on the OptiX OSN 1800. The service package module
helps you perform typical service configurations. In this manner, you need not perform onsite
commissioning. This reduces costs in deployment commissioning and product maintenance. In
addition, the equipment can be configured in a one-key manner.
Manage licenses for service types and cross-connect capacities of the OptiX OSN 8800 T32 and
OptiX OSN 8800 T64.
ROADM Configuration
By using the reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) function on the U2000,
you can perform add/drop and pass-through configuration for optical channels. The WDM
equipment uses the DWC and wave selective switch (WSS) to implement the ROADM function.
Clock Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure a clock source for a board.
l Configure transparent transmission for an external clock.
l Configure a clock for the SCC board.
– Configure a clock for the optical supervisory channel unit.
– Specify the clock source traced by the SCC board.
– Define clock source priorities.
wavelength count, an exception event is reported to the U2000. After the user confirms
the event, the user needs to manually issue a command to adjust the attenuation of each
station on the link.
– The power detection mode applies to a transmission link where the number of add
wavelengths differs from the number of drop wavelengths at an OADM station. When
the optical amplifier board detects that the output power is abnormal, the station
automatically issues a command to adjust the attenuation of each station on the link.
This mode does not involve a spectrum analyzer unit and is therefore cost-effective.
– The link attenuation adjustment mode also applies to a transmission link where the
number of add wavelengths differs from the number of drop wavelengths at an OADM
station. When the optical power is attenuated to the detection threshold, a command is
automatically issued to adjust the attenuation of each station on the link.
NOTE
The link attenuation adjustment mode is also referred to as the gain mode, which compares line attenuation
with amplifier gain, and then compares the difference between line attenuation and amplifier gain with
node gain compensation offset. After the nominal gain of the optical amplifier unit and the attenuation of
the attenuation adjustment unit are adjusted, the attenuation is equal to the gain, ensuring the power budget
of the entire link.
l Perform automatic power equilibrium (APE). If the MCA board at the receive end detects
that the optical power of certain channels is abnormal, the station reports an exception event
to the U2000. After the user confirms the event, the U2000 issues a command to the optical
attenuation adjustment board of the upstream station. This board adjusts the optical power
of the abnormal channel so that the optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) of each channel at
the receive end is equalized.
l Perform ROADM optical power equalization. After ROADM is enabled for dynamically
configuring wavelength services, the WDM equipment outputs multiplexed wavelengths.
The optical power between each channel, however, may be greatly different, especially for
new add wavelengths. To avoid negative impact on transmission performance, the ROADM
optical power equalization mechanism is provided. The ROADM first distinguishes
between pass-through wavelengths and the add wavelengths. Then the DWC/WSS adjusts
the optical power of the pass-through wavelengths, and the optical attenuation adjustment
board adjusts the add wavelengths based on wavelength flags.
l Configure pre-alerts for optical power at ports.
Dispersion Compensation
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Perform dispersion compensation (with the help of the DCM board) at each band to
implement dispersion equalization.
l Use tunable dispersion compensators (TDCs) to adjust dispersion precisely.
l In the submarine system, use a separate dispersion compensation board, such as the TDC1
or TDC2 board, to perform dispersion compensation for signals on the line side of an OTU
board.
Wavelength Monitoring
By using the U2000, you can perform wavelength monitoring management for the OptiX BWS
1600G, OptiX OSN 6800, OptiX OSN 8800 T32, and OptiX OSN 8800 T64.
WDM PRBS
By using the U2000, you can perform a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) test on a board
to check the path quality. You can also check whether a WDM link functions properly before a
service is provisioned.
l Configure SDH line boards, SDH services, and SDH service protection for the OptiX OSN
8800 T32 and OptiX OSN 8800 T64.
l Configure VC12, VC3, or VC4 services and select protection groups for them.
l Activate or deactivate services.
l Configure SNCP services.
l Switch between an SNCP service and a common service.
l Query the capacities of higher order and lower order cross-connections on an NE.
l Configure subnetwork connection tunnel protection (SNCTP). SNCTP provides protection
channels at the VC4 level. When the working channel is faulty, all its services are switched
to the protection channel.
l Configure linear multiplex section protection (MSP). In the MSP protection, bytes K1 and
K2 in the SDH multiplex section overhead (MSOH) are used to transmit protocol
information to control the transmit and receive routes of services on a chain network.
l Configure MSP rings, including two-fiber and four-fiber MSP rings.
l Configure transoceanic MSP rings. A transoceanic multiplex section (MS) is an MS based
on the transoceanic MSP protocol and used to provide path protection for higher-order
services on a transoceanic ring network.
PFE Management
By using the U2000, you can manage the PFE 1670. The PFE 1670 is the power supply
equipment for the submarine transmission system.
FC Service Test
The FC service test uses the 12LOM board to replace the FC test equipment (such as the
SmartBits) for running the test. The FC service test verifies whether the FC service line and the
equipment under test are in the normal state. By using the U2000, you can perform FC service
tests.
Basic NE Configuration
By using the U2000, you can perform the following operations:
l Synchronize the NE time: Send the computer system time and NTP server time at the
U2000 server to all NEs for synchronizing the NE time. You can configure the U2000 to
automatically synchronize the NE time by specifying the automatic synchronization period.
l Query physical resources in the following items:
– NE list
– Bard manufacturer information
– board list
– Shelf list
– Telecommunications room list
l Implement the board plug and play feature: After a board is inserted into a slot, the NE
Panel automatically displays the board and the board information.
l Disable the NE functions automatically: You can set the time when the U2000
automatically disables certain NE functions that may affect services, such as the loopback
and automatic laser shutdown (ALS) functions. At the time specified, these functions are
disabled automatically.
l Configure or modify the NE attributes:
– Modify the NE name.
– Modify the NE remarks.
– Enable or disable automatic board installation.
– Enable or disable LAN port access control.
– Set start time for 24-hour performance monitoring.
– Enable or disable daylight saving time (DST).
– Modify the IP address and subnet mask of an NE.
– Enable or disable ARP proxy.
– Enable or disable the OSI protocol.
– Modify a shelf name.
– Modify shelf remarks.
– Set the time zone and DST.
– Perform a cold reset or warm reset on an NE.
– Reset the NE in DBERASE mode, with the NE database erased.
– Reset the NE in SWDL mode after the NE software is downloaded.
– Enable or disable performance reporting.
– Enable or disable alarm reporting.
– Enable or disable database change (DBCHG) reporting.
– Clear audible and visual alarm indication of an NE in a cabinet.
– Set the NE alarm delay time, including the delay time for alarm start and the delay time
for alarm end.
– Set the longitude and latitude of an NE.
– Set the affiliated gateway IP address.
– Set the affiliated gateway port.
– Set the state model of an NE.
Orderwire Configuration
By using the U2000, you can perform the following operations:
l Set and query orderwire phone numbers and call waiting time.
l Set and query network-wide conference call numbers.
l Set and query the subnet number length.
l Configure Ethernet port mirroring. You can monitor packets, perform routine maintenance,
and in-service commissioning through a mirrored port in a flexible manner.
l Set the following attributes for an internal Ethernet interface:
– Basic attributes
– Tag attributes
– Network attributes
– Advanced attributes
– Flow control
l Set the following attributes for an external Ethernet interface:
– Basic attributes
– Flow control
– Tag attributes
– Network attributes
– Advanced attributes
l Configure Ethernet private line (EPL), Ethernet virtual private line (EVPL) (QinQ), and
VLAN subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) services.
NOTE
l QinQ is a VLAN embedding technique that employs multi-layer VLAN IDs to identify different users.
In this manner, VLAN resources are expanded. The U2000 supports the function of adding labels.
l A VLAN SNCP service is a VLAN-based E-Line service with SNCP protection. You can create VLAN
SNCP and QinQ VLAN SNCP services, and perform conversion between a VLAN SNCP service and
a common Ethernet service.
l Configure Ethernet private LAN (EPLAN) services: You can create a virtual bridge (VB)
and set parameters including service mounting, VLAN filtering, VLAN unicast, MAC
address disablement, bound path, and MAC address automatic learning.
l Set the following parameters for QoS:
– Flow
– CAR
– CoS
– Port shaping
l Configure OAM for Ethernet services.
l Configure OAM for Ethernet ports.
l Configure the intra-board LAG function.
l Configure the DLAG function.
l Configure the VLAN group function.
l Configure port MAC address filtering.
l Test frames received and transmitted on Ethernet boards.
l Configure the protocol diagnosis function.
l Configure the QinQ type area.
l Set the following parameters for Ethernet Layer 2 switching:
– Aging time
– Spanning tree
– IGMP snooping protocol
l Configure automatic reporting of RMON performance of Ethernet boards.
l Dump history RMON performance data of Ethernet boards.
Overhead Configuration
By using the U2000, you can configure OTN overheads as follows:
l Configure and query section monitoring (SM) overheads.
l Configure and query path monitoring (PM) overheads.
l Configure and query tandem connection monitoring (TCM) overheads.
l Query optical channel payload unit (OPU) overheads.
l Configure and query fault type and fault location reporting channel (FTFL) overheads.
By using the U2000, you can configure WDM overheads as follows:
l Configure an optical channel (OCh) overhead management-SONET interface.
l Configure OTU overheads at the OCh overhead management-OTN interface.
l Configure ODU overheads at the OCh overhead management-OTN interface.
l Configure OPU overheads at the OCh overhead management-OTN interface.
l Configure TCM overheads at the OCh overhead management-OTN interface.
l Configure OTS overheads at the OCh overhead management-OTN interface.
l Integrated grooming of GE, ODU1, ODU2, and ODU3 services implemented by XCS.
l Distributed grooming of GE, ODU1, ODU2, and Any services.
Configure ODU3, ODU2, ODU1, ODU0, GE/Any, and OTU1 cross-connections, and
unidirectional and bidirectional SNCP at the ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, and ODU3 levels.
l Create OCh cross-connections dynamically, and manage optical cross-connections by
board or NE, including creation, activation, deactivation, deletion and query.
l Create edge ports.
Perform the following service management operations:
l Lock WDM trails and view the lock status of the trails in the Service Management window
of the NE Explorer.
l View the names of the trails that a service traverses.
l Query the trails that a service traverses.
ROADM Configuration
By using the ROADM function on the U2000, you can perform add/drop and pass-through
configurations on optical channels. The WDM equipment uses DWC and WSS to implement
the re-configuring of optical add/drop multiplexing.
l DWC type of ROADM: DWC is applicable to common nodes on a chain or ring network.
l WSS type of ROADM: WSS is applicable to cross-connect nodes on a ring. This feature
is applicable to grooming of multi-dimensional optical cross-connections. A maximum of
eight dimensions are supported.
The U2000 supports optical broadcast cross-connection services on a per-NE basis.
Clock Configuration
By using the U2000, you can perform the following operations:
Configure the master clock.
l Add a clock source.
l Delete a clock source.
l Query a clock source.
Configure a clock for the OTC board.
l Set the input attributes of a clock for the OTC board.
l Set the output attributes of a clock for the OTC board.
l Set the working route of a clock for the OTC board.
l Set the synchronization clock source.
l Manage the optical power. For example, query the input power, output power, and power
threshold of each WDM board.
l Perform intelligent power adjustment (IPA). When a fiber is cut, the optical amplifier board
detects signal loss at a station. The station reports an exception event to the U2000. After
the user confirms the event, the optical amplifier boards at the upstream and downstream
stations reduce their output power to a safe value to prevent the fiber maintenance personnel
from being injured by the laser emitted from the cut fiber. After the fiber is reconnected,
the optical signals recover to normal and the optical power of each optical amplifier board
automatically returns to a normal value.
l Perform automatic level control (ALC). Link attenuation (gain mode) can be used as the
adjustment mode. The link attenuation adjustment mode applies to a transmission link
where the number of add wavelengths differs from the number of drop wavelengths at an
OADM. When the optical power is attenuated to the detection threshold, a command is
automatically issued to adjust the attenuation of each station on the link.
NOTE
The link attenuation adjustment mode is also referred to as the gain mode, which compares line attenuation
with amplifier gain, and also compares node gain with compensation offset. After the nominal gain of an
optical amplifier unit and the attenuation value of an attenuation adjustment unit are adjusted, the
attenuation value is equal to the gain value, ensuring the power budget of the entire link.
l Perform automatic power equilibrium (APE). If an MCA board at the receive end detects
that the optical power of certain channels is abnormal, the station reports an exception event
to the U2000. After the user confirms the event, the U2000 issues a command to the optical
attenuation adjustment board at the upstream station. This board adjusts the optical power
of the abnormal channel so that the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of each channel
at the receive end is equalized.
l Perform ROADM optical power equalization. After ROADM is enabled for dynamically
configuring wavelength services, the WDM equipment outputs multiplexed wavelengths.
The optical power, however, may deviate greatly on channels, especially on new
wavelength channels. To avoid negative impact on transmission performance, the ROADM
optical power equalization mechanism is provided. The ROADM first distinguishes
between pass-through wavelengths and add wavelengths. Then the DWC/WSS adjusts the
optical power of the pass-through wavelengths, and the optical attenuation adjustment
board adjusts the add wavelengths based on wavelength flags.
l Configure pre-alerts for the optical power at a port.
Dispersion Compensation
l The G.652 and G.655 fibers have positive dispersion coefficient and positive dispersion
slope at the 1550 nm window. After an optical signal is transmitted over a certain distance,
accumulation of positive dispersion broadens the optical signal pulse and seriously affects
system transmission performance. To minimize this impact, a negative DCM is used on
the network. The negative DCM uses negative dispersion to compensate the positive
dispersion of the transmission fiber, so as to maintain the original shape of the signal pulse.
l An OEQ NE can apply dispersion compensation at each band to achieve dispersion
equalization.
l The U2000 supports 40G dispersion compensation, which uses the TDC to adjust dispersion
precisely.
Wavelength Monitoring
Wavelength monitoring uses a wavelength supervisory unit to monitor the wavelengths that are
transmitted from a WDM-side optical interface on the OTU board (including the service
convergence unit) and to control wavelength shift. By using the U2000, you can perform
wavelength monitoring. This function ensures wavelength stability.
WDM PRBS
By using the U2000, you can perform pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) on a board to
check the path quality. You can also check whether a WDM link functions properly before a
service is provisioned.
Housekeeping Configuration
By using the U2000, you can perform the following operations:
l Set and query the environmental alarm property.
– Create environmental alarm attributes.
– Set the normal state of the environmental alarm property.
– Query environmental alarm attributes.
– Modify environmental alarm attributes.
– Delete environmental alarm attributes.
l Set and query the external control property.
– Create external control attributes.
– Query external control attributes.
– Modify external control attributes.
– Delete external control attributes.
– Set the control time of the external control relay.
EAPE Management
Enhanced automatic power equalization (EAPE) management can reduce the bit error rate (BER)
of a service. By using the U2000, you can query the EAPE function of an OCh trail.
l Configure energy conservation for an NE. You can dynamically adjust NE power
consumption to achieve environment protection and energy conservation.
l View network-wide NE power consumption reports.
ASON Management
Topology Management
TE Link Management
To perform protection subnet management on the U2000, the relevant license is required.
To perform end-to-end network management on the U2000, the relevant license is required.
– Create multi-layer WDM trails, and create client and ODUk cross-connections by using
the trail management function.
– Create trails by means of duplication. That is, create multiple trails by duplicating a
trail. In addition, generate client and ODUk cross-connections in batches by using the
trail management function.
– Create WDM trails where fiber jumpers are connected inside a station.
– Set port attributes.
– View new cross-connections.
l Manage customers that trails belong.
– Create a customer and customer group.
– View and modify customer information.
– View the trails related to a customer.
– View current and history alarms for a customer.
– Delete a customer.
l View trails.
– Join trails of the same level.
– Split a trail into trails of the same level.
– Query the route information about a trail.
– Display the signal flow diagram of a trail.
– Query the transmission media layer for a trail.
– Query the client trail for a trail.
– Query the server trail for a trail.
– Query detailed information about a trail, including its attributes and channel allocation.
– Query the optical power of a trail. That is, query the optical power of a WDM trail, and
the input and output optical power of the source and sink nodes of the trail.
– Query DPPS protection for a trail.
– Query valid routes for protected WDM trails.
– Query the associated working and protection trails for OCh trails.
– Display intra-site fibers in solid lines and inter-site fibers in dotted lines in the signal
flow diagram of a trail.
– Display working and protection routes in different colors in the signal flow diagram of
a trail.
– Switch from the signal flow diagram of a trail to another window to query alarms.
– Query the detailed information about a trail group. The information includes the
direction, name, trail status, source and sink nodes, source and sink wavelengths, bearer
rate, rate, and service type.
– Enable or disable service alarms.
– Switch between the window for viewing WDM trails and the window for viewing
associated SDH trails.
– Support lockout of WDM trails.
l Manage the alarms and performance events related to a trail.
– Query current alarms of a trail.
– View directly the timeslots and wavelengths that are used by a configured client service
trail in the signal flow diagram.
– Add a column in the WDM Trail Management window to indicate whether protection
is configured.
