Lecture 3: HFSS For 3D: Introduction To ANSYS HFSS

Lecture 3: HFSS for 3D
Introduction to ANSYS HFSS
1 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. December 22, 2015 Release 2016.0

Getting Started
• Objectives
• This lecture will provide an overview of the HFSS 3D CAD Workflow and User Interface
• It will use a class lead example to get students acquainted with the user interface and highlight the general steps taken to
create and analyze a design
• Details of these various steps will be presented in later lectures.
• Launching ANSYS Electronics Desktop

• To access HFSS, click the Microsoft Start button, select
All Programs > ANSYS Electromagnetics > ANSYS Electromagnetics Suite 17.0. Select ANSYS Electronics Desktop 2016

The ANSYS Electronics Desktop
• To insert an HFSS 3D CAD Design
• Select Project > Insert HFSS Design from the AEDT Menu Bar

The ANSYS Electronics Desktop
Menu bar
Toolbars
HFSS Modeler Window HFSS-IE Modeler Window

Project Manager
with project tree
Property Window Circuit Schematic Window HFSS 3D Layout Window
Message
Manager
Progress
Status Bar
Window

Project Manager Window Project Branch
EM Design Branch
3D Layout
• ANSYS Electronics Desktop – Project Manager
• Provides quick access to Design Setup Commands and Results
• Allows Multiple Projects per Desktop
• Allows Multiple Designs per Project enabling users to group linked analyses
• Provides Integrated Optimetrics Setup for design space exploration
3D CAD Design Branch

– Optimetrics requires an additional license
Design Setup
HFSS
Design Automation
●Parametric ●Optimization
●Sensitivity ●Statistical
Post-Processing
Definitions
Project
Activating the Model Editor
• Activating the 3D Model Editor will bring the Graphics Area to the Desktop’s forefront
– This is particularly useful when other windows are obscuring the 3D Modeler from view
• Activating the 3D Model can also be done by Selecting HFSS > 3D Model Editor from the menu bar .
• Alternatively, double left click the HFSS 3D CAD design icon

3D Model Editor
• Geometry is displayed in the 3D Model Editor Graphics Area
• 3D Model Tree provides list of all Objects, Coordinate Systems and Planes defined in the model
3D Modeler Tree
Graphics Area

Geometry
Changing the View
Rotate Around
Current Axis Zoom In/Out Fit Selected
Pan
Fit All
Rotate Around Predefined View Angles
Rotate Around Screen Center Dynamic Zoom
Model Center Top
– Context Menu
Left Right
Bottom
– Shortcuts
• Since changing the view is a frequently used operation, some useful shortcut keys exist. Press the appropriate keys and drag
the mouse with the left button pressed:
– Fit All: Ctrl + D
– Rotate: ALT + Drag or Click Center Mouse Button (click wheel) + Drag
• In addition, there are 9 pre-defined view angles that can be selected by holding the ALT key and double clicking on
the locations shown on the next page.
– Pan: Shift + Drag
– Dynamic Zoom: ALT + Shift + Drag or Mouse Wheel

Primitives
• The model’s geometry is described through primitives and boundary condition
• Primitives are the physical building blocks for every geometrical object in the 3D Model Editor
• There are 4 basic types of primitives available within the 3D Model Editor
– Solids
• Occupy volume
• Material definition defines its electromagnetic properties Mesh
• Electric fields are solved within a solid’s volume Fills Solids
• Tetrahedral mesh placed inside the solid’s volume
and conforms to its faces
– Sheets
• Defines surfaces throughout the geometry
• Does not occupy volume
Mesh
• Boundary conditions define its electromagnetic properties
Conforms to
• Can be used as a building block for complex solids Sheets
• Can be used to define boundary conditions
• Tetrahedral mesh will conform to sheet surfaces
– Lines
• Used to create trace paths by defining a cross-section
• Can be used as a building block for complex sheets or solids
The mesh is not
• Does NOT impact mesh affected by lines and
– Points points
• Used almost exclusively for field post-processing purposes

