Ideas For Topics - Ielts Writng Task 2 - Ielts Fighter 2020

IELTS Fighter - Trung Tâm Luyện Thi IELTS số 1 Việt Nam
Website: ielts-fighter.com | Hotline: 0903 411 666

Fanpage: www.facebook.com/ielts.fighter/
Group: www.facebook.com/groups/ieltsfighter.support/
Mục lục
1. ADVERTISING.....................................................................................................................................11
2. ANIMAL RIGHTS.............................................................................................................................16
3. CITIES.................................................................................................................................................23
4. CRIME....................................................................................................................................................27
5. EDUCATION...........................................................................................................................................36
6. ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................................50
7. FAMILY..................................................................................................................................................58
8. GENDER.................................................................................................................................................64
9. GENETIC ENGINEERING.........................................................................................................................66
10. GLOBAL ISSUES............................................................................................................................69
11. GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY..............................................................................................................75
12. GUNS AND WEAPONS........................................................................................................................84
13. HEALTH...............................................................................................................................................92
14. HOUSING AND ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................102
15. LANGUAGE...................................................................................................................................105
16. MONEY...........................................................................................................................................108
17. PERSONALITY.............................................................................................................................111
18. SPORT AND LEISURE.................................................................................................................118
19. TELEVISION, INTERNET, PHONES.........................................................................................124
20. TOURISM.......................................................................................................................................133
21. TRADITIONAL VS. MODERN....................................................................................................136
22. TRANSPORT..................................................................................................................................139
23. WATER...........................................................................................................................................143
24. WORK.............................................................................................................................................150
IDEAS FOR IELTS TOPIC – IELTS FIGHTER

Tổng hợp 1 số chia sẻ hay của IELTS Fighter:
 IELTS là gì? Tất tần tật về kỳ thi IELTS: XEM NGAY

Thang điểm IELTS và cách tính điểm chuẩn nhất:XEM NGAY
Đề thi thử IELTS, tổng hợp đề thi IELTS hay: XEM NGAY
Top 7 địa chỉ học IELTS tốt ở Hà Nội:
Khóa học Grammar for IELTS online:XEMXEMNGAYNGAY
15 cuốn sách học IELTS cho người mất gốc: XEM NGAY
Lộ trình tự học IELTS online từ 0-5.0: XEM NGAY
Lộ trình tự học IELTS online từ 5.0-6.5: XEM NGAY
Lộ trình tự học IELTS tại nhà từ 0-7.0 IELTS:
Khóa học IELTS Listening online: XEM NGAY
Trọn bộ Cambridge IELTS có giải chi tiết: TẢI NGAY
XEM NGAY
Ngoài ra, để học tập hiệu quả hơn, các bạn cùng theo dõi những kênh của IELTS Fighter nhé:
Website: ielts-fighter.com | Hotline: 0903 411 666
Instagram: instagram.com/ieltsfighter
Tiktok: vt.tiktok.com/68Uo7D
Group: facebook.com/groups/ieltsfighter.support
Youtube: youtube.com/ieltsfighter
Lời nói đầu:
Các em thân mến,
Trong cuốn IELTS Writing task 2 do IELTS Fighter biên soạn các thầy cô đã dành
thời gian nói khá rõ trong việc lên ý tưởng cho một bài thi viết IELTS. Cô trích lại
3 đoạn sau để các em hiểu rõ hơn về tầm quan trọng của Ideas nhé!
Chính vì vậy mà các thầy cô tại IELTS Fighter đã chung tay cùng nhau biên soạn ra
cuốn sách Ideas for IELTS topics để giúp các em có thêm ý cho IELTS writing task
2.
Cuốn sách được tham khảo từ cuốn sách về Ideas for IELTS của tác giả Adam
Smith và Simon, tuy nhiên các thầy cô đã chỉnh sửa lại cho phù hợp với các học
sinh Việt Nam để giúp các em học tập tốt hơn.
Ěặc biệt cuốn sách còn được các thầy cô dành rất nhiều tời gian và công sức để
giải thích các Ideas và ghi chú các từ vựng cùng các cụm từ liên quan để giúp các
em học tập tốt hơn.
Cuốn sách được bố trí như sau:

Trong đó:
 Phần 1: Các topic thường xuất hiện trong IELTS ( gồm 24 topics)
Phần 2: Các đề thường gặp trong Topics
Phần 3: Các ideas được nêu ra cho vấn đề trên.
Phần 4: Giải thích các ideas và các từ vựng , ý... đi kèm với các ideas
Như vậy, với cách xây dựng tài liệu như trên cǜng như các chủ đề xuyên suốt của IELTS thì các cô tin
Ěây sẽ là tài liệu không thể thiếu trong khi luyện viết IELTS mà trung tâm dành tặng các em:
Một số “chia sẻ” hữu ích của IELTS FIGHTER
➤ Giải đáp 20 thắc mắc về IELTS: TẠI ĐÂY

➤ Cấu trúc đề thi IELTS 2019 cần chú ý: TẠI ĐÂY
➤Lộ trình tự học IELTS cho người mới bắt đầu tới 5.0 Online: TẠI Đ ÂY
➤Hướng dẫn tự học IELTS Speaking từ 0-7.0: TẠI ĐÂY
➤ Tài liệu từ học lên 7.5 cho người mới bắt đầu: Download
➤ Tài liệu tự học từ 4.5 lên 7.5 chọn lọc: Download
➤ 570 từ vựng Academic hay - dễ học (có app): download
➤ IELTS Speaking Vocabulary band 7.5+: download
➤ Cuốn sách IELTS Writing từ A-Z: download
➤ TOP 7 trung tâm luyện thi IELTS tốt nhất Hà Nội: Xem chi tiết
Bạn tìm hiểu Lịch khai giảng IELTS Fighter: XEM NGAY
QUYỂN SÁCH NÀY DÀNH CHO AI?
IDEAS for IELTS Topics là quyển sách phù hợp cho các giáo viên và học viên có
ít thời gian cho việc luyện thi IELTS. Cuốn sách này cǜng phù hợp với những học
viên bí ý tưởng hoặc ý kiến về các chủ đề thường gặp trong phần thi Viết của
IELTS. Lưu ý rằng, cho dù ngữ pháp của bạn có hoàn hảo đi chĕng nữa thì bạn
cǜng sẽ không đạt được điểm cao nếu bạn không biết viết về cái gì.
Quyển sách này nhằm giúp các bạn học viên tự tin rằng họ có những ý tưởng, ý
kiến, và từ vựng tuyệt vời về nhiều chủ đề trong kǶ thi IELTS writing.
LÀM THẾ NÀO ĚỂ ĚẠT 7.0 IELTS HOẶC CAO HƠN?
Bí quyết để đạt được điểm cao trong phần thi IELTS writing không chỉ là ngữ
pháp, không chỉ là việc dung các từ như “moreover”, “in addition”, không chỉ là
việc dung
các cụm như “this is controversial issue nowadays”, mà còn là việc bạn cần phải sử
dụng các “topic language” một cách phù hợp.
“Topic language” ở đây được hiểu là các từ hoặc cụm từ có liên quan đến chủ đề
câu hỏi. Bạn cần những ý tưởng tốt để trả lời tốt một câu hỏi.
LÀM THẾ NÀO CHUẨN BỊ CHO IELTS WRITING TASK 2?
Có rất nhiều lời khuyên được đưa ra trong quyển sách này. Dưới đây tôi xin tóm tắt
lại những điều mà tôi đề xuất:
 Dành nhiều thời gian chuẩn bị hơn là làm bài kiểm tra
Khi chúng ta làm một bài test, chúng ta sẽ xác định được nĕng lực của mình
hiện đang ở mức nào. Tuy nhiên, chúng ta không học thêm được điều gì mới
cả. Bạn sẽ không thể cải thiện được nếu bạn chỉ viết các bài essays. Trước khi
viết một essay, chúng ta nên nghiên cứu chủ đề và chuẩn bị ý tưởng, ý kiến, và
từ vựng.
 Sao chép ý tưởng của tôi (giới thiệu trong cuốn sách này)
Nếu bạn chỉ sử dụng các từ vựng mà bạn đã biết, bạn sẽ không học thêm được
điều gì mới, và sẽ không thể nào cải thiện được nĕng lực của mình. Ěiều bạn
cần làm là thực hành kết nối các ý tưởng của tôi lại với nhau và viết một essay
hoàn hảo.
 Sử dụng quyển sách này cùng các tài liệu khác của ILETS Fighter
Cuốn sách này đi kèm với các bộ tài liệu do chính Trung tâm luyện thi IELTS
Fighter biên soạn – đặc biệt là bộ tài liệu IELTS Writing task 1+2. Các bạn có
thể dễ dàng tìm thấy và tải miễn phí các tài liệu này tại website và fanpage của
IELTS Fighter.
LÀM THẾ NÀO SỬ DỤNG NHỮNG Ý TƯỞNG NÀY?

Một trong những cách bạn có thể làm là luyện tập viết các đoạn vĕn sử dụng các ý
tưởng trong sách này
Sau đây là một vài ý tưởng về chủ đề The benefits of mobile phones:
 The mobile phone is the most popular gadget in today’s world.

 We can stay in touch with family, friends and colleagues wherever we are.
 Users can send text messages, surf the Internet, take photos and listen to
music.
 Mobiles have also become fashion accessories.
 Mobile phones have revolutionized the way we communicate.
Bằng cách kết nối những ý tưởng này và thêm thắt một vài thứ, chúng ta có
thể viết một đoạn vĕn như sau:
The mobile phone has become the most popular gadget in today’s world. The
reason for this is that it is portable and versatile. Mobile phones are now carried
at all times by most people, allowing us to stay in touch with family, friends and
colleagues wherever we are. Furthermore, they now have many more
functions than a standard telephone; mobile phone users can send text
messages, surf the Internet, take photos and listen to music, as well as making
calls. Mobiles have become fashion accessories, and they have revolutionized
the way we communicate.
(93 words)
TỪ Ý TƯỞNG ĐẾN ĐOẠN VĂN

Khi Viết IELTS, chúng ta nên dành thời gian lên ý tưởng cho những đoạn văn ở phần
thân bài trước khi bắt đầu vào viết (xem lại cuốn sách IELTS Writing target 7+ để
tìm hiểu kĩ hơn). Bây giờ hãy cùng tìm hiểu cách kết nối những ý tưởng lại
với nhau để tạo thành một đoạn văn hoành chỉnh qua ví dụ dưới đây. Đây là câu
hỏi:
The main reason people go to work is to earn money.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Sau đây là các ý tưởng cho một đoạn văn:
 Agree that money is the main reason people work

 People look at salary first, they rarely take a salary cut
 Need to live, pay bills, food etc.
 Look after our families, save for the future
 Otherwise, most people would probably choose not to work
Kết nối những ý tưởng trên, chúng ta có đoạn như sau:
I agree that the majority of people work in order to earn money. Before taking
any other factors into account, it is normal to first consider the salary that a
particular post offers, and it is rare to hear of a person who happily takes a cut
in pay when beginning a new job. We all need money to pay for our basic
necessities, such as accommodation, bills and food. Many adults also have
families who depend on the wages they earn, and at the same time they are
conscious of the need to save for the future. If we no longer needed money, I
doubt most of us would choose to continue in our jobs. (116 words)
Contents
1. ADVERTISING.................................................................................................................................11
2. ANIMAL RIGHTS............................................................................................................................16
3. CITIES...............................................................................................................................................23
4. CRIME..............................................................................................................................................27
5. EDUCATION....................................................................................................................................36
6. ENVIRONMENT..............................................................................................................................50
7. FAMILY............................................................................................................................................58
8. GENDER...........................................................................................................................................64
9. GENETIC ENGINEERING...............................................................................................................66
10. GLOBAL ISSUES.........................................................................................................................69
11. GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY.................................................................................................75
12. GUNS AND WEAPONS...............................................................................................................84
13. HEALTH.......................................................................................................................................92
14. HOUSING AND ARCHITECTURE...........................................................................................102
15. LANGUAGE...............................................................................................................................105
16. MONEY.......................................................................................................................................108
17. PERSONALITY..........................................................................................................................111
18. SPORT AND LEISURE..............................................................................................................118
19. TELEVISION, INTERNET, PHONES........................................................................................124
20. TOURISM...................................................................................................................................133
21. TRADITIONAL VS. MODERN..................................................................................................136
22. TRANSPORT..............................................................................................................................139
23. WATER.......................................................................................................................................143
24. WORK.........................................................................................................................................150
1. ADVERTISING
IDE EXPLANATIO
AS Positives of advertising NS
Advertising is a key part of modern
business To be a key part of sth: Là một
phần quan trọng, một phần then chốt
= To play an important role in sth
To tell sb about sth: Nói cho ai đó biết

Companies need to tell customers về việc gì đó
about their products and services
Tuy nhiên, chúng ta cũng có các cách
dùng:
- To remind sb of sth
- To notify sb of sth
- To inform sb of/about sth
Advertisements inform us about the Choice (n): Sự lựa chọn

choices we have
= Option (n)
A creative industry (n): Một ngành công

Advertising is a creative industry that
employs many people nghiệp sáng tạo
Chúng ta dùng Industry (n) chỉ ngành
nghề, lĩnh vực. Ví dụ:
- Banking Industry
- Entertainment Industry
Without advertising we would have Without sth: Nếu không có sth

less choice
Higher unemployment (n): Tình trạng

thất nghiệp cao hơn
Employ sb (v): Thuê ai đó làm việc
Without advertising there would be Employment (n): Sự thuê lao
higher unemployment động Employer (n): Chủ thuê lao
động Employee (n): Nhân viên
Employed (adj): Đang được thuê
Unemployed (adj): Thất nghiệp
Advertising is a form of modern art To be a form of sth: Là một dạng của…
People enjoy adverts To enjoy sth (v): Thích, thưởng thức

= To be interested in sth
= To be keen on sth
= To be fond of sth
Negatives of Advertising
To manipulate sb (v): Kiểm soát hoặc ảnh