– Identify whether an OCh trail is used by a client trail.
l Delete a trail. You can delete a WDM trail (except an OTS trail) from the NE layer and
network layer of the U2000.
l Implement enhanced automatic power equilibrium (EAPE) based on OCh trails. The EAPE
function automatically adjusts the transmitted optical power of each channel according to
the signal quality of each channel monitored by the OTU board at the receive end, to ensure
that the quality of signals in each channel at the receive end satisfies the preset requirements.
In this way, service availability is ensured.
l Filter trails in the following ways:
– Filter all: Filter all trails and display only the qualified trails on a network.
– Secondary filter: According to filter criteria, filter trails from those that are already
displayed.
– Incremental filter: Filter the newly added trails and display the qualified trails, which
should also be the trails included in the currently displayed trails.
Topology Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
TE Link Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Synchronize network-wide TE links by domain or payload type.
l Filter TE links by domain, link signal type, payload type (optical layer or electrical layer),
OVPN customer, or source/sink information.
l View TE links.
l Query relevant ASON trails for a TE link.
l Create fibers according to the TE link whose payload type is OCh.
l Create a virtual TE link.
l Delete a virtual TE link.
l Manage TE links whose payload type is OCh, ODUk, ODU1_ODU2, or client (GE/Any).
l Set the length of a TE link.
l Set the risk link group number.
l Create a link resource report.
l View resource usage.
l Query the information about current or history alarms on a link.
l Set alarm suppression for control-plane alarms.
l Query the status of a TE link.
l Delete an interrupted TE link.
l Query relevant TE links according to control-plane alarms.
l Customize the cost for a TE link.
l Allocate optical-layer TE links to OVPN customers.
l Create WDM ASON trails of the OCh, ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, ODU3, or client level.
l Create an inverse multiplexing WDM ASON trail.
l Create associated WDM ASON trails with the same source node or different source nodes.
l Duplicate WDM ASON trails.
l Pre-compute routes when creating or optimizing WDM ASON trails.
l Activate or deactivate WDM ASON trails.
l Apply planning data to an ASON trail.
l Delete inactive WDM ASON trails.
l Delete a WDM ASON trail from the NMS.
l Set routing attributes, including rerouting lockout status, reversion lockout status, rerouting
priorities, revertive mode, WTR time, scheduled revertive time, rerouting policy, trigger
condition, crankback times, rerouting triggered by SD, and rerouting hold-off time.
l Set association source for WDM ASON trails.
l Set association for WDM ASON trails.
l Cancel association for WDM ASON trails.
l Downgrade a WDM ASON trail to a traditional trail.
l Query relevant server-layer trails for WDM ASON trails.
l Query relevant client-layer trails for WDM ASON trails.
l Query relevant trails for ASON trails.
l Migrate an electrical-layer ASON trail in-service.
l Enable or disable optical parameters verify of WDM ASON OCh trails, including OSNR,
PMD, and dispersion.
l Revert a WDM ASON trail to the original route.
l Optimize WDM ASON trails.
l Switch services in the working or protection diamond trail manually.
l Revert WDM ASON trails manually.
l Refresh the actual route, original route, associated routes, or signal flow diagram of a WDM
ASON trail.
l Set the current route as the original route.
l Refresh the preset restoration trail for a WDM ASON trail.
l Set one or two preset restoration trails for a WDM ASON trail.
l Delete the preset restoration trail for a WDM ASON trail.
l View the actual route, original route, or associated routes of a WDM ASON trail.
l View the preset restoration trail for a WDM ASON trail.
l View alarms of a WDM ASON trail.
l View the control-plane alarm suppression information about WDM ASON trails.
l Set control-plane alarm suppression for WDM ASON trails.
l View performance events of WDM ASON trails.
l View control-plane performance of WDM ASON trails.
l View the control-plane performance parameters of WDM ASON trails.
l Create WDM ASON trail reports.
SRG Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Create, delete, and modify an SRG.
l Manage SRGs of the channel type or customized type.
Exchange of Scripts
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
This topic describes the functional features of RTN NE management and network management.
Basic NE Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Support the ability to manage the connections between back-to-back RTN NEs. On the
Main Topology of the U2000, the connections between back-to-back RTN NEs indicate
the relationships between the RTN NEs on the same station that are connected in a back-
to-back manner through network interfaces.
l Modify NE attributes such as:
– NE name
– NE ID
– Extended NE ID
– Remarks
l Synchronize NE time: Align all NEs with the system time of the U2000 server. The user
can configure the U2000 to automatically synchronize the NE time by specifying the
automatic synchronization period.
l Query physical resources in the following lists:
– NE list
– Board manufacturer information
– Board list
– Cabinet list
– Subrack list
– Equipment room list
l Support the plug and play feature for boards: After a board is inserted into a slot, the NE
Panel automatically displays the board and board information.
l Automatically disable the NE functions: Some NE functions that may affect services, such
as loopback and automatic laser shutdown (ALS), can be periodically disabled. When the
time expires, these operations automatically stop.
l Environment monitoring information. You can set the interfaces of environment
monitoring.
l Support the license management function for equipment.
l Support the press-to-install function for logical boards.
l Support the hop management function.
Orderwire Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Set and query the orderwire phone numbers, call waiting time, and orderwire phone port
availability.
l Set and query the orderwire occupied bytes.
l Set and query the F1 data port.
l Set and query the broadcast data port.
Interface Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Set the parameters for an SDH interface.
l Set automatic laser shutdown.
l Set the parameters for a PDH interface.
l Set the parameters for an IF interface.
l Set the parameters for a digital interface.
l Set the parameters for an outdoor unit (ODU) interface.
l Set overhead interfaces, including:
– Orderwire
– Broadcast data port
l Query and set the overhead including:
– Regenerator section overhead (J0).
– Lower order path overhead (V5, J2)
– VC-4 higher order path overhead (J1, C2) and its pass-through or termination.
– VC-3 higher order path overhead (J1, C2).
l Enable IEEE 1588 overhead bytes.
l Support PRBS.
l Support the features of packet radio. You can configure a microwave interface in terms of
basic and advanced attributes, IF attributes, and Layer-2 and Layer-3 attributes.
l Support the ability to configure the long and short serial numbers for an MP group.
Clock Configuration
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
You can configure the 802.3ah Ethernet OAM as follows on the U2000:
l Support OAM self-loop detection.
l Enable OAM automatic discovery.
l Support link event notification and the adjustment of the OAM error frame monitoring
threshold.
l Perform remote loopback.
LAG Configuration
Link aggregation group (LAG) aggregates multiple Ethernet physical links to form a logical link
of faster rate for transmitting data. This function improves the link availability and increases
link capacity.
BFD Configuration
Bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) can be used to check the Ethernet link status.
BFD is a simple Hello protocol. It is similar to the neighbor detection of those famous protocols
in many aspects. A pair of systems periodically sends detection packets on the channel on which
session between the two systems was created. If a system does not receive any detection packet
from the opposite end within a specific time, the system assumes that a failure occurred in some
part of the bidirectional channel of the adjacent system.
QoS Configuration
Quality of service (QoS) indicates the performance of the data flow that travels through a
network. The QoS is used to ensure end-to-end service quality. The QoS cannot increase the
bandwidth, but it can minimize the delay and jitter in the network by reasonably allocating and
monitoring network resources. In this way, the quality of important services is ensured.
The DiffServ (DS) domain consists of a group of network nodes that enable the DiffServ
function, that is, DS nodes. In a DS domain, all DS nodes use the same service provision policy
to realize the same per-hop behavior (PHB). The DS nodes are classified into edge DS nodes
and internal DS nodes. The edge DS nodes usually perform complex flow classification on the
traffic that enters the DS domain. Traffic of different types is marked with different PHB service
types. For internal DS nodes, you need to perform only simple flow classification based on PHB
service type.
The U2000 supports the following functions for configuring an MPLS tunnel on a per-NE basis:
l Configure basic attributes of the MPLS.
l Configure static unicast MPLS tunnels.
l Create forward and backward MPLS tunnels at the same time.
l Create the E-LSP.
l Manage PWs.
l Manage tunnel labels and PW labels.
An IP tunnel and GRE tunnel mainly applies to the Offload scenarios of mobile communication.
The U2000 supports the configuration of bidirectional IP tunnels and GRE tunnels on a per-NE
basis.
The U2000 supports the Offload protection between MPLS and GRE tunnels.
The U2000 supports the following functions for configuring E-AGGR services on a per-NE
basis:
l Configure the VLAN forwarding table items of an E-AGGR service.
l Configure the service and the QoS of the corresponding PW when creating an E-AGGR
service.
l Configure the V-UNI group.
The U2000 provides the following functions for configuring MPLS OAM:
The U2000 provides the following functions for configuring ATM OAM:
To perform protection subnet management, you need to have the related license.
This topic describes the functions and features of PTN NE management and network
management.
Basic NE Configuration
l Modifying NE attributes such as:
– NE name
– NE ID
– Extended NE ID
– Remarks
– NE pre-configuration
l Synchronizing NE time: NE time can be synchronized by delivering the system time of the
U2000 server to all NEs. In addition, you can specify automatic synchronization time and
automatic synchronization period on the U2000.
l Plug and play feature of boards: After a board is inserted into a correct slot, the NE Panel
displays the board and board information.
l Disabling functions automatically: Service-affecting functions, such as loopback and
automatic laser shutdown (ALX), can be disabled automatically by specifying an automatic
disabling time. When the time arrives, these functions are disabled automatically.
l Environment monitoring
l Board replacement
l Fan management
Clock Configuration
The U2000 supports the configuration of various clock modes, and provides the following
functions:
l Configure the clock domain
l Query the status of clock synchronization
l Configure the IEEE 1588 Packet Clock
– Configure clock services
– Configure clock synchronization attributes
MSTP Configuration
The multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) can be used to clear loops in a network. The MSTP
uses a specific algorithm to block some redundant trails and change a loop network to a non-
loop tree network. This function prevents packet increase in a loop network and generation of
broadcast storms in an endless cycle. Different from the STP and RSTP, the MSTP can forward
data according to VLAN packets, achieving load balance of VLAN data.
The U2000 provides the following functions:
l Configure parameters of port groups and bridges
l Configure CIST and MSTI parameters
l Query CIST status and MSTI status
l Manage routes
l Configure route member ports
l Query statistics of IGMP protocol packets.
BFD Configuration
The bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) protocol can be used to check the Ethernet link
status.
BFD is a simple Hello protocol. It is similar to the neighbor detection of those famous protocols
in many aspects. A pair of systems periodically send detection packets on the bidirectional
channel where a session between the two systems is created. If a system does not receive any
detection packet from the opposite end in a specific time, the system regards that a failure occurs
on the channel.
The U2000 supports the BFD detection on IP/GRE tunnels and the interior gateway protocol
(IGP).
LPT Configuration
The link state pass through (LPT) protocol is used to return the remote-end link status to the
near end. The near-end equipment performs operations according to the remote-end link status.
When the intermediate transmission network is faulty, the LPT immediately informs the access
equipment at both ends of the transmission network to activate the backup network. In this
manner, the normal transmission of important data is ensured.
QoS Configuration
The quality of service (QoS) indicates the performance of the data flow that travels through a
network. The QoS is used to ensure end-to-end service quality. The QoS cannot increase the
bandwidth, but it can minimize the delay and jitter in the network by properly allocating and
monitoring network resources. In this manner, the quality of important services is ensured.
The DiffServ (DS) domain consists of a group of network nodes that enable the DiffServ
function, that is, DS nodes. In a DS domain, all DS nodes use the same service provision policy
to achieve the same per-hop behavior (PHB). DS nodes are classified into edge DS nodes and
internal DS nodes. Edge DS nodes usually perform complex flow classification on the traffic
that enters the DS domain. Different types of traffic are marked with different PHB service types.
Internal DS nodes only need to perform simple flow classification based on PHB service types.
See Figure 9-1. Unicast MPLS tunnel is mainly used to transparently transmit point-to-point
PWE3 services.
The U2000 provides the following functions associated with MPLS tunnels on a per-NE basis:
MS PW Configuration
By creating multi-segment pseudowire (MS-PW) to transmit services, you can save tunnel
resources and transmit services over different networks.
The following types of dual-homing protection can be configured for E-line services.
l 1:1 MC-PW APS and MC-LAG
l 1:1 PW redundancy and MC-LAG
See Figure 9-2. The 2G/3G stations or Intranet line accesses the PTN equipment by using the
E1/ channelized STM-1 line. The equipment divides the E1 signals into pieces, encapsulates the
pieces into the Ethernet, and transmits the E1 signals to the opposite end by using the PW.
The U2000 provides the following functions associated with CES services:
See Figure 9-3. The 3G station accesses the PTN equipment by using the ATM IMA group.
The equipment encapsulates the ATM cells into the Ethernet, and transmits the ATM cells to
the opposite end by using the PW.
The U2000 provides the following functions associated with ATM services:
See Figure 9-4. Company A has branches in City 1 and City 3. Company C has branches in City
1 and City 2. Branches of Company A or Company C that are in different cities need data
communication. The PTN equipment can provide E-line services for Company A and Company
C, to meet their communication requirements. In addition, the service data can be completely
isolated.
The U2000 supports the following functions associated with E-line services on a per-NE basis:
l Create UNI-UNI E-Line services
l Create UNI-NNI E-Line services that are carried on ports
l Create UNI-NNI E-Line services that are carried on PWs
l Create UNI-NNI E-Line services that are carried on QinQ links
l Configure QoS policies for L2VPN services and corresponding PWs during the creation
of L2VPN services
l Configure the V-UNI group
l Select the tunnel where a PW is carried online
The U2000 supports the following functions associated with E-AGGR services on a per-NE
basis:
See Figure 9-7. The HQ of Company A is in City 3. Company A has Branch A in City 1, City
2, and City 3, and has Branch B in City 1 and City 2. Branch A and Branch B do not have business
with each other. Hence, the data should be isolated between the two branches. The HQ has
requirements of communicating with each branch and accessing the Internet.
E-LAN services use different VLAN IDs to identify service data of different branches. In this
way, data is shared within a branch and is isolated from the data for other branches. The Internet
data of the HQ is also isolated from the internal service data by using the VLAN.
The U2000 supports the following functions associated with E-LAN services on a per-NE basis:
To perform E2E network management on the U2000, the relevant license is required.
l Create PWE3 services of multiple types, such as ATM, CES, and Ethernet services.
l Predeploys PWE3 services.
l Implement the function of automatically discovering PWE3 services.
l Modify and delete PWE3 services, and view PWE3 services by using the filtering function.
l Manage PWE3 services.
Tunnel Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Create static CR, RSVP, LDP, and IP tunnels.
l Create RSVP and LDP tunnels in batches.
l Predeploy a tunnel.
l Implement the function of automatically discovering tunnels.
l Modify and delete a tunnel, and view tunnels by using the filtering function.
l View the topology of tunnels, including the working and protection routes.
l View the alarms of a tunnel.
l View the performance events of a tunnel.
l Create a monitoring instance for a tunnel.
l Test and check a tunnel.
l Manage discrete tunnels.
l Manage static CR, RSVP, LDP, and IP tunnels.
l Create, modify, and delete 1+1 or 1:1 tunnel protection groups, and implement the function
of automatically discovering 1+1 or 1:1 tunnel protection groups.
l Switch services in a 1+1 or 1:1 tunnel protection group manually.
l Implement the function of displaying the topology of 1+1 or 1:1 tunnel protection groups.
l Create a tunnel and its protection tunnel at the same time.
l Display the name of a tunnel in the global LSP view.
l Manage the bidirectional static CR tunnels.
l Set and view the status of port loopback at the node of tunnel.
l Configure OAM.
l Modify and delete IP line services, and view IP line services by using the filtering function.
l View the topology of IP line services.
l View the alarms of an IP line service.
l View the performance events of an IP line service.
l Test and check an IP line service.
l Manage IP line services based on rights and domains.
l Set and view the status of port loopback at the node of IP line services.
equipment. E-Trunk is mainly applied to a scenario where a CE is dual homed to a VPLS, VLL,
or PWE3 network. In the scenario, E-Trunk can be used to protect the PEs and the links between
the CE and PEs.
10.9 Report Subsystem Management
The report subsystem allows you to generate, distribute, and manage reports based on the Web
and helps you to monitor, analyze, and optimize network performance.
10.10 VPN Service Management
The U2000 provides centralized and unified management, including service deployment, service
monitoring, and service diagnosis, on VPN services, namely, BGP/MPLS VPN service, VPLS
service, and PWE3 service.
10.11 Tunnel Service Management
Tunnel service management is used to plan and deploy services on the entire MPLS network.
Carriers can plan, deploy, audit, and monitor end-to-end LSPs through tunnel service
management, thus reducing the costs of operating and maintaining MPLS networks.
Device Management
Device types and software versions can be automatically identified and differentiated
management can be performed accordingly.
Component Management
l Information about components, including frames, boards, power supplies, fans, and ports
can be automatically obtained.
l Information about components can be refreshed and component status can be monitored.
Panel Management
Information about components on panels, including frames, boards, power supplies, fans, and
ports, can be displayed.
Clock Management
Physical clocks and PTP clocks can be configured and managed.
