CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of then Study

There are some ways to express ideas, especially in a literary work.

There is a literary work that brings us to the world of dreams and take us away

from reality. It has to be contrasted with a literary work that needs our

interpretation. Literature is a personal expression of feeling including experience,

idea, motivation, convidence in the concrete description by using language. Novel

is a part of prose form beside short story. The most of people read novel and short

story.

A novel expresses some aspect of human’s love and existence because

novel talks about human activities and describes what happened in surrounding,

so it is written in long composition. Novel is generally thought of as containing

about forty five thousand words or more (Kenney, 1966:103) So novel is longer

narrative than short story and novella.

This study is chosen because the writer is interested in studying

literature. By reading literature work automatically we can develop our knowledge

and science. And we can arrange the works that are chosen by author. Besides

that, that writer can also get the author’s feeling or experiences from the object of

the study in The Martian by Andy Wair.

In generally, this novel tells about someone life and he is Mark Watney

in The Martian, the main character in this story. After a dust storm nearly kills

him and forces his crew to evacuate the planet while thinking him that, Mark finds
him self stranded on Mars’ surface, completely alone with no way to signal Earth

that he is alive.

Chances are, though Mark will not have time to starve to death. The

damaged machinery, unforgiving environment or plain-old “human error” are

much more likely to kill him first. But Mark’s not ready to quit. Armed with

nothing but his ingenuity and his engineering skills and a gallows sense of humor

that proves to br his greatest source of strength, he embarks on a dogged quest to

stay alive, using his botany experience to grow food and even hatching a mad plan

to contact NASA back on Earth.

Realizing the fact above, the writer decided to do as good as possible in

the study of The Martian. By having careful analysis of the main characters as

they are so well emphasized by its author Andy Weir.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The novel The Martian by Andy Weir is about the struggle of an astronaut

named Mark Watney, his crews left him behind because they thought Mark was

dead when viewed from the conditions at the time. So, he has to survive alone in

Mars. Mark Watney struggle to survive in his condition, alone and no one knows

he still alive. He also has to produce water considering there are no water at all in

Mars. He only has a few water from the supply that are not destroyed by the

storm, so he needs to produce water. He also has to portion his food, and when he

almost runs out of food, he plants potatoes in Mars which is almost impossible.

Watney also struggle to contact Earth because the communication tools is destroy,

but his survival spirit is really strong and make him succeded to contact Earth and
go home safely. The spirit of survival of Mark Watney is an interesting topic to

analyze, because he face it all with humour and positivity.

1.3 Reason for Choosing the Topic

In choosing the topic of this research, the writer has the following reasons

a. Novel The Martian is of bestseller in New York Time list.

b. The writer wants to analyzed deeply about Mark Watney’s character. Mark

Watney is an interesting character because he is an inspire character.

1.4 Research Question

How is the spirit to survive revealed in the novel?

1.5 Purpose of the Study

Purpose of the study is to reveal the spirit of survival of Mark Watney in

the novel entitled The Martian written by Andy Weir.

1.6 Delimination of Study

The writer delimits her study on his research only on Mark Watney as a

main character in novel The Martian especially about the main character’s spirit

of survival.

1.7 The Significance of the Study

1.7.1 Implication

In general, this analysis could be a useful example of literary study.

The writer hopes this research can be increase the reader knowledge and can

motivate the reader in order to intensify and to understand about all literary

work especially the work being presented by the writer.

1.7.2 Application
 The writer expect by analyzing this novel, the writer and the reader

will be able to increase and expand their ability in appreciating literary work.

Then, to give the information to the students to study the novel as one of

literary works and the reader a better understanding about the content of the

story. The most important thing is that this study is meant to provide a model

for those who are doing literary study. Finally, the students to get science,

screaming and experience from those stated in the novel.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Novel : Novel is describe term , fiction misleading for although

fiction include made up or imagery element, it has potential

for being ‘true’ true of the nature or reality true to

experience (Griffith, 1982:41).

Analysis : Analysis means breaking something into it is components

and discovering the relationship among them that give unity

and coherence to the whole point (Griffith, 2011:30).

Spirit :- a lively or brisk quality in a person or a person's actions

(Cambridge dictionary, 2013).

Survival : the continuation of life or existence (Cambridge

dictionary, 2013).

Character : Character is the people of narrative and the

characterization is the author’s representation and

development of character (Griffith, 2011:46).

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 The Spirit of Survival

Survive according to Merriam-Webster dictionary is “to remain

alive or in existence : live on” according to TJ Klump in his book 2012 Survive

and Live, survive means “to remain alive, to preserve, to remain functional or

usable, to outlive, to live longer than, to carry on despite hardship or trauma, and

to cope with.” While survivor means “one that survives.” Animal and plant are

born with their ability to adapt with their environment only, whereas human being

is born with his brain (mind) to do many things. He is capable to think some

works to survive. He is able to do some efforts to gain his ideas in life. The ideas

to survive become the reason for a human being to set certain aims of life. A

human being lives with many ideas to survive. Unfortunately, as an individual, a

human being never knows for sure what will come to his life. He has no certainty

that he takes the better or the worse things. He cannot avoid from facing it. He is

going to get it and pass it until his last breath whether he likes or not. The reason

is that life is uncertain and unpredictable.

The uncertainty and unpredictability of life emerges many obstacles.

Those problems become the first priority that should be solved if a person wants

to survive. In overcoming these, the human being has to struggle for it from

another man, environment and himself. He will not face a better life if he just

waits it is changed by itself. The result will not be as he wishes. The man ought to

set some necessities and desires first and then make ways to obtain it. All of those

cannot totally be reached. The situations make an individual do different ways to

surpass. The struggle can be positive or negative. Although sometimes it often

opposite to the inner heart, he does all the ways in order to get a better life. Here, a

human being learns to fight for a certain goal and leave another goal. The struggle

puts man to survive from its nature.

