Ghazanfar Ali BRI: Belt and Road Initiative of China

Sir. Fareed Khan

“There are more People who have faced the same situation but no
one defeated them and in the end, they succeeded”
(Ghazanfar Ali)

BRI (Belt and road Initiative of China)

largest project of 21st century, It is 1.3 trillion Billion project biggest, and with collection
of 6 major corridors Investment in energy sector, Investment in road and railway
infrastructure, Special economic zone, development of Gwadar and investment in
agriculture structure etc.

1. CHINA Europe corridor

2. China central Asia Iran corridor
3. CPEC
4. China ASEAN corridor
5. China India Bangladesh Myanmar Corridor
6. China Magnolia Corridor
1 China Europa Corridor
China Central Asia and Europe
China Azerbaijan Turkey Europe
1. Bullet Train Project
2. Road Infrastructure
3. Special Economic Zones. China Central Asia Russia Europe 26 special economic
MOUS signed
4. Investment in the energy sector
a. Central Asia, Caspian sea
b. Russia
2 China Central Asia Iran Corridor
Alone Iran 480 Billion dollar investment
1. Investment in Energy , Alone Iran 400 billion dolor investment
IRAN Central Asia china gas pipeline
2. Railway Infrastructure, Bullet Train
3. Special Economic Zone
4. Chahbhar sea port
3. CPEC 4 Pulse 1 Project
4 Means
1. Investment in energy sector
2. Investment in road and railway infrastructure
Ghazanfar Ali BRI: Belt and Road Initiative of China
Sir. Fareed Khan

3. Special economic zone

4. development of Gwadar
4. China India Bangladesh Myanmar Corridor
1. Road Railway project
2. Green Energy Sector Carbon free energy
3. Sea Ports Investment
5. China INDAI Bangladesh Myanmar
1. China Myanmar oil Pipeline
2. Special economic zone
6. China Magnolia have same Investment Project except pipeline

Objects of China from BRI

1. China Wants the development of western china, BEJING WANTS TO DEVELOP
Western Provinces of china’s are land locked. More than 4800 away from any of sea
port of china so it need shorter excess, it have not shorter excess to sea that why it is
not developed, out of 6, 5 corridor started from western china, only one is with southern
china so focused is on western china, it would become three transit for continue Europe
ASIA Africa and. It is for Development in western china.
2. Shorter excess to the world Market: china’s Major Market Is Europe, china excess
through sea like East and South China Sea Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea Persian gulf.
Take 49 days from one side from chines Shanghai to England. 7 to 11 days from
corridor turkey 11 days and reduces distance by more than 20 thousand KM. chines
ship to reaches Shanghai 36 days from Saudi Arab. While it would take maximum 11
day by Pakistan and reduce distance by more than 12 thousand KM
a. Transport Cost reduce
b. Timely excess to the market
3. Alternative Trade routes systems: China has 1 major trade route as earlier that is ECS,
SCS. Bay of Bengal red sea etc., this route is phenomenal lengthy and risky, multiple
security threats south and East China Sea, specifically in Strait of Malacca. That is
heavily guarded by US navy, China is lessening its dependency on that route, and it is
constructing 6 new corridors. Neither US Navy seems to decline nor does China have
potential to replace US. China is focusing on railway tracks and roads, they would be
much shorter. More than 84 % this route therefore it is trying to diversifying through
BRI. China have alternative system and also for the world, Three continents EUROP,
ASIA and AFRICA. They would connect each other with sea also with BRI because its
shorter route.
4. China is linked with Developed with development of region The concept of collective
economic growth is not new but it also in Europe and America also in ASEAN and
china has also adopted because it is world 2nd largest and going to largest in 2028 and
neighborhood are under developed, weather in Central or Asian or other parts.
Therefore Agriculture Sea port, so uplift economies if neighbors but it is trying to linked
chines eco with European Asia and African economy with Link with BRI.
Ghazanfar Ali BRI: Belt and Road Initiative of China
Sir. Fareed Khan