Interface Management
The following interfaces can be configured:
l Ethernet interfaces
l POS interfaces
l Virtual interfaces such as subinterfaces, trunk interfaces, loopback interfaces, and virtual
template (VT) interfaces
LLDP Management
LLDP can be globally configured or on interfaces.
Channel Management
The following channels can be configured and managed:
l VTYs
l Telnet and FTP services
l Syslog parameters
l Alarms
l SSH services
l NAP services
QoS Management
The following QoS functions are supported:
l Traffic classifications, traffic behaviors, and traffic policies
l Interface QoS and system QoS
l DS domain policies
l Traffic mirroring and port mirroring
l HQoS, including the discard policy, HQoS flow queue policy, HQoS flow queue mapping,
HQoS scheduler, and HQoS user scheduling
Route Management
Static routes, routing information, routing policies, OSPF routes, and BGP/IS-IS public network
and private network routes can be configured.
MPLS Management
The following NE-level MPLS configurations are supported:
l MPLS-related protocols
l MPLS TE tunnel
l MPLS interface parameters
l Static LSPs
l MPLS OAM detection and protection groups
ACL Management
ACLs-based access control is supported.
BRAS Management
The following broadband remote access service (BRAS) features of multi-service gateways are
supported:
l Address pool management
l Authorization, authentication and accounting (AAA) management
l Domain and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) management
l Built-in Web server management
l Layer 3 Internet Service Provider (ISP) configuration management
l Portal server management
l VLAN management
l User management
l Real-time statistics collection on domains, IP address segments, and device IP addresses
VPDN Management
The Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) can be configured on multi-service gateways and L2TP
tunnels can be managed.
BFD Management
The following BFD functions are supported:
l BFD attributes
l BFD sessions
l BFD alarms
l BFD for VRF/PW/MPLS TE/VSI/physical links
VRRP/VGMP Management
l Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) configurations, including global VRRP
attributes, interface attributes, and interface VR, and VRRP alarms, are supported.
l VRRP Group Management Protocol (VGMP) configurations, including global VGMP
attributes, VGMP members, and VGMP alarms, are supported.
VPN Management
The following VPN management functions are supported:
l Tunnel policies
l PWs
l PW templates
l VSIs
l VRFs
MSE Management
MSE functions, including global MSE, AAA, user management, and interface services, are
supported.
l Manage routers
l Manage IGMP
l Manage PIM
l Manage MSDP
l Manage L3VPN RP
l IGMP snooping
l SSM mapping
l Multicast CAC
l Multicast groups
E-Trunk Management
The E-trunk search and discovery, E-trunk configuration, E-trunk member management, and
trunk member monitoring are supported.
ANCP Management
The following ANCP features are supported for routers:
l ANCP management
l ANCP global configuration
l Line management
l Neighbor management
Device Management
NE software versions can be automatically identified.
Panel Management
l Information about components such as frames, boards, power supplies, fans, subboards,
and ports on the NE panel can be displayed.
l Showing alarms using alarm indicators on the NE panel.
l Information about alarms can be displayed.
l Real-time performance data and historical performance data can be displayed.
NE Management
The following functions can be configured and information about these functions can be
displayed:
l Routing protocols, including BGP, OSPF, and IS-IS
l Security, including AAA and attack defense
l MPLS
l VPN, including L2VPN and L3VPN
l QoS
l Interfaces, including Ethernet and trunk interfaces
l Channels, including SNMP, Telnet, and NETCONF channels
Function
The detailed functions are as follows:
l Manages planned records
The functions of managing configuration data, creating a data record and importing data
records in batches are provided.
Device Management
Device types and software versions can be automatically identified and differentiated
management can be performed accordingly.
Component Management
l Information about components, including frames, boards, power supplies, fans, and ports
can be automatically obtained.
l Information about components can be refreshed and component status can be monitored.
Panel Management
Information about components on panels, including frames, boards, power supplies, fans, and
ports, can be displayed.
LLDP Management
LLDP can be globally configured or on interfaces.
Interface Management
The following interfaces can be configured:
l Ethernet interfaces
l POS interfaces
l Virtual interfaces such as subinterfaces, trunk interfaces, loopback interfaces, and Tunnel
interfaces
OAM Management
OAM is implemented on the basis of two standards: IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah. The
U2000 can continuously monitor user services, and identify and locate faults by means of IEEE
802.1ag; the U2000 can monitor user services of the last mile and report faults by means of IEEE
802.3ah.
Route Management
Static routes, routing policies, OSPF routes, IS-IS routes, and BGP routes can be configured.
MPLS Management
The following NE-level MPLS configurations are supported:
l MPLS-related protocols
l MPLS TE tunnel
l MPLS interface parameters
l Static LSPs
l MPLS OAM detection and protection groups
BFD Management
The following BFD functions are supported:
l BFD attributes
l BFD sessions
l BFD alarms
l BFD for VRF/PW/MPLS TE/VSI/physical links
VRRP/VGMP Management
l Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) configurations, including global VRRP
attributes, interface attributes, and interface VR, and VRRP alarms, are supported.
l VRRP Group Management Protocol (VGMP) configurations, including global VGMP
attributes, VGMP members, and VGMP alarms, are supported.
VPN Management
The following VPN functions are supported:
l Tunnel policies
l PWs
l PW templates
l VSIs
l VRFs
EPON Management
PON interface management and ONU management are supported.
Channel Management
The following channels can be configured and managed:
l VTYs
l FTP services
l Local users
l Syslog parameters
l Alarm services
l SSH services
l SNMP parameters
DLDP Management
The Device Link Detection Protocol (DLDP), packet authentication mode, and statistics
collection are supported.
MSTP Management
MSTP domains, MSTP protection, and statistics collection are supported.
DHCP Management
DHCP servers, DHCP relay, client addresses, and DHCP statistics are supported.
Mirroring Management
Local/remote interface mirroring, VLAN mirroring, MAC address mirroring, flow mirroring,
CPU mirroring, and CPU buffer statistics are supported.
PPPoE+ Management
PPPoE+ functions are supported.
MFF Management
Static gateways, MFF servers, and MFF network-side interfaces are supported.
ARP Management
Proxy ARP and ARP Ping-IP are supported.
Firewall Management
Firewall functions are supported.
NAT
Network address translation (NAT) is supported.
Anti-attack Management
Whitelists, blacklists, user-defined flow, and CAR are supported.
MBGP Management
Route advertisement policies, route exchange policies, and route attributes are supported.
RRPP Management
RRPP, RRPP instances, RRPP rings, and working mode are supported.
MSDP Management
MSDP peers and SA messages are supported.
PIM-DM Management
Multicast sources, multicast neighbors, multicast forwarding, and assertion management are
supported.
PIM-SM Management
Multicast sources, multicast neighbors, dynamic RP, and SPT switching are supported.
IGMP Management
IGMP groups, IGMP group policies, and IGMP features are supported.
802.1x Management
802.1x management is supported.
PoE Configuration
PoE is supported.
Stack Configuration
Stack functions are supported.
QoS Management
The following QoS functions are supported:
VLANIF Configuration
VLAN interfaces are supported.
Ethernet Configuration
LDT, MAC tables, BPDU tunnels, and SEP are supported.
Security Configuration
The ACL, firewall, NAT, and ARP features are supported.
Basic Configuration
NAP remote deployment is supported.
Template Features
Default templates are available. When a template is referenced, the attribute settings on the
template automatically apply to the configured resource.
l Offline configuration
Global templates are created in advance and saved on the U2000. They are not created on
devices. The creation of global templates is irrelevant to the equipment status.
l Global validity
A global template can be referenced by all the devices managed by the U2000.
l Minimal duplicate data
– After a global template is applied, the U2000 keeps only one record on the devices that
reference this template.
– When a device references a global template, the U2000 does not add a record of template
data. The U2000 only records the reference relationship between the device and the
template.
l A global template can be referenced by a large number of devices of the same type. The
number of global templates, therefore, is small. Consequently, global templates are easy to
manage.
Main Templates
The main templates are as follows:
l ACL template
An ACL template allows you to configure ACLs on multiple interfaces of different routers
at the same time, simplifying attack defense configurations on the network access side.
l QoS template
Routers support the following QoS templates, which can be applied to NE interfaces in
batches:
– CBQoS templates
– DS domain templates
– HQoS templates
– PQ templates
– Interface CAR templates
l IP multicast template
Routers support the following IP multicast templates:
– Layer 2 CAC templates, which can be applied to VSIs, PWs, and NE interfaces to adjust
and configure multicast CAC configurations in batches
– Layer 2 static multicast group templates, which can be applied to PWs and NE interfaces
to adjust and configure static multicast groups in batches
l VPN service template
Used to configure VPN services in batches.
l Switch EPON template
Used to configure ONU services in batches.
l Test suite
– A test suite consists of multiple test cases. Test cases are implemented on different
layers: the application layer, transport layer, network layer, and data link layer. Test
cases for MPLS services can also be created.
– You can choose to perform all test cases or only some cases in a test suite at the same
time. QoS can be determined based on the parameters shown in the test results, such as
delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio.
l Diagnostic policy
Test suites can be performed at a specified interval, such as daily, weekly, or monthly.
l Network scanning
Network information is collected and virtual link connectivity and side-by-side link
connectivity are tested. The U2000 displays scanning progress in real time and allows you
to stop the scanning. It also provides the traceroute function to locate faults.
l Historical data
The U2000 records historical data of test suite operations. It supports filtering and querying
historical data based on test suite names, test results, or test time.
l Diagnostic result analysis
The U2000 supports intelligent diagnostic result analysis. A result analysis template can
be customized to include diagnostic indicators such as delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio
and a result analysis policy based on service levels. Diagnostic result analysis can help you
rapidly determine network status.
Figure 10-1 and Figure 10-2 show the cluster topology management window and functions
provided by theU2000.
The report subsystem can generate reports in both manual and automatic modes. It can be easily
integrated with the security management module of the U2000.
For more information, refer to the iManager U2000 (RPT)V100R002C01 Release Notes.
Service Deployment
The U2000 provides a user-friendly service configuration GUI on which you can complete all
configuration operations. The parameters of multiple sets of equipment can be automatically
generated through related service templates. User configuration results can be previewed through
the topology before being delivered.
l Customer management
The U2000 supports the operations of adding, deleting, and modifying customers, and
binding customers to VPN services.
l BGP/MPLS VPN service management
– Configuring L3VPNs in networking modes such as Full-Mesh, Hub-Spoke, and
Extranet
– Configuring VPN FRR and IP FRR for L3VPNs and binding L3VPNs to TE tunnels
– Configuring static, OSPF, and BGP private routes
– Configuring VPN services in inter-AS OptionA or inter-AS OptionB mode
– Configuring the service wholesale feature of BGP/MPLS VPNs based on the ME60
l In service wholesale mode, the ME60 forwards all the user service packets of a certain ISP
to the access server of the ISP through VPNs.
– In this mode, the ME60 does not forward packets according to the destination IP
addresses of the packets as it usually does. Instead, the ME60 forwards packets
according to the ISP information of the users and forwards all the packets from the users
to the access server of the ISP. The access server of the ISP then implements the related
services or performs service accounting.
– With the service wholesale feature, the U2000 can support the multi-ISP service. The
multi-ISP service is also called the virtual ISP service. For a multi-ISP service, multiple
ISPs exist on a physical network. These ISPs lease the physical network of the physical
network provider to operate services. Generally, the providers who construct physical
networks are called network service providers (NSPs) and the providers who lease
physical networks to operate services are called ISPs.
– The ME60 supports the multi-ISP service by wholesaling the user service packets of
different ISPs to related ISPs.
l VPLS service management
– Supporting the VPLS services in LDP signaling (Martini) mode
– Supporting the interworking of different VSIs
– Supporting VLL/VPLS services
l PWE3 service management
– Configuring static and dynamic PWE3 services
– Supporting PWE3 services in CES, ATM, Ethernet, IWF, and heterogeneous
interworking mode
– Backing up PW configurations
– Configuring PW FRR
l Composite service management
The U2000 supports the management on composite services, such as the access of a VLL
to another VLL, the access of a VLL to a VPLS network, the access of a VLL to an L3VPN,
L3VPN multi-VRF, and inter-AS OptionA.
Service Monitoring
l The U2000 provides the visual topology display function for MPLS VPN, VPLS, and
PWE3 services. The running status of the resources used by the current service, such as an
interface, a VRF, or a VSI, can be displayed in the related topology view, thus helping you
to quickly locate faults. Moreover, the U2000 also allows you to customize topology views.
For example, you can place the services of key customers in one topology view for
monitoring.
l You can quickly locate a faulty service based on the alarm generated by the related NE.
Service Diagnosis
l The diagnosis tools are used to detect the connectivity of networks and locate faults.
Through the service diagnosis function, you can generate diagnosis tasks according to the
selected services and directly operate equipment nodes in topology views. The diagnosis
results can be directly displayed.
Tunnel Deployment
l Enabling MPLS, LDP, and MPLS TE on the network equipment and interfaces in batches
l Implement the planning of traffic on MPLS core networks by supporting the deployment
of end-to-end MPLS TE tunnel services
l Facilitating the implementation of the MPLS access scheme by supporting the deployment
of static LSP services
l Implementing the end-to-end MPLS OAM protection by supporting the configuration of
end-to-end MPLS TE protection groups, configuration of MPLS OAM detection, and
monitoring of related alarms
Tunnel Monitoring
l Supporting the networkwide tunnel view and displaying multiple types of tunnels, such as
static, RSVP, LDP, and IP tunnels, and their alarms in the topology view
l Collecting and displaying the performance data of tunnels
l Switching to the related tunnel from an alarm
Tunnel Diagnosis
The U2000 supports LSP ping and LSP tracert functions through which you can diagnose
deployed MPLS TE tunnels and static tunnel services.
l Device management
– Identifies software versions and adapt to different types of devices automatically.
– Supports channel management, including local users using Telnet and STelnet, SNMP
parameters, and trap parameters.
l Component management
– Information about device components, including frames, boards, power supplies, fans,
and ports can be automatically obtained.
– Information about device components can be refreshed and device component status
can be monitored.
l Panel management
Information about components on the panel, including frames, boards, power supplies, fans,
and ports, can be displayed.
l Interface management
General interface information and Ethernet interfaces can be configured.
l GTP management
Security devices can filter GTP packets according to GTP policies to protect GPRS
networks from attacks such as GTP overbilling attacks.
l Automatic registration
The U2000 can automatically update the IP address of a receiving device based on
registration messages sent by the receiving device.
The Web features of security devices provide easy-to-use Web configuration windows through
which users can operate and maintain devices.
The single-point Web configuration is a proxy-based Web access mode. It can be implemented
without affecting local browsers such as Internet Explorer and Firefox. The single-point Web
configuration includes two parts: Web proxy and Web browser. The functions of single-point
Web configuration are as follows:
l Users can open the Web management window of a device on a U2000 client.
l Users can log in to the Web window automatically.
l Users can access security devices by means of the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
or the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) protocol.
l Multiple Web protocols, such as Java script, Hyper Text Marked Language (HTML), CSS,
and Applet, and technologies related to Web 2.0 are supported.
Whether a policy is deployed, whether the deployment is successful, and whether the
deployment status is the same as that on the device can be displayed. This helps to prevent
duplicate deployment of a policy.
l History record query
The detailed procedures for configuring and maintaining policy packages are recorded. The
historical operations that users performed on policy packages can be checked.
11.3.1 Policy Package Management
This topic describes the fuction of policy package management.
11.3.2 Security Policy Configuration
The U2000 allows you to manually create and modify security device rules.
11.3.3 Attack Defense Configuration
The U2000 provides attack defense functions.
11.3.4 Policy Resource Configuration
The configuration of policy resources includes the configuration of service,addess sets,period
and ports sets.
11.3.5 Mapping Service
The U2000 It provides the configuration function that re-maps the most common service ports
to other ones.
As flexible support for the IP protocol, security services can be classified into TCP
services, UDP services, ICMP services, and other services. The U2000 provides some
basic services by default. You can create different services by adding different
parameter settings to the same protocol. Different types of services can form a service
group. A rule corresponds to one or multiple services. In the case where a rule
corresponds to multiple services, these services can be in a service group or map to these
services. When you log in to the U2000 for the first time, the U2000 provides some
services by default.
– Address set
When setting source and destination addresses on the U2000, you can either set single
IP addresses or set address sets.
– Time range
Time ranges are classified into two types: continuous time ranges and periodic time
ranges. A continuous time range starts from one time point and ends at another time
point. Rules are valid only within the time range. A period time range is on a weekly
cycle. You need to set the start time and end time of a day and specify on which days
of a week the rules are valid. Then the rules will take effect on a weekly cycle.
– Port set
A port set is a collection of single, continuous, or discontinuous port numbers, specifying
the ports through which the server can provide services. The value of a port set ranges
from 0 to 65535.
l Configuration log server
Binary flow logs of devices can be sent to binary servers via configuration of log server.
l Service deployment
This feature provides both the single service deployment function and the service batch
deployment function. Service deployment is used to make services take effect on devices.
