Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines

Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

“EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS IN

MAINTAINING THE CLEANLINESS OF BARANGAY MABINI”

A Research Paper
Presented to
Joan C. Cobrador
Subject Teacher

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Inquiries

Christian Jay B. Bosas

Teddy T. Tesoro
Gilbert D. Bermudez
Aldrich Patubo
Mark Anthony Bosas
Ma. Mercedez Bribon
(S.Y 2020-2021)

EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS IN MAINTAINING THE

CLEANLINESS OF BARANGAY MABINI

Chapter 1
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

I. Introduction

Maintaining cleanliness in the environment is the essential part of healthy

living in the community for the reason that it is the cleanliness only which helps to
improve the personality by keeping clean externally and internally. It is
everybody's responsibility and one should keep themselves and their
surroundings clean.
The barangay come up with the idea to promote a clean and green
environment and solid waste management to maintain the barangay as a great
community. Most of the problem of the community was uncleanliness so many
people were encouraged to do the activities in their areas.
Green cleaning is the community’s way to improve the health and safety of
peoples and the surrounding environment. Green cleaning can also be more
efficient and can offer cost savings as the quantities of chemicals required in the
cleaning process are generally reduced. Solid waste management also helps
keep the environment clean, but it also makes the community’s overall health
standards better. With waste being properly disposed of, our environment is
clean; there are fewer health risks and hazards around to affect us. This includes
not having our surroundings polluted and, instead, ensures that our society
remains as healthy as possible. It also lessens the chances of illness and
diseases being spread through the air, reducing the risk of respiratory illnesses.
Also, it ensures that toxic products are not being led into our waterways, which
can pollute our water and stop us from having a clean water system.
Cleanliness is an important quality of life. In fact, it is a habit which is often
considered just next to godliness. Cleanliness is a habit not related to the wealth of
a person, rather it is a habit which depicts the qualities a person is enriched with.

II. Background Of The Study

The purpose of this research is to investigate and seek the effectiveness

of environmental cleaning actions in Barangay Mabini. This research is intended
to present the facts about how people do the environmental activities.

This research was developed through researcher’s investigation, interview,

and survey. The researchers gathered some data to acquaint their response.
The main body of this report contains the case studies. The two appendices
provide additional information to support the work documented within the main
body of the report. Appendix A provides a listing of literature review sources, and
Appendix B documents the results of a survey of the cleanliness of environment in
Barangay Mabini that was developed and implemented in this research.

III. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

ENVIRONMENT
Clean and green
environment
Solid waste OUTCOME
management. BEHAVIOR Cleanliness in
Active, cautious, environment with great
caring, and people makes a healthy
PERSONAL precise. living in Community.
Physical health and
fitness.

IV. Statement Of The Problem

This study will generally aim to assess the effectiveness environmental actions in
maintaining the cleanliness of Barangay Mabini.

Specifically, this research will intend to determine:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Name:
1.2 Age:
1.3 Gender:

2. What are the problems that researcher aiming to solve:

2.1 What are the reasons behind the environmental cleanliness?

2.2 Why environmental cleanliness is important?
2.3 How environmental cleanliness affects the life of people?
2.4 What kind of ways to do environmental cleanliness?

3. Is there any significant about the effectiveness environmental actions in

maintaining the cleanliness in Barangay Mabini.

V. Hypotheses
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future
There is significance about the effectiveness environmental actions in maintaining
the cleanliness in Barangay Mabini.

VI. Significance Of The Study

This study would be a great help to barangay captain and officials, elder and
youths, community and future researchers.

Barangay Captain and Officials: This study will serve as an “eye opener” for the
people of Barangay Mabini there to do earth activities such a clean their environments
and for them to know the important factors of nurturing our mother nature.

Elder and Youth: This study will serve as an awareness to know the impacts of
cleaning the environment in every area and zones of Barangay Mabini.

Community: This study will guides and helps everyone to maximize and maintain the
cleanliness of environment. The result would promote the community to establish the
effects of cleanliness so that people will be physically healthy and productive.

Future Researchers: The findings of this study prove other researchers insight that
would serve as a guide in their own research.

VII. Scope And Delimitation

The study considers some aspects of elders and youths personal information
such as their name, gender, age and home location. Each of the respondents is given
same questionnaires to answer. This limits it coverage on the community of Barangay
Mabini only.

