ALBERT-LUDWIGS-

UNIVERSITÄT FREIBURG
Prof. Dr. Leonhard Reindl
Lehrstuhl El. Mess- und Prüfverfahren

Signal Processing
Exercise Nr. 1 SS2016

Linear time invariant System

Definition 1: A transformation rule can be described as system, which assigns a (complex) time
function x1(t) explicitly to a (complex) time function y1(t).
x1(t)  y1(t)
x1 (t) y1 (t)
Stimulus  Response System
y1(t) = T{x1(t)}
T is an operator that is the mapping function applied to the original function x1(t).

Definition 2: Linear System:

x1(t)  y1(t) if x1 leads to y1 and

x2(t)  y2(t) if x2 leads to y2 then

If: c1 * x1(t) + c2 * x2(t)  c1 * y1(t) + c2 * y2(t) (c1, c2 = constants)

is valid, the system is linear.

Linearity implies two principles:

Homogenity: x1(t)  y1(t) => c1 * x1(t)  c1 * y1(t)

Superposition: x1(t)  y1(t) and x2(t)  y2(t) => x1(t) + x2(t)  y1(t) + y2(t)

Definition 3: A system x1(t)  y1(t) is time invariant, if for any fixed time delay :
x1(t-)  y1(t-)

Definition 4: A system x1(t)  y1(t) is a linear time invariant system, if the principle of linearity
and of time invariance holds.

Signal Processing, Exercise Nr. 1 1/2

 ALBERT-LUDWIGS-
UNIVERSITÄT FREIBURG
Exercise:
a) Analyse whether the principle of linearity and of time invariance hold on the following
transformations:
1. y1(t) = k · x1(t)
2. y1(t) = k + x1(t)
3. y1(t) = s(t) · x1(t)

b) Using the time function s(t), x1(t) and x1(t-) as shown in the following diagram, draw y1(t) and
y’1(t-).

s(t)

x1(t) t

y1(t) t

x1(t-) t

y’1(t-) t

Signal Processing, Exercise Nr. 1 2/2