Background Definition
• Any undefined volumetric region in the model is considered part of the “background”
• The background material properties are chosen to eliminate the need to solve the fields in it
– In Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations the background is considered a perfect conductor
• The electric field is 0 V/m inside a perfect conductor
– In Integral Equation simulations the background is considered a vacuum
• The electric and magnetic current densities is 0 A/m inside a vacuum
• Overriding the material properties of the “background”

• An object or Region of a specified material property needs fill in the volume of interest
• A boundary condition must be applied to the outside of the object or region to properly terminate the fields.
Background
Definition

Model Overview
• Model Overview
• Microstrip transmission line with a mitred 90o bend
• The board is made of FR-4

Initial Project Setup
• Opening a New Project
• If a new project and new design are not already opened, then:
– In HFSS Desktop, click the  On the Standard toolbar,
or select the menu item File > New
– From the Project menu, select Insert HFSS Design
• Set Solution Setup

• Select the menu item HFSS > Solution Type
– Make sure:
• Solution Type is Terminal
• Driven Option is Network Analysis
– Click the OK button
• Set Model Units

• Select the menu item Modeler > Units
– Select Units: mm
• Save Project
• Select the menu item File > Save As
– Filename: MicrostripBend
– Click the Save button

Create Substrate
• Start by Creating the substrate
or
• Set Grid Plane
• Select the menu item Modeler > Grid Plane > XY
or select XY from the 3D Modeler Draw Tool bar
• Create Substrate
• Select the menu item Draw > Box
• Left Click at 3 places inside the graphics area to define the base and
height of the box.
Final Object
• Don’t worry about dimensions yet.
First Point
Second Point
Third Point

How to Create a Primitives
• Primitives are drawn by defining the position of its parameters
• This is done in two ways Point 1
– Left Clicking in the 3D Model Editor
– Using the Coordinate Entry fields at the bottom right hand corner of the 3D Model Editor
• The Grid Plane determines the primary “sketch” plane

• Base of box will be parallel to the defined grid plane
• Circular base of cylinder will be parallel to the defined grid plane
• Grid plane is set using the 3D Modeler Draw Toolbar or by selecting
Modeler > Grid Plane from the menu bar
• The Coordinate Entry fields allow equations

• Examples: 2*5, 2+6+8, 2*cos(10*(pi/180)).
• Variables are not allowed in the Coordinate Entry Field, but are allowed
in the object’s command properties
• Note: Trig functions are in radians
Point 2
Point 1
Grid Plane
Point 3
Point 3
Base Rectangle Point 2

Objects in 3D Model Tree
• Objects automatically show up in the 3D Model Tree after being created
• Objects are group by their material definitions (default)
• Selecting an object in the 3D Model Tree is equivalent to selecting the object in the graphics area

Selecting Geometry Objects, Faces, Edges and Vertexes
• Geometry can be selected by left clicking in the Graphics Area or by Selecting Objects in the 3D
Model Tree
• Selection Modes
• Users need to tell HFSS what aspect of the object they wish to select when clicking in the Graphics Area
• This is done by setting the 3D Modeler Selection Mode toolbar or by using the shortcut keys:
– O (Object)
– F (Face) 3D Modeler Selection Mode Note: To add the 3D Modeler Selection Mode
Toolbar to the visible desktop toolbars right click
– E (Edge)
on the toolbars and select it from the pop-up list
– V (Vertex)
• For objects located behind other objects users can click the b-key to select what is behind the
current selection

3D Modeler – Object Properties
• An object’s attribute controls its name, the material it is made of and how it looks in the 3D Model
Editor
• It is accessed by right clicking the object’s name in the 3D Model Tree and selecting Properties from the popup window.
Attributes
• Attributes Tab
• Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window.
– For the Value of Name type: Substrate
– For the Value of Material, select the drop down material selection menu by clicking on the current material name (“vacuum”)
• To assign a new material select Edit and browse the material library for “FR4_epoxy” and select OK
– Select OK on Properties to complete the material assignment
– Change the color and transparency as desired Material Library