You can view the deployment results through the auditing function.
l Service discovery
This feature supports the function of automatically discovering services. With this function,
you can discover running IPSec VPN services on the network and then restore the
discovered services to the U2000 for unified management and monitoring.
l Service monitoring
By monitoring the status of managed services in real time, the performance management
module allows you to view the service status in the topology view. The performance
management module monitors the service status and performance indicators and displays
collected performance data in graphs or reports.
l Display of the service topology
This feature provides the function of visualizing the service topology. In the topology view,
you can view service alarms, service statuses, and service-related device alarms.
l Service audit
This feature supports to audit the differences of service configuration between the NMS
and device.
l Service deployment
The remote access service management supports the deployment of a single service and
the deployment of services in batches. In addition, you can view deployment results in the
service topology view. Remote access services include L2TP service, L2TP over IPSec
service and IPSec (IKEv2) service three types.
l Service monitoring
The L2TP service, L2TP over IPSec service and IPSec (IKEv2) service management can
manage and monitor the online users of remote access services. It also provides the
functions of displaying the statuses of online users in real time, restricting the number of
online users, and forcing users to log out.
l Display of the service topology
The remote access service management provides the function of visualizing the service
topology. In the topology view, you can view service alarms, service statuses, and service-
related device alarms.
l Service audit
The remote access service management supports to audit the differences of service
configuration between the NMS and device.
l Service resource management
The remote access service management provides the function of radius template
management and user domain management.
This topic describes the functions and features of FTTx NE management and network
management.
Device Management
Device management includes the management of NE panels, basic and common device
attributes, clock sources, security, protocols, and device templates.
NE Panel Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Display the NE panel by double-clicking an NE.
l Query the details of equipment.
l Collect statistics on device resources.
l Query the information about shelves.
l Collect the statistics on shelf resources.
l Query inter-shelf links.
l Add, delete, start, disable, reset, and confirm a board.
l Query the CPU usage and memory usage of boards in real time.
l Display the port view by double-clicking a board.
l Perform an active/standby switchover on the control boards.
l Configure traffic management and rate limitation for GPON boards.
l Configure rate limitation for EPON boards.
Management of Basic and Common Device Attributes
The management of basic and common device attributes includes the query of the global
information about devices and the configuration of the global policies of devices.
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query the system information about devices.
l Query the statistics on the resources and status of devices.
l Query the license information about the functions and resources of devices.
l Configure the system time, IP address of a device, and the binding between a Layer 3
interface and an IP address.
l Configure the SNMP protocol port.
l Set device handshake parameters.
l Configure the policy for automatically backing up device data.
l Enable and disable the energy-conservation function of a device.
l Configure and manage license files.
Clock Source Management
Clock source management includes the management and configuration of equipment-level clock
source information, such as information about the line clock, 1588 clock, and clock priorities.
Security Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Enable and disable anti-ICMP attack, anti-IP attack, anti-IP spoofing, anti-MAC spoofing,
and anti-DoS attack.
l Set the aging time of an MAC address.
l Enable and disable MAC address learning.
l Configure the security attributes for user login in the CLI.
Protocol Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Manage the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)/
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)/Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP),
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD), and Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP).
l Control the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) proxy.
l Configure the Policy Information Transfer Protocol (PITP) mode/Relay Agent Info Option
(RAIO) customized format.
l Control the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) option 82 function.
l Control the DHCP proxy and DHCP relay forwarding functions.
l Configure 802.1ag attributes of the Ethernet packet.
Global Configuration of Services
The global configuration of services includes the configuration of the VLAN, QoS, xDSL,
GPON, EPON, and multicast services.
Device Template Management
Device template management includes the display of different types of device templates on the
U2000. Templates include the GPON template, EPON template, MDU SNMP template, IGMP
template, traffic template, VLAN service template, optical transceiver alarm template, and PW
template. Currently, the U2000 supports only query and generation of global templates.
On IMA E1/T1 ports, you can query real-time performance statistics of the ports, and manage
IMA groups and IMA links, such as adding, deleting, modifying, resetting, blocking, and
unblocking an IMA group or link.
Ethernet port management includes the management of ports and aggregation groups. You can
perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure port attributes.
l Create, delete, query, and modify an aggregation group.
l Activate and deactivate an Ethernet port.
l Collect real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
l Configure the PPPoE, DHCP option 82, 802.3ah ETH OAM loopback, and port rate limit
functions.
l Query the attributes of optical transceivers on Ethernet optical ports.
Connection Management
Connection management includes the management of service virtual ports and E1 connections.
A service virtual port enables user equipment to access the OLT. The service virtual port provides
service streams between the user equipment and the OLT for carrying user services. You can
perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, modify, activate, and deactivate a service virtual port.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
l Perform ATM ping tests.
l Configure the extended attributes of a service virtual port. Extended attributes allow for
greater flexibility of addressing customer requirements. Extended attributes include the
maximum number of learnable MAC addresses, the PPPoE session, the encapsulation type,
and the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be bound.
l Configure the connection attributes of a service virtual port, including the alias, VPI/VCI,
transmit traffic profile, and receive traffic profile.
l Shift the VLAN ID of a service virtual port to change the VLAN ID of the service virtual
port. After successful shifting, the service port assumes the new VLAN ID.
l Bind IP addresses to a service virtual port and query the bound IP addresses. To specify
that only the users with certain IP addresses can access the service virtual port, perform the
binding operation. After successful binding, the service forwarding module checks the
source IP address of user packets. If the source IP address does not match any of the IP
addresses bound to the service virtual port, the user packets are dropped. Otherwise, the
user packets are forwarded. This ensures the security of user access.
l Bind static MAC addresses to a service virtual port. To specify that only the users with
certain static MAC addresses can access the service virtual port, perform this operation.
After successful binding, the service forwarding module checks the source MAC address
of user packets. If the source MAC address does not match any of the MAC addresses
bound to the service virtual port, the user packets are dropped. Otherwise, the user packets
are forwarded. This ensures the security of user access.
l Configure service bundles. If several service virtual ports carry the same service, a service
bundle can be configured to bundle the service streams over the service virtual ports.
E1 Connection Management
In the FTTx scenario, an E1 connection is used for transmitting the TDM service over the GPON
network by encapsulating the TDM packets directly into a GPON GEM frame. In E1 connection
management, you can query, add, modify, and delete an E1 connection on the U2000.
Layer 2 Management
Layer 2 management includes the management of the VLAN, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP), Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), Access Node Control Protocol (ANCP), and
Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP).
VLAN service management includes the management of the standard VLAN, MUX VLAN,
smart VLAN, and super VLAN. You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, and modify a VLAN.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics of a VLAN.
l Clear the real-time performance statistics of a VLAN.
l Manage a Layer 3 interface and its subinterfaces.
RSTP Management
MSTP Management
MSTP management includes the management of domains, instances, and ports. You can perform
the following operations on the U2000:
l Modify and restore the default setting of a domain.
l Add, delete, and modify an instance.
l Modify a port.
l Query the statistics of a port.
ANCP Management
RRPP Management
For RRPP management, you can perform the query, add, delete, and modify operations.
Layer 3 Management
Layer 3 management includes the management of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP), Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)/pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge
(PWE3), and Layer 3 routes.
DHCP Management
DHCP management includes the management of the DHCP server group, MAC address
segment, standard mode, DHCP domain, and VLAN L3 interface. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, and modify a DHCP server group.
l Query, add, delete, and modify a MAC address segment.
l Query, enable, disable, and modify a standard mode.
l Query, add, delete, and modify a DHCP domain.
l Modify a VLAN Layer 3 interface.
MPLS/PWE3 Management
The MPLS is a transmission technology. It implements transparent transmission of data packets
between users. The MPLS tunnel is defined in the MPLS protocol. Independent of a service, an
MPLS tunnel implements end-to-end transmission and carries service-related PWs.
You can perform the following operations on the MPLS tunnel on a per-NE basis on the U2000:
l Configure the basic attributes of the MPLS.
l Configure the MPLS tunnel of the static unicast type.
l Create forward MPLS tunnels.
l Create an E-LSP.
l Manage PWs.
l Manage tunnel tags and PW labels.
QoS management includes filtering packets based on ACL, tagging priorities, limiting traffic
and port rate, collecting statistics on traffic, redirecting, and mirroring. On the U2000, you can
query, add, modify, and delete a QoS policy.
HQoS stands for the hierarchical QoS. It not only controls user traffic but also schedules packets
according to the priorities of user services. On the U2000, you can query, add, modify, and delete
an HQoS policy.
BFD Management
The BFD can quickly check the link status between two devices.
To mitigate the impact of device faults on services and to improve the network availability, a
network device needs to quickly detect any fault occurring between the device and its adjacent
devices. Actions can then be taken to ensure service continuity. The BFD enables the device to
check the connectivity of a type of data protocol of the same trail between two systems. The trail
can be a physical or a logical link, including a tunnel. The BFD mechanism is a remedy for the
weakness of the existing detection mechanism.
intermediate points (MIPs). MEPs initiate and respond to CFM messages; MIPs
transparently transmit or respond to CFM messages but do not initiate the messages.
Protection switchover: Important board resources and port resources are generally backed up to
enhance system reliability. If a fault occurs on a working member, protection switchover will
be triggered to transfer services to the protection member that will continue to handle the
services.
Protection group: You can manage the working member and the protection member in the
protection group. In a protection group, you can manage the relationship between the members
involved in the protection switchover, record the status of members, and manage the
configuration data and status that are involved by the protection relationship between the
members.
With the protection group feature, you can protect the following objects on the U2000:
l Active and standby control boards
l Aggregation groups on active control board and standby control board
l Ports on active and standby control boards
l Upstream Ethernet ports
l Upstream aggregation links of Ethernet ports
l Objects configured with GPON/EPON type B protection
l Objects configured with GPON type C protection
l Objects configured with EPON type D protection
l Objects configured with GPON/EPON type B dual-homing
GPON service management supports two modes: distributed mode and profile mode. The
equipment and the U2000 support both modes. In the distributed mode, GPON service
management includes the management of the UNI ports, GEM ports, and ONUs. In the profile
mode, GPON service management includes the management of the UNI ports and ONUs; in this
mode, the GEM port is encapsulated in the line template of the UNI port.
For GPON UNI port management, you can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Modify the port attributes, such as the minimum reach, maximum reach, configuration
status of the ONU auto-discovery function, configuration status of the downstream FEC
function, status of the laser switch, and update cycle of the encryption key of the GPON
UNI port.
l Enable and disable the ONU auto-discovery function for a GPON UNI port. After the ONU
auto-discovery function is enabled, the OLT regularly checks whether any ONUs newly
connected to the GPON UNI port are online.
l Cut over services to implement GPON port backup on the OLT. If the active GPON port
on the OLT is faulty, you can switch over the ONU services from the faulty GPON port to
the specified standby GPON port on the OLT.
l Query the alarms of GPON UNI ports. This function allows you to maintain and manage
GPON UNI ports according to the details about and suggested solutions for active alarms.
l Enable and disable the laser of a GPON UNI port. By default, the laser of a GPON UNI
port is enabled so that the ONUs connected to the GPON UNI port can go online.
l Detect and isolate rogue ONU on a GPON UNI port.
l Query the real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
A GEM port identifies the virtual service channel that carries service streams between the
MA5600T or MA5603T and an ONU. An ONU can provision services only after the mapping
between the GEM port, T-CONT, and service stream is configured on the ONU. For GEM port
management, you can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Enable and disable the encryption function. When the encryption function is enabled, the
device encrypts the service stream carried on the GEM port. This feature enhances the
security of user data.
l Bind a GEM port to an ONU to establish the mapping between the GEM port on the OLT
and the T-CONT on the ONU.
l Limit the rate of packets of a specified priority on a GEM port according to the specified
traffic profile.
l Query the real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics of a GEM
port.
An ONU provides user interfaces. A GPON UNI port can be connected to a maximum of 128
ONUs. For GPON ONU management, you can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Add, delete, and modify an ONU.
l Generate topological nodes. Perform this operation to generate topological nodes for ONT
management in the topology view.
l Locate directly an ONU in the topology view through the topological node.
l Activate and deactivate an ONU.
l Re-register an ONU. After an online ONU is reset by force, the ONU re-registers with the
OLT to update the registration information about the ONU.
l Re-discover an ONU. ONU re-discovery is applicable only to the ONU that adopts the
once-on authentication mode.
l Configure the parameters of value-added service (VAS). The VAS feature of the GPON
ONU is used for provisioning VAS, such as the VoIP service.
l Upgrade ONUs.
l Query the real-time performance statistics of ONUs and clear the performance statistics.
The EPON uses the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology for concurrent
bidirectional signal transmission. Upstream and downstream signals are transmitted over
different wavelengths: upstream uses a 1310 nm wavelength and downstream uses a 1490 nm
wavelength. The EPON provisions the voice, data, and video services for users over a single
optical fiber.
Currently, the EPON supports a maximum symmetric transmission rate of 1.25 Gbit/s in
upstream and downstream, and a maximum transmission reach of 20 km. In downstream
direction, the EPON broadcasts encrypted data to different users; in upstream direction, the
EPON employs the time division multiplexing (TDM) technology. In this way, the EPON
implements bandwidth sharing in upstream and downstream directions and accommodates the
bandwidth requirements of access users.
EPON service management includes the management of EPON UNI ports and ONUs.
The EPON UNI port is the downstream port for the EPON access. The OLT is connected to
various types of ONUs, including MDUs, through the UNI port to provision high-speed Internet
service for users. For EPON UNI port management, you can perform the following operations
on the U2000:
l Modify the attributes of an EPON UNI port, including the alias, ONU auto-discovery
function, the maximum distance between an ONU and the OLT, and the tag attribute of
packets.
l Display the topology of the optical distribution node (ODN). The EPON UNI port, as an
ODN, is connected to a remote MDU. With this feature, you can enter the ODN+MDU
Layer 2 topology view, and view the ODN-centered star topology. In addition, you can
add, delete, and modify the MDU, and configure relevant services.
l Enable and disable an EPON UNI port. The laser of an EPON UNI port is enabled by default
so that the ONUs connected to the EPON UNI port can go online.
l Enable and disable the ONU auto-discovery function for an EPON UNI port. After the
ONU auto-discovery function is enabled, the OLT regularly checks whether any ONUs
newly connected to the EPON UNI port go online.
l Cut over services to implement EPON port backup on the OLT. If the active EPON port
on the OLT is faulty, you can switch over the ONU services from the faulty EPON port to
a specified standby EPON port on the OLT.
l Query the alarms of EPON UNI ports. This function allows you to maintain and manage
EPON UNI ports according to the details about and suggested solutions for active alarms.
l Query the real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
An ONU provides user interfaces. For EPON ONU management, you can perform the following
operations on the U2000:
l Add, delete, and modify an ONU.
l Generate topological nodes. Perform this operation to generate topological nodes for ONT
management in the topology view.
l Locate directly an ONU in the topology view through the topological node.
Device Management
Device management includes the management of NE panels, basic and common device
attributes, clock sources, security, protocols, global configuration of services, and device
templates.
NE Panel Management
The management of basic and common device attributes includes the query of the global
information about devices and the configuration of the global policies of devices.
Clock source management includes the management and configuration of equipment-level clock
source information, such as information about the line clock, 1588 clock, and clock priorities.
Security Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Enable and disable anti-ICMP attack, anti-IP attack, anti-IP spoofing, anti-MAC spoofing,
and anti-DoS attack.
l Set the aging time of an MAC address.
l Enable and disable MAC address learning.
l Configure the security attributes for user login in the CLI.
Protocol Management
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Manage the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)/
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)/Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP),
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD), and Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP).
l Control the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) proxy.
l Configure the Policy Information Transfer Protocol (PITP) mode/Relay Agent Info Option
(RAIO) custom format.
l Control the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) option 82 function.
l Control the DHCP proxy and DHCP relay forwarding functions.
l Configure 802.1ag attributes of the Ethernet packet.
Global Configuration of Services
The global configuration of services includes the configuration of the VLAN, QoS, xDSL, and
multicast services.
Device Template Management
Device template management includes the display of different types of device templates on the
U2000. Templates include the GPON template, EPON template, MDU SNMP template, IGMP
template, traffic template, VLAN service template, optical transceiver alarm template, and PW
template. Currently, the U2000 supports only query and generation of global templates.
EPON NNI is the upstream port provided by the ONU. You can perform the following operations
on the U2000:
l Configure and query the alarm thresholds of an optical transceiver.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics on the number of transmitted frames,
transmitted bytes, received frames, received bytes, received OAMPDU frames, and
received MPCP frames.
Ethernet port management includes the management of ports and aggregation groups. You can
perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure port attributes.
l Create, delete, query, and modify an aggregation group.
l Activate and deactivate an Ethernet port.
l Collect real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
l Configure the PPPoE, DHCP option 82, 802.3ah ETH OAM loopback, and port rate limit
functions.
l Query the attributes of optical transceivers on Ethernet optical ports.
Connection Management
ONU connection management includes the management of service virtual ports.
A service virtual port enables user equipment to access the ONU. The service virtual port
provides service streams between the user equipment and the ONU for carrying user services.