Advertising manipulates people hưởng người khác theo một cách không
trung thực
To manipulate sb into sth/ doing sth
To aim to persuade people: Nhằm mục

It aims to persuade people that đích thuyết phục người ta
buying a product will make them
happier To aim to do sth
To persuade people to do sth
= To convince people to sth do sth
Advertisers focus on selling a brand To focus on (v): Tập trung vào việc gì đó
image
= To concentrate on sth/doing sth
They use glamorous, successful Glamorous (adj): Thu hút, phấn khích, nổi
people bật
A consumer culture (n): Nền văn hóa tiêu

dùng
Chúng ta cũng có một số cụm từ có liên

We now live in a consumer culture quan như:
A consumer society: Một xã hội mà
việc mua bán được xem như rất quan
trọng Consumer confidence: Niềm tin
người tiêu dùng
Consumer spending: Chi tiêu người
tiêu dùng
Be persuaded to do sth: Được

We are persuaded to follow the
latest trend thuyết phục làm chuyện gì đó
To persuade sb to do sth
To follow the latest trend: Đuổi theo xu
hướng mới nhất
To be encouraged to do sth:
We are encouraged to associate Được khuyến khích làm chuyện gì
certain brands with a higher status đó
To associate certain brands with a
higher status: Gắn liền một số
thương hiệu với địa vị xã hội cao
To associate sth/sb with sth/sb
Advertisers often aim their marketing To aim sth at sb: Nhằm cái gì vào ai đó
at children
Can easily influenced: Có thể dễ dàng bị
Children can easily be influenced by ảnh hưởng
advertisements = Can easily affected
To influence sth/sb
To affect sth/sb
Children put pressure on parents to To put pressure on sb: Làm áp lực lên ai
buy them things
đó
= To pressure on sb to do sth
= To be under pressure to do sth
Opinions about Advertising
Should be regulated: Nên được kiểm soát

Advertising should be regulated To regulate sth
= To control sth by means of rules
Advertising aimed at children To aim at sb: Nhằm vào ai đó

should be controlled or even banned
= To target sb/sth
Unhealthy foods should not be To attract sb: Thu hút ai đó

marketed in a way that attracts
children = To appeal to sb
Products that can be risk to health To be risk to sth/sb: Có thể gây hại cho
should display warnings
= To harm sb/sth
In some countries it is illegal to To be illegal: Phạm pháp

advertise cigarettes on television
>< To be legal: Hợp pháp, pháp lý
Warnings must be displayed on To be displayed on sth: Hiển thị, thể hiện
cigarette packets
trên cái gì đó
However, advertising is necessary in

free market economies A free market economy (n): Một nền
kinh tế thị trường tự do
It creates demand for products To create demand for sth: Tạo ra nhu cầu
về cái gì đó
To meet/ satisfy the demand: Đáp
ứng, thỏa mãn nhu cầu
Governments should only censor To censor sth: Loại bỏ phần không được
false information or products that kiểm duyệt
are harmful
= To remove the parts of sth
2. ANIMAL RIGHTS
IDE EXPLANATIO
AS NS
Arguments for Animal Testing
Animals are used in important Scientific research (n):

scientific research Nghiên cứu khoa học
= Scientific study
To do medical tests on new

It is necessary to do medical tests drugs: Thực hiện kiểm tra trên
on new drugs các loại thuốc mới
To do tests on sth
Bên cạnh đó, chúng ta còn học
được cụm
It is necessary to do sth
To advance knowledge:
Animal testing helps to advance
medical and scientific knowledge/ Nâng cao kiến thức
medical breakthroughs = To develop and improve
knowledge
Medical breakthroughs: Đột phá

về y học
Make/ Achieve
a breakthrough
Many important medical

discoveries involved A medical discovery (n): Một
experimentation on animals sự khám phá về y học
To involve sth: Bao gồm, liên quan
= To include sth
= To engage sth
Researchers aim to minimize the To minimize sth: Giảm thiểu cái gì

suffering that animals experience
đó
= To reduce sth to the lowest
possible level
Testing for the cosmetics industry To be banned: Bị cấm

is now banned in many countries
= To get banned
= To be forbidden
= To be prohibited
Some medical or scientific Scientific experiments (n):
experiments simply cannot be Thí nghiệm khoa học
done on humans
Arguments against Animal Testing
The benefits of research using To justify sth: Bào chữa, biện hộ,
animals do not justify the suffering giải thích cho sth
caused
= To defend sth
To publish sth: Xuất bản

It is cruel if it is just done to publish = To publish a book
papers
= To release a book
= To issue a book
An alternative method (n): Một

There are alternative methods of phương pháp thay thế
research
Lưu ý alternative có thể là một
danh từ
Take an alternative
= Take another option
Computer simulation can be used Simulation (n): Giả lập

in most cases
The lives of animals should be Life (n) Mạng sống (Singular noun)
respected
Plural noun: Lives (n)
Humans have no moral right to do To have no right to do sth:

experiments on animals
Không có quyền làm chuyện gì đó
Arguments for Vegetarianism

Vegetarians do not eat foods that To produce sth: Sản xuất
are produced by killing animals
Many people choose a vegetarian A vegetarian diet (n): Chế độ ăn

diet for moral or health reasons kiêng theo kiểu ăn chay, ăn chay
Moral reasons (n) Lý do về đạo
đức
Morality (n)
A healthy diet is possible without A healthy diet (n): Chế độ ăn

eating meat
kiêng lành mạnh
>< Unhealthy (adj)
It is unnecessary to kill animal for

food It is (un)necessary to do sth:
Cần/ không cần làm chuyện gì đó
A vegetarian diet may reduce the To reduce the risk of

risk of disease like cancer disease: Giảm rủi ro bệnh tật
To reduce the risk of sth
>< To pose the risk
Many people question the To question sth: Đặt câu hỏi,

treatment of animals in nghi ngờ về vấn đề gì đó
factory farms = To have doubts/ suspicions about
sth
= to doubt sth/ sb
Arguments against Vegetarianism

Vegetarians do not eat a A balanced diet (n): Chế độ ăn
balanced diet
kiêng cân bằng, phù hợp
In many cultures, meat is the main The main ingredient in sth (n):
ingredient in traditional meals Nguyên liệu chính trong món/ thứ
gì đó
Meat-eaters argue that animals

are below humans in the food Meat – eaters (n): Người không
chain ăn chay, người ăn mặn
Canivore (n): Động vật ăn thịt
The food chain (n): Chuỗi thức ăn
It is completely natural for us to Natural (adj): Tự nhiên, bản năng,

kill them for food bình thường
Our aim should be improve Farming methods (n): Các

farming methods
biện pháp nông nghiệp
Farms should produce organic Organic food (n): Thực phẩm hữu
food
cơ
Positives of Zoos
To play an important role: Đóng

Zoos play an important role in vai trò quan trọng
wildlife conservation
= To be a key part in sth
Wildlife conservation (n): Bảo tồn
đời sống hoang dã
To conserve sth
To protect sth/sb: Bảo vệ
Endangered species (n): Các
loài đang gặp nguy hiểm
They can help to protect Dangerous species (n): Các loài
endangered species
động vật nguy hiểm
Zoos allow scientists to To allow sb to do sth: Cho phép ai

study animals and their
behavior đó làm chuyện gì đó
Trong ngữ cảnh này,
= To enable sb to do sth
Zoos are educational, interesting

and fun Educational (adj): Mang tính
giáo dục
Children, in particular, enjoy In particular: Nói riêng

learning about animals
In general: Nói chung
To provide sth: Cung cấp cái gì

Zoos provide job opportunities. đó
Job opportuny (n): Cơ hội
việc làm
Chúng ta có một số cụm như
Job
opening
Job
Negatives vacancy
of Zoos
Artificial environment (n): Môi

trường nhân tạo
Zoo animals are kept in artificial Ngoài ra chúng ta có một số cụm
environments
khác như
An artificial limb
An artificial sweetener
They are kept in cages or have Limited space (n): Không gian
limited space
giới hạn
= Narrow/ Insufficient space
Zoo animals rely on humans To rely on sb/sth: Phụ thuộc

= To depend on sb/sth
They lose the freedom to hunt To lose the freedom: Mất sự tự do

for food
= To give up his freedom
= To surrender his freedom
They best way to save Natural habitats (n): Môi

endangered species is by
protecting natural habitats trường sống tự nhiên
Some people believe that zoos To be unethical: Không đúng về

are unethical
mặt đạo đức
= To be immoral
Ethical = Moral
Zoos exhibits animals with the aim

of making money To exhibit sth: Trưng bày, triển lãm
With the aim of sth: Với mục đích
…
= With the purpose of …
We have no right to use animals for entertainment andTo
profit
have right to do sth: Có quyền làm chuyện
3. CITIES
IDE EXPLANATIO
AS NS
Reasons for Urbanization
People move to cities in search of In search of sth: Để tìm kiếm sth

job opportunities
= To seek (for) sth
= To search for sth
Cities offer greater employment

possibilities and a higher standard Employment possibility (n): Cơ
of living hội nghề nghiệp
= Job opportunity
Standard of living (n): Tiêu
chuẩn sống, mức sống
People migrate to cities from the To migrate (v): Di chuyển nơi ở

countryside To emigrate (v): Định cư ở
quốc gia khác
To immigrate (v): Nhập cư
Traditional activities like farming

Farming (n): Nông nghiệp
need fewer workers nowadays
Negatives of City Life
Life in cities has its drawbacks Drawback (n): Một khuyết

điểm, nhược điểm
= A disadvantage of sth
The cost of living is higher than in The cost of living (n): Chi phí
rural areas sinh hoạt
= Living expenses (n)
Some people do not manage to

find work To manage to do sth: Xoay sở
làm chuyện gì đó
Do not manage to do sth
= To fail to do sth
= To be unable to do sth
Housing is usually much more Housing (n): Nơi ở

expensive
= Accommodation
Homelessness and poverty are Homeless (adj): Vô gia cư

common on cities
Poverty (n) Nghèo khổ
Poor (adj)
To be common (adj): Phổ biến
= To be popular
There is a gap between rich and A gap (n): Khoảng cách

poor
Gap year
Life in cities can be extremely To be stressful (adj)
stressful
= To be under pressure/ tension
There are problems like traffic

congestion or traffic jams and Traffic congestion (n): Ách
crime tắc giao thông
= Traffic jam
Cities lack a sense of community

A sense of community (n):
Tính cộng đồng
People do not even know their Neighbor (n): Hàng xóm

neighbor(s)
Cities are sometimes described as To be described as sth: Được

“concrete jungles”. mô tả như là …
Pedestrian areas
Pedestrian (n): Người bộ hành

Pedestrian zones in city centre can Zone (n): Khu vực
improve the local environment
Chúng ta có một số cụm dùng với
zone như
An industrial
zone A war zone
Banning cars encourages people To encourage sb to do sth:

to walk or cycle Khuyến khích ai đó làm chuyện
gì đó
Many European cities have built Bicycle lane (n): Làn đường dành
bicycle lanes
cho xe đạp
Dependence on sth (n): Sự

Dependence on cars is linked to
health problems like obesity phụ thuộc
>< Independence
To be linked to sth: Liên

quan, dẫn tới
Trong câu này
= To lead to sth
People who walk or cycle regularly Generally (adj): Nhìn chung

are generally healthier
Pedestrian areas are safer and Resident (n): Cư dân của một
more attractive for both residents
and tourists vùng nào đó
Residence (n)
Residential (adj)
4. CRIME
IDEAS EXPLANATIONS
Police and Crime Prevention
The job of the polices is to catch To catch criminals: Bắt tội phạm
criminals
They must also prevent crime and To prevent crime: Ngăn chặn
make communities safer tội phạm
= To deter/ stop a crime
>< To carry out/ commit a crime
There should be an increase in the An increase (n): Tăng

number of police officers on the
streets >< A decrease (n): Giảm
Police officers should be seen as Should be seen as sb/sth: Nên

part of the community
được nhìn nhận như là
They should be involved Be involved with sth: Quan tâm

with education and
prevention đến sth
= Pay attention to sth
The police should be in close To be in close contact with sb:

contact with schools Liên hệ thường xuyên, gần gũi
với ai đó
They should focus on young To drop out of school: Nghỉ
people who have dropped out of học, bỏ học
school To focus on: Tập trung vào
= To concentrate on sth
These teenagers may become Be involved with sth: Liên

involved with gangs quan, dính líu
Gang (n): Nhóm tội phạm
Một số từ vựng có liên
quan: A street gang
A gang of pickpockets
Punishments/ Prisons
Fines are used as punishment for Fine (n): Tiền phạt

minor crimes
= Penalty fee
If the crime is more serious, prison is Prison (n): Nhà tù

the most common punishment
Một số cụm hay dùng như sau:
To send sb to prison
To be in prison
To pose a threat: Tạo ra mối

Some criminals pose a threat to nguy hiểm
society = To present a threat
Một số cụm hay dùng như sau:
To be under threat
The threat from
sth To face a
threat
They are put in prison to ensure the To ensure the safety: Đảm
safety of other citizens bảo tính an toàn
Negatives of Prisons
Criminals are put together

