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Hands-on Certified Training on

Mechatronics

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with
Arduino

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Training by
Naveed ur Rehman

In assistance with

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Muhammad Amin Qureshi
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Lecture #2
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PLEASE NOTE
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Softcopy of study material will be shared on

Google Drive:
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http://goo.gl/2xij0V
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During class, use this link:

http://192.168.5.123/arduino
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Keep in touch and give us feedback at

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FB Event Page:
http://goo.gl/z4eWkF
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Arduino Boards

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You may choose from the variety of Arduino boards
available in market!
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Arduino Boards
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Processor: ATmega328
Operating voltage: 5V
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Input voltage: 7 – 12 V
CPU Speed: 16 MHz
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Analog in: 6
Analog out: 0
Digital I/O: 14
Arduino UNO R3 PWM: 6
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Learn more: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Products.Compare

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Arduino Boards

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Processor: ATmega2560
Operating voltage: 5 V

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Input voltage: 7 – 12 V
CPU Speed: 16 MHz
Analog in: 16

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Analog out: 0
Arduino Mega 2560 Digital I/O: 54
PWM: 15

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Learn more: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Products.Compare
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Arduino Boards
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Processor: AT91SAM3X8E
Operating voltage: 3.3 V
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Input voltage: 7 – 12 V
CPU Speed: 84 MHz
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Analog in: 12
Analog out: 2
Arduino Due Digital I/O: 54
PWM: 12
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Learn more: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Products.Compare

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Arduino Boards

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Processor: ATmega168/328
Operating voltage: 5 V

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Input voltage: 7–9V
CPU Speed: 16 MHz
Analog in: 8

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Analog out: 0
Arduino Nano Digital I/O: 14
PWM: 6

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Learn more: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Products.Compare
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Arduino Boards
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Arduino Yun
Learn more: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Products.Compare
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Arduino Uno R3

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Learn more: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno
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Powering Arduino
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Using USB cable

Using a Battery
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Using AC-DC adapter

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Powering, Operating Voltage & LED

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Arduino: Input and Output (I/O)

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Reference:
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Say, “I’m Arduino”

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Input devices (or sensors) in me:

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Eyes (you can see) and Nose (you can smell) etc.

Output devices (or mechanisms) in me:

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Tongue (you can talk), hands and legs (they move)

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Arduino: Input and Output (I/O)

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• Input and output devices work on Signals.
• Signals are the electrical means to transfer information

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between sensors (input devices) to Arduino and
Arduino to mechanisms (output devices).

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Signals
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High
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Low Digital Signals

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Max
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Min Intermediate
Analog Signals
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Signals: I/O Devices

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Input, Digital Output, Digital

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Input, Analog
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Arduino: Signals I/O

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There are several digital and analog input

and output (I/O) pins available on an
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Ardunio board.
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Lets calculate number of pins for

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Arduino Uno!
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Arduino: Electrical Signals I/O

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Digital I/O (#0 - #13)

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Analog Out ~ (#3,5,6,9,10,11)

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Digital I/O (#A0 - #A5)
Analog In (#A0 - #A5)
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Arduino: Signals I/O

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Congratulations! You calculated right numbers.

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Digital:
Input: 14 + 06 = 20
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Output: 14 + 06 = 20
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Analog:
Input: = 06
Output: = 06
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Arduino Programming
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Use Arduino IDE Make changes, do

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to write C/C++ improvements, add

codes (Sketches) new features and so
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on…
Fix bugs :(
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Compile them See programmed

and burn it to things working
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Arduino board in real !

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Arduino Programming: IDE

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1. Download the Arduino Software (or IDE):
http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

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2. Install it on your computer

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3. Click shortcut icon on Desktop to open IDE

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Arduino Programming: IDE

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1. Open IDE.
2. Connect Arduino board with
Computer using USB cable
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You are
3. Click Tools menu (it may
take slightly longer).
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4. Hover Board in Tools &

genius…make sure that right board

(Arduino Uno) is selected.
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5. Now, hover Port in Tools and

make sure that some COM
port is selected. Don’t worry
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about
Selfie the number written
time…!
next to COM.
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Arduino Programming: Default sketch

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Global space to declare and define global variables

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This is configuration part. It runs on power-up or reset.