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, modify, activate, and deactivate a service virtual port.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
l Perform ATM ping tests.
l Configure the extended attributes of a service virtual port. Extended attributes allow for
greater flexibility of addressing customer requirements. Extended attributes include the
maximum number of learnable MAC addresses, the PPPoE session, the encapsulation type,
and the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be bound.
l Configure the connection attributes of a service virtual port, including the alias, VPI/VCI,
transmit traffic profile, and receive traffic profile.
l Shift the VLAN ID of a service virtual port to change the VLAN ID of the service virtual
port. After successful shifting, the service port assumes the new VLAN ID.
l Bind IP addresses to a service virtual port and query the bound IP addresses. To specify
that only the users with certain IP addresses can access the service virtual port, perform the
binding operation. After successful binding, the service forwarding module checks the
source IP address of user packets. If the source IP address does not match any of the IP
addresses bound to the service virtual port, the user packets are dropped. Otherwise, the
user packets are forwarded. This ensures the security of user access.
l Bind static MAC addresses to a service virtual port. To specify that only the users with
certain static MAC addresses can access the service virtual port, perform the binding
operation. After successful binding, the service forwarding module checks the source MAC
address of user packets. If the source MAC address does not match any of the MAC
addresses bound to the service virtual port, the user packets are dropped. Otherwise, the
user packets are forwarded. This ensures the security of user access.
l Configure service bundles. If several service virtual ports carry the same service, a service
bundle can be configured to bundle the service streams over the service virtual ports.
Layer 2 Management
Layer 2 management includes the management of the VLAN, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP), the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), and the Access Node Control Protocol
(ANCP).
VLAN service management includes the management of the standard VLAN, MUX VLAN,
smart VLAN, and super VLAN. You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, and modify a VLAN.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics of a VLAN.
l Clear the real-time performance statistics of a VLAN.
l Manage a Layer 3 interface and its subinterfaces.
RSTP Management
MSTP Management
MSTP management includes the management of domains, instances, and ports. You can perform
the following operations on the U2000:
l Modify and restore the default setting of a domain.
l Add, delete, and modify an instance.
l Modify a port.
l Query the statistics of a port.
ANCP Management
Layer 3 Management
Layer 3 management includes the management of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP), Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)/pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge
(PWE3), and Layer 3 routes.
DHCP Management
DHCP management includes the management of the DHCP server group, MAC address
segment, standard mode, DHCP domain, and VLAN L3 interface. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, and modify a DHCP server group.
l Query, add, delete, and modify a MAC address segment.
l Query, enable, disable, and modify a standard mode.
l Query, add, delete, and modify a DHCP domain.
l Modify a VLAN Layer 3 interface.
MPLS/PWE3 Management
The MPLS is a transmission technology. It implements transparent transmission of data packets
between users. The MPLS tunnel is defined in the MPLS protocol. Independent of a service, an
MPLS tunnel implements end-to-end transmission and carries service-related PWs.
You can perform the following operations on the MPLS tunnel on a per-NE basis on the U2000:
l Configure the basic attributes of the MPLS.
l Configure the MPLS tunnel of the static unicast type.
l Create forward MPLS tunnels.
l Create an E-LSP.
l Manage PWs.
l Manage tunnel tags and PW label.
QoS management includes filtering packets based on ACL, tagging priorities, limiting traffic
and port rate, collecting statistics on traffic, redirecting, and mirroring. On the U2000, you can
query, add, modify, and delete a QoS policy.
BFD Management
The BFD mechanism can quickly check the link status between two devices.
To mitigate the impact of device faults on services and to improve the network availability, a
network device needs to quickly detect any fault occurring between the device and its adjacent
devices. Actions can then be taken to ensure service continuity. The BFD enables the device to
check the connectivity of a type of data protocol of the same trail between two systems. The trail
can be a physical or a logical link, including a tunnel. The BFD mechanism is a remedy for the
weakness of the existing detection mechanism.
In controllable multicast, network equipment determines whether a user has the rights to watch
programs by identifying the join or request packets of the user. Then, the access device controls
and forwards the multicast services accordingly.
You can perform the following operations on the U2000 to manage multicast services:
l Manage multicast users.
l Manage multicast VLANs.
l Manage the virtual upstream ports of multicast services.
l Manage multicast subtending ports.
ISDN primary rate access (PRA) is the primary rate interface (PRI) and user-network interface
provided by the ONU. The PRI supports a transmission rate of 2.048 Mbit/s and provides 30 B
channels and 1 D channel. The rates of the B channel and D channel are 64 kbit/s. In the upstream
direction, the ONU transmits the ISDN service to the NGN network in IP networking mode. The
ISDN service is called the VoIP ISDN PRA service. You can perform the following operations
on the U2000:
l Configure and modify port attributes.
l Enable and disable services.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Query the statistics on the usage of MG ports and collect the number of VoIP ISDN PRA
ports by port status.
l Configure the alarm threshold of Layer 2 signaling errors.
l Query the timeslots that are occupied by a specified VoIP ISDN PRA port.
Solution limitations:
l The versions of the MDUs of the same type in the entire network must be the same.
l The configuration data of the MDUs must be backed up periodically to safeguard the data.
l Only one MDU can go offline and one MDU be automatically discovered during automatic
replacement.
Solution benefit:
l The MDU implements PnP and is replaced quickly.
l The configuration data is restored quickly.
Remote Acceptance
To achieve one site visit and reduce the O&M cost in FTTx network construction, the deployed
ONUs must support remote acceptance. With the FTTx PnP solution, you can perform the
following acceptance operations:
l Narrowband emulation acceptance, to check whether the voice links are in the normal state
by using the call emulation test.
l PPPoE dialup emulation acceptance, to check whether the links for Internet access are in
the normal state.
The U2000 provides the automatic offline bulk upgrade solution for ONTs. You can perform
the following operations on the U2000:
l Upgrade ONTs in batches.
l Upgrade ONTs automatically by creating a periodic upgrade task.
l Upgrade offline ONTs automatically when the ONTs go online.
This topic describes the functions and features of MSAN NE management and network
management.
Device Management
Device management includes the management of NE panels, basic and common device
attributes, clock sources, security, protocols, global configuration of services, and device
templates.
NE Panel Management
The management of basic and common device attributes includes the query of the global
information about devices and the configuration of the global policies of devices.
Clock source management includes the management and configuration of equipment-level clock
source information, such as information about the line clock, 1588 clock, and clock priorities.
Security Management
Protocol Management
The global configuration of services includes the configuration of the VLAN, QoS, xDSL, and
multicast services.
Device template management includes the display of different types of device templates on the
U2000. Templates include the IGMP template, traffic template, VLAN service template, and
PW template. Currently, the U2000 supports only query and generation of global templates.
E1/T1 ports are classified into TDM E1/T1 ports, CES E1/T1 ports, and IMA E1/T1 ports.
TDM E1/T1 ports can be used as access ports or upstream ports, depending on the functions of
the boards.
On E1 ports for upstream transmission, you can perform only the loopback operation.
On E1 ports for PRA access, you can perform the following operations: configure or delete port
attributes, set the alarm threshold of L2 signaling bit errors, query timeslots, and enable or disable
services.
On CES E1/T1 ports, you can collect real-time performance statistics of ports, configure the port
attributes, set port alias, and perform loopback.
On IMA E1/T1 ports, you can query real-time performance statistics of the ports, and manage
IMA groups and IMA links, including adding, deleting, modifying, resetting, blocking, and
unblocking an IMA group or link.
Ethernet port management includes the management of ports and aggregation groups. You can
perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure port attributes.
l Create, delete, query, and modify an aggregation group.
l Activate and deactivate an Ethernet port.
l Collect real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
l Configure the PPPoE, DHCP option 82, 802.3ah ETH OAM loopback, and port rate limit
functions.
l Query the attributes of optical transceivers for Ethernet optical ports.
Connection Management
Connection management includes the management of service virtual ports and CESoP
connections.
A service virtual port enables user equipment to access the OLT. The service virtual port provides
service streams between the user equipment and the OLT for carrying user services. You can
perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, modify, activate, and deactivate a service virtual port.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
l Perform ATM ping tests.
l Configure the extended attributes of a service virtual port. Extended attributes allow for
greater flexibility of addressing customer requirements. Extended attributes include the
maximum number of learnable MAC addresses, the PPPoE session, the encapsulation type,
and the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be bound.
l Configure the connection attributes of a service virtual port, including the alias, VPI/VCI,
transmit traffic profile, and receive traffic profile.
l Shift the VLAN ID of a service virtual port to change the VLAN ID of the service virtual
port. After successful shifting, the service port assumes the new VLAN ID.
l Bind IP addresses to a service virtual port and query the bound IP addresses. To specify
that only the users with certain IP addresses can access the service virtual port, perform the
binding operation. After successful binding, the service forwarding module checks the
source IP address of user packets. If the source IP address does not match any of the IP
addresses bound to the service virtual port, the user packets are dropped. Otherwise, the
user packets are forwarded. This ensures the security of user access.
l Bind static MAC addresses to a service virtual port. To specify that only the users with
certain static MAC addresses can access the service virtual port, perform the binding
operation. After successful binding, the service forwarding module checks the source MAC
address of user packets. If the source MAC address does not match any of the MAC
addresses bound to the service virtual port, the user packets are dropped. Otherwise, the
user packets are forwarded. This ensures the security of user access.
l Configure service bundles. If several service virtual ports carry the same service, a service
bundle can be configured to bundle the service streams over the service virtual ports.
The circuit emulation service over packet (CESoP) simulates circuit emulation services over
packets. After the CESoP connection is set up and the required service stream is created, the
communication over the CESoP E1 line is successful.
Layer 2 Management
Layer 2 management includes the management of the VLAN, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP), Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), Access Node Control Protocol (ANCP), and
Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP).
VLAN service management includes the management of the standard VLAN, MUX VLAN,
smart VLAN, and super VLAN. You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, and modify a VLAN.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics of a VLAN.
l Clear the real-time performance statistics of a VLAN.
l Manage a Layer 3 interface and its subinterfaces.
RSTP Management
MSTP Management
MSTP management includes the management of domains, instances, and ports. You can perform
the following operations on the U2000:
l Modify and restore the default setting of a domain.
l Add, delete, and modify an instance.
l Modify a port.
l Query the statistics of a port.
ANCP Management
RRPP Management
For RRPP management, you can perform the query, add, delete, and modify operations.
Layer 3 Management
Layer 3 management includes the management of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP), Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)/pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge
(PWE3), and Layer 3 routes.
DHCP Management
DHCP management includes the management of the DHCP server group, MAC address
segment, standard mode, DHCP domain, and VLAN L3 interface. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, and modify a DHCP server group.
l Query, add, delete, and modify a MAC address segment.
l Query, enable, disable, and modify a standard mode.
l Query, add, delete, and modify a DHCP domain.
l Modify a VLAN Layer 3 interface.
MPLS PWE3 Management
The MPLS is a transmission technology. It implements transparent transmission of data packets
between users. The MPLS tunnel is defined in the MPLS protocol. Independent of a service, an
MPLS tunnel implements end-to-end transmission and carries service-related PWs.
You can perform the following operations on the MPLS tunnel on a per-NE basis on the U2000:
l Configure the basic attributes of the MPLS.
l Configure the MPLS tunnel of the static unicast type.
l Create forward MPLS tunnels.
l Create an E-LSP.
l Manage PWs.
l Manage tunnel tags and PW labels.
QoS management includes filtering packets based on ACL, tagging priorities, limiting traffic
and port rate, collecting statistics on traffic, redirecting, and mirroring. On the U2000, you can
query, add, modify, and delete a QoS policy.
HQoS stands for the hierarchical QoS. It not only controls user traffic but also schedules packets
according to the priorities of user services. On the U2000, you can query, add, modify, and delete
an HQoS policy.
Protection group: You can manage the working member and the protection member in the
protection group. In a protection group, you can manage the relationship between the members
involved in the protection switchover, record the status of members, and manage the
configuration data and status that are involved by the protection relationship between the
members.
With the protection group feature, you can protect the following objects on the U2000:
l Active and standby control boards
l Aggregation groups on active control board and standby control board
l Ports on active and standby control boards
l Upstream Ethernet ports
l Upstream aggregation links of Ethernet ports
ADSL is a technology for providing the asymmetric and high-speed private line access service
over common twisted pairs. ADSL supports the asymmetrical transmission in the upstream and
downstream directions, which is suitable for the user data access service and can provide high-
speed data transmission channels for users. ADSL2+ is an extension of the ADSL technology.
It supports a maximum transmission rate of 24 Mbit/s and 2.5 Mbit/s in the downstream and
upstream respectively and a maximum transmission distance of 6.5 km. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Activate and deactivate a port.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Deactivate a port and then activate it again to initialize the port.
l Reconfigure port attributes.
l Configure the port attributes, such as the associated line template, alarm template, extended
template, and monitoring thresholds. These attributes are used to activate the ADSL port.
l Query the real-time and history performance statistics.
G.SHDSL is a technology for providing a high-rate symmetrical data service over one or two
twisted pairs. The 2-wire, 4-wire, 6-wire, and 8-wire G.SHDSL access services are supported
to allow for a transmission distance ranging from 3 km to 6 km. The rates of the 2-wire, 4-wire,
6-wire, and 8-wire G.SHDSL lines range from 192 kbit/s to 5696 kbit/s, 384 kbit/s to 4608 kbit/
s, 576 kbit/s to 17088 kbit/s, and 768 kbit/s to 22784 kbit/s respectively. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Activate and deactivate a port.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Bind and unbind a port. You can bind multiple ATM G.SHDSL ports. This increases the
bandwidth at the physical layer and improves the rate of the ATM G.SHDSL port.
l Configure port attributes, such as the associated line profile and alarm profile. These
attributes are used to activate the ATM G.SHDSL port.
l Query the real-time performance statistics.
VDSL2 service Management
VDSL2 is an extension of the VDSL technology. It provides high-speed private line access in
the symmetrical or asymmetrical mode over common twisted pairs. VDSL2 supports a high
bandwidth with symmetric rates of up to 100 Mbit/s and multiple spectrum template and
encapsulation modes. Based on these features, it provides short-distance and high-speed access
solutions to the next generation broadband access scenarios. You can perform the following
operations on the U2000:
l Activate and deactivate a port.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Deactivate a port and then activate it again to initialize a port.
l Reconfigure port attributes.
l Configure the port attributes, such as the associated line profile, alarm profile, extended
profile, and monitoring thresholds of a VDSL2 port. These attributes are used to activate
the VDSL2 port.
l Query the real-time and history performance statistics.
MG Management
In the next generation network (NGN), the media gateway (MG) and the media gateway
controller (MGC) are separated. That is, the functions of the user plane are separated from the
functions of the control plane. The messages of the user plane interact with each other by using
the MG and the messages of the control plane interact with each other by using the MGC. An
MG device consists of the MG, MGC, digital signal processor (DSP) management, and ringing
mapping. You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Manage MGs.
l Manage MGCs.
l Manage ringing mapping.
l Manage DSP channels.
SG Management
Signaling gateway (SG) management includes the management of signaling gateways and
associations. An SG is a part for signaling interaction. AN SG is a signaling proxy for receiving
and transmitting signaling messages between the No.7 signaling network and the IP network.
An SCTP association provides data transmission for the transfer of the protocol data unit of one
or more ports.
network in IP networking mode. The ISDN service is called the VoIP ISDN BRA service. You
can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure and modify port attributes.
l Enable and disable services.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Activate and deactivate a port.
l Reset a port.
l Query the statistics on the usage of MG ports and collect the number of VoIP ISDN BRA
ports by port status.
l Configure the alarm threshold of Layer 2 signaling errors.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics.
VoIP ISDN PRA Port Management
ISDN primary rate access (PRA) is the primary rate interface (PRI) and user-network interface
provided by the ONU. The PRI supports a transmission rate of 2.048 Mbit/s and provides 30 B
channels and 1 D channel. The rates of the B channel and D channel are 64 kbit/s. In the upstream
direction, the ONU transmits the ISDN service to the NGN network in IP networking mode. The
ISDN service is called the VoIP ISDN PRA service. You can perform the following operations
on the U2000:
l Configure and modify port attributes.
l Enable and disable services.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Query the statistics on the usage of MG ports and collect the number of VoIP ISDN PRA
ports by port status.
l Configure the alarm threshold of Layer 2 signaling errors.
l Query the timeslots that are occupied by a specified VoIP ISDN PRA port.
Service ports are classified into V5 PSTN ports, V5 ISDN BRA ports, and V5 ISDN PRA ports.
You can perform the following operations to manage V5 PSTN ports on the U2000:
l Configure and modify port attributes.
l Enable and disable services.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Reset a port.
l Collect real-time performance statistics.
You can perform the following operations to manage V5 ISDN BRA ports on the U2000:
l Configure and modify port attributes.
l Enable and disable services.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Activate and deactivate a port.
l Reset a port.
l Query the statistics on the usage of MG ports and collect the number of V5 ISDN BRA
ports by port status.
l Configure the alarm threshold of Layer 2 signaling errors.
l Collect real-time performance statistics.