Criminal (n): Tội phạm
To be put = To be placed
They make friends with Offender (n): Tội phạm

other offenders
= Criminal (n)
Many prisoners re-offend when

they are released To be released (v): Được thả
ra (tù)
Offend (v) Tấn công, phạm tội
= To commit a crime
A criminal record makes finding a

job more difficult A criminal record (n): Hồ sơ
tiền án
Rehabilitation
Another aim of prisons is Rehabilitation (n) (Trong chủ

rehabilitation đề này): Quy trình giúp đỡ một
người tái hòa nhập cộng đồng sau
khi ra tù
Prisoners receive education of

vocational training Vocational training (n): Đào
tạo nghề
Vocational school (n) Trường
dạy nghề
Prisoners should learn personal skills Personal skill (n): Kỹ năng giao
and specific job skills
tiếp, kỹ năng cá nhân
Punishment could make prisoners’ Punishment (n): Hình phạt, sự trừng

behavior worse phạt
Rehabilitation aims to make them To aim to do sth: Nhằm mục

better citizens đích nào đó
= To aim at doing sth
Rehabilitated prisoners are less To rehabilitate sb: Tái hòa nhập

likely to re-offend
cho người mới ra tù
Capital Punishment
Supporters say that capital Capital punishment (n): Tử hình

punishment deters crime
= Death sentence (n)
= Death penalty (n)
Fear of the death penalty stops To stop sb from doing sth: Dừng/
people from committing offences
ngăn chặn ai đó làm việc gì đó
= To prevent sb from doing sth
To commit offences = To commit

crimes
The death penalty shows that To tolerate sb/sth: Tha thứ

crime is not tolerated
= To put up with sb/sth
It is a form of revenge Revenge (n/v): Trả thù
Một số cụm từ có liên quan
To take revenge on sth/sb
To seek revenge for sth/sb
The cost of imprisonment To imprison sb: Bỏ tù ai đó

is avoided
= To put sb in a prison
= To jail sb
The offender cannot pose a threat To pose a threat: Gây ra mối

to others nguy hiểm
= To create a threat
Against Capital Punishment
Innocent people could be wrongly To convict sb of sth: Chính thức

convicted and executed
định tội ai đó
>< To acquit sb of sth: Tuyên
bố trắng án
To execute sb: Tử hình ai đó
= Death sentence
= Capital punishment
Crime rates are not necessarily Crime rate (n): Tỷ lệ phạm tội
reduced
To catch a criminal: Bắt một

Many criminals do not think
they will be caught tội phạm
Capital punishment is not a good Deterrent (n): Một thứ gì đấy giúp
deterrent
ngăn cản ai đó
To deter sb
Executing prisoners creates a

violent culture and encourages Violent culture (n): Văn hóa
revenge bạo lực
To encourage revenge:
Khuyến khích việc trả thù
To take revenge on sth
We have no right to take another

human life To have no right to do sth:
Không có quyền làm chuyện gì đó
To take sb’s life: Lấy mạng,
tước đoạt mạng sống người khác
Community Service
Community service is a way to Community service (n): Phục vụ

reform offenders
cộng đồng
To reform sb: Cải tạo ai đó
It could be a solution to Prison overcrowding (n): Quá

prison overcrowding tải trong nhà tù
A solution to sth: Giải pháp
cho việc gì đó
It avoids the cost of imprisonment

To imprison sb (v): Hành động
bỏ tù một ai đó
To avoid sth/sb (v): Tránh ai
đó, cái gì đó.
It makes offenders useful in their To make sb + adj: Làm cho ai đó
local communities
trở nên thế nào đấy
Local community (n): Cộng
đồng địa phương.
They are required to clean streets To clean streets (v): Dọn dẹp
or talk to school groups
đường phố
Offenders repay their community Offender (n): Tội phạm

= Criminal (n)
To repay sb/sth: Trả tiền, đền
bù Một số cụm từ đi chung
repay: To repay a debt/ loan/
mortgage
They avoid the negative influence Negative influence (n): Ảnh

that prison can have hưởng tiêu cực, ảnh hướng xấu.
Influence (n/v)
= Effect (n), Affect (v)
= Consequence (n)
Against Community Service
Community service is not a

sufficient punishment A sufficient punishment (n):
Một hình phạt đủ mạnh
Một số cụm từ đi chung
punishment (n):
Cruel punishment (n) Hình
phạt độc ác
Heavy/ harsh/ severe punishment
(n): Hình phạt nặng
Corporal/ physical punishment (n):
Hình phạt về thể chất
Criminals should be locked up,

away from their victims To lock up sb/ lock sb up:
Nhốt một ai đó.
Crime in the Media
Crime is one of the main subjects Subject (n): Chủ đề

of most news programs.
= Topic (n)
The mass media focus on violent Sensational (adj) : Gây cảm giác
and sensational crimes
bất ngờ, thú vị, kích thích
= Thrilling
Sensational news (n): Những
tin tức shock hoặc tồi tệ hơn
nhằm thu hút sự chú ý.
This leads to fear of crime among To lead to sth: Dẫn đến một cái gì
the public
đó.
= To cause sth
= To result in sth
Sensational stories attract more Sensational story (n): Những câu

viewers or readers chuyện gây ra cảm giác thú vị, bất
ngờ; làm quá lên để thu hút sự chú ý.
The media report crime stories in To increase their audience: Tăng

order to increase their audience
số lượng khán giả.
= To grab the attention of audience
5. EDUCATION
IDE EXPLATIO
AS Benefits of Education NS
Education gives people To give sb sth: Cho ai đó cái gì đó

knowledge and skills
= To provide sb with sth
People with qualification are more Qualification (n): Bằng cấp, chứng
likely to find work chỉ.
They can earn a higher salary To earn a higher salary: Nhận mức
lương cao hơn.
To earn a higher salary
= To be offered a higher salary
They can contribute positively to To contribute to sth: Đóng góp cho

society cái gì đó.
Hoặc có thể dùng là: To contribute
sth to sth/sb
Schools aim to teach young Moral value (n) Giá trịđạo đức
people moral values such as
tolerance and sharing = Ethical value (n)
Schools prepare children to be To prepare sth/sb to do sth:

members of a society Chuẩn bị cho ai đó, cái gì đó để
làm chuyện gì đó
Benefits of Studying Abroad

Foreign institutions may offer better Foreign institution (n) Tổ chức giáo
courses
dục nước ngoài, định chế giáo dục
nước ngoài
Financial institution (n) Định chế
tài chinh
Many students want to attend a A prestigious university (n) Đại
prestigious university học danh giá
Prestigious (adj) còn được
dùng trong các cụm sau:
A prestigious award (n) Giải thưởng
danh giá
The best universities employ To employ sb: Thuê, sử dụng ai đó

teachers who are experts in their
fields = Hire sb
Expert (n) Chuyên gia
= Professional (n)
Qualifications gained abroad can To open the door to sth: Mở cánh
open the door to better job
opportunities cửa cho việc gi đó
= To pave the way for sth
Living abroad can broaden To broaden sb’s horizon: Mở rộng
students’ horizons kiến thức, tầm hiểu biết
= To improve/ develop sb’s
knowledge
Overseas students are exposed to To be exposed to sth: Được tiếp xúc
different cultures and customs.
với
Overseas student: Du học sinh
= Foreign student
Customs (n) Phong tục tập quán
They become more independent Independent (adj) Không phụ
thuốc, tự do
>< Dependent (adj)
They are responsible for cooking, To be responsible for: Chịu trách
cleaning and paying bills nhiệm
= To be accountable for sth
They will learn a foreign language To learn a foreign language: Học

một ngôn ngữ nước ngoài
= To learn another language
Drawback of Studying Abroad

Living and studying abroad can To be difficult (adj) Khó khăn,
be difficult
không dễ dàng
= To be tough
Students have problems with Paperwork (adj) Giấy tờ
paperwork such as visa
applications To have problemswith sth: Có vấn
đề với cái gì đó
The language barrier can be a The language barrier (n) Rào cản
problem ngôn ngữ
Students have to find Accommodation (n) Nơi ở
accommodation and pay bills
= Housing
Studying in a foreign language is To be challenging (adj) Nhiều thử
challenging thách
= To be difficult
Living alone in an unfamiliar Homesickness (n) Bệnh nhớ nhà
culture can cause homesickness
Homesick (adj) Nhớ nhà
Lovesick (adj) Tương tư
Technology in Education: Advantages
Technology is a powerful tool to A powerful tool: Một công cụ hữu
engage students
ić h, mạnh mẽ
Technology can make lessons To make +sth +Adj: Làm cho cái
much more interesting gìđó trở nên như thế nào đó
Students can do research using To do research: Thực hiện nghiên
online resources
cứu
= To conduct research
Ngoài ra chúng ta còn một vài
cụm khác dùng chung với
conduct như sau
To conduct a survey
To conduct an interview
Students can study at their own Theirown place: Nơi riêng của họ
place Theirown house: Nhà
riêng của họ
Adults can take distance learning Distance learning courses: Các
courses khóa học theo hệ từ xa
To take a course
= To enroll in a course
= To register a course
Students can study whenever and Whenever (adv) Bất kể khi nào
wherever they want
Wherever (adv) Bất kể nơi đâu
However (adv) Bất kể như thế nào
Students also learn skills which are To be useful (adj) Hữu ić h
useful for their future jobs
= To be helpful
For example, they learn to write Word processor (n) Một máy tinh
reports using a word processor chạy chương trình xử lý từ vựng,
được dùng cho mục đić h viết
thư, báo cáo
Technology in Education: Disadvantages

People rely too much on To rely on sth: Dựa dẫm, phụ thuộc
computers vào
= To depend on sth
Young learners do not become To be proficient (adj) Thành thạo
proficient in some basic skills
Proficiency (n)
They use word processors and Word processor (n) Một máy tinh
spelling may suffer chạy chương trình xử lý từ vựng,
được dùng cho mục đić h viết
thư, báo cáo
Spelling(n) Đánh vần
A spelling mistake
People should be able to write a To be able to do sth: Có khả năng

letter by hand
làm chuyện gìđó
To write sth by hand: Viết bằng tay
Technology is no substitute for a A substitute for sth (n) Một sự
real teacher
thay thế cho cái gìđó
= Replacement (n)
= Alternative (n)
Learners need a structured course A structured course (n) Một khóa
học được lên kế hoạch bài bản
An experienced teacher knows Material (n) Tài liệu
what materials to choose
Experienced (adj) Có kinh nghiệm
>< Inexperienced (adj) Thiếu
kinh nghiệm
Computers are expensive to To be unreliable (adj) Không thể
maintain and can be unreliable
dựa dẫm vào được
>< To be reliable/ dependable
(adj)
Technology in Education: Opinion

Institutions should supplement To supplement sth with sth: Bổ sung
traditional teaching with the use of
technology = To add sth to sth
Technology is part of everyday life Everyday life (n) Đời sống hằng
ngày
Everyday activity (n) Hoạt động
hằng ngày
Everyday routine (n) Công việc lặp
đi lặp lại hàng ngày
It can enhance a teacher’s lessons To enhance sth (v) Cải thiện cái gì
đó
= To improve sth
Students can use online resources Online resources (n) Các nguồn tài
to help with homework
liệu online
To help with homework (v) Giúp đỡ
làm bài tập về nhà
Students must still learn to write To write by hand: Viết bằng tay
by hand
They should still use traditional Traditional sources (n) Nguồn tài
sources of information such as
books liệu truyền thống
>< Online resources (n)
Education in Developing Countries: Problems
Children often have to work from To work from an early age: Làm
an early age việc từ độ tuổi còn nhỏ
Child labor (n)
= To go into labor from an early
age
There are no schools in many

areas
Families do not have access to Access to sth (n) Truy cập vào cái
books or computers gì đó
Lưuý
To access sth (v)
To be accessible to sb (adj)
Literacy rates are often low Literacy rate (n) Tỷ lệ biết chữ
><Illiteracy rate (n) Tỷ lệ mù
chữ Literate (adj) >< Illiterate
People in developing countries Developing country (n) Quốc gia
need knowledge and skills
đang phát triển
Developed country (n) Quốc gia
phát triển
Underdeveloped country (n) Quốc
gia keḿ phát triển
Education is the key to improving To be the key to sth/ doing sth: Là
the economy of these countries chìa khóa cho vấn đề nào đó
= To be a solution to sth
Education in Developing Countries: Solutions

Developed countries could help Developing country (n) Quốc gia
developing nations by
providing money đang phát triển
Developed country (n) Quốc gia
phát triển
Underdeveloped country (n) Quốc
gia keḿ phát triển
They could invest in schools and To invest in sth: Đầu tư vào cái gì đó
technology
Investment in sth (n)
Investor (n)
They could supply the funds to To supply sth to sb/ sb with sth
build schools and pay for teachers
= To provide sth to sb/ sb with sth
Children need to have access to To have/ get access to sth: Có
free schooling
quyền chạm tới, truy cập, sử dụng
Computer equipment could be To donate sth (v) Quyên góp
donated
Donation (n) Hành động quyên
góp, đồ quyên góp được Donor
(n) Nhà quyên góp
The Internet can expose students To expose sb to sth: Cho ai đó cơ
to a world of knowledge and
information hội tiếp xúc với cái giđ̀ ó
Exposure (n)
Governments should make Compulsory (adj) Bắt buộc vì quan
education compulsory for all trọng
children = Mandatory (adj)
= Imperative (adj)
They should encourage parents to To encourage sb to do sth: Khuyến
send their children to school
khić h ai đó làm chuyện giđ̀ ó
Governments of developed and To work together: Làm việc cùng
developing countries must work
together nhau
= To collaborate (with sb)
Higher Education: Advantages (also see ‘Benefits of Education’)
There are many benefits to going A benefit to sth: Lợi ić h cho việc gì
to university
đó
A degree can open the door to Degree (n) Bằng đại học, thạc sĩ …
better employment prospects
Certificate (n) Chứng chỉ
To open the door to sth: Mở cánh

cửa cho cái giđ̀ ó
= To pave the way for sth
Economies are becoming To be knowledge-based: Phụ
increasingly knowledge-based
thuộc vào kiến thức
To be technology-based: Phụ
thuộc vào kỹ thuật công nghệ
= To depend/rely on sth
= To be dependent/ reliant on sth
Most jobs require Specific knowledge (n) Kiến thức
specific knowledge and
skills cụ thể, chi tiết
= Certain knowledge (n)
Skilled workers are needed for Sector (n) Một linh vực
sectorssuch as information
technology and engineering = Field (n)
Such as sth: Như là sth
= Like sth (Không trang trọng)
= namely
Repetitive manual jobs are now Repetitive manual job (n) Công
done by machine việc được thực hiện bằng tay lặp đi
lặp lại
Many factories have moved to Factory (n) Nhà máy