VIII. Definition Of Terms

The following terms are operationally and conceptually to provide a clearer

understanding of this study.

Community- a group of people living in the same place or having a particular

characteristic in common.
Environment- the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant
lives or operates.
Clean and Green- Green cleaning refers to using cleaning methods and products
with environmentally friendly ingredients and procedures which are designed to
preserve human health and environmental quality.
Solid Waste Management- Solid waste management is a term that is used to
refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future
recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been
living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

I. Related Literature
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
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Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

Maintaining the cleanliness of the healthcare environment and minimizing the

concentration level of pathogens is an essential way of preventing healthcare-
associated infections (HAIs), which pose serious threats to patient safety and contribute
to an increase in healthcare costs (Sehulster, et al., 2015). In addition,environmental
cleanliness is a critical factor impacting other healthcare outcomes, such as patient
satisfaction (Sofaer, Crofton, Goldstein, Hoy, & Crabb, 2015). Various chemicals have
been used in the cleaning procedure (removing visible soils such as soil particles and
organic matter) and the disinfecting procedure (killing microorganisms) routinely
performed in healthcare settings. A growing body of evidence suggests that the
ingredients of many cleaning and disinfecting products may have unintended negative
impacts on human health and the environment. Patients’ and Staff’s exposures to
cleaning chemicals can cause dermatitis, endocrine and neurologic effects, cancer,
asthma, and other respiratory disorders (Delclos et al.,2017; Rosenman et al., 2013;
Stingeni, Lapomarda, & Lisi, 2005). Cleaning chemicals may contribute to the pollution
of outdoor air and water supplies, damage to ecosystems, bioaccumulation in animals
and plants, and ozone depletion (Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.). Further,
certain cleaning practices are found to be associated with musculoskeletal disorders in
cleaning staff (Kumar, Chaikumarn, & Lundberg, 2005; Unge, Ohlsson, Nordander,
Hansson, Skerfving, & Balogh, 2017). Concerned about the adverse human and
environmental effects of traditional cleaning practices, many healthcare organizations
have been increasingly adopting green cleaning or sustainable cleaning practices.
However, a commonly accepted definition is lacking, and ‘green cleaning’ has taken on
different forms in different organizations. Green cleaning, or sustainable cleaning,
generally refers to a variety of environmental cleaning approaches (e.g. Selection of
cleaners, use dof alternative cleaning methods, changes in building design and
operations) that aim at reducing the harmful effects of cleaning on human health and
the environment while maintaining or improving the cleanliness of the healthcare
environment for the purpose of infection prevention. Promising green cleaning efforts
such as purchasing and using cleaners with more benign chemicals have been reported
in multiplehospitals around the country. However, many knowledge gaps exist around
green cleaners and green cleaning programs (Markkanen, Quinn, Galligan, & Bello,
2009). For example, there appears to be a lack of industry agreement as to what
constitutes a green cleaning program for a healthcare facility. Also, what kinds of
cleaners should be defined as ‘green?’ Further, there is no clear evidence indicating
whether cleaners that are promoted as ‘green cleaners’ effectively meet infection
prevention needs and standards given the current focus on the environmental
contribution to hais (Goodman et al, 2008) or whether such cleaners have unknown
health risks; and there are no widely available data about the implementation and the
effectiveness of the green cleaning programs in different healthcare facilities
(Markkanen, Et al., 2009; Sattar, 2010). There is an urgent need to conduct research
around cleaning in healthcare to fill these knowledge gaps.

II. Related Studies

 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
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Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

Work habits of environmental cleanliness actions and services professionals as

well as their perceptions of the profession are among the topics addressed by recent
studies in the literature.

Pedersen, et al. (2018) studied environmental services (EVS) professionals’ perceptions

and knowledge of environmental cleaning using an anonymous Likert scale survey. A
total of 118 surveys were collected (response rate, 47 percent). In terms of
demographics, the researchers found that 41 percent of respondents were aged 40
years or younger, 48 percent had been employed for fewer than two years, and 8
percent were supervisors.

As the researchers note, “Regardless of age, position, or experience, most respondents

believe that environmental cleaning is important for infection prevention. They are also
open to having regular classes on cleaning.”