You can perform the following operations to manage V5 ISDN PRA ports on the U2000:
l Configure and modify port attributes.
l Enable or disable services.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Query the statistics on the usage of MG ports and collect the number of V5 ISDN PRA
ports by port status.
l Configure the alarm threshold of Layer 2 signaling errors.
l Query the timeslots occupied by a specified V5 ISDN PRA port.
SPC Management
SPC can connect, release, check, and protect one or more 64 kbit/s channels of different ports
of the same board or different boards. SPCs occupy dedicated and fixed voice channels to meet
the communication requirements of special and VIP access subscribers and ensure the
communication quality. You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Set up common SPCs between narrowband service ports.
l Set up VoIP-based IP SPCs.
l Set up internal SPCs.
l Configure private lines.
l Set up V5 SPCs.
l Set up V5 pre-SPCs.
VFB Board Management
The UA5000(PVMV1) provides point-to-point voice frequency (VF) channels to transmit voice
or data in dedicated networks. You can connect VF telephones or modems (connecting user
terminals) to the VF channels at the two sides so that the voice or data is interconnected over
dedicated lines. The VFB board of the UA5000(PVMV1) is a 2/4-wire VF dedicated line
interface board and supports the VF dedicated line services. The VFB board provides the function
of adjusting the 2/4-wire port through software. It provides sixteen 2-wire port or eight 4-wire
ports. You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure the attributes of ports provided by the VFB board.
l Add SPCs.
Certain dedicated networks access LEs or interwork with remote dedicated networks over the
access network. In dedicated networks, many users adopt the E&M trunk ports. To access these
users over the access network, ONUs must provide the E&M trunk ports.
ATI Board Management
The ATI board, inserted in a service shelf, transparently transmits E/M signaling and 2-wire/4-
wire VF signals by using SPCs. This helps the HONET system access certain dedicated
networks. The ATI board provides six 2-wire/4-wire E&M trunk ports. Each port provides the
2-wire/4-wire VF line and the 1E1M signaling line. If the 1E1M signaling line is not in use, the
2-wire/4-wire VF line can be used independently to transmit VF signals. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Configure the 2-wire/4-wire VF and E&M trunk service.
l Configure the hotline service of E&M trunk ports.
CDI Board Management
The CDI board is a 16-channel direct-dialing-in subscriber interface board of the HONET access
system, which implements the transparent transmission through analog subscriber ports. The
CDI board implements the transparent extension inside the HONET system for the analog
subscriber ports of external exchanges by means of digital-to-analog conversion between CDI
ports and ASL ports, transparent transmission, and signaling processing of hosts. In addition, as
a foreign exchange office (FXO) port, the CDI port works with the foreign exchange subscriber
(FXS) port provided by the ASL board to implement the analog access of the POTS users to the
LE. You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure the Z interface extension service.
l Configure the PBX bidirectional service.
l Configure the DDI service.
This topic describes the functions and features of DSLAM NE management and network
management.
Device Management
Device management includes the management of NE panels, basic and common device
attributes, clock sources, security, protocols, global configuration of services, and device
templates.
NE Panel Management
The management of basic and common device attributes includes the query of the global
information about devices and the configuration of the global policies of devices.
Clock source management includes the management and configuration of equipment-level clock
source information, such as information about the line clock, 1588 clock, and clock priorities.
Security Management
Protocol Management
The global configuration of services includes the configuration of the VLAN, QoS, xDSL, and
multicast services.
Device template management includes the display of different types of device templates on the
U2000. Templates include the IGMP template, traffic template, VLAN service template, and
PW template. Currently, the U2000 supports only query and generation of global templates.
E1/T1 ports are classified into TDM E1/T1 ports, CES E1/T1 ports, and IMA E1/T1 ports.
TDM E1/T1 ports can be used as access ports or upstream ports, depending on the functions of
boards.
On E1 ports for upstream transmission, you can perform only the loopback operation.
On E1 ports for PRA access, you can perform the following operations: configure or delete port
attributes, set the alarm threshold of L2 signaling bit errors, query timeslots, and enable or disable
services.
On CES E1/T1 ports, you can collect real-time performance statistics of ports, configure the port
attributes, set port alias, and perform loopback.
On IMA E1/T1 ports, you can query real-time performance statistics of the ports, and manage
IMA groups and IMA links, including adding, deleting, modifying, resetting, blocking, and
unblocking an IMA group or link.
Ethernet port management includes the management of ports and aggregation groups. You can
perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure port attributes.
l Create, delete, query, and modify an aggregation group.
l Activate and deactivate an Ethernet port.
l Collect real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
l Configure the PPPoE, DHCP option 82, 802.3ah ETH OAM loopback, and port rate limit
functions.
l Query the attributes of optical transceivers for Ethernet optical ports.
Connection Management
ONU connection management includes the management of service virtual ports.
A service virtual port enables user equipment to access the ONU. The service virtual port
provides service streams between the user equipment and the ONU for carrying user services.
You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, modify, activate, and deactivate a service virtual port.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics and clear the performance statistics.
l Perform ATM ping tests.
l Configure the extended attributes of a service virtual port. Extended attributes allow for
greater flexibility of addressing customer requirements. Extended attributes include the
maximum number of learnable MAC addresses, the PPPoE session, the encapsulation type,
and the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be bound.
l Configure the connection attributes of a service virtual port, including the alias, VPI/VCI,
transmit traffic profile, and receive traffic profile.
l Shift the VLAN ID of a service virtual port to change the VLAN ID of the service virtual
port. After successful shifting, the service port assumes the new VLAN ID.
l Bind IP addresses to a service virtual port and query the bound IP addresses. To specify
that only the users with certain IP addresses can access the service virtual port, perform the
binding operation. After successful binding, the service forwarding module checks the
source IP address of user packets. If the source IP address does not match any of the IP
addresses bound to the service virtual port, the user packets are dropped. Otherwise, the
user packets are forwarded. This ensures the security of user access.
l Bind static MAC addresses to a service virtual port. To specify that only the users with
certain static MAC addresses can access the service virtual port, perform the binding
operation. After successful binding, the service forwarding module checks the source MAC
address of user packets. If the source MAC address does not match any of the MAC
addresses bound to the service virtual port, the user packets are dropped. Otherwise, the
user packets are forwarded. This ensures the security of user access.
l Configure service bundles. If several service virtual ports carry the same service, a service
bundle can be configured to bundle the service streams over the service virtual ports.
Layer 2 Management
Layer 2 management includes the management of the VLAN, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP), Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), Access Node Control Protocol (ANCP), and
Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP).
VLAN management includes the management of the standard VLAN, MUX VLAN, smart
VLAN, and super VLAN. You can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, and modify a VLAN.
l Collect the real-time performance statistics of a VLAN.
l Clear the real-time performance statistics on VLANs.
l Manage a Layer 3 interface and its subinterfaces.
RSTP Management
MSTP Management
MSTP management includes the management of domains, instances, and ports. You can perform
the following operations on the U2000:
l Modify and restore the default setting of a domain.
l Add, delete, and modify an instance.
l Modify a port.
l Query the statistics of a port.
ANCP Management
RRPP Management
For RRPP management, you can perform the query, add, delete, and modify operations.
Layer 3 Management
Layer 3 management includes the management of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP), Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)/pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge
(PWE3), and Layer 3 routes.
DHCP Management
DHCP management includes the management of the DHCP server group, MAC address
segment, standard mode, DHCP domain, and VLAN L3 interface. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Query, add, delete, and modify a DHCP server group.
l Query, add, delete, and modify a MAC address segment.
l Query, enable, disable, and modify a standard mode.
l Query, add, delete, and modify a DHCP domain.
l Modify a VLAN Layer 3 interface.
You can perform the following operations on the MPLS tunnel on a per-NE basis on the U2000:
l Configure the basic attributes of the MPLS.
l Configure the MPLS tunnel of the static unicast type.
l Create forward MPLS tunnels.
l Create an E-LSP.
l Manage PWs.
l Manage tunnel tags and PW labels.
In a traditional packet-based network, all packets are treated in the same way. Every router adopts
the first-in first-out (FIFO) policy to process packets, and makes its best effort to transmit packets
to the destination. The router, however, does not make any commitment to packet transmission
performance, such as the delay, delay variation (jitter), packet loss rate, and reliability. With the
rapid development of the computer network, more and more networks are connected to the
Internet. In addition, new services are emerging and raise new requirements on the service
capability of the IP network. Therefore, network-wide end-to-end QoS solutions are called into
attention, which necessitates QoS assurance for services. To achieve so, devices must be able
to apply QoS techniques and provide hierarchical QoS guarantee for different types of service
streams (especially for those highly sensitive to delay and jitter). For ACL management, you
can perform the following operations on the U2000:
l Configure one or more time segments, and associate a time segment with an ACL by
specifying the name of the time segment in the ACL.
l Query, modify, create, and delete the ACL of the standard, extended, Layer 2, and user-
defined types.
QoS management includes filtering packets based on ACL, tagging priorities, limiting traffic
and port rate, collecting statistics on traffic, redirecting, and mirroring. On the U2000, you can
query, add, modify, and delete a QoS policy.
HQoS stands for the hierarchical QoS. It not only controls user traffic but also schedules packets
according to the priorities of user services. On the U2000, you can query, add, modify, and delete
an HQoS policy.
BFD Management
The BFD mechanism is used for quickly checking the link status between two devices.
To mitigate the impact of device faults on services and to improve the network availability, a
network device needs to quickly detect any fault occurring between the device and its adjacent
devices. Actions can then be taken to ensure service continuity. The BFD enables the device to
check the connectivity of a type of data protocol of the same trail between two systems. The trail
can be a physical or a logical link, including a tunnel. The BFD mechanism is a remedy for the
weakness of the existing detection mechanism.
Protection switchover: Important board recourses and port recourses are generally backed up to
enhance system reliability. If a fault occurs on a working member, protection switchover will
be triggered to transfer services to the protection member that will continue to handle the
services.
Protection group: You can manage the working member and the protection member in the
protection group. In a protection group, you can manage the relationship between the members
involved in the protection switchover, record the status of members, and manage the
configuration data and status that are involved by the protection relationship between the
members.
With the protection group feature, you can protect the following objects on the U2000:
l Active and standby control boards
l Aggregation groups on active control board and standby control board
l Ports on active and standby control boards
l Upstream Ethernet ports
l Upstream aggregation links of Ethernet ports
ADSL is a technology for providing the asymmetric and high-speed private line access service
over common twisted pairs. ADSL supports the asymmetrical transmission in the upstream and
downstream directions, which is suitable for the user data access service and can provide high-
speed data transmission channels for users. ADSL2+ is an extension of the ADSL technology.
It supports a maximum transmission rate of 24 Mbit/s and 2.5 Mbit/s in the downstream and
upstream respectively and a maximum transmission distance of 6.5 km. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Activate and deactivate a port.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Deactivate a port and then activate it again to initialize the port.
l Reconfigure port attributes.
l Configure the port attributes, such as the associated line template, alarm template, extended
template, and monitoring thresholds. These attributes are used to activate the ADSL port.
l Query the real-time and history performance statistics.
G.SHDSL is a technology for providing a high-rate symmetrical data service over one or two
twisted pairs. The 2-wire, 4-wire, 6-wire, and 8-wire G.SHDSL access services are supported
to allow for a transmission distance ranging from 3 km to 6 km. The rates of the 2-wire, 4-wire,
6-wire, and 8-wire G.SHDSL lines range from 192 kbit/s to 5696 kbit/s, 384 kbit/s to 4608 kbit/
s, 576 kbit/s to 17088 kbit/s, and 768 kbit/s to 22784 kbit/s respectively. You can perform the
following operations on the U2000:
l Activate and deactivate a port.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Bind and unbind a port. You can bind multiple ATM G.SHDSL ports. This increases the
bandwidth at the physical layer and improves the rate of the ATM G.SHDSL port.
l Configure port attributes, such as the associated line profile and alarm profile. These
attributes are used to activate the ATM G.SHDSL port.
l Query the real-time performance statistics.
VDSL2 is an extension of the VDSL technology. It provides high-speed private line access in
the symmetrical or asymmetrical mode over common twisted pairs. VDSL2 supports a high
bandwidth with symmetric rates of up to 100 Mbit/s and multiple spectrum template and
encapsulation modes. Based on these features, it provides short-distance and high-speed access
solutions to the next generation broadband access scenarios. You can perform the following
operations on the U2000:
l Activate and deactivate a port.
l Perform and cancel a loopback.
l Deactivate a port and then activate it again to initialize a port.
l Reconfigure port attributes.
l Configure the port attributes, such as the associated line profile, alarm profile, extended
profile, and monitoring thresholds of a VDSL2 port. These attributes are used to activate
the VDSL2 port.
l Query the real-time and history performance statistics.
In controllable multicast, network equipment determines whether a user has the rights to watch
programs by identifying the join or request packets of the user. Then, the access device controls
and forwards the multicast services accordingly.
You can perform the following operations on the U2000 to manage multicast services:
l Manage multicast users.
l Manage multicast VLANs.
15 Reliability
Reliability design assures that measures are taken to prevent potential risks so that the product
can work in a safer manner.
Hardware Reliability
U2000Hardware reliability is improved by disk redundancy, equipment redundancy, and HA
system.
l Disk redundancy: The U2000 supports disk redundancy. For example, RAID1, RAID10,
hot standby, or disk array can be used for different hardware platforms.
l Equipment redundancy: During network deployment, the U2000 improves reliability by
means of redundant equipment such as switches and NICs.
l HA system: For details, see 15.3 HA System.
Software Reliability
Software reliability mechanism of the U2000 enables the U2000 to withstand software failures
such as software application failure or database damage.
The U2000 supports the automatic protection mechanism so that it can monitor and check the
running status of its processes. When the U2000 detects that a process stops abnormally or is
faulty, it records system logs. Then, the system restarts the process automatically and ensures
that the process runs in the normal state. The system can also generate an alarm that urges a user
to manually resolve the problem.
In the case of an HA system, when the active server is faulty (for example, software applications
fail or the database quits unexpectedly), switchover is performed between the active server and
the standby server and the standby server starts to monitor networks.
Periodic and effective backup of the U2000 data ensures that the system runs stably and recovers
promptly from faults. The U2000 provides various data backup methods. For details, see 15.6
Data Backup.
15.3 HA System
The high availability (HA) system helps you improve the running reliability of the U2000 server.
The non-distributed U2000 server works in 1+1 backup mode. If the active site is faulty,
applications on the U2000 are automatically switched to the standby site so that the U2000
application is not interrupted. See Figure 15-1.
Application
When a fault occurs, the NMS application is switched to the standby site.
Applicaton
l Database synchronization and backup between the active and standby sites
l Automatic application switchover between the active and standby sites
l HA system (Veritas 1+1 hot standby): Applicable to remote hot standby of the non-
distributed system, featuring automatic switching.
The communication between non-GNEs and the U2000 is forwarded by the GNE. In the
U2000, you can set the active GNE and standby GNE for NEs in advance. When the
communication between the active GNE and the U2000 is interrupted, the U2000 automatically
switches to the standby GNE for communication, so that the communication between the
U2000 and NEs is not interrupted. When the communication between the U2000 and the active
GNE recovers, the U2000 determines whether to use the active GNE again according to the
preset revertive mode.
NOTE
The recommended number of non-gateway NEs (including non-gateway NEs that connects to the GNE by using
the extended ECC) that connect to each GNE is fewer than 50. Once the limit is exceeded, the number of GNEs
should be increased.
If the server has two or more than two hard disks, you can create disk mirroring (RAID 1) when
installing the U2000. After you create disk mirroring, if the active disk is damaged, run a
command to switch the data to the standby disk, thereby restoring the working data and parameter
settings before the active disk is damaged.
The RAID 5 and hot spare disk are recommended for the disk array where six hard disks are
configured. Specifically, configure RAID 5 by using any four hard disks and use the remaining
one as a hot spare disk.
The security of network data is a concern of users. Table 15-2 lists the data backup solutions
provided by the U2000.
16 Performance Indicators
Processing capability Response speed of handling The interval from the time at
an alarm which an alarm is generated
on the equipment to the time
at which the alarm is
displayed on the U2000 is
normally not longer than 10
seconds.
Stability Mean time between failures The MTBF is longer than six
(MTBF) months. A failure is the
situation where the database
quits unexpectedly.
Item Bandwidth
Bandwidth required for the communication A bandwidth of 2 Mbit/s may not meet the
between N Equivalent NEs and the U2000 bandwidth requirements in different
server networks. In this case, you can set the CIR or
PIR by using the following formula:
CIR:
l N > 56: 2048 kbit/s + (N - 56) x 0.5 kbit/
s
l N <= 56: 2 Mbit/s
PIR:
l N > 56: 10240 kbit/s + (N - 56) x 5 kbit/s
l N <= 56: 10 Mbit/s
17 Management Capability
Management capability refers to the capability of the NMS to manage network resources, which
are expressed in the number of equivalent NEs.