developing countries
= Plant (n)
Higher Education: Disadvantages
A healthy economy needs a wide A healthy economy (n) Một nền
range of workers
kinh tế khỏe mạnh
= A sound/ stable/ strong economy
>< A fragile/ stagnant/
weak economy
A rangeof/ a variety of + plural
nouns
Some manual workers will always Manual (adj) Thực hiện thủ công
be needed
>< Non-manual (adj)
A university degree is not Service profession(n) Nghề trong
necessary for many service
professions linh vực dic̣ h vụ
= Service job
Practical training is more important Practical training (n) Đào tạo thực
in some industries tế, gắn với công việc sẽ làm, không
chú trọng lý thuyết
In the UK, for example, there is A shortage of (n) Thiếu hụt

currently a shortage of plumbers
= A lack of sb/sth
Their services are therefore Expensive (adj) Đắt đỏ
becoming more and more
expensive = Costly (adj)
Advantage of Home-schooling
Some parents decide to educate To educate sb (v) Giáo dục ai đó
their children at home
Some families live in isolated areas Isolatedarea (n) Khu vực xa xôi, xa
with poor transport cách
= Remotearea (n)
Other parents are not satisfied with To be satisfiedwith (adj) Hài lòng
local schools với
= To be pleasedwith
Parents can respond to what their To respond to sth (v) Phản ứng,
children need and how they learn
best phản hồi lại
One-to-one lessons allow much One-to-one lesson (n) Hình thức

faster progress học một kem̀ một, một thầy một
trò To allow sth (v) Cho phép cái gì
đó Trong ngữ cảnh này
= To enable sth (v)
The child can work at his or her Pace (n) Tốc độ

own pace
Discipline problems are avoided Discipline (n) Kỷ luật
by home-schooling
Self-discipline (n)
Sựtựgiác của cá nhân
Disadvantages of home-schooling
Most parents do not have the time To educate sb: Giáo dục ai đó
to educate their children at home
One parent would need to give To give up sth/ give sth up: Từ bỏ
up work
School subjects are normally Up to: Lên đến
taught by up to ten different
teachers
Most parents do not have the Necessary knowledge (n) Kiến thức
necessary knowledge or resources
cần thiết
Ngoài ra chúng ta cũng có một số
cụm dùng chung với knowledge
như sau
Extensive knowledge
Expansive knowledge
Private tutors are expensive Tutor (n) Gia sư

Expensive (adj) = Costly (adi)
Children will miss out on the Miss sth out: Bỏ lỡ
social experience that school offers
Miss the point: Không hiểu
đượcđiều quan trọng nhất
At school, children learn how to To get on with sb: Giao tiếp, hòa
get on with each other
đồng với người khác
Lưuý: To get it on with sb=
To have sexwith sb
Home-schooled children may lack To lack sth: thiếu cái gì đó
social skills
Lưuý: a lack of sth
= a shortage of sth
Schools offer a better To offer sb sth: Đề xuất, cung cấp
overall educational
experience
Bad Behavior in Schools: Causes
Bad behavior is due to a lack of Due to sth: Bởi vì cái gì đó
structure and discipline
= Because of
= As a result of sth
= Owing to sth
There are too many children in Too many + plural nouns
some classes
Too much + uncountable nouns
Large classes are difficult to To be difficult to do sth: Khó
manage khăn để làm chuyện gì đó
Lưuý: To have a
difficult/hard time + doing
sth
Have difficulty + doing sth
May disruptive students come Disruptive student (n) Học sinh cá
from an unstable family
background biệt
Unstable family background
(n) Hoàn cảnh gia đình bất ốn
Unstable >< Stable ->
Stability (n)
Other parents are too lenient and To be lenient (adj): Dễ tinh, không
spoil their children
nghiêm khắc
To spoil sb/sth: Làm hư ai đó, cái gì
đó
= To ruin sth
= To overindulge sb
Some children are used to getting To be used to doing sth: Quen với
whatever they want
việc giđ̀ ó
= To be accustomed to doing sth
Schools can do very little if they To support sb/sth: Hỗ trợ
are not supported by parents
Bad Behavior in Schools: Solutions

Schools need a clear code of Code of conduct (n) Bộ quy tắc
conduct
ứng xử
Conduct (n) Ứng xử
Conduct (v) Thực
hiện
To conduct a survey
To conduct a research
Schools need a clear set of rules Set To
of rules conduct
about behavior (n)
an interview
about behavior
= Code of conduct (n)
They need to create a positive A positive working atmosphere (n)
working atmosphere Bầu không khí làm việc tić h cực
Teachers must have the power to To punish sb: Phạt ai đó
punish disruptive students
Tp punish sb for doing sth
Punishment (n) Hình phạt
Schools should remove difficult Difficult (adj) khi nói về người thì
children from lessons mang nghiã là khó tính, khó
chiu, và không hữu ić h
A difficult child (n) Đứa trẻ
không ngoan
Trong bài này có thể hiểu
= A disruptive child
Schools need to work closely with To work closely with sb: Làm
parents
việc chặt chẽ với nhau
= To collaborate with sb
Discipline could be lacking Discipline (n) Kỷ luật
at home
Self-discipline (n) Tự giác,
tự kỷ luật
Parents must support the school To support sb: Hỗ trợ ai đó
rules
They should take responsibility for To take responsibility for sth: Chịu
trách nhiệm về việc gì đó
their children’s behavior
= To be responsible for sth
= To be accountable for sth
Corporal Punishment: Opinion
Corporal Punishment is not a good Corporal punishment (n) Hình phạt
idea về thể chất (Đánh đòn)
Physical punishment is a way of Physical punishment (n)
controlling children using fear
= Corporal punishment (n)
To be a way of doing sth: Là một

cách để làm điều gì đó
This does not promote trust To promote sth: Làm tăng, khuyến
between adults and children khić h cái gì đó
To promote trust (v)
= To develop trust
= To build up trust
Children who are punished Resentful (adj) Tức giận vì
physically may become shy or
resentful không công bằng, cay đắng
Corporal punishment creates an Anger (n) Sự tức giận

atmosphere of fear and anger
Angry (adj)
Single Sex Education: Advantages
Some people believe that male Separate (adj) Riêng biệt
and female students should go to
separate schools
This is often for religious or cultural Religious (adj) Liên quan đến tôn
reasons giáo
Religion (n) Tôn giáo
Cultural (adj) Liên quan đến văn
hóa
Culture (n) Văn
hóa Reason (n) Lý do
= Cause (n)
Discipline problems might be To be avoided: Có thể tránh được

avoided by separating boys and
girls Trong ngữ cảnh này
= To be prevented
Boys and girls may learn in Different need (n) Nhu cầu khác
different ways and have different
needs nhau
= Different demand (n)
Student at single-sex schools often Single-sex school (n) Trường nam
get better exam grades.
sinh/ nữ sinh
Single-sex Education: Disadvantages
Separating boys and girls is Unnecessary (adj) Không cần thiết
unnecessary
It is unhealthy in terms of children’s In termsof sth: về khiá cạnh nào

social development đấy
Children’s social development (n)
Sự phát triển về mặt xã hội của trẻ
nhỏ
Many coeducational schools are Coeducational school (n)

extremely successful
= Mixed-sex school (n)
>< Single-sex school(n)
A mixed-sex environment is more To be representative of sth: Đại
representative of real life diện cho cái giđ̀ ó
Lưuý representative (n)
Đại diện
Coeducational schools provide Coeducational school (n)

children with better social skills
for adult life = Mixed-sex school (n)
To provide sb with sth: Cung cấp
cho ai đó cái gì đó
Advantages of Streaming (Grouping Children According to Ability)
Some schools separate students To separate students according to
according to their academic theiracademic ability
ability = To streaming: Chia học viên theo
năng lực
Academic ability (n) Năng lực
học thuật
Teachers can work at the right Speed (n/v) Tốc độ
speed for their students
Teachers can plan more suitable To plan sth: Lên kế hoạch bài giảng
lessons
High-level groups may progress High-level (adj) Cao cấp
faster
Trong ngữ cảnh này
= Advanced
Lower level groups can benefits To benefit from sth: Kiếm được lợi
from a slower pace
ić h từ cái gì đó
To benefit sb: Kiếm/ mang lại được
lợi ić h cho ai đó
Disadvantages of Streaming
Grouping by ability may have a To group by ability
negative impact on students
= To stream: Phân chia theo năng
lực
Negative impact (n) Ảnh
hưởng tiêu cực
= Negative effect
= Negative consequence
= Negative influence
Children do not want to be seen To be seen (v) Được xem như
as less intelligent than others
To be seen (v) Được trông đợi
Streaming could damage Self-esteem (n) Lòng tự trọng
students’ self esteem = Self-worth
To build your self-esteem
They may lose motivation To lose motivation: Mất động lực
>< To improve/ increase/
strengthen motivation
Students from wealthier families To tend to do sth: Có xu hướng làm
tend to be better prepared
chuyện gì đó
Wealthy (adj) Giàu có
= Rich (adj)
Children from poorer families may To receive support: Nhận được sự
receive less support from parents
hỗ trợ
Mixed ability classes encourage Mixed ability: Năng lực trộn lẫn
everyone to achieve their
potential. >< Streaming
To achieve their potential: Đạt
được tiềm năng
= To reach/ develop their potential
6. ENVIRONMENT
IDEAS EXPLANATIONS
Global Warming
Gases such as carbon dioxide To trap heat: Giữ lại nhiệt độ
trap heat from the sun
= To retain heat
This causes global temperatures Global temperature: Nhiệt độ toàn
to rise
cầu
To rise: Tăng
= To increase
= To go up
= To soar/ To rocket
This process is known as the Greenhouse effect (n) Hiệu ứng nhà
greenhouse effect kinh
Tương tự như Global warming (n)
Human activity is a major factor in A major factor (n) Một yếu tố quan
the rise of the greenhouse gases trọng
= A key factor (n)
Greenhouse gas (n) Khí thải nhà
kính
Factories and vehicles produce Emission (n) Khí thải

emissions and exhaust fumes Exhaust fumes (n) Khí thải các
phương tiện giao thông
Many developing countries are Industrialize (v) Công nghiệp hóa
becoming industrialized
Modernize (v) Hiện đại hóa
The number of cars on our streets To grow (v) Tăng trưởng
is growing
= To rise (v)
Cheap air travel is allowing more To allow sb to do sth: Cho phép ai
people to fly
đó làm chuyên gì đó
= To enable sb to do sth
Effects of Global Warming
Global warming will have a Global warming (n) Hiện
significant impact on our planet
tượng nóng lên toàn cầu
Tương tự Greenhouse effect (n)
A significant impact on sth (n) Ảnh
hưởng đáng kể
Significant (adj) = Considerable
(adj)
= Substantial (adj)
Rising temperature will cause To melt (v) Tan

melting of the polar ice caps chảy Polar (adj) Ở
cực
Ice caps (n) Các lớp băng vĩnh cửu
Sea levels will rise Sea level (n) Mực nước biển
We can expect more extreme Extremeweather condition (n) Điều
weather conditions
kiện thời tiết khắc nghiệt
To expect (v) Kỳ vọng, dự đoán
Flooding and droughts Flooding (n) Lũ lụt
may become more Drought (n) Hạn
common hán
To be common (adj) Phổ biến
= To be frequent
Impacts of Humans on the Environment
The increasing world population is World population (n) Dân số thế
putting pressure on natural giới To put pressure on sth: Gây ra
resources áp lực cho cái gì đó
= To put sth under pressure
Fossil fuels like oil and gas Fossil fuel (n) Nhiên liệu hóa thạch
are running out
We are destroying wildlife habitats Wildlife habitat (n) Môi trường sống
tự nhiên
We have cut down enormous To cut down sth (v) Giảm, đốn hạ
areas of rainforest
Rainforest (n) Rừng mưa nhiệt
This has led to the extinction of To lead to sth: Dẫn đến hậu quả gì
many species of animals and
plants đó
= To cause sth
= To result in sth
Solutions to Environment Problems
Governments could introduce To introduce laws: Ban hành điều
laws to limit emissions from
factories luật mới
= To enact/pass/adopt new laws
They should invest in renewable To invest in sth: Đầu tư vào cái giđ̀ ó
energy from solar, wind or water
power Investment (n)
Investor (n)
Renewable energy (n) Năng lượng
có thể tái tạo
They could impose ‘green taxes’ To impose a tax on: Đánh thuế lên
on drivers and airlines companies ai đó
= To introduce/ levy/ put a tax on
sb/sth
Government campaigns should Recycling (n) Tái chế
promote recycling
To promote sth: Khuyến khić h,
đẩy mạnh
= To boost sth
Natural areas and wild animals To protect sb/sth against sb/sth:
should be protected Bảo vệ ai đó khỏi cái gì đó
Individuals should also try to be To try to be green: Cố gắng sống
greener
“xanh”- Thân thiện với môi trường
= Eco-friendly
We should take fewer flights To take a flight: Bắt một chuyến bay
abroad for holidays
= To catch a flight
We should take public transport To take public transportation: Sử
rather than driving
dụng phương tiện giao thông công
cộng
Rather than: Thay vì
= Insteadof (trong ngữ cảnh này)
We should choose products with Packaging (n) Bao bìđóng gói
less packaging
We should recycle as much as Recycle (v) Tái chế
possible
Recycling (n)
Waste/Rubbish
The amount of waste that we Waste (n/v) Rác thải
produce has increased
This problem is a result of our To be a result of sth : Là kết quả của
consumer culture
việc giđ̀ ó
= To be a consequence of sth
Consumer culture (n) Văn hóa tiêu
thụ/ tiêu dùng
Consumer society (n)
Products are not made to last To last : Kéo dài, tồn tại lâu dài
If something breaks, we throw it To break: Bị hỏng, vỡ, hư hại
away and buy a new one
Advertisers encourage to buy the To encourage (sb) to do sth: Khuyến
newest fashions
khić h ai đó làm điều gì đó
= To urge sb to do sth
Packaging is an important part of An important part (n) Một phần
selling quan trọng
= A key point/ factor
Most foods are sold in Non-biodegradable plastics
non- biodegradable packaging (n) Bao bì nhựa không
plastics packaging phân hủy
>< Biodegradable (adj)
The amount of household waste is Household waste (n) Rác thải hộ