3D Modeler – Object Properties
• An object’s command history controls primitive’s properties used to construct the object
• It is accessed by right clicking the primitive’s command in the 3D Model Tree and selecting Properties from the popup window
Commands
• Command Tab
• Select the Command Tab from the Properties window.
– For the Value of Position, type: -10, -10, 0
– For the Value of XSize: 20, Ysize: 20, Zsize: Substrate_Thickness
• Press Tab, Add Variable Window will appear
– Type value of 1mm and select OK
• Click the OK button to close Properties window

Controlling Variables
• Variables values can be controlled in 2 locations
1. In the Properties Window after Left Clicking the Project Manager’s HFSS Design Branch Icon
2. In the Design Properties Window

– Access by Right Clicking the Project Manager’s HFSS Design Branch Icon and selecting Design Properties from the popup window

Changing the view
• Changing the View: review the options
• Since changing the view is a frequently used operation, review some useful shortcut
keys
• Select the menu item View > Interaction to access the options and descriptions
• There are 9 pre-defined view angles that can be selected by holding the ALT key and
double clicking on the locations shown below as yellow circles
• Select the menu item View > Modify Attributes > Orientation List to access the
options and descriptions

Creating groundplane
• Creating groundplane
• Select the menu item Edit > Select > Faces
• Graphically select the bottom face of the substrate
– Note: you may have to use the b-key to select faces behind the
front face.
• Select the menu item Modeler > Surface > Create Object From
Face
– New 2D object “Substrate_ObjectFromFace” appears under
Model Tree’s Sheets Branch
• Access the Attribute tab for the new object
– For the Value of Name type: GND
– Change the color and transparency as desired
• Assign Perfect E Boundary

• Graphically or from Model Tree window, select the GND object
• Select the menu item HFSS > Boundaries > Assign > Perfect E

Creating Microstrip Bend
• Select Snap Mode
• Select Modeler > Snap mode
– Checked: Edge Center and Face center
• Note snapping symbols
• Hide parts of geometry

• From Modeler tree window, select Substrate
• Select the menu item View > Visibility > Show Only
Selection > Active View or use the shortcut

3D Model Editor Cursor Snapping
• In addition to using the Coordinate Entry Fields HFSS also allows users to select positions using the
mouse.
• When using the mouse it can be easierUsers can also snap the cursor to the grid or other object
features to guarantee alignment and placement
• Snapping is controlled by selecting Modeler > Snap Mode… from HFSS’s menu bar or through the 3D Modeler Snap Mode Toolbar
Grid Arc
Center
Vertex Edge Face Circular
Center Center Quadrant
• Cursor in Graphics Area will change to the corresponding shape identifying the type of feature it is snapped to
• Which feature the cursor snaps to can be controlled by turning on or off the snap feature

• Select top face of substrate
• Select the menu item Edit > Select > Faces
• Graphically select the top face of the substrate by left clicking it Point 1
• Create Relative Coordinate System

• Select the menu item Modeler > Coordinate System > Create >Face Snapped
CS cursor
• Move mouse pointing to the center of the selected face Point 2
– when the cursor turns to circle, left click the mouse to draw the
center of the new coordinate system. Circle indicates that cursor
is snapped to the center of the face.
• Move mouse pointing to the center of the edge perpendicular to
positive X axis
– when the cursor turns to triangle, left click the mouse to draw the
point indicating X direction of the new coordinate system. Triangle
indicates that cursor is snapped to the middle of the edge
• Expand Coordinate Systems line in Modeler Tree window. Notice
small red W letter indicating that new FaceCS1 is active

Point 1
• Draw the trace line
• Select the menu item Draw > Line
• Snap the cursor to the center of the top edge of substrate
perpendicular positive X axis
– when the cursor turns to triangle, left click the mouse to draw
1st point of the trace.
• Snap the cursor to the center of the top substrate face
Snapped
– when the cursor turns to circle, left click the mouse to draw 2nd
cursor
point of the trace. Point 2
• Draw the 3rd point by snapping to the top edge center
perpendicular positive Y axis
• Right mouse click
– Choose Done
– New 1D object “Polyline1” appeared under Lines entry in
Modeler Tree