China has linked its development with the development of its region. 1) The
establishment of special economic zones. Iran will have 5 established zones. Same way
South Asia will have industrializations. The development of Road and railway
infrastructure will be built
China is decentralizing its industry, 1) to develop neighborhood because its
neibourhood has been hurdle in China develop. Production cost is higher in China they
are spending in neibourhood to produce well
5. Through BRI China is making political and cultural expression through economic
china is extending Cultural and economic expansion, China heavily investing in BRI
countries where in Europe Asia and Africa, Decision making process are influencing
by china. All these countries can only make complement china because of BRI projects
in these countries. Not only that It would win over the allies of US in region for example
win over ASEAN countries through political influence it means that neutralized
ASEAN countries
6. Cultural
China’s Language program
China Cultural showed TV and Stage in BRI countries
The expansion of Confessions schools across BRI, it is ideology of communism for
example IN IRAN Pak NUML Myanmar etc.
Education Academia influence, China is providing largest no of scholarship to BRI. 15
k Pulse student scholarship for Pakistan.
7. Another major objective of BRI is, Military or defense access to the sea, Through
BRI china is also excess world seas Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh and Myanmar,
Arabian Sea. Through Chabhar and Gwadar also Turkish seas etc. in the contacts of
trade for example Pakistan Myanmar Iran there is possibility china’s defense relations
will increase, like Pakistan Srilanka, Bangladesh specially Navy relation. One hand
China is accessing Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and red sea.
It is accessing bullet train project second development of seaport, they are with the trade
perspective or economic perspective, but if we look into the approach of China
carefully, China is speedily defense investment.
8. China want to increase Agriculture import from Neighbor, in 2015 China consume
800 billion dollar agriculture 2023 213. China is world largest importer from north and
South American countries. In future agriculture product need increase there for
investing in neighborhood to import agricultural products. Also importing Canada,
agricultural needs are potential growing, therefore China is investing in neighborhood,
south Asia central Asia ASEAN or rest. China plans to generate agriculture production
from Pakistan, amount if till 2038.
China Pakistan Economic Corridor
CPEC is flagship project of BRI, total investment is more than 62 billion dollars more than ---
has arrived in Pakistan. It is also called 1+4 project. One means CPEC, 4 means 4 dimensions
of the project
1. Energy project
2. Road railways
3. Special economic
4. Gowder port
Ghazanfar Ali BRI: Belt and Road Initiative of China
Sir. Fareed Khan

5. Agricultural development: would be come soon

Investment in energy
Total investment in 33 billion dollars is announced between China and Pakistan. Different
energy project will be installed in Pakistan coal based, Gas based, hydro based solar, civil
nuclear technology and wind.
1. Civil nuclear technology. 9 Billion Investment is made in civil nuclear technology K2
and K3 (Karachi nuclear) civil installation project are under development in Karachi.
K2 has completed and on testing in Jun it will generate 1100 and K3 will complete in
Jun 2022. Collectively 2200 MW and carbon free one energy will start.
2. Hydro project Increases in CEPC
a. Sukhi Kenari 890 MW. 2 billion dollar project operational in 2021.
b. Kohala 700 MW. 1.3 billion dollar project operational in 2021.
c. Karote 1100 MW. Operational in 2022
d. Pir Mahal 300+ MW operational in 2022
e. AZAD Paten 700 all located in Jhelum Rivers
3. Coal Based energy Projects. Investment in Thar coal, in collaboration with Engro
Pakistan 330 MW project completed 660 MW. Kot Qasim coal project is under
construction, 2400 MG watt complete coal imported from South Africa
Series of Coal project in Punjab and also in Gowder collectively 4000 produce
4. Gas based Project, LNG base BHIKHI project 1100 MW is operational,
5. Solar Energy, Quaid i Azam Solar plant 1000MW
6. Wind Project in costal belt and in Iran and Afghanistan Border, alone in Baluchistan
500 MW. Collaboration between China and Angro
Total electricity being generated more than 10,000 MW is already added to the system of CPEC
projects, total electricity 18,000 MW
Criticism
1. Loads ding once and for all will finish in 2018 Government announce load-shedding
has ended because 8000 MW already added in system through CPEC not only that
ended old load-Shedding but in near future it will ended because total 4000 MW will
be installed, COEC is saving energy sector of Pakistan. CPEC is lifeline for energy
sector of Pakistan, 2007 to 2016 m5-8000 MW was shortfall in Pakistan. Urban center
had 8-12 hour load-Shedding, rural until 18hr load-shading. Projects under installation
would meet electricity requirement under 2030.
2. Carbon free energy , China Pilate project is corban free energy is Pakistan, heavily
investment in Hydro, Wind Solar and civil Nuclear Project but there is also another
aspect coal , Coal is largest corban emit, Thar Coal project must be installed because
its local coal and othere must be complete within 10 Years , maximum stepped should
be reduce carbon omission. Install latest technology. Thar coal should be prioritized
.183 billion metric ton coal reserves in Pakistan Thar majority of the coal cant be
extracted , underground coal gasification
Ghazanfar Ali BRI: Belt and Road Initiative of China
Sir. Fareed Khan

3. Technique-- compartment-- coal bound-- water pipeline--- vapor -- oil—electricity.

latest possible techno to reduce carbon emissions , short coming , Govt of Pakistan
focused on more n more electricity generation but not on transmission lines.
4. Cheaper Electricity generator because Pakistan is producing 60 percent from Oil and
Gas. If hydro project complete then per unit cost will be 2.4 Rs maximum. Currently
Pakistan Electricity coast per unit is 13 Rs, All above project are cheaper than Gas and
oil. Then it will grow the economy