growing
gia đình
This waste ends up in landfill sites To end up +in/ doing sth: Kết
thúc/kết cục với trạng thái nào đó
Landfill (n) Vùng đất có nhiều rác
thải chôn bên dưới
Litter
People do not think about the To drop rubbish (v) Xả rác
consequences of dropping
rubbish = To litter
They assume that somebody is To assume that (v) Giảđinh rằng

paid to clean the street
= To work on/accept/make the
assumption that ……
Plastic packaging does not break Plastic packaging (n) Bao bì nhựa
down easily
Most of the litter seen on streets is Fast food (n) Thức ăn nhanh
fast food packaging
>< Slow food (n)
Recycling and other Solutions
Companies should make goods To make goods: Sản xuất ra các
that last longer
sản phẩm
= To produce goods/ products
To last longer = To be more durable
They should not use so much Packaging (n) Bao bì
packaging
Governments should be stricter, Strict (adj) Nghiêm khắc
about waste produced by
companies Nằm trong các cụm từ như sau
Strict rules/ regulations/ discipline
They should put legal limits To put legal limits: Đưa ra giới
on packaging hạn pháp lý
= To impose/ place/ set a limit
Consumers should avoid buying To avoid doing sth: Tránh
over-packaged products làm chuyện giđ̀ ó
= To refrain from doing sth
We should recycle and reuse Recycle (v) Tái chế
useful materials.
Reuse (v) Tái sử dụng
There are collection banks for Collection bank (n) Các nơi thu
glass, paper and plastic bottles
thập
Households can use several Household (n) Hộ gia đình
rubbish bins to separate waste Rubbish bin (n) Thùng rác
= Dustbin/ Waste bin
Recycling saves energy and raw To save energy: Tiết kiệm năng
materials.
lượng
= To conserve energy
Nuclear Power: Positives
There are several benefits to build Nuclear power station (n) Nhà máy
more nuclear power stations điện nguyên tử
Fossil fuel like oil and gas Fossil fuel (n) Nhiên liệu hóa thạch
are running out
Nuclear power is a sustainable A sustainable energy source (n) Một
energy source
nguồn năng lượng bền vững
Chúng ta cũng có các cụm sau:
A sustainable economy
A sustainable growth
It can be used to produce To produce electricity: Sản xuất điện
electricity without wasting natural Natural resource (n) Tài nguyên thiên
resources nhiên
It could replace the use of natural To replace sth with sth: Thay thế cái
resources like coal, oil or gas
này bằng cái kia
Nuclear power stations are Fossil fuel power station (n) Nhà
cleaner than fossil fuel power máy điện nguyên liệu hóa thạch
stations (Than đá)
They could help to reduce To reduce emission: Giảm lượng khí

carbon emissions that cause thải
global warming
= To limit/cut emission
The risks of accidents are being To reduce a risk: Giảm rủi ro
reduced
= To minimize a risk
Nuclear Power: Negatives
Opponents of nuclear power Opponent (n) Người ở phe đối lập
worry about the safety of power
stations = Adversary (n)
The building of new nuclear Unpopular (adj) Không phổ biến

power stations is unpopular
= Uncommon (adj)
Nobody wants to live near one
Nuclear waste disposal is a Disposal (n) Việc vứt bỏ
significant problem Significant (adj) Đáng quan tâm,
đáng kể
= Considerable
There is currently no way to To decontaminate sth: Loại bỏ hóa
decontaminate radioactive chất độc hại ra khỏi cái gì đó
material >< To contaminate sth
Radioactive material (n) Nguyên
liệu phóng xạ
People worry that terrorists could Terrorist (n) Phần tử khủng bố

steal radioactive materials
Terrorism (n)
It is safer to produce energy from To produce sth: Sản xuất
solar, wind or water power.
Product (n)
Production (n)
Producer (n)
7. FAMILY
IDEAS EXPLANATIONS
Family size
Families in many countries are not As + adj+ as: So sánh bằng
as large as they used to be
As large as they used to be: Không
lớn bằng trước kia
We tend to live in small nuclear To tend to do sth: Có xu hướng làm
families rather than large
extended families chuyện gì đấy
Tendency (n)
Nuclear family (n) Gia đình chỉ
bao gồm cha mẹ và con cái
Extended family (n) Gia đình bao
gồm nhiều thế hệ, cả cô chú…
Parents tend to have fewer To tend to do sth: Có xu hướng làm

children
chuyện gì đấy
Tendency (n)
Young children are no longer To expect sb to do sth: Kỳ vọng ai
expected to work
đó làm chuyện gì đó
No longer: Không còn nữa
Eg: I no longer love you
= I don’t love you anymore/ any
longer
Nowadays both parents often Nowadays: Ngày nay
work
= At the present
It costs so much to bring children To bring sb up: Nuôi dạy ai đó
up
= To raise / grow sb up
It is more difficult to raise a large To raise a family: Nuôi sống/ chăm
family
lo cho một gia đình
= To support a family
Working Parents (also see ‘Gender’ Topic)
Children and their parents seem To be close to sb: Thân thiết, gần gũi
to be less close nowadays
với ai đó
Parents spend less time with their To spend timewith sb: Dành thời
children
gian cho ai đó
To spend time in doing sth
To spend money on doing sth
Women traditionally stayed at To look after sb: Chăm sóc ai đó
home to cook, clean and look
after children = To take care of sb
Nowadays both parents often To work full time: : Làm toàn

work full time
thời gian
>< To work part time: Làm bán thời
gian
Children may be left alone, or To leave sb alone: Để ai đó một
with nannies or babysitters minh
Nanny (n) Bảo mẫu hoặc bà của
đứa trẻ
Busy parents have less contact To have contact with sb: Có liên hệ
with their children
vớiđó
To keep in touch with sb:
Giữa
Many families no longer liên hệ
No longer: với ai
Không còđó
n nữa
eat meals together
We no longer talk
= We don’t talk anymore
= We don’t talk any longer
Children spend more time with To spend time (in) doing sth
friends or surfing the Internet To spend money (on) doing sth
Tuy nhiên,
To take time to do sth
Negative Effects on Children

The lack of closeness in The lack of sth: Sự thiết hụt
families can have a negative
effect on children = The shortage of sth
Closeness (n) Sự thân thiết gần gũi
Negative effect (n) Ảnh hưởng tiêu
cực
= Negative impact (n)
= Badinfluence (n)
Many parents have no idea how To have no idea about sth
their children spend their time
= To not know about sth
Friends, television and the Internet The main influence (n) Ảnh hưởng
become the main influence on
children’s behavior quan trọng nhất
= The chief/ dominant/
majorinfluence
Teenagers are influenced by peer Peer (n) Bạn cùng trang lứa
pressure
Some of them join gangs Gang (n) Tổ chức tội phạm

A gang of pickpockets (n) Tổ chức
móc túi
Juvenile delinquency is on the Juvenile (n) Trẻ vị thành niên
increase
= Teenager (n)
Delinquency (n) Hành vi xấu hoặc
phạm tội
= Bad behavior, crime
Parents should be more involved To be involvedwith sth/sb: Tham gia
vào cái gì, với ai đó
with their children’s upbringing
= To be engaged in sth
Young people need positive role Model (n) Hình mẫu, tấm gương
models
Divorce
In the past, divorce Unacceptable (adj) Không chấp
was unacceptable
nhận được
It was considered to be To embarrass sb: Làm cho ai đó xấu
embarrassing for a family
hổ
Embarrassing (adj)
It is considered to be + Adj
People stayed together for Religious (adj) Có liên quan đến tôn
religious or family reasons giáo
Religion (n)
Divorce is more Nowaday: Ngày
socially acceptable nay At this time
nowadays
It has become much more Common (adj) = Popular (adj)
common
Divorce can be extremely stressful To be stressful (adj) Rất căng thẳng

và mệt mỏi
Lone parents may face financial Lone parent (n) Ba mẹ đơn thân
difficulties
= Single mom/ dad
To face financial difficulties: Đối
mặt với khó khăn tài chính
= To encounter sth
Many single parents have to Single parent (n) = Lone parent (n)
relyon benefits paid by the state
To rely on sth: Phụ thuộc
= To depend on sth
Divorce can have a negative Negative effect (n) on sb/ sth: Ảnh
effect on children hưởng tiêu cực
= Negative impact (n)
= Badinfluence (n)
Children from single-parent To be likely to do sth: Có khả năng
families are more likely to get
lower grades or drop out of sẽ làm chuyện giđ̀ ó
school.
To drop out of school: Bỏ học
The rise in divorce rates may be To be connected to sth: Có liên

connected to some social
problems quan đến cái giđ̀ ó
= To be related to sth
Care for Old people
Caring for elderly people was Responsibility (n) Trách nhiệm
traditionally the responsibility
of families = Duty (n)
To take responsibility for sth
Adults had to look after their To look after sb: Chăm sóc ai đó
elderly parents
= To take care of sb
A woman’s job was to stay at Job (n) Công việc
home taking care of her family Trong ngữ cảnh này
= Responsibility/ Duty
Nowadays, fewer elderly people Relative (n) Họ hàng
are looked after by their relatives
Residential homes provide care Residential (adj) Nơi ở
for large number of elderly
people Resident (n) Cư dân
Residence (n)
Nursing homes can provide Nursing home (n) Bệnh viện tư nhân
professional medical care
nhỏ, Trung tâm dưỡng lão
Medical care (n) Chăm sóc y tế
Some families are unable to look To be unable to do sth: Không thể
after elderly relatives làm chuyêṇ giđ̀ ó
= Can’t do sth
= To fail to do sth
Families tend to be smaller these To tend to do sth: Có xu hướng làm
days, and women often have full-
time jobs chuyện gì đó
Cares homes provide a Cares home (n) = Nursing home (n)

professional service for senior Senior citizen (n) Công dân lớn tuổi
citizens
= Elderly person (n)
Nurses are better trained than To be trained: Đượcđào tạo
family members
Care for Old People: Opinion

The best form of care for the To depend on sth: Phụ thuộc vào
elderly depends on the family cái giđ̀ ó
situation = To rely on sth
Family situation (n) Tình trạng gia
đinh, trong ngữ cảnh này:
= Family background (n)
It depends on whether family To depend on whether…: Phụ thuộc
members have the time resources
vào việc liệu rằng ….
We all have a responsibility To have responsibility: Có nghiã vụ
towards the older people in our
society = To be responsible for sb/sth
Nhận trách nhiệm: To
take responsibility
Governments should invest money To invest (sth) in sth: Đầu tư vào vấn
in facilities and training for care
workers or social service workers đề giđ̀ ó
8. GENDER
IDEAS EXPLNATIONS
Gender and Education
Men and women should have To have/ get access to sth: Có
access to the same educational quyền truy cập, đạt được, tiếp
opportunities cận cái gì đó
To access sth
Males and females should be Should be accepted onto courses:

accepted onto courses according
to their abilities Nên được cho vào các khóa học
…
= Should be admitted
It is wrong to discriminate against To discriminate against sb: Phân biệt
students because of their gender
đối xử với ai đó
Sexual discrimination:
Phân biệt giới tinh
Racial discrimination:
Phân biệt chủng tộc
Gender should be irrelevant in Gender (n) Giới tinh

education
= Sex (n)
To be irrelevant: Không liên quan
= To not be connectedwith sth
Student’s achievements should Individual merit (n) Phẩm chất cá
depend on hard work and
individual merit nhân
In the UK, there are similar Higher education (n) Giáo dục đào
numbers of male and female tạo tại bậc đại học cao đẳng
students in higher education Further education (n) Giáo
dục cho những người sau khi
rời school, nhưng không phải
tạiđại học cao đẳng
Gender and Work

Men and women should have To have/ get access to sth: Có
access to the same professional
opportunities quyền tiếp cận cái gì đó
To access sth
Both man and women should be To be able to do sth: Có thể làm
able to pursue a career
điều gì đó
To pursue a career: Theo đuổi một
sự nghiệp
= To build/ make, carve out a
career
They should earn equal salaries To earn equal salaries: Hưởng mức
lương bằng nhau
= To receive equal salaries
They should be employed To employ sb: Thuê ai đó
according to their abilities,
qualifications and experience = To hire sb
Traditionally women have been To restrict sb to sth: Hạn chế ai đó

restricted to certain roles
với thứ gì đó
Restricted (adj)
Restriction (n)
They were often employed as Secretary (n) Thư ký
secretaries or receptionists
Receptionist (n) Tiếp tân
Nowadays, a range of A rangeof +plural nouns: Hàng loạt
occupations is available to both
sexes = A variety of + plural nouns: Đa
dạng
To be available to sb: Dành cho ai
đó
Career success depends on Individual merit (n) Phẩm chất cá
individual merit
nhân
Women’s and Men’s Roles in the Family
Some people argue that a mother To argue: Tranh luận rằng
should not work
She should stay at home and bring To bring up a child: Nuôi dạy đứa
up her children trẻ
= To raise a child up
= To grow a child up
The father should be the Breadwinner (n) Người trụ cột trong
breadwinner of the family
gia đình
Others believe that both parents To share the responsibility: Chia sẻ
should share these responsibilities trách nhiệm
Working women can take To take maternity leave: Nghỉ thai
maternity leave during and after sản, hậu sản
pregnancy
Many mothers continue to To continue to do sth: Tiếp tục làm

work after this period
điều gì đó
Many fathers and mothers share Domestic responsibility (n) Trách
their parenting and domestic nhiệm gia đình
responsibilities
They contribute equally to To contribute to sth: Đóng góp cho

childcare, cooking and cleaning cái giđ̀ ó
= To make contribution to sth
Some women may have better Prospect (n) Triển vọng
career prospects than their
husbands = Potential (n)
Paternity leave and Paternity leave: Nghỉ dành cho