The key technical specifications include the number of equivalent NEs, number of clients, and
number of physical NEs.The management capability of the U2000 in a network that consists of
different types of NEs is affected by the following factors:
l The management capability refers to the maximum number of equivalent NEs that can be
managed by the U2000 on certain hardware configuration conditions. The management
capability depends on the hardware and varies with the hardware configuration.
l If a client also runs on the computer where the server is running, the management capability
is reduced by 50%. Hence, it is recommended that you run the client and server on different
computers.
l The system limits the number of physical nodes. Hence, the number of physical nodes is a
restriction for the management capability.
l Virtual NEs are not included in the management capability. A pre-configured NE is equal
to a real NE. One third-party NE is equal to one equivalent NE. The equivalent coefficient
of the OEM equipment is calculated in the way similar to Huawei equipment.
17.1 NE Equivalent Coefficient
The NE equivalent coefficient is the ratio of the resources used by physical NEs or ports to the
resources used by equivalent NEs.
17.2 Management Capabilities of the U2000 on Different Hardware Platforms
This topic describes the management capabilities of the U2000 on different hardware platforms.
17.3 Manageable Equipment
This topic describes the equipment that can be managed by the U2000.
NOTE
For example, there are 5 OptiX OSN 9500 (equivalent coefficient: 10), 10 OptiX OSN 7500 (equivalent
coefficient: 6.5), and 100 OptiX OSN 3500 (equivalent coefficient: 4.5). Then, you can calculate the number
of equivalent NEs in the transport domain as follows:
Number of equivalent NEs in the transport domain = 5 x 10 + 10 x 6.5 + 100 x 4.5 = 565
The management capability of the U2000 varies with OptiX NE Equivalents, as shown in Table
17-1.
OptiX 155S 1
OptiX 155/622B_I 2
OptiX 155/622B_II 2
OptiX 2500 3
OptiX OTU40000 1
NOTE
For example, there are 5 NE5000E (equivalent coefficient: 10), 200 S5300 (equivalent coefficient: 1.25),
and 1000 CX200 (equivalent coefficient: 0.625). Then, you can calculate the number of equivalent NEs in
the IP domain as follows:
Number of equivalent NEs in the IP domain = 5 x 10 + 200 x 1.25 + 1000 x 0.625 = 925
The management capability of the U2000 varies with IP NE Equivalents, as shown in Table
17-2.
NE20/NE20E 1.25
NE40/NE80 5
NE40E-X3 1.25
NE40E-4 1.25
NE40E-X8 2.5
NE40E-8 2.5
NE40E-X16 5
NE40E-16 5
R-series router 1
CX600-X1 0.5
CX600-X2 1
CX600-X3 1.25
CX600-4 1.25
CX600-X8 2.5
CX600-8 2.5
CX600-X16 5
CX600-16 5
Eudomen 8040 3
Eudomen 8080 6
Eudomen 8080E 4
Eudomen 8160E 8
USG USG9110 4
USG9120 2
USG9210 3
USG9220 6
USG9310 4
USG9320 8
USG3030 0.25
USG3040 0.25
USG50 0.25
SRG20-10 0.25
SRG20-11 0.25
SRG20-12 0.25
SRG20-15 0.25
SRG20-20 0.25
SRG20-21 0.25
SRG20-30 0.25
SRG20-31 0.25
SRG20-31-D 0.25
SIG SIG9810 4
SIG9820 8
SIG9800 Server 4
MA5200G series 10
ME60 series 10
WLAN AP AP 0.25
NOTE
l Number of FTTx OLT equivalent NEs = (Number of ONTs x Equivalent coefficient) + (Number of
MDUs x Equivalent coefficient) + (Number of P2P ports x Equivalent coefficient)
l Number of FTTx MDU equivalent NEs = (Number of ports of type_I x Equivalent coefficient) + ... +
(Number of ports of type n x Equivalent coefficient)
l Number of MSAN equivalent NEs = (Number of ports of type_I x Equivalent coefficient) + ... +
(Number of ports of type n x Equivalent coefficient)
l Number of DSLAM equivalent NEs = (Number of ports of type_I x Equivalent coefficient) + ... +
(Number of ports of type_n x Equivalent coefficient)
l Number of equivalent NEs of other access equipment = (Number of NEs of type_I x Equivalent
coefficient) + ... + (Number of NEs of type_n x Equivalent coefficient)
The management capability of the U2000 varies with access NE Equivalents, as shown in Table
17-3.
8825 18
8750 18
MA5200V1R2/R9 3
T5220-4C*1.2 2000 32 No
G-16G
SUN 1500 32 No
V445-4P*1.6
GHz-8G
PW650-2P*1. 1500 32 No
8GHz-8G
IBM 6000 64 No
X3850M2-4P
*2.13G-16G
SUN 800 24 No
V490-2P*1.6
GHz-4G
SUN 800 24 No
V440-2P*1.6
GHz-4G
SUN 600 16 No
V240-2P*1.5
GHz-4G
SUN 600 16 No
V245-2P*1.5
GHz-4G
IBM 600 14 No
X3200-1P*2.4
G-2G
HP 2000 64 No
ML350-2P*2.
0G-4G
HP 600 24 No
ML110-1P*2.
4G-2G
HP 2000 48 No
ML570-4P*2.
0G-4G
DELL 2000 48 No
R900-4P*2.13
G-4G
DELL 2000 48 No
PE6800-4P*2.
0G-4G
DELL 1500 32 No
PE2900-2P*2.
0G-4G
DELL 600 24 No
PE840-1P*2.4
G-2G
HP 6000 64 No
DL380G5-2P
*2.0G-8G
HP 10000 100 No
DL580G5-4P
*2.13G-16G
IBM 6000 64 No
X3650-2P*2.0
G-8G
SDH series OptiX 155C OptiX 155C SDH transmission unit for
the access network
MSTP series OptiX Metro 100 OptiX Metro 100 terminal STM-1
optical transmission system
OSN series OptiX OSN 500 OptiX OSN 500 STM-1/STM-4 multi-
service CPE optical transmission system
Metro WDM series OptiX Metro 6020 OptiX Metro 6020 compact
container CWDM system
V100R001
NOTE
The OptiX BWS 1600G OLA is an independent power supply subrack. It is supported by the OptiX BWS
1600G backbone DWDM optical transmission system V100R004 and higher versions.
Submarine line series OptiX SLM 1630 OptiX SLM 1630 submarine
line monitor
EchoLife:OT550 -
EchoLife:HG850 -
ONT series
EchoLife:HG850a -
EchoLife:HG851 -
EchoLife:HG852 -
EchoLife:HG853 -
EchoLife OT925 -
SmartAX OT928 -
EchoLife:HG810 -
EchoLife:HG811 -
EchoLife:HG813 -
EchoLife:HG860 -
EchoLife:HG861 -
EchoLife:HG863 -
EchoLife:HG865 -
EchoLife:HG810a -
EchoLife:HG866 -
EchoLife:HG866e -
U5KG -
810e -
813e -
850e -
925e -
U5KE -
HG8240 -
HG8245 -
HG8247 -
S5000 series switches S50 series switches Quidway S5000 Series Ethernet
Switches
S3000 series switches S30 series switches Quidway S3000 Series Ethernet
Switches
S2000 series switches S20 series switches Quidway S2000 Series Ethernet
Switches
XE series -
WA12 AP WLAN 12
18 Standards Compliance
This topic describes the standards that the U2000 is compliant with.
The U2000 is developed according to the network management system model that the ITU-T
TMN series standards define. The information model is constructed based on the object-oriented
concept. Complying with multiple standards, the U2000 has good expandability and reusability.
The U2000 complies with the following international standards and protocols:
l RFC 793 Telnet/TCP/IP standards
l RFC 1155, RFC 1157, RFC 1212, RFC 1213 and RFC 1215 SNMP V1 series standards
l RFC 1905, RFC 1906, RFC 1907, RFC 1908, RFC 2011, RFC 2012, RFC 2013, RFC 2571,
RFC 2572, RFC 2573, RFC 2574, RFC 2576, RFC 2578, RFC 2579, and RFC 2580 SNMP
V2 series standards
l RFC 3411, RFC 3412, RFC 3413, RFC 3414, RFC 3415, RFC 3416, RFC 3417, and RFC
3418 SNMP V3 series standards
l RFC 3164 Syslog standards
l ISO 8824 and ISO 8825 ASN.1 standards
l ITU-T standards for managing the telecommunications management network: M.3000, M.
3010, M.3020, M.3100, and M.3400 (without accounting)
l HTTP and JAVA interface protocols and standards
l W3C SOAP 1.1/WSDL
l TL1 (Telcordia GR-811, GR-831, etc.)
l The XML service delivery and inventory query are based on the MTOSI standards as
follows: TMF 518, TMF 612, and TMF 864
l CORBA 2.5 protocol
l ISO 8824 and ISO 8825 ASN.1 standards
l The CORBA alarm northbound interface complies with the MTNM standards as follows:
TMF 513, TMF 608, and TMF 814
Table 18-1 lists the details of the standards and protocols.
RFC 1215 A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP
RFC 1905 Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol
RFC 1906 Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol
RFC 1907 Management Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol
RFC 2011 SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol using
SMIv2
RFC 2012 SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the Transmission Control
Protocol using SMIv2
RFC 2013 SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the User Datagram Protocol
using SMIv2
RFC 2572 Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management
Protocol
RFC 2574 User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol
RFC 2576 Coexistence between Version 1, Version 2, and Version 3 of the Internet-
standard Network Management Framework
Standards
and
Protocols Description
RFC 3412 Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)
RFC 3414 User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv3)
RFC 3415 View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP)
RFC 3416 Version 2 of the Protocol Operations for the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)
RFC 3417 Transport Mappings for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
RFC 3418 Management Information Base (MIB) for the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)
ITU-T M. Managed Object Conformance statements for the generic network information
3101 model
Standards
and
Protocols Description
ITU-T G. Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
707
Standards
and
Protocols Description
A
Abnormal Resource When the NMS carries out the operation of device resource polling on the device
management module or the module is refreshed manually, the physical resources of some
devices, such as the card, sub-card and port, cannot be accessed because they have been
deleted or have some faults. So, after the NMS carries out the operation of device resource
polling on the device management module or the module is refreshed manually again,
the result of polling the physical resources differ from the first time. The physical
resources that cannot be polled in the second time are called the abnormal resource.
AIS insertion If there are excessive errors in a channel, AIS can be inserted in this channel to indicate
it is unavailable. For a line board, you can set whether to insert AIS when there are
excessive errors in the B1, B2 and B3 bytes. For a tributary board at the E1 or T1 level,
you can set whether to insert AIS when there are excessive errors in BIP-2. For a tributary
board at the E3 level or higher, you can set whether to insert AIS when there are excessive
errors in the B3 byte.
AIS Alarm Indication Signal. A signal sent downstream in a digital network if an upstream
failure has been detected and persists for a certain time.
Alarm correlation In the case alarm2 is raised within five seconds after alarm1 is raised, and alarm2
analysis complies with the conditions defined in the alarm correlation analysis rule, you can either
suppress the alarm2 or raise its severity level according to the behavior defined in the
alarm correlation rule. Such a process is called alarm correlation analysis.
Alarm Level Alarm level is to identify the severity of an alarm or event. It is divided up into four
levels: critical, major, minor, warning alarm.
Alarm Status Device reports the trap information to NMS. NMS displays the received information on
the alarm start on the topological view.
The alarm state contains four types: urgent alarm, important alarm, subordinate alarm
and prompt alarm.
Auto Discovery NMS tests the remote device by using PING or the SNMP parameter module configured
in advanced to discover the IP device or the device that supports SNMP and to add the
discovered devices automatically.
Alarm reversion For the port that has already been configured but not actually loaded with services, this
function can be used to avoid generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing
alarm interference.
Alarm severity According to ITU-T recommendations, the alarm is classified into four severities:
Critical, Major, Minor, and Warning.
Alarm suppression The suppressed alarm of a specific object is not reported. The object here may be the
networkwide equipment, a specific NE, a specific board and even a specific function
module of a specific board.
Alarm A visible or an audible indication to notify the person concerned that a failure or an
emergency has occurred. See also Event.
ATM protection group An ATM protection group refers to the logically bound ATM VP network or subnetwork
connections that share the same physical transmission channel. In the VP group (VPG),
a pair of VP connections (working connection and its protection connection) is used for
monitoring the automatic protection switching, called monitoring connections (APS
VPCs). If the monitoring connections switch over, the whole VPG will switch over to
quicken the ATM protection switching (as quick as the protection switching of the SDH
layer.
ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown. ALS is turned on when the optical interface board does not
carry services or the optical fibre is faulty. Its service life can be prolonged by decreasing
the duration during which laser is on.
Attribute Property of an object.
Automatic switching When the active board or path fails, the standby one can automatically take over the job
of the active one.
Band Width In the data communication area, bandwidth specifies the maximum value of the rate
when the data passes through some data channel.
Baseline Select the test result when the line is in good condition as the line test baseline, to provide
a basis of comparison and analysis for the following line test result.
Baseline collection test One of the test types for submarine line. In the case of deployment or fault restoration,
or when updating the baseline is required, you need to collect the baseline, to provide
reference for comparison tests, and alerts or alarms.
Binding In virtual concatenated payload configuration, designating one binding number to
identify the VC4s of the same virtual concatenated payload is called "bind". If a fault
occurs to one of the bound services, all bound services will switch as a whole.
Bit error alarm When the bit error reaches a specific limit, the equipment will report an alarm. This limit
threshold is the bit error alarm threshold. The threshold can be divided into crossing threshold and
defect threshold.
Comparison test in One of the test types for submarine line. Carry out polling tests for multiple lines on the
periodic mode same LMU board periodically, compare the test result with the baseline data in in-service
mode, and provide alerts or alarms for the line.
Comparison test in One of the test types for submarine line. Test a line by using test parameters of the
single-test mode baseline collection test in in-service mode, compare the test result with the baseline data,
and provide alerts or alarms for the line.
Check alarms The check feature compares one (or more) uncleared alarm on the NMS with that on the
NE. If an alarm is included in the current alarms on the NE, it is kept on the NMS. If
not, it will be removed from the NMS.
Client A kind of terminal (PC or workstation) connected to a network that can send instructions
to a server and get results through a user interface. See also server.
Clock View The Clock View provides a visible platform to enable:1. NE clock settings2.
Networkwide clock synchronisation status query3. Clock tracing and search functions
Configuration data The data that configures the NE hardware for coordination between this NE and other
NEs in the entire network and operation of specified services. Configuration data is the
instruction file of NEs, and it is the key for efficient network running. The typical
configuration data includes board configuration, clock configuration and protection
relationship.
Configuration Configuration management enables inventory query of network configuration resources,
management including relevant configuration of NMS or SNMS, NE, subnet, links, SNC, route, TP,
edge point, equipment, and so on. Real-time inventory change report can also be provided
through this resource, it will be timely reported to the upper NMS to notify the carrier
of the current network operation status and ensure data consistency of the upper NMS
or SNMS.
Configure To set the basic parameters of an operation object.
Connection point A reference point where the output of a trail termination source or a connection is bound
to the input of another connection, or where the output of a connection is bound to the
input of a trail termination sink or another connection. The connection point is
characterized by the information which passes across it. A bidirectional connection point
is formed by the association of a contradirectional pair.
Connection A "transport entity" which consists of an associated pair of "unidirectional connections"
capable of simultaneously transferring information in opposite directions between their
respective inputs and outputs.
Current alarms Alarms that do not clear, or has cleared but is not acknowledged.
Current performance The performance data stored in the current register is called current performance data.
data The current 15-minute or 24-hour register (only one for each) is applied to collect the
performance data in the current monitoring period. It changed within the monitor period.
Change Audit Service Change Audit Service is developed to record the change on the network device, including
the changes on the information about the device, the configuration and the mapping. It
provides one integrated database. Every application program records these changes in
the database and ensures that these changes in the database are reflected on other
applications.
Cluster The cluster is an administrative domain composed of a set of switches. It consists of a
command switch and multiple member switches. The management over all the switches
within the cluster is realized through a public IP address.
Configuration File Text file, including various configuration on the device.
D
DCC Within an STM-N signal there are two DCC channels, one is the 192 kbit/s DCC-R
channel composed of bytes D1-D3, and the other is the 576 kbit/s DCC- channel
composed of bytes D4-D12. All NEs can communicate with one another through the
DCC-R. The DCC-M is not the regenerator section overhead and does not support
communications among regenerators, and it is used to support communication channels
of more universal purpose.
DNI Dual Node Interconnection. The protection mode defined in G. 842 Recommendation
for the inter-ring service . By using the recommended protection modes, the protection
of the interconnecting service between two ring networks composed of the devices from
different manufacturers and in different protection modes can be realised. Moreover, in
case of fibre failure or node failure, services can also be protected.
Domain The domain of the NMS specifies the scope of address or functions which are available
to a certain user.
Dump Dump is a process of exporting alarm data from the database to the customized file and
meanwhile the exported data is cleared in the database.
E
ECC Embedded Control Channel. An ECC provides a logical operations channel between
SDH NEs, utilising a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.