Conclusion: Pakistan has been trimmed energy crises are from two decades, Pakistan
has faced .CEPC is will decrease Crises of
Road and railway infrastructure
The Northern part of alignment is one, from Khunjarab to Burhan, Southern Part is also one
from Gowader to Basima. The corridor is dived in three alignment in Country,
1. Eastern: Burhan, Multan, Faisalabad, Sukkur, Hyderabad Karachi Motorways and
linked with costal Highway. ML1 means Main Line One Railway track, KARCHI,
LAHORE and Peshawar. It will Extend to Havilah with Double track and signal free
with speed limit 160 KMP for passenger and cargo 120 KmPh
2. Central: Burhan, Islamabad, and DI khan Motorway, it would join Indus High way at
Mian Wali, Join Western alignment at DI khan
3. Western: Officially not part of CPEC but now its part of CPEC, Burhan, Peshawar, DI
Khan, Quetta and Basima. From Peshawar to DI khan duelization of Indus highway
complete in 2023, Sukkur Hyderabad will complete in 2023. Islamabad and DI khan
started in 2012 March, also construction of link roads and construction of Dry port at
different point like Noshera, Sialkot, Havelian dry port etc. DI khan Quetta motorway
, 30% NHA , 70% China

The development of Gowder Sea Port. Already five Berth are constructed and three are
under construction total per 120 birth will be constructed at Gwadar until 2038. Three KM
Trunk ahead into the sea , a drop of 3 km Owen shape, 30 Berth will be construct in Gowder
port, 22 km East and 16 KM west costal belt expansion in later stages.
Argumentation of other countries
CPEC transfer Pakistan into transact corridor as 64 countries would dependent for
transit trade start with China. China excess middle east African region, Iran and South Asia,
the shortest route is provide by Pakistan, 12000 Km. Now china will trade minimum 500
Billion dollar through Pakistan.
Central Asian Republic and Afghanistan would be major beneficial after china , both
five countries they are land locked , Shorter and practical way is Pakistan, Western
alignment of CPEC is Afghanistan. Pakistan Announce Motorways Funds released by
world for Peshawar Kabul Motorways 44Km Motorways is in first phase.
Iran is also major beneficial, Iran’s export market is china 26% of China is export from
Iran through Sea ways but now Iran has repeatedly requesting Pakistan to make Iran official
part of CPEC.
Ghazanfar Ali BRI: Belt and Road Initiative of China
Sir. Fareed Khan

Russia is also major beneficially, Russia announced South Asian and Arabic would be
transit and also whole south Asia will route from Pakistan. India is opposing but it would
be major beneficiary from CPEC Pakistan is important for shorter to excess the Asian
Republic for Pakistan
Middle East Trade with china
Pakistan that has been longing for transit corridor in past 70 year the Geopolitical security
of Pakistan derived by War on Terror but it drive Geo political economy and world largest
central Sea port Gowder in future.
The Revival of CPEC
2015 to 2019. In the Past focused was on the road and energy projects, for both under CPEC
but 2019 onward there has increase more and more addition made special economic zone ,
The development of Gowder, Construction of ML1 fourth hydro Project. Development t of
Baluchistan or Western Alignment
Special Economic zone, There are 10 economic
1 each Sindh, GB and AJK, Islamabad and 2 each Punjab, KP Baluchistan, 3 announce
ready for investment
1 Allama Iqbal Economic zone Faisalabad is major economic zone, the process has begun
in economic zone 400 billion rupees investment, until 230billion with 2023. Second
Russhia Kaeen in KP near Noshaera it announce to be ready for investment, 230 billion
investment and the largest investment of KP. 23 industries would be installed in Gowder
till 2025. Addition 25 industries in Gawadar economic zone after 2030.

Critics
Pak face industrial decline, in 1958-1966 and early 1990 but industries was said backed
due to Nationalization also decline due to Electricity 8000 MW shortfall in 2007. Textile
industry shifted to abroad. 80% SME cottage industries closed due to these problem
CPEC will back and revive Pakistan Industries due to 9 Economic zone on modern line
with all facilities like schools , and 10 economic zone developed under CPEC but
Government announce , 13 in Punjab and 3 in Balochistan, 4 in KP and 2 in Sindh.
Industrialization is important and Pakistan increase export and cheapest product rate, and
Trade deficit would be reduced and employment opportunity increase.
2 ML1: ML1 means Main Line One Railway track, KARCHI, LAHORE and Peshawar. It will
Extend to Havilah with Double track and signal free with speed limit 160 KMP for passenger
and cargo 120 KmPh. And Phase second is extension to Kashghar to China. It would bring
revolution in transport sector of Pakistan due to speedy transportation and trade through
railways would increase, means production reach on time. Tourism increase Karachi to Lahore
8 Hours train, Peshawar to Lahore 3 Houser travel Journey
Ghazanfar Ali BRI: Belt and Road Initiative of China
Sir. Fareed Khan