‘househusbands’ are becoming chồng để chăm sóc vợđi sinh
more common
To be common= To be popular
Traditional gender roles are Traditional role (n) Vai trò
gradually changing
truyền thống
Families can divide roles and To divide the roles and
responsibilities in the most responsibilities: Phân chia nhiệm vụ
convenient way = To share the roles and
responsibilities
9. GENETIC ENGINEERING
IDEAS EXPLANATIONS
Positives of Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering is the Genetic engineering (n) Công nghệ
practice of manipulating the
genes of an organism gen
To manipulate sth: Kiểm soát, thao
túng
= To control sth
It is used to produce crops that are To be resistant to sth: Có khả năng
more resistant to insects and
diseases chống/ kháng lại cái giđ̀ ó
To resist sth: Kháng lại
Resistance (n)
Some genetically modified crops Genetically Modified Crops: Cây
grow more quickly trồng biến đổi gen
Some drugs and vaccines are Drug (n) Thuốc = Medicine (n)
produced by genetic engineering
Drug còn mang nghĩa là thuốc
phiện
It may become possible to To be possible to do sth: Có khả
change human’s genetic năng, khả thi làm điều gì đó
characteristics
Scientists may use genetic To cure sth: Chữa trị

engineering to cure diseases.
= To treat sth
Inherited illnesses would no longer Inherited illness (n) Bệnh di truyền
exist
Would no longer exist: Không tồn tại
nữa
= Would not exist anymore
Genes could be changed before a To bear a baby: Sinh em bé
baby is born
The baby is born
It could also be possible to clone To clone human organs: Nhân bản
human organs các bộ phận cơ thể người
We could all have replacement To replace A with B: Thay thế A
body part
bằng B
Humans could live longer, To live longer, healthier lives: Sống
healthier lives
cuộc sống lâu hơn, khỏe mạnh hơn
Negatives of Genetic Engineering
There are ethical concerns about Ethical concern (n) Mối quan
human genetic engineering
ngại vềđạo đức
Parents might want to choose their Characteristic (n) Tính cách
children’s characteristics = Personality trait (n)
This would be unnatural Unnatural (adj) Không tự nhiên
>< Natual (adj) Tự nhiên
It would be unacceptable in most Unacceptable (adj) Không chấp
religions
nhận đượcr
>< Acceptable (adj)
Soldiers could be cloned from the To clone sb: Nhân bản vô tinhr một
genes of the strongest people
ai đó
Clones might be used like Clone (n) Người được nhân bản
robots to do certain jobs
Clones might even be developed Organ replacement (n) Thay thế bộ
just for organ replacements
phận cơ thể
Society and human Evolution (n) Sự tiến hóa
evolution would change
completely
Currently, human genetic To be prohibited: Bị cấm
engineering is prohibited
= To be banned
Genetically-Modified (GM) Foods: Advantages
Farmers can produce crops that To grow crops: Trồng những loại cây
grow bigger and faster
= To grow plants
Some GM crops are more resistant Genetically- Modified (GM) Biến đổi
to disease or insects
gen
To be resistant to sth: Kháng lại cái
gì đó
This could be important for food Important (adj) = Vital (adj)
production in developing = Crucial (adj) = Essential
countries (adj)
Faster growing cereals, fruit and Cereal (n) Ngũ cốc

vegetables will mean more profit
GM foods can be modified to look To look + Adj
perfect
Linking Verb + Adj
They may be more attractive to To be attractive to sb: Thu hút ai đó
customers
= To be appealing to sb
Genetically-Modified (GM) Foods: Disadvantages
There may be risks involved in the Risk (n/v): Rủi ro
genetic engineering of foods.
Risky (adj)
GM crops might change whole Ecosystem (n) Hệ sinh thái
ecosystems
Trong trường hợp này
To change = To affect = To
influence
Food chains could be broken if Food chain (n) Chuỗi thức ăn
crops are resistant to predators
Tro be resistant to sth: Kháng lại cái
gì đó
Organic foods are produced Organic food (n) Thực phẩm hữu
without chemicals or genetic
modification cơ
Chemical (n) Chất hóa học
Organic farming may be slower To be expensive (adj) Đắt tiền
and more expensive
= To be costly (adj)
However, the environment is not To damage the environment: Phá
damaged by fertilizers or hoại môi trưrờng tự nhiên
pesticides. = To harm sth
= To destroy sth
10. GLOBAL ISSUES

IDEAS EXPLANATIONS
Problems in Developing Countries
Developing countries face a Developing country (n) Quốc gia
range of problems
đang phát triển
To face sth: Đối mặt với cái gì đó
= To encounter sth
Standards of healthcare and Standard (n) Tiêu chuẩn
education are low
Life expectancy in these countries Lifeexpectancy (n) Tuổi thọ
is usually lower than developed Developed country (n) Quốc gia
countries phát triển
There is a lack of infrastructure, A lack of sth: Thiếu hụt cái gì đó
employment and good quality
housing = A shortage of sth
Infrastructure (n) Cơ sở hạ tầng
Housing (n) Nơi ở =
Accommodation (n)
Many people are forced to live in To force sb to do sth: Ép ai đó làm
poverty chuyện gì đó
= To make sb do sth
To live in poverty = To live in poor
condition
Food, drinking water and basic To be in short supply: Bị thiếu hụt
medicines are in short supply
= To be not enough
= To be in shortage
How to Help Developing Countries
The best form of help Aid (n) Gói trợ giúp
for developing countries
is development aid
Richer nations can help by To invest in sth: Đầu tư vào cái gì đó

investing in long-term projects To put money into
sth Long-term (adj) Dài hạn
Governments and charities can House (n) = Accommodation (n)
help by building new houses and
schools
Globalization may also help Globalization (n) Toàn cầu hóa

developing countries
Multi-national companies can Multi-national company (n) Công ty
create jobs in developing
countries đa quốc gia
On the other hand, many people To emigrate: Chuyển đến quốc gia
emigrate to find work in richer khác sinh sống
countries To find job: Tìm việc
= To look for job opportunities
They often send money back To send sth to sb
home to their families
= To send sb sth
This money helps to improve the To improve: Cải thiện
standard of living in developing
countries = To enhance
The standard of living = Living
standard (n) Tiêu chuẩn sống
Immigration
Some people move to other In search of sth: Để tìm kiếm cái gì
countries in search of a better life đó
= To search for sth
Many immigrants come from less Immigrant (n) Người dân nhập cư
developed countries
Richer, industrialized countries may To offer sth to sb
offer opportunities for employment
= To offer sb sth
To industrialize: Công nghiệp hóa
Free healthcare and schooling are To be available to/for sb: Có sẵn
available in some developed
countries
Other people migrate to a foreign A foreign country = Another country

country to improve their academic
qualifications
Positives of Immigration and Multi-cultural Societies

From an economic perspective, Perspective (n) Quand điểm
immigration can be extremely
positive = Viewpoint (n)
Many immigrants have skills Skill (n) Kỹ năng

that are needed in the country
they move to
Immigrants who find work To contribute (sth) to sth: Đóng góp

contribute to the economy of their
new country
Many immigrants send money To help their family = To
home to help family members support their family
Immigration also creates cultural Cultural diversity (n) Đa dạng văn
diversity
hóa
Biodiversity (n) Đa dạng
sinh học
People of many different Nationality (n) Quốc tịch
nationalities learn to live together
This can help people to become Open-minded: Tư duy mở
more open-minded and tolerant
= Willing to listen
>< Narrow-minded
Negatives of Immigration
Some people believe that Trong ngữ cảnh này
immigrants take jobs that
should go to local people To go to local people = To belong
to local people
Some immigrant workers work Câu bên có thể được paraphrased
longer hours for less money lại như sau:
Their wages per hour are lower in
comparison with those of local
workers
Companies might pay lower To pay salary: Trả lương

salaries to immigrant
workers
Unemployment rates could rise if Unemployment rate (n) Tỷ lệ thất
there are too many immigrants nghiệp
= Jobless rate (n)
Opinions about Immigration

Immigration can help To help the economy: Giúp đỡ cho
the economy of a nền kinh tế
country = To boost up the economy
= To develop the economy
It can create multi-cultural Multi-cultural society (n) Xã hội đa

societies văn hóa
= Cultural diversity society (n)
However, immigration needs to be To control: Kiểm soát
controlled
= To regulate
In many countries, immigrants Work permit (n) Giấy phép làm việc
need visas or work permit
Governments should stop To stop sb from doing sth: Ngăn ai
companies from exploiting đó làm việc gì đó
immigrant workers To exploit: Bóc lột, khai thác
Foreign and local workers should To have the right to sth/ to do sth:
have the right to equal pay and Có quyền được hưởng/ được làm
conditions điều gì đó
= To be eligible for sth/ to do sth
Positives of Globalization
Business is becoming increasingly International (adj) Có tính quốc tế
international
Multi-national companies do Across the world: Trên khắp thế giới
business across the world
= Throughout the world
Companies like MacDonald’s can Like sth: Như là
be seen on high streets in most
cities = Such as
Goods are produced in one To produce goods: Sản xuất hàng

country and sold in many others
hóa
= To produce products
A global economy means free Global economy (n) Nền kinh
trade between countries tế toàn cầu
Free trade (n) Giao dịch tự do
This can strengthen political To strengthen sth: Làm cho cái gì
relationships
đó mạnh hơn
= To develop sth
Globalization can also create Opportunity for employment (n) Cơ
opportunities for employment hội việc làm
= Job opportunity
It encourages investment in less To encourage sth: Khuyến khích,
developed countries thúc đẩy cái gì đó
= To promote sth
It could reduce poverty in the Developing world: Các quốc gia
developing world đang phát triển
Negatives of Globalization
Globalization is not always To be beneficial to sb: Có lợi cho ai
beneficial to everyone đó
= To benefit sb
Companies can move to countries Labor (n) Lao động
where labor is cheap
Labor force (n) Lực lượng lao động
This creates redundancies, or job Redundancy (n) Sự dư thừa
losses
Employees cannot be confident Stable (adj) Ổn định
that they have stable jobs
>< Unstable (adj)
Companies sometimes exploit their To exploit sb/sth: Bóc lộc, tận dụng,
employees in developing countries
khai thác
Global trade creates more waste Global trade (n) Thương mại quốc
and pollution tế
Pollution (n) Ô nhiễm
= Contamination (n)
The Future of Globalization

There should be global regulations Global regulation (n) Luật quốc tế
for salaries and working conditions
= International law (n)
Governments should impose laws To impose laws: Đặt luật
to protect the environment
= To enact laws
11. GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY
IDEAS EXPLANATIONS
What Governments can do
- Governments provide public - provide (v): cung cấp
services like healthcare and
education. to provide sth to sb: cung cấp
cái gì cho ai đó
= to supply sth to sb
provision (n): sự cung cấp
- They support people who are - to live in poverty: sống trong cảnh
living in poverty or unable to work. nghèo khổ
= to experience poverty
- to be unable to do sth: không thể
làm điều gì đó
>< to ba able to do sth
- Governments raise money by - raise money: gây quỹ

taxing working people.
= raise funds
fundraising (n): việc gây quỹ
- They can spend money on - to spend money on sth: chi tiền
resources and campaigns. vào việc gì đó
to spend time doing sth:
dành thời gian làm điều gì đó
- They can introduce new laws. - introduce (v): giới thiệu

= present
= suggest
to introduce A to B: giới thiệu
A cho B biết
introduction (n): sự giới
thiệu, việc giới thiệu
- They can impose taxes. -impose taxes on/upon sth: đánh

thuế vào cái gì đó
- They can raise people’s - to raise sb’s awareness of sth:
nâng cao nhận thức của ai về vấn
awareness of issues. đề gì đó
to be aware of sth: có nhận thức
về cái gì đó
- They can influence people’s - to influence (v): ảnh hưởng, tác
habits and opinions. động
= to have an influence on sth
= to have an impact on sth
= to have an effect on sth
- They can create jobs/more job - opportunity (n): cơ hội
opportunities.
to seize an opportunity: nắm bắt
cơ hội
to miss an opportunity: bỏ lỡ cơ
hội
- They can regulate the activities of - regulate (v): điều chỉnh
companies such as banks.
= adjust
regulation (n): sự điều chỉnh, quy
định
- They can provide resources for - to provide sth to/for sb: cung cấp
schools.
cái gì cho ai đó
- to provide sb with sth: cung cấp
cho ai cái gì đó
- They are also responsible for the - to be responsible for sth: chịu
security and well-being of their trách nhiệm cho điều gì đó
citizens. = to be in charge of sth
= to be accountable for sth
- They control armed forces and - control (v): điều khiển

police forces.
control (n): sự điều khiển
to be under control: bị kiểm
soát, bị điều khiển
to be out of control: không
điều khiển được, không làm chủ
được
to take control: nắm quyền
điều khiển, chỉ huy
Public Services
- Governments pay the salaries of - pay (v): chi trả, thanh toán
public sector workers like police
officers and teachers. to pay for sth: thanh toán cho
cái gì đó
to pay sb a visit: đến thăm ai đó
to pay sb a call: gọi điện cho ai
đó
to pay attention to sb/sth: chú ý
vào ai/cái gì đó
- The necessary money is raised by - raise (v): giơ lên
taxing people’s income. raise money: gây quỹ
= raise funds
- income (n): thu nhập
- Free education and healthcare - healthcare (n): việc chăm sóc sức
may be provided by the state. khỏe
childcare (n): việc chăm sóc trẻ
em
- Some governments control public - public (a): công cộng
transport systems and even TV
channels. public opinion: dư luận
public utilities: những ngành
phục vụ công cộng (điện, nước…)
in public: một cách công
khai, giữa công chúng
- In other countries, these services - private (a): cá nhân, riêng tư

are provided by private
companies. = personal
= individual
private life: đời tư
in private: một cách riêng tư,
kín đáo
- Some people believe that - competition (n): cuộc thi đua, sự
competition between private
companies is good. cạnh tranh
competitor (n): đối thủ
cạnh tranh
compete (v): cạnh tranh, thi đua
competitive (a): cạnh tranh
competent (a): có đủ khả
năng để cạnh tranh
- It helps to improve quality - to bring sth down: làm giảm