• Parameterizing trace
• Access Command Tab of a polyline by double clicking on the line “CreatePolyline” the 3D modeler design tree
• Change Cross section options:
• Type: Line
• Width/Diameter: enter TraceWidth, Press Tab key
• Add Variable Window will appear
– Put value of 2mm and select OK
– Note that “Polyline1” turned into Sheet object

Creating lumped ports
• Creating geometry for lumped ports
• Select the menu item Edit > Select > Edges
• Using Ctrl button, graphically select the end edge of the trace and the
corner edge of the substrate
• Select the menu item Modeler > Edge > Create Object From Edge Edge 1
– Two new objects appeared under Lines entry in Modeler Tree
• With lines still selected, use the menu item Draw > Sweep > Along Path
– Accept default options, click the Ok button
Edge 2 Selected
– New 2D object appeared under Sheets entry in Modeler Tree
edges
– For the Value of Name type: port1

Creating lumped ports
• Creating geometry for lumped ports (contd.)
• Repeat steps to create the second port
– For the Value of Name type: port2
Selected
• Return back to selecting faces mode edges

• Adding the thickness to the trace
• Graphically or from Modeler tree window, select the sheet object representing trace, “Polyline1”
• Select the menu item Modeler > Surface > Thicken Sheet
• Type TraceThick, Press Tab key
• Add Variable Window will appear
– Put value of .2mm and select OK
– Note that “Polyline1” turned into Solid object assigned to vacuum material
• By double clicking on ThickenSheet entry in the Modeler tree window, one can edit the options

Modifying Properties of Trace
• Attributes Tab
• Access the Attribute tab for the object representing trace, “Polyline1”
–For the Value of Name type: Trace
–For the Value of Material, assign “copper”
–Change the color and transparency as desired
• View All
• Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View. Or press the CTRL+D key
Properties Window

Assigning Ports
• Assign Excitation
• Graphically or from Modeler tree window, select the port1 object
• Select the menu item HFSS > Excitations > Assign > Lumped Port
– Select the options as shown in the picture
• Repeat for the second port using port2 object
• Expand the Excitations in Project Manager
– Click on 1.
– This will highlight the port

Assigning Open Model
• Create surrounding air box and assign radiation
boundary
• Select the menu item HFSS > Model > Create Model Region
– Operating Frequency: 10GHz
– Boundary: Radiation
– Note that new vacuum object with radiation boundary assigned
to its faces is created

Solution Setup
• Creating an Analysis Setup
• Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis
Setup > Add Solution Setup
Add Solution Setup
–Click the General tab: Toolbar
• Solution Frequency: 10 GHz

• Maximum Number of Passes: 6
–Click the OK button

Add Frequency Sweep
• Adding a Frequency Sweep
• Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Add Sweep
Sweep Toolbar
– Select Solution Setup: Setup1

• Edit Sweep Window:
– Sweep Type: Interpolating
– Frequency Setup Type: Linear Step
• Start: 0.0 GHz
• Stop: 10.0 GHz
• Step: 0.1 GHz
– Window with the warning recommending to set
“Automatically use causal materials” may appear
• Click the OK button to close the warning window
– Click the OK button to close Frequency sweep
window

HFSS Workflow
GUI Mesh
Design Setup Solve HPC
Geometry Materials Boundaries Solve Setup
Excitations
Solution Process
Adaptive Frequency Post
Initial Mesh Solve
Mesh Sweep Processing
HPC HPC

Analyze
• Save Project
• Select the menu item File > Save Validate Analyze All
• Model Validation
• Select the menu item HFSS > Validation Check
–Click the Close button
• Note: To view any errors or warning messages, use the
Message Manager.
• Analyze
• Select the menu item HFSS > Analyze All

HFSS – Automated solution process
Initial Mesh Refine Mesh Freq. Sweep
Geometry Initial Mesh Converged Mesh
Geometric Mesh Electrical Mesh Adaptive Port

Initial Mesh
Initial Mesh Seeding/Lambda Refinement Refinement
Mesh Refinement Solve
Adaptive Mesh
Creation
No Yes
Quantify Mesh
Max(|DS|)<goal? Frequency Sweep
Accuracy