Development of Gowadar
Sea Port development
Special economic zone at Gowder 23 Industries 2025. Development International Airport work
started in it. Installation of 300 Coal project for electricity for Gawadar. Clean drinking water
project with small Dam. Desalination Project for Gowder and Gowder would contribute 5
billion dollar till 2025. 50 billion until 2035 and 200 Billion dollar tile 2050.
The development of Balochistan is in focused, The development of Gowader its strategic
location of Balochistan . 2 special economic zone one in hub and 2nd is Gowadar. One is under
concentration in Chaghi. Balochistan government developed 2 economic zone like Quetta and
Boston. Energy production form Wind project 500 MG near birder areas of Baluchistan, land
requisition almost completed. Scholarship is providing by china for Language and skilled labor
specially focused on education in Baluchistan. The development of Hydro Project, KOHALA,
KHAROTE and Pir-Mahla etc.
Every Year Pakistan and china’s coordination committees meet for decide for future work like
in 2019 meeting started of Projects, Increasing of investment etc.

Pakistan Benefits
Majority Pak s projects are loan based with high interest Pak is already under debt trap for 2
decades not because of china or CPEC but because of give and west monetary bodies 2. all the
projects are not loan based all invest in SPP economic zone is FDI invest in Agriculture sector
is FDI invest in majority hydro project, Gawadar, series of road projects BOT model true, many
projects are loan based e.g. energy, road, railway projects but Government of china and Pak
have a similar opinion all these loans are concessional loans the process of returning loan starts
after 8 yrs.
Chines workers have flooded our market? Behind least space of our labor, same with Chinese
machines? Argument total number of Chinese under CPEC is 7000 only that labor arrived
which was not available in Pak only skilled labor 2. China cannot flood our market due to an
agreement 25 % of labor china. 75% Pak s as for as machinery is concerned
Only that machinery arrived which was available e.g. TBM s high altitude cranes machines for
energy projects Pak s develop aquire machines Chinese providing training to Pak s labor

Threats to SPEC
1. The security treat in Baluchistan, separation elements in Baluchistan BRA BLA BLF
etc. they are reserving fund from India to launching attacks in Karachi like stock
exchange attack, PC Gwadar attack in 2019, Pakistan China friendship attack, Chines
workers, and FWO workers attacks. Such of the more reason is security
2. General security of Pakistan like Separation movement like BLA, terrorist challenge
ISKP and TTP there are secretariat terrorist like Lashkar Jhangvi threats for Pakistan
Ghazanfar Ali BRI: Belt and Road Initiative of China
Sir. Fareed Khan

3. Security situation in Afghanistan has been major threat to Pakistan. There is war in
Afghanistan then Pakistan cannot be in peace because Pakistan is immediate neither.
Afghan security is threat
4. Increasing threats in Arabian Sea, Mari time security threat is major issue it’s because
USA and India alliance Mary time security threats increase. India and USA opposing
china. China is global competitor and for India its Regional Competitor of china. East
India Company said by US and India. New ISPR evidence
Overcome the threats by Pakistan and China
Pakistan Conduct series of Operation Zarb-e-Azab, Series of Khabar operation (Khabar
1,2,3,4,5). Radul Fasad. Ranger Operation in Karachi pre dominate Pakistan.
Pakistan adopted most suitable policy to china, first protect Chinese life, secondly chinese
invest protect, third save local people and finally security personnel
What US could not do in a decade but Pakistan military done it in 1 Year WASHING
TONE Post
Pakistan 12K deployed military Security troops for CPEC security and every provincial
will make CPCT police for overcoming of threats which are especially in Baluchistan. Main
focused on Baluchistan not only Road and railways development but also focused on
economic zone. Local people have to participate on economic zone and avoid threats will
be good for Pakistan and local.
China and Pakistan announced to launch CPEC Satellite control from Karachi, Beijing for
security, acquired two warship from china and 9 would be added by 2025 and 8 nuclear
submarines in Pakistan will come also 5000 naval commando police trained and deployed
in Arabian sea. 8 submarines are diesel electric not nuclear
Pakistan and china need to play lead role in Afghanistan peace process, to materialize
dream of CPEC pak and china should try, bring India in the loop until India is divergent.
usa India alliance would remain threat to cpec.