while bringing prices down. xuống
= reduce
to bring sb down: làm cho ai đó
buồn / thất vọng
- Other people think that essential - essential (a): cần thiết
services should be free.
= necessary
= crucial
= vital
= indispensable
- Governments should pay for - to pay for sth: thanh toán cho cái
them.
gì đó
to pay sb a call: gọi điện cho ai
đó
to pay sb a visit: đến thăm ai đó
Censorship: Opinion
- Governments can censor what - censor (v): kiểm duyệt
public sees or reads in the media.
= selectively remove
= restrict
= suppress
censorship (n): việc kiểm
duyệt, sự kiểm duyệt
- To a certain extent censorship is - to an extent: tới một mức độ nào
necessary.
đó
= to a degree
- We should use censorship to - to protect sb from sth: bảo vệ ai
protect children from violent khỏi điều gì đó
images. = to give sb protection from sth
- Some computer games involve - to commit a crime: phạm tội
killing people or committing
crimes. = to break the law
= to be against the law
- The Internet also needs to be - to be controlled: được kiểm soát,
controlled. bị kiểm soát
= to be under control
- Many websites show - violence (n): bạo lực
pornography and violence.
violent (a): bạo lực
- There should be age limits for - limit (n): giới hạn
websites and computers games.
= greatest extent
= restriction
limit (v): giới hạn, hạn chế
- Parents need to take - to take responsibility for sth:
responsibility for checking what chịu trách nhiệm về điều gì đó
their children watch. = to hold responsibility for sth
- It is impossible for governments to - impossible (a): bất khả thi
control everything we see.
= unimaginable
= hopeless
= inconceivable
Video Cameras in Public Places
- The use of CCTV is becoming - widespread (a): lan rộng, phổ
widespread. biến
= popular
= extensive
- Video cameras have been - install (v): cài đặt, thiết lập
installed in many public places.
= set up
= establish
installation (n): sự cài đặt
- They are supposed to protect us - to be supposed to do sth: có
and deter criminals. nhiệm vụ làm gì, phải làm gì đó
suppose (v): cho là, tin là
- Many people think that this - surveillance (n) sự giám sát
surveillance violates our privacy. to be under surveillance: bị
giám sát
= to be under supervison
- violate (v): vi phạm
= disobeysth
= defysth
= infringe upon sth
- The authorities could build - identity (n): danh tính, đặc điểm
databases with our pictures and nhận dạng
identities. identification (n): sự nhận dạng
= recognition
identify (v): nhận dạng,
xác nhận
- We should not be treated like - treat (v): xử lý, đối xử

criminals.
treatment (n): việc xử lý, đối xử
- criminal (n): tội phạm
crime (n): tội ác
to commit a crime: phạm tội
Smart Cards: Positives
- Governments will probably - probably (adv): có khả năng xảy
introduce a digital identification ra, có khuynh hướng
card system. = possibly
= seemingly
- Smart cards will have benefits - drawback (n): điểm bất lợi, điểm
and drawbacks. hạn chế
= disadvantage
= impediment
= deficiency
- They could help to reduce crime. - reduce (v): giảm

= diminish
= lessen
- They could hold personal - personal (a): mang tính cá nhân
information, such as DNA.
= private
person (n): người, con người
personality (n): tính cách
personnel (n): nhân sự
- Digital bank cards could contain - contain (v): chứa, bao gồm
fingerprint information.
= include
= hold
= consist of
= enclose
- It would be very difficult for - difficult (a): khó khăn
criminals to use a stolen card.
difficulty (n): sự khó khăn
to overcome a difficulty:
vượt qua khó khăn
to be in difficulties: gặp phải
khó
khăn, đang gặp khó khan
- It would be easier for police to - to catch criminals: bắt tội phạm
identify people and catch
criminals. = to arrest criminals
Smart Cards: Negatives

- Many people are worried about - to be worried about sth: lo lắng về
losing their privacy. điều gì đó
= to be concerned about sth
= to be distressed about sth
- Governments could store all our - store (v): lưu trữ, cất giữ
personal and medical information.
= keep
- medical (a): liên quan đến y tế,
thuộc về y tế
medicine (n): thuốc
medication (n): sự bốc
thuốc, ngành y tế
- This information could be used by - insurance (n): bảo hiểm

insurance companies. insurance policy: chính sách
bảo hiểm
insurance coverage: phần bồi
thường của bảo hiểm
- Employers could check our - record (n): sự ghi chép

health records. health record: hồ sơ y tế,
bệnh án
attendance record: sổ điểm
danh
People with Disabilities

- People with disabilities should be - disability (n): sự tàn tật, khuyết tật
treated the same as everybody
else. disabled (a): tàn tật, khuyết tật
= handicapped
- They should have the same rights - right (n): quyền, quyền lợi
as other people.
= authority
- They should have access to the - to have access to sth: tiếp cận với
same jobs as other citizens.
cái gì đó
= to get admission to sth
- Discriminations against disabled - illegal (a): bất hợp pháp
people is illegal in many countries.
= not allowed
= not permitted
= banned
= prohibited
= outlawed
- Ramps and lifts for wheelchairs - lift (n): sự nâng lên
should be installed in public
buildings. to give sb a lift: cho ai đó đi nhờ
xe
= to give sb a ride
- Support teacher can be - employ (v): tuyển dụng
employed to help children
with learning difficulties. = hire
= recruit
employment (n): việc
tuyển dụng
unemployed (a): thất nghiệp
employee (n): nhân viên
employer (n): chủ, sếp
12. GUNS AND WEAPONS
IDEAS EXPLANATIONS
Why Guns should be Legal
-In some countries, people are - to be allowed to do sth: được cho
allowed to own firearms.
phép làm điều gì đó
= to be permitted to do sth
- Individuals have the right to - protect (v): bảo vệ
protect themselves.
protection (n): sự bảo vệ
to protect sb from sth: bảo vệ
ai khỏi điều gì đó
= to give sb protection from sth
- People can use guns in self- - self-defense (n): tự vệ
defense. in self-defense: để tự vệ, phòng
thân
defense (n): sự bảo vệ,
phòng thủ
- This deters criminals. - deter (v): ngăn chặn

to deter sb from doing sth: ngăn
chặn ai không làm việc gì đó
= to dissuade sb from doing sth
Why Gun Ownership should be illegal
- There is a risk of accidents with - accident (n): tai nạn
guns. accidental (a): tình cờ,
ngẫu nhiên
accidentally (adv): một
cách tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên
- The number of violence crimes - to increase (v): tăng

increases when guns are
available. = to rise / grow / climb up
= to be on the increase
- Criminals may be armed. - arm (v): trang bị vũ khí
to be armed: được trang bị vũ
khí
= to be equipped with weapons
- The police then need to use guns. - to need to do sth: cần phải làm
điều gì đó
= to have to do sth
= must do sth
= ought to do sth
- Suicide rates have been shown to - suicide (n): tự vẫn, tự sát
rise when guns are available.
suicide (v): tự sát
= to commit suicide
suicidal (a): tự sát
- available (a): sẵn có
availability (n): sự có sẵn
- Guns create violent societies with - murder (n): việc giết người, ám sát
high murder rates.
to commit murder: phạm tội
giết
người
murderer (n): kẻ giết người
murder rate: tỉ lệ tàn sát,
giết chóc
Why the Police should Use Guns
- Many criminals use weapons. - weapon (n): vũ khí
to be armed with weapons:
được trang bị vũ khí
= to be equipped with weapons
- The threat of a gun can deter - threat (n): sự đe dọa
criminals.
threaten (v): đe dọa
threatening (a): mang tính đe
dọa
life-threatening (a): gây lo
lắng, sợ hãi, đe dọa cuộc sống
- Police officers can force a - to force sb to do sth: ép buộc ai
criminal to surrender. phải làm điều gì đó
= to compel sth
= to make sb do sth
- surrender (v): đầu hàng, từ bỏ
to surrender to sb: đầu hàng
trước ai đó
- It is easier to arrest someone and - avoid (v): tránh
avoid physical violence.
to avoid doing sth / sth: tránh
làm điều gì / tránh điều gì đó
= to refrain from sth: kiềm chế
không làm điều gì đó
- The police may shoot violent - shoot (v): bắn, bắn súng
criminals in self defence. to shoot a line: bịa chuyện,
nói xạo
to shoot the cat: nôn mửa
- They can protect the public. - public (a): công cộng

publicity (n): sự công
khai, quảng cáo
publicize (v): công khai,
khiến nhiều người biết đến,
quảng cáo
- They can shoot an escaping - to pose a danger to sb: có thể

criminal who poses a serious gây sự nguy hiểm cho ai đó
danger to the public. to pose a threat / risk to sb
Why the Police should not Carry Guns

- There is a risk of accidents and - mistake (n): lỗi lầm, sai sót
mistakes. to make a mistake: gây ra
lỗi lầm, sai sót
to mistake A for B: nhầm cái
A với cái B
mistaken (v): hiểu sai, hiểu lầm
mistakenness (n): sự hiểu lầm
mistakenly (adv): một cách
sai lầm, nhầm lẫn
- The police might shoot an - innocent (a): ngây thơ, vô tội

unarmed criminal or an innocent
person. = blameless
= naive
= innocuous
- Accidents can happen in public - happen (v): xảy ra
places.
= occur
= take place
- There are several alternatives to - alternative (n): sự thay thế, lựa
guns (e.g. tear gas, sprays and chọn (một trong hai)
electric shock weapons). = substitute
alternate (v): xen kẽ lẫn nhau
to alternate between A and
B: xen kẽ giữa cái A và cái B
- Only special police units should - special (a): đặc biệt
use guns. to specialize in sth: chuyên
về cái gì đó
especially (adv): một cách
đặc biệt, đặc biệt là
Arm Trade: Positives

- The export of arms, or weapons, is - export (v): xuất khẩu
an extremely controversial issue.
exportation (n): sự xuất khẩu
>< import (v): nhập khẩu
importation (n): sự nhập
khẩu, hàng nhập khẩu
- Governments of rich, - industrialize (v): công nghiệp hóa
industrialized countries sell arms to
each other. industry (n): ngành công nghiệp
- arm (n): vũ khí, binh khí
to bear arms: mang theo vũ khí /
phục vụ trong quân đội
to take up arms: cầm vũ khí
chiến đấu
to be under arms: sẵn
sang chiến đấu
- This industry creates jobs and - create (v): tạo ra
wealth.
= generate
= form
= make
= produce
creation (n): sự tạo thành
creative (a): sáng tạo
creativity (n): sự sáng tạo
- The trade of weapons may - trade (n): thương mại
improve relationships between to engage trade with sb: trao
governments. đổi buôn bán với ai đó
foreign trade: ngoại thương
wholesale trade: bán sĩ, bán
buôn
retail trade: bán lẻ
to be in trade: hoạt đông
trong lĩnh vực thương mại, buôn
bán
Arms Trade: Negatives

- Weapons may be used in - war (n): chiến tranh
conflicts and wars.
= warfare (n)
nuclear war / warfare:
chiến tranh hạt nhân
chemical war / warfare:
chiến tranh hóa học
- The supply of arms could be - death (n): sự chết chóc, cái chết
responsible for deaths.
death penalty: án tử hình
to be bored to death: rất
chán, cực kì chán nản
- Governments are promoting war - in order to do sth: để làm điều gì
in order to make a profit.
đó
= so as to do sth
= to do sth
-Rich countries can influence the - to influence (v): ảnh hưởng, tác
politics of other nations.
động
= to have an influence on sth
Nuclear Weapons
- Nuclear weapons are capable of - to be capable of doing sth: có
destroying whole cities. khả năng làm điều gì đó
= to be able to do sth
- A nuclear war between two -destroy (v): phá hoại, tàn phá
countries would destroy both
countries. = damage
= ruin
= impair
= sabotage
= spoil
- Nuclear weapons are used as a - deterrent (n): sự ngăn cản, ngăn
deterrent.
chặn
deter (v): ngăn chặn
to deter sb from doing sth: ngăn
chặn ai không làm việc gì đó
- They prevent wars from starting. - to prevent sb/sth from doing sth:
ngăn chặn ai/cái gì không làm
điều gì
to hinder sb/sth from doing sth
Nuclear Weapons: Opinion

- Nuclear weapons should be - prohibit (v): cấm
prohibited.
= ban
= forbid
= impede
= outlaw
- Governments should limit the - limit (v): giới hạn, hạn chế
production of nuclear weapons.
= confine
= restrict
= inhibit
-There is a danger of nuclear - obtain (v): đạt được, thu được
weapons being obtained by
terrorists. = acquire
= achieve
= attain
= gain
= earn
- Nuclear weapons cannot be used - terrorist (a): mang tính khủng bố,
against terrorist organizations.
liên quan đến khủng bố
terrorist (n): kẻ khủng bố
Armed Forces: Positives
- Armed forces provide - force (n): sức mạnh, lực lượng
security and protection. quân đội
armed forces: lực lượng vũ trang
- security (n): sự an ninh, an toàn
secure (a): bảo đảm, an toàn
>< insecure (a): không an toàn,
không đảm bảo
- They deter military attack by - military (n/a): quân đội, quân sự
another country.
= army
= soldiery
= force
= troops
- They can also be sued to - sue (v): kiện
maintain peace within countries.
= accuse
= prosecute
to sue sb for sth: kiện ai vì lí do gì
đó
to be sued: bị kiện, bị khởi tố
- They can be sued to give the - support (n/v): hỗ trợ, ủng hộ
police extra support. to give support to sb: ủng hộ /
hỗ trợ ai đó
to support a family: nuôi cả gia
đình
- Soldiers are also used to help in - disaster (n): thảm họa

emergency situations, such as
after a natural disaster. to invite disaster: tự chuốc
lấy thảm họa
disastrous (a): thảm họa,
thảm khốc
Armed Forces: Negatives