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Things to run repeatedly – almost endlessley!
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Arduino Programming
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What you think you will be doing in Sketches !!! ???

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Mostly, these FOUR things:

1. Digital Writing
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2. Digital Reading
3. Analog Writing
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4. Analog Reading
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Huh!
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Arduino Programming: Writing & Reading

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Writing is like sending signal

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(or information) to a
mechanism (or output
device)

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Reading is like receiving
signal (or information) from
a sensor (or input device)
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Arduino Programming: Digital Write

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1.It is used to change the state of a mechanism to

either ON or OFF.
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2.If it is set to ON the mechanism, a HIGH signal

(+5V) is sent to mechanism.
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3.Vice versa, if it is set to OFF the mechanism, a

LOW signal (0 V) is sent to mechanism.
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4.It can be used to switch ON or OFF a LED, motor,

heater etc.
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Digital Write: Circuit

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Step #0: Schematic of circuit

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Digital Write: Sketch

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Step #1: Global space

Declare an integer variable with suitable name
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and define it with the digital I/O pin # (0 to 13) or

analog-in pin (A0 to A5).
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For example:
int dpin = 3;
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or
int dpin = A3;
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Digital Write: Sketch

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Step #2: Configure in setup()
Here, we will configure the pin mode i.e. the

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device is INPUT or OUTPUT. Use this statement:
pinMode(pin# or pin variable, mode);

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pin#: could be like 0 to 13 for digital I/O and A0 to
A5 for analog-in.

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pin variable: would be the exact name of variable
used in global space to define pin #.
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mode: could be either OUTPUT to write date or
INPUT to read data.
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Arduino Programming: Digital Write

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Step #2: Configure in setup()

As we want to write data to mechanism, use
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OUTPUT mode. For our program, we should write:

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pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
or
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pinMode(A3, OUTPUT);
or
pinMode(dpin, OUTPUT);
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Digital Write: Sketch

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Step #3: Play in loop()
In loop() you can actually send the data (or signal).

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As we are dealing with “Digital” signals, we can
write either HIGH (ON) or LOW (OFF).

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A statement used to write the digital data is:
digitalData(pin# or pin variable, state);

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state: it should be either HIGH or LOW.
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Digital Write: Sketch

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Step #3: Play in loop()

Lets say we want to send a HIGH signal, so we
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should write:
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digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
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digitalWrite(A3, HIGH);
or
digitalWrite(dpin, HIGH);
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Digital Write: Sketch

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int dpin = 3;
void setup() {

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// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(dpin,OUTPUT);

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}

void loop() {

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// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(dpin,HIGH);
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}
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Arduino Programming: Digital Write

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Making an Arduino circuit:

LED glowing
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Arduino Programming: Delay

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The delay statement gives a pause of given
milliseconds in loop().

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delay(milliseconds);

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For a delay of 1 second, write:
delay(1000);

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Arduino Programming: Digital Write

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int dpin = 3;
void setup() { Any
// put your setup code here, to run once:
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pinMode(dpin,OUTPUT);
}
idea,
what
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void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
digitalWrite(dpin,HIGH); will
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delay(1000);
digitalWrite(dpin,LOW); happen
delay(1000);
?
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}
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Arduino Programming: Digital Write

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Making an Arduino circuit:
LED switching On and Off

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Naveed ur Rehman Muhammad Amin Qureshi

r R #2

Expert Trainer Training Assistant

wwwnaveedurrehman.com fb.com/ameen85
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Hands-on Certified Training on Mechatronics with Arduino

held at NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi
Lecture

16 May to 14 Jun, 15
eh
du

Thank You!
We’ll love to hear from you!!
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http://goo.gl/z4eWkF
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