Doll, et al. (2018) conducted a review of the literature regarding environmental cleaning
in the healthcare setting. As the researchers noted, “Despite evidence of the
transmission of infectious organisms from environment to patient, the role of a clean
environment in hospital prevention remains controversial. The extent to which
environmental contamination contributes to healthcare-associated infections is unclear.
Surface cleaning is certainly not a substitute for other infection control practices such as
handwashing, limiting medical device usage, and gowning or gloving when indicated.
However, routine efforts to decrease the overall bioburden of the hospital environment
via cleaning is likely foundational to other efforts; lower levels of infectious organisms on
surfaces translates to less contamination of healthcare worker hands and patient care
objects as they make contact with the hospital environment. Essentially all literature
related to the optimization of environmental cleaning in healthcare systems comes from
countries with relatively abundant resources. In resource-limited healthcare settings,
additional challenges may exist that contribute to inadequate cleaning. The minimum
standards for environmental health reported in the World Health Organization’s
Essential Environmental Health Standards in Health Care with regard to healthcare
centers with limited resources, outline clean water, waste management, and a focus on
visible dust and soil as essential temporary measures to protect patients. A comparison
of these minimum standards against other published environmental cleaning
recommendations highlights a striking disparity in the conditions of the hospital
environment between different regions of the world.”
The researchers add, “The hospital environment can be a source of HAIs, and
current cleaning methods are only partially successful in mediating this risk. However,
the extent to which the environment contributes to the transmission of infection and the
level of cleanliness required to prevent the acquisition of organisms from the
environment is unknown. There has been substantial interest in improving the cleaning
process in recent years, and publications highlight a variety of strategies to accomplish
this. Yet, fundamental issues remain unaddressed. There is an urgent need to
overcome the challenges faced by manual cleaners (Bernstein et al., 2016) and to
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
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Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future
maximize the benefit of manual cleaning efforts. A tiered approach to cleaning that is
tailored to the specific needs and resources of healthcare centers would be better
defined with a wider representation of the global healthcare community in published
studies. Human factors will ultimately determine the quality of environmental cleaning in
the hospital and will remain the patient’s best defense against invisible threats from the
hospital environment.”
Allen, et al. (2018) sought to assess the effectiveness of an environmental hygiene
bundle in terms of changes to HAI rates, cleaning performance and environmental
services (EVS) workers’ knowledge and attitudes. A multi-modal bundle was designed
and implemented with EVS personnel in eight wards in a 400-bed metropolitan teaching
hospital, using a prospective, before-and-after study design. This consisted of a three-
month pre-intervention phase and six-month intervention phase. This research used an
implementation science framework to guide the transition from evidence into practice,
with data collected in the pre-intervention phase synthesized to design the
implementation strategy.

The researchers report that significant improvements in cleaning performance were

observed, with the average proportion of ultraviolet markers removed during cleaning
across the wards increasing from 61.1 percent to 95.4 percent. Results also
demonstrate improvements to both the knowledge and attitudes of EVS professionals.
The researchers surveyed EVS personnel before and after the bundle was implemented
and found that most participants had been professional cleaners for more than a
decade, with approximately half the survey participants holding at least one related
workplace certification. Infection prevention-related knowledge questions scored high in
the pre-intervention survey and remained consistent throughout the intervention period.
According to the researchers, the major positive shifts in knowledge were related to
cleaning-specific knowledge as well as correct product use; however, there were no
knowledge improvements for disinfectant contact time. There was no change across
many of the attitude questions, particularly relating to environmental services team
culture, as these scored consistently high throughout the intervention.

III. Synthesis

Chapter 3

METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF THE STUDY

I. Methodology of Research
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future
In this chapter it will discuss the Locale of the Study, Respondents/ Sources of
Data, Sampling Procedure, Instruments, Data Gathering Procedure and Statistical
Treatment of Data.

II. Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted at Barangay Mabini were in the participants are those
elder and youth people who use to participate in barangay’s activities such as clean and
green and solid waste management in their respective zones. The interviews, needed to
be conducted at a place with were people appreciate the cleanliness of environment;
therefore the interviews were done respectively in their houses.

III. Respondents/ Sources of Data

The respondents of the study will be the elder and youth people in Barangay
Mabini. The population stood at 5 participants in every zone at a total of 35
respondents.

IV. Sampling Procedure

A purposive sampling procedure was used for selecting the participant in this
study. The main goal of this technique is to focus on particular characteristics of a
population that are of interest, which will enable the respondents to answer the
research questions.

