ES 2 THEORY THIRD 3RD MEETING DEC 28, 2020

THEORY OF TRANSLATION
3RD MEETING DEC 21/2020
SARMAG S2 semester 1

THEORY … 3RD MEETING DECEMBER 28

There are many terms used in principle of translation as well as in

translation strategies. Those terms are very much related to their
respective theories.
Now you have to find out the theories of each of those terms and give
examples taken from an English source as well as from an Indonesian
source as you have done in the previous assignment.
For example, the term expansion
Theory of expansion
Nida and Taber (1982) stated that ” there is a tendency for all good translation to be
somewhat longer than the originals” (p. 163) .

Example 1:

Source Language: 1 word Target Language: 3 words

“Yes, Dad,” he answered diffidently, “I’m
going to Harvard.”
Segal (1985) The Class. London: Bantam
Press, p. 12
“Benar, Dad,” jawab Danny acuh tak acuh.
“Aku akan ke Harvard.”
Threes Susilastuti (1997) Kelas ’58. Segal
(trans). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama,
p. 23

Comment:
One word …diffidently… is translated into …acuh tak acuh….which consists of 3
words. The translation strategy used in translating from one word into three words is
called expansion. It belongs to distribution change.

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ASSIGNMENT
A. Look for the theories of the terms below and give examples
respectively from your source books (English and Indonesian): à
present them
1) loan 2) calque 3) transposition 4) unit shift 5) Distribution change
6) synonomy 7) antonymy
B. Download Memes of Translation by Andrew Chesterman
C. Read Chapter 4: “Translation Strategy”

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Assignment 3
1. Loan Translation

Duff (1990) stated that “loan is translation strategy is to take a word or expression
straight from another language (without change)” (p. 13).

Source Language Target Language

The man she’d loved with all her heart had Pria yang dia cintai dengan sepenuh hatinya
traded her in for a newer model. telah memperdagangkannya untuk model
yang lebih baru
Sherrly, W. (2007). Stealling Home. Buditjahya, U. (2010). Hati yang Terenggut.
Arlington: MIRA Books, p. 5 (Trans) Jakarta: Grasindo, p. 3

Comment:
“Model” is here is taken directly from English into Indonesian without changes.

2. Synonymy Translation
Duff (1990) stated that “synonym translation can use the adjacent target language of the
same language as the source language” (p. 42).

Source Language Target Language

“Well, it’s true. I don’t know how I got so "Ya itu benar. Saya tidak tahu bagaimana saya
lucky.” bisa seberuntung itu. "
Sherrly, W. (2007). Stealling Home. Buditjahya, U. (2010). Hati yang Terenggut.
Arlington: MIRA Books, p. 187 (Trans) Jakarta: Grasindo, p. 190
Comment :
Only the word lucky synonim

3. Unit Shift
Duff (1990 ) stated that “is translation strategy that change the unit of SL, such as word
into the phrase, phrase into clause and a phrase into word” (p.15).
Source Language Target Language
He shrugged. “I don’t think I’ll see the end Dia mengangkat bahu. Batuk lagi. “Saya
of this summer,” he said tidak berpikir saya akan melihat akhir
musim panas ini,” katanya
Hosseini, K. (2003). The Kite Runner. Hosseini, K. (2007). Ada Layang-layang di
Washington: Riverhead Books, p. 192 Langit Kabul (Trans). Jakarta: PT Kompas
Media, p. 198

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 Comment :
The English word summer is translated into musim panas which is a phrase. It means
that there is a change of rank, namely from a word to a phrase in Indonesian.

4. Distribution change
Larson (1998) stated that “First of all, it is essential that the translator accept the fact that
a single source language word may be translated by one word or by a number or words in
the receptor language ...” (p. 140).
Example of Distribution Change
Source Language 1 word Target Language 3 words (Expansion)

“You must wait a little, Jane. We’re in the “Kau harus menunggu sebentar, Jane. Kita
middle of supper” kan masih di tengah acara makan malam”
Christie, A. (1933). Lord Edgware Dies. Lily Wibisono. (1986). Mati- nya Lord
New York: Collins Crime Club, p. 20 Edgware (Trans.). Jakarta: PT. Gramedia,
p. 20
Comment :
The word… supper consist of one word and is tranlated into …acara makan malam
…which consist of 3 words . This translation strategy is called expansion which
belongs to distribution change.

5. Antonymy Translation
Larson (1998) stated that “the antonym of the word is the exact opposite, or contrast in
some particular part of its meaning”. (p. 79)

Example of Antonym

Source Language Target Language

When Maddie was too tired and too sad to Dan saat Maddie tidak terlalu bersemangat
fight for herself. dan tidak terlalu bahagia untuk
memperjuangkan dirinya sendiri.
Sherrly, W. (2007). Stealling Home. Buditjahya, U. (2010). Hati yang
Arlington: MIRA Books, p. 7 Terenggut. (Trans) Jakarta: Grasindo, p. 8

Comment : the translator has the words tired opposite to bersemangat and sad
opposite to bahagia which are antonyms.

6. Calque

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 Peter Newmark (1998) found that “Calque or through translation used to translate
phrase or common collocation” (p.46).
Source Language Target Language
“It’s an unusual present, I know” “Ini memang hadiah yang tak biasa”
Hosseini, K. (2003). The Kite Runner. Hosseini, K. (2007). Ada Layang-layang di
Washington: Riverhead Books, p. 51 Langit Kabul (Trans). Jakarta: PT Kompas
Media, p. 67

Comment:
The word a unusual present applied common collocation/sanding kata.

7. Transposition
Vinay and Darbelnet (2000) stated that “transposition translation changes grammatical
category, e.g. from noun to verb, adjective to adverb ” (p. 49).

Source Language: Adjective Target Language:Verba

while she herself was frozen and empty Sementara dia sendiri membeku dan
inside. kosong di dalam
Sherrly, W. (2007). Stealling Home. Buditjahya, U. (2010). Hati yang
Arlington: MIRA Books, p. 22 Terenggut. (Trans) Jakarta: Grasindo, p. 25

Comment :
The word …frozen ( adjective) in SL changes into membeku (verb) in TL.