Chapter 3.

Mathematical
Modelling Principles

Prof. TV Ojumu (PhD)

E-mail: ojumut@cput.ac.za

Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

 3.3 Isothermal CSTR: The model used to predict the concentration of the product, CB,
A→B rA = -kCA
in3.3
an isothermal
Figure Isothermal CSTR: The model usedintothis
3.2 CSTR will be formulated exercise. The reactionofoccurring in the
reactor
Isothermal is CSTR: The model
Question 3 predict the concentration the product, CB,
in an isothermal
Concentration CSTR
of component A used
will be the
in to feed
predict
formulated is the
C concentration
inA0this exercise.
, and of
nothe
there isThe product,
reaction
component CBB, in the
occurring in the
n isothermal
feed.reactor CSTR
is
The assumptions will be forformulated
this problem in are
this exercise. The reaction occurring in the
tor is 3.3 Isothermal CSTR:
A → BThe model used
rA = -kCtoA predict the concentration of the product, CB,
in an isothermal CSTRAwill → Bbe formulated rA = -kC in0 Athis exercise. The reaction occurring in the
F
reactor
1. the is
Concentration tank is of
→ component
A well Bmixed, rAA= -kC in the
A
feed is CA0, and there is no component B in the
2. The
feed. negligible heat transfer,
assumptions for this problem are
Concentration of
3. constant flow rate, component A in the feed is CA0, and there is no component B in the
centration A →this
Bfeed is CrAA0are
=, and
-kCAthere is no component B in the
4. of
feed. Thecomponent
constant physicalA
assumptions inforthe
properties, problem F0
. The assumptions
5. constant
1. the tank for isthis
volume, wellproblem
mixed, are
Concentration
6. 2.no heat of component
of reaction,
negligible and
heat transfer, A in the feed is C F0A0, and there is no component B in the
feed. 1.
The
7. 3.the the
systemtank
constant is well
assumptions
isflow
initiallymixed,
rate,for this problem
at steady state. F0 are
1. the tank4.2. negligible
is well mixed,
constant heat transfer,
physical properties,
2. negligible3.
5. heat constant flow
transfer,
constant volume, rate, F0
3. constant6.4. noconstant
flow
1. rate,
the
heattank physical
of is properties,
well mixed,
reaction, and Figure 3.3
4. constant 5. constant
physical
7.2. negligible
the system volume,
properties,
isheat transfer,
initially at steady state.
5. constant6. no
volume,
3. heat offlow
constant reaction,
rate, and
6. a) Develop
no heat 7.
of thethe
4. reaction,
constant differential
system
and equations
is initially
physical that can be used to determine the dynamic
at steady state.
properties,
response
7. the system of theat
5. is constant
initially concentration
steady state. of component B in the reactor, C B(t), for a given
volume,
6. no heat of reaction, and Figure 3.3
CA0(t).
7. the system is initially at steady state. Figure 3.3
b) Relate the gain(s) and time constant(s) to the process parameters.
a) Develop the differential equations that
3.3can inbe used to determine the dynamic
c) Solve for C B(t) in response to aFigurestep change CinA0the ∆CA0.
(t), reactor,
response
a) Develop of the concentration
the differential of
equationscomponent
thatofcan B C B(t),the
fordynamic
a given
d) Sketch the shape of the dynamic behavior C Bbe used to determine
(t).
Develop the Cresponse
A0(t).
differential
of the equations that can
concentration of be usedFigure
component B3.3
to determine the dynamic
in the reactor, C B(t), for a given
b) Relate
response ofCthe the gain(s) and time constant(s) to the process
concentration of component B in the reactor, C B(t), for a given
A0(t).
parameters.
C c)a) Solve
A0(t). b)
Develop
Relate forthethe
C differential
B(t) in response
gain(s) equations
and time to a stepthat
constant(s) canthe
change
to bein used
CA0(t),
process ∆CA0.
to determine the dynamic
3.4 Inventory Level: Process plants have many tanks that parameters.
store material. Generally,
Relate d)c)
theisresponse
Sketch
gain(s)
Solve the
and
for of the
(t) concentration
shape
Ctime of the toofthe
dynamic
constant(s)
in response component
abehavior
process
step CBBininCthe(t),
ofparameters.
change (t). reactor,
∆CA0.C Boccurs
(t), for a given
the goal to smooth differences
B in flows among units, andA0no reaction in these
CA0(t).
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