- Armies require a lot of - funding (n): việc thu tiền vào
funding from governments. công quỹ Nhà Nước
to be in funds: có tiền, có
nhiều tiền
- Too much money is spent on - to spend money on sth: tiêu tiền

weapons and military technology. vào việc gì đó
to spend time doing sth:
dành thời gian ra để làm việc gì
đó
- This money could be spent on - service (n): dịch vụ
schools, hospitals and other public
services. to be in service: đang phục vụ
to be at sb’s service: sẵn sàng
giúp đỡ ai đó
to ask sb’s service: nhờ ai giúp
đỡ
13. HEALTH
IDEAS EXPLANATIONS
Diet
- The human body requires a - require (v): yêu cầu
balanced diet.
= demand
= order
= ask
= request
to require sb to do sth: yêu cầu
ai làm điều gì đó
= to ask sb to do sth
requirement (n): sự yêu cầu
to fulfill a requirement: đáp
ứng được một yêu cầu
-An unhealthy diet can cause - cause (v): gây ra, dẫn đến
various health problems.
= lead to
= account for
= induce
- Obesity, diabetes and heart - disease (n): bệnh tật
disease are on the increase.
= ailment
= sickness
= illness
- Many people nowadays rely on - to rely on sth: dựa dẫm, trông cậy
fast food or pre-prepared meals.
vào điều gì
= to depend on
= to count on
- These foods often contain too - contain (v): chứa đựng, bao gồm
much fat, salt and sugar.
= include
= hold
= consist of
= enclose
= encompass
= involve
- They are cheap to buy and very - cheap (a): rẻ
easy to prepare.
= inexpensive
= low-cost
= low-priced
= competitive price
- Many young people have grown - diet (n): chế độ ăn uống, chế độ
up on a diet of convenience ăn kiêng
foods. to be on a diet: ăn uống
theo chế độ
= to go on a diet
to put sb on a diet: ép ai ăn
uống theo chế độ
- Populations in developed - population (n): dân số

countries are increasingly
overweight. population explosion: sự tăng
dân số ồ ạt và nhanh chóng
Exercise
-Regular exercise is essential in - essential (a): cần thiết
maintaining a healthy body.
= necessary
= crucial
= vital
= indispensable
- Exercise burns calories and helps - muscle (n): cơ bắp
to build healthy bones and
muscles. not to move a muscle: ở yên,
không động đậy
muscular (a): cơ bắp, lực lưỡng
muscularity (n): sự lực lưỡng,
vạm vỡ
- Doctors advise exercising at least - advise (v): khuyên
three times a week for 20 minutes.
to advise sb to do sth: khuyên ai
to advise sb of sth: cho ai biết
về điều gì đó
to advise with sb: hỏi ý kiến ai đó
advice (n): lời khuyên
-Most people nowadays lead a - sedentary (a): thụ động, ít di

sedentary lifestyle. chuyển
= inactive
= passive
-We tend to walk less and do desk - desk jobs: việc bàn giấy, công
jobs. việc văn phòng
- Most adults relax by watching - relax (v): nghỉ ngơi, thư giãn
television.
= loosen up
= rest
= to feel at ease
- Children play video games rather - outdoor (a): ngoài trời
than doing outdoor sports.
outdoors (adv): ngoài trời
>< indoor (a): trong nhà
indoors (adv): trong nhà
- In the past, people were more - active (a): năng động
active in their jobs and at home.
= energetic
= dynamic
inactive (a): thụ động,
không hoạt động
Government’s Role
- Governments have a significant - to have a role to play in sth: đóng
role to play in reducing obesity.
vai trò quan trọng trong việc gì đó
= to play a role in sth
= to play a part in sth
- More and more people, including - seriously (adv): nghiêm trọng,
young children are seriously nghiêm túc
overweight. serious (a): nghiêm trọng
serious illness: bệnh nặng
serious matter: vấn đề nghiêm
trọng
serious attempt: sự cố gắng
nghiêm túc
-They are at risk of heart disease - to be at risk of sth: có nguy cơ gì

and diabetes. đó
= to run the risk of sth
= to be put at risk
- This situation will increase - situation (n): tình huống, hoàn
the burden on hospitals and cảnh
taxpayers. to find a situation: tìm được
việc làm
- Hospitals rely on the government - to rely on sb for sth: dựa
for money and resources. dẫm/trông cậy vào ai vì điều gì đó
= to be reliant on sb for sth
= to depend on/upon sth
= to count on/upon sth
- Governments should promote a - promote (v): kích thích, thúc đẩy
healthy diet and regular exercise
= further
= advance
= expedite
= boost
= hasten
- There should be more time for - timetable (n): lịch trình
sports on school timetables.
= schedule
= agenda
= plan
- Unhealthy junk food should be - junk (n): đồ tạp nham, bỏ đi
banned from school menus. junk food: thức ăn không tốt
cho sức khỏe
- People need information about - information (n): thông tin
what foods contain.
inform (v): thông báo, cho biết
to inform sb of sth: cho ai biết
về điều gì đó
= to notify sb of sth
= to advise sb of sth
- Food packaging must show the - show (v): cho thấy

food’s nutritional content. = demonstrate
= present
= reveal
= display
- The government should - recommend (v): đề nghị
recommend eating five portions of
fruit and vegetables per day. = suggest
= adise
= propose
to highly recommend sth: đề
nghị điều gì đó một cách tha thiết
recommendation (n): lời đề
State Health System: Advantages
- Good healthcare should be - for free: một cách miễn phí
available to everyone for free.
= free of charge
= at no cost
- State healthcare is paid by the - tax (n): thuế
government using money from
taxes. tax (v): đánh thuế
- Everyone has access to the same - to have access to sth: tiếp cận với
quality of care and treatment.
cái gì đó
= to get admission to sth
- Private healthcare is unfair - unfair (a): bất công, không công
because only wealthy people can bằng
afford it. unfair price: giá quá đắt
>< fair (a): công bằng
fair (n): sự công bằng, hội chợ
career fair: hội chợ việc làm
= job fair
- The National Health Service in the - resident (n): cư dân
UK provides free healthcare for
every resident. = citizen
= inhabitant
= habitant
Private Healthcare: Advantages
- State hospitals are often very - run (v): vận hành, hoạt động
large and difficult to run.
to run a business: hoạt động
kinh doanh
to run a company: vận hành
một công ty
to run for sth: ứng cử cho vị trí
nào đó
- Private hospitals have shorter - appointment (n): cuộc hẹn

waiting lists for operations and
appointments. to have an appointment: có
một cuộc hẹn
to make an appointment:
lên lịch hẹn
to reschedule an
appointment: hẹn lại, thay đổi
giờ hẹn
- Patients can benefit from faster - patient (n): bệnh nhân
treatment.
patient (a): kiên nhẫn
patience (n): sự kiên nhẫn
- Many people prefer to pay for a - prefer (v): thích hơn, ưu tiên hơn
personal service.
= favor
to prefer A to B: thích cái A hơn
cái B
to prefer to do sth: thích làm
điều gì hơn
- Patients have their own room and - comfortable (a): thoải mái
more comfortable facilities. >< uncomfortable (a): không thoải
mái, khó chịu
comfort (n): sự thoải mái
to live in comfort: sống thoải
mái, sung túc
words of comfort: lời an ủi
Alternative Medicine: Positives

- People are increasingly using - illness (n): bệnh tật
alternative medicines to treat
illnesses. = ailment
= sickness
= disease
- For example, acupuncture can - acupuncture (n): thuật châm cứu
be used to treat backache.
- backache (n): bệnh đau lưng
toothache (n): đau răng
headache (n): đau đầu
stomachache (n): đau bao tử
- Herbal medicines can be used to - allergy (n): bệnh dị ứng
treat allergies or viruses. to have an allergy to sth: bị
dị ứng với cái gì đó
allergic (a): dị ứng
- Many patients report positive - experience (n): kinh nghiệm, trải
experiences with these treatments nghiệm
to learn by experience: rút
kinh nghiệm
experience (v): trải nghiệm
to experience sth: trải qua
điều gì
- Some traditional cures have - cure (n): cách chữa trị, điều trị,
been used for hundreds of years.
phương thuốc
cure (v): chữa bệnh, điều trị
= heal
= ameliorate
= better
= improve
to cure a patient: điều trị
cho bệnh nhân
Alternative Medicine: Negatives

- Many alternative medicines have - test (v): kiểm tra, thử thách
not been tested scientifically.
= examine
= check
= verify
- They may have no beneficial - beneficial (a): có ích, có lợi
effect at all.
= profitable
= advantageous
- They may cause unknown side - side effects: tác dụng phụ
effects.
- People should trust the opinions - qualified (a): đủ khả năng, đủ tư
of qualified doctors.
cách
to be qualified for sth: đủ
điều kiện cho việc gì đó
= to be eligible for sth
- An illness could get worse without - to get worse: trở nên tồi tệ hơn
treatment from a doctor.
= to worsen
= to aggravate
= to deteriorate
= to impair
= to depress
Stress
- Modern lifestyles are increasingly - stressful (a): căng thẳng
stressful.
= distressing
stress (n): sự căng thẳng
- People work long hours with - deadline (n): hạn chót
strict deadlines.
to miss a deadline: trễ hạn
to meet a deadline: đáp
ứng được hạn chót, nộp đúng
hạn
- Our busy lifestyles mean we have - busy (a): bận rộn
less time to relax.
= restless
to be busy with sb’s work:
bận rộn với công việc của mình
to be busy doing sth: bận rộn
- Unemployment is a major cause - a cause of sth: là nguyên nhân

of stress. của điều gì đó
to cause sth: gây ra điều gì đó
= to lead to sth
= to account for sth
-Children may be affected by their - affect (v): gây ảnh hưởng, tác
parents’ relationship problems. động
= alter
= influence
= disturb (tiêu cực)
= upset (tiêu cực)
- Tests and exams can also cause - exam (n): bài kiểm tra
stress.
examine (v): kiểm tra
= check
= test
= verify
How to Reduce Stress
-Stress can be reduced by taking - reduce (v): giảm
regular exercise and eating a
healthy diet. = diminish
= lessen
-It is also important to get sufficient - sufficient (a): đủ
sleep and make leisure time a
priority. = enough
= adequate
- to make sth a priority: ưu tiên cái
gì đó
- People should work less overtime - to take a holiday: đi nghỉ, đi du
and take regular holidays.
lịch
= to go on holiday
= to go on vacation
- Schools have started to employ - employ (v): tuyển dụng
psychologists.
= hire
= engage (thuê người ở)
= enlist (tòng quân)
= retain (thuê luật sư)
- They can offer emotional support - emotional (a): nhạy cảm, cảm
to students.
động
= sensitive
= moving
= affecting
-They can help students to cope - to cope with sth: đương đầu với,
with exam stress.
đối phó với điều gì đó
= to contend with sth
= to face sth
= to be faced with sth

Ideas For Topics - Ielts Writng Task 2 - Ielts Fighter 2020

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IELTS Fighter - Trung Tâm Luyện Thi IELTS số 1 Việt Nam

Website: ielts-fighter.com | Hotline: 0903 411 666

10. GLOBAL ISSUES............................................................................................................................69

11. GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY..............................................................................................................75

12. GUNS AND WEAPONS........................................................................................................................84

14. HOUSING AND ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................102

18. SPORT AND LEISURE.................................................................................................................118

19. TELEVISION, INTERNET, PHONES.........................................................................................124

21. TRADITIONAL VS. MODERN....................................................................................................136

IDEAS FOR IELTS TOPIC – IELTS FIGHTER

 IELTS là gì? Tất tần tật về kỳ thi IELTS: XEM NGAY

Website: ielts-fighter.com | Hotline: 0903 411 666

Các em thân mến,

Cuốn sách được bố trí như sau:

Phần 3: Các ideas được nêu ra cho vấn đề trên.

➤ Giải đáp 20 thắc mắc về IELTS: TẠI ĐÂY

QUYỂN SÁCH NÀY DÀNH CHO AI?

LÀM THẾ NÀO ĚỂ ĚẠT 7.0 IELTS HOẶC CAO HƠN?

LÀM THẾ NÀO CHUẨN BỊ CHO IELTS WRITING TASK 2?

LÀM THẾ NÀO SỬ DỤNG NHỮNG Ý TƯỞNG NÀY?

 The mobile phone is the most popular gadget in today’s world.

TỪ Ý TƯỞNG ĐẾN ĐOẠN VĂN

The main reason people go to work is to earn money.

Sau đây là các ý tưởng cho một đoạn văn:

 Agree that money is the main reason people work

Kết nối những ý tưởng trên, chúng ta có đoạn như sau:

To tell sb about sth: Nói cho ai đó biết

Advertisements inform us about the Choice (n): Sự lựa chọn

A creative industry (n): Một ngành công

Without advertising we would have Without sth: Nếu không có sth

Higher unemployment (n): Tình trạng

Advertising is a form of modern art To be a form of sth: Là một dạng của…

People enjoy adverts To enjoy sth (v): Thích, thưởng thức

To manipulate sb (v): Kiểm soát hoặc ảnh

To aim to persuade people: Nhằm mục

A consumer culture (n): Nền văn hóa tiêu

Chúng ta cũng có một số cụm từ có liên

Be persuaded to do sth: Được

Opinions about Advertising

Should be regulated: Nên được kiểm soát

Advertising aimed at children To aim at sb: Nhằm vào ai đó

Unhealthy foods should not be To attract sb: Thu hút ai đó

In some countries it is illegal to To be illegal: Phạm pháp

However, advertising is necessary in

Animals are used in important Scientific research (n):

To do medical tests on new

Medical breakthroughs: Đột phá

Many important medical

Researchers aim to minimize the To minimize sth: Giảm thiểu cái gì

Testing for the cosmetics industry To be banned: Bị cấm

Arguments against Animal Testing

To publish sth: Xuất bản

An alternative method (n): Một

Computer simulation can be used Simulation (n): Giả lập

Humans have no moral right to do To have no right to do sth:

Arguments for Vegetarianism

Many people choose a vegetarian A vegetarian diet (n): Chế độ ăn

A healthy diet is possible without A healthy diet (n): Chế độ ăn

It is unnecessary to kill animal for

A vegetarian diet may reduce the To reduce the risk of

Many people question the To question sth: Đặt câu hỏi,

Arguments against Vegetarianism

Meat-eaters argue that animals