V. Instruments

The researchers made instrument was to utilize to determine the effects of

environmental actions in maintaining the cleanliness in Barangay Mabini. It is through
form of questionnaires that will be asked to the participants or the respondents.

VI. Data Gathering Procedure

In conducting of the study, the researchers will go to the location of the chosen
respondents to ask questions and to gain information using the purposive sampling
method. The respondents will be given a specific time to answer the questions that the
researcher made.
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
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Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

VII. Statistical Treatment of Data

The purpose of the statistical treatment of data was to identify the effects
environmental actions in maintaining the cleanliness in Barangay Mabini.

The analysis gives the ability to the researchers to structure the qualitative data
collected in a way that satisfies the accomplishment of the research. After the data was
collected it was organized and analyzed. And by using finalize and well answered
questions, we researchers will able to know the proportion of people who answered in a
certainly way. Then, we can interpret the information as the process of attaching to the
data.

Chapter 4

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future
The results and discussions on the findings relative to the study are arranged in
the following order: actions in environmental cleanliness, clean and green activities, and
awareness on solid waste management of the people of Barangay Mabini. They
practice cleanliness in their own area, planting colourful flowering plants and solid waste
management of the in terms of segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle and disposal
significance of the relationship between the awareness of the people. Awareness on
environmental actions is the following:

 Clean And Green Activities

Planting plants – Planting different kinds of plants makes the areas colorful place.
In this kind of activities, people in Barangay Mabini inspired to plant flowery
plants in their respective area.
Gardening – People in Barangay Mabini says that gardening is essential and
worth it in their everyday lives because there are many benefits they can get from
it, such as, fresh air, free food, healthy body, and money.

According to the literature, green cleaning generally refers to “cleaning to protect

health without harming the environment,” or the efficacy of infection prevention and
control “toward effective products with the fewest adverse effects on human health and
the environment,” or “maintaining and improving cleanliness and supporting infection
control while protecting workers and the environment from the risks posed by cleaning
materials and processes” (ABM Industries, n.d.; Markkanen et al., 2009; Practice
Greenhealth, n.d.). Even though there is not a definition of green cleaning that is widely
accepted, the 2009 HCRC paper clearly indicated that green cleaning is a systematic
approach including not only the use of cleaners identified as ‘green’ due to their
chemical composition and attributes, but a comprehensive performance improvement
process that includes any other methods that may reduce the negative impact of
hospital cleaning on human health and the environment (e.g. using micro-fiber mops,
improving performance of cleaning staff, and selecting finish materials that are easier to
clean).

 Solid Waste Management

3R’s namely Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
With the use of 3R’s, People in Barangay Mabini learned how to manage their
wastes. They learned how to segregated, reduced the things they do not need,
reused the things that can be use again and recycle the used materials in
creative way to use it again.
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
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Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

I. Findings
In this research the findings we acquire from surveys, interviews and an evaluation
about the effectiveness of environmental cleanliness is the following statements;

Researchers perceive that the effectiveness of cleanliness of environment in the

Barangay Mabini was great because of the people daily activities such as cleaning their
own areas, planting some plants that make their surroundings become beautiful area
and solid waste management such as reuse, reduce, and recycle that makes up the
environments clean without harming living things. These activities they do every day
have a great impact in people lives for instance they are benefited to it; like; they are
physically active, they become healthy, they can get resources, they can smell a fresh
air and lastly they are not polluted.

II. Conclusions

Green cleaning is an interdisciplinary, systematic approach. It involves the

selection and use of cleaning products as well as operational changes and building
design. Its implementation requires inter-departmental cooperation and support from
healthcare leadership. Green cleaning aims at balancing and addressing multiple needs
— environmental cleanliness for infection prevention and control, environmental impact,
human health effects, and so on. The development of green cleaning calls for
innovations in various fields (e.g. chemistry, management, environmental design).
These innovations (e.g. new products and practices) should be evaluated empirically by
using sound and standard methods to examine their effects on multiple outcomes.
However, limited research has been done in real working environments, and post-
implementation evaluation is rarely conducted once a specific green product or practice
has been adopted, even though certain relevant data may be already collected for oher
purposes in various healthcare departments. The efectiveness of green cleaning
products and practices needs to be established before wide implementation can take
place. An urgent need is to conduct credible research to examine and monitor the
impact of various green cleaning products and practices on outcomes (especially
infection prevention, the environment, and the health of staff and patients) and to
disseminate the research findings.
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
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Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

III.Recommendations

In the light of the findings obtained as a result of the research and the relevant literature,
the following recommendation;

Can be made;

As a result af the research, it is of great importance that students’ families should be

educated on cleanliness and personal hygiene as a result of the obvious effect of families on
cleanliness and personal hygiene behavior.