S-Parameter Post-Processing
Post
Processing
Matrix Data: Simulation results are updated real-time during the solution process so this is
Matrix Data the best place to monitor the progress of the adaptive mesh process. Users can also view
the Profile and Convergence from the same dialog
Reports: Reports can be updated dynamically and they are stored with the project so
Reports the plots or tables are recalled when the project is reopened. Reports support user defined
equations and advanced data markers.
Network Data NDE: Makes it easy to interactively view plots of S-Parameters. It simplifies viewing data
sets for design with large port counts. NDE also supports passivity and causality tests,
Explorer (NDE) SPICE and state-space model creation, and can be used to compare multiple datasets.

Viewing Results
• Create Reports
• Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Create
Terminal Solution Data Report> Rectangular
Plot
–Solution: Setup1: Sweep
–Domain: Sweep
• Category: Terminal S Parameter
• Quantity: St(Trace_T1, Trace_T1),
St(Trace_T1, Trace_T2),
• Function: dB
• Click New Report button
–Click Close button

Post Processing – Field Overlay
• Return to 3D modeler
• To return to the 3D modeler window, select the menu item Window > MicrostripBend – HFSS Design1 - Modeler
• Create Field Overlay

• From the 3D Model tree, select Trace and GND objects using Ctrl key
• Select the menu item HFSS > Fields > Plot Fields > J > Mag_Jsurf
– Solution: Setup1 : LastAdaptive
– Quantity: Mag_E
– Click the Done button
• Select the menu item HFSS > Fields > Modify Plot Attributes
– Select Plot Folder Window, Click the OK button
– Jsurf Window:
• Click the Scale tab
– Scale: Log
• If real time mode is not checked, click the Apply button.
– Click the Close button
• To Animate the field plot:
– Select the menu item HFSS > Fields> Animate
• Click the OK button

Editing Objects
• Arranging Objects
• An object’s position and orientation can also be modified by applying additional commands to the object’s history in addition to
changing a command’s properties.
• Arrange Commands can be found by selecting Edit > Arrange … from HFSS’s Toolbar or through the Toolbar Icons
– Move: Translates the object(s) through 3D space by defining a translation vector.
• Translation vectors are defined by defining a first point (in 3D space)
for the vector’s tale and a second point for the vector’s tip.
– Rotate: Translates the object(s) around one of the coordinate system axis
• Relative coordinate systems can be defined to rotate around axis not Move Mirror
corresponding to the Global Coordinate System Axis.
Rotate
– Mirror: Flips an object about a plane
• The plane is defined through a vector describing it’s normal vector.
• The normal vector is defined by specifying to points. The first point must lie on the plane’s surface and a second point forms a
line (with the first point) that is perpendicular to plane.
• Duplicating Objects
• Objects can also be duplicated
• Duplicate commands can be found by selecting Edit > Duplicate… from HFSS’s Toolbar or through the Toolbar Icons
– Along a Line: Creates several versions of the object(s) translated in 3D space
• Translation vectors are defined by defining a first point (in 3D space)
for the vector’s tale and a second point for the vector’s tip.
– Around An Axis: Creates several versions of the object(s) translated
around an axis Along a Line Mirror
– Mirror: Creates a flipped copy of an object about a plane. Around an Axis

Intersecting Solids
• What happens when two solids occupy the same volume?
• When two solids occupy the same volume HFSS follows certain rules to rectify to the conflict
– If one solid is completely enclosed within the other solid HFSS uses the smaller solid’s material properties in the overlapping
region. In essence, it subtracts the smaller solid from the larger solid.
Solid 2
er2, mr2, tande2, tandm2, s2 Note: Even when the two solids share a
face, one of them can be considered
completely enclosed within the other.
Solid 1
er1, mr1, tande1, tandm1, s1
– If one solid is not completely enclosed within the other solid the user must manually rectify the intersection by taking advantage of
Boolean Operations
• Boolean operations are also used to create more complex objects from simple primitives
Boolean Operations
Solid 2
er2, mr2, tande2, tandm2, s2
Unite Intersect Imprint
Solid 1 Subtract Split
? er1, mr1, tande1,