EMU Environment Monitoring Unit. As one type of power and environment monitoring unit,
EMU is installed on the top of the OptiX 155/622H equipment cabinet to monitor the
environment variables, such as the power supply and temperature. With external signal
input through the relay, fire alarm, smoke alarm, burglary alarm, and so on can be
monitored as well. Displayed on the NMS, the change of environment can be monitored
timely and accurately.
Equipment set An aggregate of multiple managed equipment. Equipment set facilitates the user
authority management on equipment in the management domain of the NMS. If some
operation authorities over one equipment set are assigned to a user (user group), these
operation authorities over all equipment of the equipment set are assigned to the user
(user group).
F
Failure The fault cause persisted long enough to consider the ability of an item to perform a
required function to be terminated. The item may be considered as failed; a fault has now
been detected.
Fault A fault is the inability of a function to perform a required action. This does not include
an inability due to preventive maintenance, lack of external resources, or planned actions.
Filter The filter is used to filter the matched logs and have the unmatched one left.
Forced switch This command performs the ring switch from working channels to the protection
channels. This switch occurs regardless of the state of the protection channels, unless
the protection channels are satisfying a higher priority bridge request.
H
History alarms Alarms that have cleared and been acknowledged.
History performance The performance data stored in the history register and the auto-report performance data
data stored on the NMS are called history performance data in a unified way.
I
Intermediate office It refers to the equipment used for optical fibre management and dispatch in the
metropolitan area. It has multiple pairs of interfaces for the optical fibre connection.
Every two interfaces in a pair are connected with each other to form a longer physical
optical fibre path. The physical optical fibre path connecting the transmission equipment
can comprise two or more sections of optical fibre cascaded via the intermediate office.
There is an intermediate office information list for some fibre & cable connections, which
shows the section information about the fibre & cable.
In-Service Mode One of the test modes for submarine line. By using the in-service test mode , you can
test submarine cables and repeaters without damaging the existing services of the
submarine system.
Image (OS) Binary file, equivalent to the OS of the device and a part of the device version.
IP address In the TCP/IP protocol, it is used to uniquely identify the address of the communication
port, which consists of four bytes in decimal digits, for example, 129.9.161.55.
J
Jitter This index shows the delay stability of many Ping operations with the unit of ms.
L
Label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.
Layer A concept used to allow the transport network functionality to be described hierarchically
as successive levels; each layer being solely concerned with the generation and transfer
of its characteristic information.
LCT Local Craft Terminal. The LCT provides the user with single-layer management network
solutions to the transmission network of up to five NEs to realise integrated management
of multi-service transmission network. Usually it uses the cross-over cable or serial port
cable to connect one NE, so as to configure and maintain a single NE. See also U2000
LCT.
Licence A permission provided by a vendor to authorise the use of specific functions of a product.
Usually the licence consists of encrypted codes, and the operation authority varies with
different level of licence.
Link The link is responsible to transmit the data from one station to next neighbour station
correctly.
Lock NE login This function prohibits the users at lower levels from logging in NE and forces logged
NE users with lower level to log out.
M
Main Topology The default NMS client interface and all topology management functions are accessed
here.
Management The signal passing across an access point.
information
Manual switch When the protection channel is efficient and there is no higher-level switching request,
this mode switches the service from the working channel to the protection channel, thus
testing whether network still has the protection capability.
Manual test One of the test types for submarine line. You need to set test parameters manually, start
the test, and save the test result as the baseline of the in-service mode.
MO Managed Object. The management view of a resource within the telecommunication
environment that may be managed via the agent. Examples of SDH managed objects
are: equipment, receive port, transmit port, power supply, plug-in card, virtual container,
multiplex section, and regenerator section.
MS Multiplex Section. A multiplex section is the trail between and including two multiplex
section trail termination functions.
MSP Multiplex section protection. The nodes online achieve protection switching through the
K1 and K2 bytes in the multiplex section, including linear 1+1 MS protection switching
link, linear 1:n MS protection switching link, dedicated MS protection ring and shared
MS protection ring.
N
NE database There are three types of database on NE SCC board as following: (1) DRDB: a dynamic
database in a dynamic RAM, powered by battery; (2) SDB: a static database in a power-
down RAM; (3) FDB0, FDB0: permanently saved databases in a Flash ROM. In efficient
operation, the NE configuration data is saved in DRDB and SDB at the same time.
Backing up an NE database means backing up the NE configuration data from SDB to
FDB0 and FDB1.
NE Explorer NE Explorer is the main operation interface of the NMS. For easy navigation, the NE
Explorer window presents an expandable directory tree (Function Tree) in the lower left
pane. The configuration, management and maintenance of the equipment are accessed
here.
NE Network Element. NE includes the hardware unit and the software running on it. Usually,
one NE has at least an SCC (system control and communication) board which responsible
for the management and monitoring of the NE. The NE software runs on the SCC board.
NM Network Management. In the telecommunication management network structure, the
NMS is located between the NE level and network level, which can supports all functions
at NE level and part of the network level management functions. See also U2000.
NNI Network Node Interface. NNI identifies the interface between the ATM network nodes.
See also SDH NNI.
Node Node is one of the topology objects and the minimum unit that represents the device
displayed on the topological view. The device is displayed with the node icon on the
topological view. The type of the node includes the router, the switch and the 3rd-party
device and the virtual node.
O
Online help An indexed collection of information on all aspects of the NMS. They can be accessed
at any time from the Help menu or by pressing the F1 key.
Optical time domain OTDR is an optical fault locator and analysis tool for optical fiber networks. The OTDR
reflectormeter features a light, compact, hand-held design with an intelligent user interface that is easy
and quick to use. The color LCD display and backlight design makes testing work more
comfortable and convenient, whether during daylight or at night.
Out-of-Service Mode One of the test modes for submarine line. By transmitting detection light with high power,
the out-of-service test can detect the fiber status and repeater status, to realize the status
detection and fault point location after fiber cut. In general, when detecting that a line is
abnormal during a test in in-service mode, you can carry out a test in out-of-service mode
to locate the fault.
OWSP Optical Wavelength Shared Protection. OWSP is a bidirectional ring, where each node
is equipped with an OWSP. There are two channels (λ1 and λ2) in the main optical path
on the internal and external rings in each span on a ring. The fibre and the OWSP on the
main optical path are connected with the optical ports inputting λ1 and λ2 on the mux/
demux board (unnecessary to be connected with the OTU), and thus λ1 and λ2 can be
added and dropped at every node.
P
Path protection The working principle of path protection: When the system works in path protection
mode, the PDH path uses the dual-fed and signal selection mode. Through the tributary
unit and cross-connect unit, the tributary signal is sent simultaneously to the east and
west lines. Meanwhile, the cross-connect matrix sends the signal dually sent from the
opposite end to the tributary board through the active and standby buses, and the
hardware of the tributary board will selectively receive the signal from the two groups
of buses automatically according to the AIS number of the lower order path.
Path A trail in a path layer.
Performance register Performance register is the memory space for performance event counts, including 15-
min current performance register, 24-hour current performance register, 15-min history
performance register, 24-hour history performance register, UAT register and CSES
register.
Performance threshold Performance events usually have upper and lower thresholds. When the performance
event count value exceeds the upper threshold, a performance threshold-crossing event
is generated; when the performance event count value is below the upper threshold for
a period of time, the performance threshold-crossing event is ended. In this way,
performance jitter caused by some sudden events can be shielded.
PMU One type of power and environment monitoring unit.
Private line Both communication parties are connected permanently.
Procedure A generic term for an action.
Process A generic term for a collection of actions.
Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.
Protection strategy In case the service route provides multiple service protections, different protection
strategies can be selected as required. Protection strategy refers to the protection mode
given the priority in use for the trail: protection, no protection, and extra traffic. Of the
above, the protection preference is divided into trail protection and sub-network
connection protection.
Protection subnet The resources that form a protection subnetwork include NEs and fiber cables. The
creation of the protection subnetwork actually means that corresponding logical system
is configured for each NE by means of creating the protection subnetwork, the optical
interfaces (or VC4) of each board are mapped into the logical system, and then these
independent logical systems are connected with one another to form a complete network
structure.
Packets Loss Ratio This index shows the packet loss ratio after many Ping operations with the unit of %.
Poll Status The NMS polls the device status and other configuration data periodically and displays
the polling results on the topology view.
The polling status contains normal, unknown, off-line, light fault, subordinate fault,
important fault and urgent fault.
R
ROADM Reconfiguration Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing. ROADM helps you to terminate or
pass through any one wavelength at every node without affecting the existing services.
At the same time, ROADM can change wavelengths through the NMS remotely, to adjust
wavelengths added or dropped in a quick and convenient manner. In addition, ROADM
enables power equalization at path level through a built-in power equalization function,
and thus adjusts power for pass-through paths in a better way than a band-based dynamic
gain equalizer (DGE) does.
Route The IP route selection is in table driving mode. In each host and each router of the Internet,
there is a routing table that contains information about how the service is transmitted
from the source to the sink, providing a basis for route selection. Ethernet static routing
in ET1 refers to the mapping relationship between the Ethernet port and the bound path.
Its routing type includes port routing and VLAN routing. Port routing: It means
configuring a route between the Ethernet port and the bound path port, which is usually
used for point-to-point networking communication; VLAN routing: It means configuring
a route between the Ethernet port and the bound path port based on the VLAN service.
It can be used flexibly in point-to-point, point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint
communication. The implementation is to divide and converge the data stream according
to the VLAN flag of the packet. As a VLAN flag can be added to the Ethernet port, the
equipment can be applied more flexibly.
Report The report that is generated manually in a real-time fashion.
RTT RTT is the round trip time, which is the time delay of the ping task.
S
Script file It is the text file describing the physical information and configuration information of
the entire network, including the NE configuration file, port naming file, end-to-end
configuration file, NE physical view script file, NM information file and service
implementation data script file.
Schedule Task The report on schedule task that is generated at a interval along with the periodical
running of the schedule tasks.
Script A list of instructions for performing a specific task or action, written in a scripting
language.
SDH NNI SDH Network Node Interface. It is applied to build communications connection with
the equipment beyond the NMS management area. Usually, the NM creates an SDH NNI
by creating a logical system on the port of an idle line board, and the NE must be a TM
without protection and fibre connection.
Section A trail in a section layer.
Settings Parameters of an operation that can be selected by the user.
Severity See Alarm Severity.
Subnet mask Also referred to as the network mask off code, it is used to define network segments, so
that only the computers in the same network segment can communicate with one another,
thus suppressing broadcast storm between different network segments.
Subnet number Subnetwork number is used to differentiate the different network sections in the sub-
network conference. Actually it is the first several digits (one or two) of the user phone
number. An orderwire phone number is composed of the sub-network number and the
user number.
Subnet Sub-network is the logical entity in the transmission network and comprises a group of
network management objects. A sub-network can contain NEs and other sub-networks.
A sub-network planning can better the organisation of a network view.
Support The frame on the bottom of a cabinet, when installing the cabinet on the antistatic floor.
Synchronise NE time Send the system time of the NMS server to NEs so as to synchronise all NEs with the
server.
T
T2000 The T2000 is a subnetwork management system (SNMS). In the TMN architecture, the
T2000 is located between the NE level and network level, which can supports all function
of NE-level and part of the network-level management functions. See also NM.
T2100 The T2100 is a network level management system for the optical transmission network,
and is located in the network management layer (NML) in the telecommunication
management network (TMN) architecture.
TDA clock source TDA is short for Tone Data Access. For the 2500+ NE equipment, it can be installed
with the external TDA board for which the clock source must be set so that the TDA
board can switch according to the set clock source sequence when clock source switching
occurs.
TMN Telecommunications Management Network. The entity which provides the means used
to transport and process information related to management functions for the
telecommunications network.
Topology The NMS topology is a basic component of the man-machine interactive interface. The
topology clearly shows the structure of the network, the alarms of different NEs, sub-
networks in the network, the communication status as well as the basic network operation
status.
Trail management A network level management function of the NMS. Through trail management, you can
function configure end-to-end services, view graphic interface and visual routes of a trail, query
detailed information of a trail, filter, search and locate a trail quickly, manage and
maintain trails in a centralised manner, manage alarms and performance data by trail,
and print a trail report.
Trail A trail is a kind of transport entity, mainly engaged in transferring signal from the input
of the trail source to the output of the trail sink, and monitoring the integrality of the
transferred signal. According to the different levels of the trail, the trail includes various
types (OTS, OCH, OMS, SPI, RS, MS, VC4 server trail, VC4, VC3 and VC12). Among
them, OTS, OCH and OMS represent the trails in a DWDM layer network. For the ADM
and TM equipment in the SDH network, each optical fibre connection corresponds to an
SPI, RS or MS trail, and a trail is the general name for service carriers, including SDH
and PDH services.
Tributary loopback A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback to each path of the
tributary board. There are three kinds of loopback modes: No loopback, Outloop and
Inloop.
Threshold The alarm range will be defined after the performance data is collected. The threshold
contains the upper and lower one, related with the unit and index.
U
U2000 To be oriented to the future network trend, the iManager U2000 that is the unifed network
management system (NMS) combines all-IP and FMC, and manages carrier equipment
and access equipment in a centralized manner.
UAT Unavailable Time. A UAT event is reported when the monitored object generates 10
consecutive severely errored seconds (SES) and the SESs begin to be included in the
unavailable time. The event will end when the bit error ratio per second is better than
10-3 within 10 consecutive seconds.
UNI UNI is the abbreviation for User Network Interface. It identifies the interface between
the user and the ATM network node.
Unprotected Services transmitted through an ordinary way, once a failure or interruption occurs, the
data cannot be restored for lack of protection mechanism.
Upload Report all or part of the configuration data of the NE to the NM and overwrite the
configuration data saved in the NE layer on the NM side.
User group User set refers to the set of NMS users with the same management authorities. The default
user group includes: system administrator, system maintainer, system operator and
system supervisor. The attributes of user set include name and detailed description.
User The user of the NMS client, and the user and his/her password define the corresponding
authority of operation and management of the NMS.
V
VC4 loopback The fault of each VC4 path on the optical fibre can be located by setting loopback for
each VC4 path of the line. There are three kinds of loopback modes: No loopback,
Outloop, Inloop.
VC4 server trail The path rate of the VC4 server trail is 150.336Mbit/s. The VC4 server trail provides
transparent channels (that is, circuit group) for circuit-layer network nodes (for example,
a switch) in a path-layer network, and acts as the basic unit of inter-office communication
path. When the VC4 server trail is configured, only the higher order cross-connection of
VC4 is generated in the intermediate NE, but no cross-connection is generated at the two
ends, that is, no service is added/dropped. Therefore, the VC4 server trail is not a
traditional service. It is only the basis for VC3 and VC12 trail creation.
VCI The VCI, shorted for Virtual Channel Identifier, occupies 16 bits in both NNI cell or
UNI cell. It indicates the virtual channel in the path. The VPI and VCI together indicate
a virtual connection.
View Organize and display rules and filter conditions of the topology data. Customize the view
according to requirements of every product and organize the data in the view displayed
by the topology module, such as the layer 2 view, VPN view and IP view. By default,
the platform provides the physical view. The topology view can be planned according
to the domain, maintenance relationship and so on.
Edits and displays the rule of the topology data or the filter conditions. It can be tailored
according to the requirements
Virtual fibre A virtual fibre is created between SDH equipment that has WDM equipment in between.
From SDH equipment perspective, creation of virtual fibres disassociates its fibre
connection with WDM equipment and prevents impact on the auto fibre search function,
ensuring independence of SDH trail management.From WDM equipment perspective,
its service bearer layer is a virtual fibre instead of a true one after the virtual fibre is
created. Deletion of the true fibre does not affect trail management.
Virtual NE Like a common NE, a virtual NE is also displayed with an icon on a view, but it is only
an NE simulated according to the practical situation, which does not represents an actual
NE. Therefore, the actual status of this NE cannot be queried and its alarm status cannot
be displayed with colours. Usually, when the trail management function is used for the
NEs or sub-networks the NMS cannot manage, or the equipment is interconnected with
other vendors NEs for service configuration, the end-to-end service configuration
method and the trail management capability are provided.
VLAN ID Namely, it is the virtual LAN identifier. One Ethernet port can support 4K VLAN routes,
and one NE can support up to 8K VLAN routes.
VPI The VPI, shorted for Virtual Path Identifier, occupies 12 bits in the NNI cell, and 8 bits
in the UNI cell.
Wavelength protection The wavelength protection group is important to describe the wavelength protection
group structure. Its function is similar to that of the protection sub-network in the SDH NE.
The wavelength path protection can only work with the correct configuration of the
wavelength protection group.
WDM service The WDM service is accessed at the client side of the OTU board that can access SAN
services.
Web LCT In the TMN architecture, the Web LCT is located in the NE management level, which
can manage the RTN series and NG WDM series equipment.
Working path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labelled working.
WTR time A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can
be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal traffic
signal from.
WTR Wait to Restore. This command is issued when working channels meet the restoral
threshold after an SD or SF condition. It is used to maintain the state during the WTR
period unless it is pre-empted by a higher priority bridge request.
WXCP Wavelength Cross-Connection Protection. It is a path protection type for ring networks.
In this protection mode, services are switched between the primacy and secondary rings
through cross-connection based on the dual fed signal selection principle.