Education programmed can be developed to ensure that families are conscious and
knowledgeable about cleanliness and hygiene. Educational books, school journals, public
spots, sketches prepared at the parents’ meetings Oroloriums and school newspapers can
be prepare or this purpose In ne ruure, every positive nygicne and cieaning habits that will
be given to the students families will provide the basis for a healthy generation that
correctly implements the hygiene and cleanliness behaviors. Activities can be prepared for
cleaning and personal hygiene practices in guidance and club activities in order to improve
the hygiene and hygiene habits of the students in a positive way and to maintain their
health. Projects can be organized 1or cleaning and personal hygiene habits in community
service practices. In order to prevent the cleaning and hygiene habits of students of this age
to be forgotten and forgotten, the related subjects must be repeated and reminded. In
schools, proper cleaning and hygiene behaviors should be reminded by seminars, theaters,
conferences and showing public spots with certain periods. When it comes to
understanding the importance of cleanliness, you simply can’t overstate how much it
impacts everyone’s life. Many people take this for granted. However, go for a week or two
without cleaning your home and you’ll notice that it quickly is overrun with dirt, bugs, and
even worse.

To get an idea of why you should pay importance to create and maintain a hygienic
environment, these are a few areas where staying clean matters.

Importance of Cleanliness in Our Surroundings

Regardless of where you are, your surroundings play a large role in your health and
wellness. Think about people who work in an environment where their surroundings are
not clean. For example, miners have high rates of lung disease since they are constantly
breathing in toxic coal dust. Over time, their surroundings lead to diseases and sometimes
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future
even death. It’s not surprising that where you are for the majority of your day is going to
have an impact on health and wellness.

Your surroundings can include places where you are frequently as well as locations you
don’t often visit. They can refer to the items around you as well. Take, for example, the
money that you use. Most people carry cash, at least a small amount. They use coins and
bills frequently, trading them with shops, and getting paid back in bills when making
transactions. However, cash is one of the places where you can find thousands of
potentially harmful bacteria and germs

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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B. Journals

Environmental management. Vocabulary. (2020). London: British Standards Institution.

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cleanliness in the HSS Trusts 2005-2008. (2005). Belfast: Health Estates.
Conant, J. (2005). Sanitation and cleanliness for a healthy environment. Berkeley, CA:
Hesperian Foundation.
 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future

Emerson, P., Frost, L., Bailey, R., & Mabey, D. (2006). Implementing the SAFE strategy
for trachoma control: A toolbox of interventions for promoting facial cleanliness and
environmental improvement. Atlanta, GA: Carter Center.
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Pedersen L, Masroor N, Cooper K, Patrick A, Razjouyan F, Doll M, Stevens MP, and

Bearman G. Brief Report: Barriers and perceptions of environmental cleaning: An
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Smith J, Adams CF, King MF, Noakes CJ, Robertson C and Dancer SJ. Is there an
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Wille I, Mayr A, Kreidl P, et al. Cross-sectional point prevalence survey to study the
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your-wellbeing
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 Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.
Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future
Valdez, G. (n.d.). BARANGAY ORDINANCE-CLEAN AND GREEN. Retrieved from
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APPENDICES

Appendix A (Letter to Respondents)

Our Dear Respondents,

We are HUMSS students from St. Jude Class of the St. Joseph’s College of
Baggao Inc. and we are working on a research regarding on the “Effectiveness of
Environmental Actions in Maintaining the Cleanliness of Barangay Mabini.” May we
request in this survey questionnaire the information you provide will enable our group to
attain the purpose of the study. Thank you for your cooperation.

The Researchers

Appendix B (Questionnaire)

Name: ______________________________________ Age:____ Gender:_______

1. What are the reasons why you clean the environment in your area?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforming Lives, Shaping the Future
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. How do you spend time in cleaning?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Is cleaning significant in your life?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4. What are the things you use or do to make your area’s become attractive in the
eyes of people?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

5. What are your ways to maintain the cleanliness in your area?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Appendix C (Profile of Researchers)