tandm1, s1 Modeler > Boolean from the
3D Model Editor’s toolbar
Enable Material Override
• Sometimes it is inconvenient to manually subtract partially overlapping solids (ex: via in PCB).
• Enable Material Override adds additional rules to help the 3D Model Editor resolves partial overlaps
1.If the overlap exists between a good conductor and a dielectric the good conductor takes precedence
2.Overlaps between solids of the same material are reduced to warnings messages
HFSS > HFSS Design Settings

from HFSS’s menu bar
Enable Material Override eliminates the need to subtract the vias from
the substrates. HFSS automatically performs the subtraction because
the metal vias override the dielectric substrate in the region of overlap.
Vias overlaps
multiple substrates
Electronics Desktop 3D Model Editor Keyboard
Shortcuts
General Shortcuts 3D Modeller Shortcuts
 F1: Help  B: Select face/object behind current selection  CTRL + Left Mouse Click: Shifts the local coordinate
system temporarily
 F1 + Shift: Context help  F: Face select mode
 SHIFT + Left Mouse Button: Drag
 F4 + CTRL: Close window  O: Object select mode
 Alt + Left Mouse Button: Rotate model
 Hold X: Curser movement restricted
 CTRL + C: Copy to x direction  Alt + SHIFT + Left Mouse Button: Zoom in / out
 CTRL + N: New project  Hold Y: Curser movement restricted  F3: Switch to point entry mode
 CTRL + O: Open... to y direction (i.e. draw objects by mouse)
 Hold Z: Curser movement restricted  F4: Switch to dialogue entry mode
 CTRL + S: Save to z direction (i.e. draw object solely by entry in
 CTRL + P: Print... command and attributes box.)
 CTRL + A: Select all visible objects
 F6: Render model wire frame
 CTRL + V: Paste  CTRL + SHIFT + A: Deselect all objects
 F7: Render model smooth shaded
 CTRL + X: Cut  CTRL + D: Fit view
 CTRL + Y: Redo
 CTRL + Z: Undo Predefined View Angles
 CTRL + 0: Cascade windows Top

 CTRL + 1: Tile windows horizontally
 CTRL + 2: Tile windows vertically
 Alt + Double Click Left Mouse Button at points on

screen: Sets model projection to standard isometric Left Right
projections (see diagram to the right).
 Alt + Double Click Right Mouse Button at points
on screen: give the nine opposite projections.
Bottom
Opening Pre-Installed Example Projects to Explore
• The ANSYS Electronics Desktop Pre-Installed Examples
• Examples for different products and application spaces are available from the menu bar
• Open Viawizard Example File and Experiment with Changing View and Selecting
• Select File > Open Examples… from HFSS’s menu bar to bring up the Examples Open Dialog Window
• Navigate to the HFSS > Signal Integrity folder
• Select viawizard.aedt file and click Open button

Lecture 3: HFSS For 3D: Introduction To ANSYS HFSS

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Lecture 3: HFSS for 3D

Introduction to ANSYS HFSS

1 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. December 22, 2015 Release 2016.0

• Launching ANSYS Electronics Desktop

2 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. December 22, 2015 Release 2016.0

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HFSS Modeler Window HFSS-IE Modeler Window

Property Window Circuit Schematic Window HFSS 3D Layout Window

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3D CAD Design Branch

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• Overriding the material properties of the “background”

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• Set Solution Setup

• Set Model Units

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• The Grid Plane determines the primary “sketch” plane

• The Coordinate Entry fields allow equations

Base Rectangle Point 2

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2. In the Design Properties Window

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• Assign Perfect E Boundary

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• Hide parts of geometry

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• Create Relative Coordinate System

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• Solution Frequency: 10 GHz

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– Select Solution Setup: Setup1

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Design Setup Solve HPC

Geometry Materials Boundaries Solve Setup

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Initial Mesh Refine Mesh Freq. Sweep

Geometry Initial Mesh Converged Mesh

Geometric Mesh Electrical Mesh Adaptive Port

Mesh Refinement Solve

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• Create Field Overlay