Spirit according to Merriam Webster Dictionary is “The quality of

courage, energy, and determination.” Spirit is the will to do things. It is the a

persons courage and determination that helps to survive in difficult times and to

keep their way of life and their beliefs. So, the spirit to survive is simply is the

will to stay alive or to move on on life. There are three features in spirit, it is

hardworking, high motivation and determination.

2.2 Literature

In literature the reader may increase the view points of lifes because

one can find many aspects of life like character and behavior. About Literature,

Hudson state that: “Literature is a vital record of what men have seen in life, what

they have experienced of it, what they have through and felt about these aspects of

which have most immediate and enduring interest for human being. It is true

fundamental and expression of life through the medium of language” (1965:10).

2.3 Elements of Novel The Martian

Literally novel come from word “Novella” Italian language

vocabulary, which in Latin language mean novus and newly. As for definitively

novel is story regarding remarkable even or occurrence life of someone, in it met

by processing of soul altering someone chance road, it is meaning of someone

which is narrated in the novel experience life of problem in details, good in the

form of grief, adventure, struggle, which is on finally the figure experience of

change which enough base, what experienced of that figure basically represent of

top from all distortion live and life which have happened. Situation the above is

true result analysis and understanding to art text bear miscellaneous approach of

stream and theory. Explained also by Jacob Sumarjo that: “Novel is story in form

of prose in wide of size measure. Wide of measure here can mean story with part,

which is complex, immeasurable story atmosphere and immeasurable the story

setting also” (1991:29).

By careful of the description above in the end can be concluded that novel

is a story which story life of it is figures, finally with change of the story and

figure basically represent solid author imagination with intellectual element.

Therefore, strive to recognize and comprehend intrinsic elements and how

function each it is development element is needed by a precise and apporiate

approach as step or guider in analyzing the belles letters.

The elements of novel consist a plot, character, setting, and etc. each of it

supports one another to make it similar as the real human life. Partner explanation

about the elements of the novel is described as follows.

2.3.1 Plot

A plot is one of the most important parts of story and has many different

purpose. Firstly, the plot focuses attention on the important characters and their

roles in the story. It motivates the characters to effect the story and connect the

event in orderly manner. Plot as stated by Kelly Griffith is “what happens in the

narrative. Plot is pattern of carefully selected, casually related events that contains

conflict.” (1986:43)
 The plot of a novel is a synthesis of all elements that make up the material

it is not the same as the story. This is an essential component of plot. The story

provides the framework in the form of sequence of events related because reality.

There are five main elements in a plot:

1. Exposition or Introduction

This is the beginning of the story, where characters and setting are

established. The conflict or main problem is introduced as well.Mark

Watney is an astronaut on the Ares 3 mission to Mars. This mission has to be

aborted in a massive dust storm, in which Watney is stuck with a piece of a

satellite and lost in the dust storm. His crew leaves him on Mars, believing

him to be dead.

2. Rising Action

Rising action which occurs when a series of events build up to the

conflict. The main characters are established by the time the rising action of a

plot occurs, and at the same time, events begin to get complicated. It is during

this part of a story that excitement, tension, or crisis is encountered. Mark

Watney is presumed dead after a fierce storm and left behind by his crew.

Mark finds himself alive and alone on the entire planet of Mars. After hobbling

back to the HAB (the inhabitable structure on the surface of Mars) and fixes his

injuries, the first thing he does is take of stock of all of the food, water, and air

that he has. He begins planning to pretty severely ration his food to make it

until the next Ares mission (Ares 4) which is several years in the future. He

finds that he can recycle almost all of the air and water that he uses, making it
so that neither of those are a concern (unless the water or air reclamation

machine breaks down)

3. Climax

In the climax, or the main point of the plot, there is a turning point of

the story. This is meant to be the moment of highest interest and emotion,

leaving the reader wondering what is going to happen next. After they find out

that Mark is alive, NASA watches Mark constantly. He can leave them

messages, but they can't talk to him. They watch as he drives out in the rover

and retrieves an old rover called Pathfinder, which he brings back to the HAB

and proceeds to use to communicate with NASA. In the beginning of their

communications, Mark discovers two main things: one is that it is going to

take 4 years for a new mission to come and rescue him, and that to survive

until the mission, he is going to have to grow his own food. Mark starts to plan

his potato farm. Unfortunately, he has to grow years’ worth of food on the

most inhospitable environment known to man, but fortunately, Watney is a

really good botanist, and he proceeds to grow the first spuds on Mars.

4. Falling Action

Falling action, or the winding up of the story, occurs when events and

complications begin to resolve. The result of the actions of the main characters

are put forward. For a short amount of time, it appears Mark's survival and

rescue is going to go smoothly. But then the airlock that he has been using the

most frequently breaks, and is thrown from the HAB. Mark ends up okay, but

it destroyed an entire crop of potatoes and essentially ends his crop-growing on

Mars. After the HAB's airlock breaks and kills all his potatoes, NASA notices
that he Mark isn't going to be able to survive until the rescue mission arrives,

so they decide to send out supplies, but due to a rushed job, the rocket explodes

soon after take-off.

5. Resolution

Resolution, or the conclusion, is the end of a story, which may occur

with either a happy or a tragic ending. At one point, due to an electric drill

overloading the circuits of Pathfinder, Mark's communication with NASA is

severed, but not until after he learns that his crew is coming back for him and

what he has to do to make it a successful rescue mission. He is going to have to

travel to the site of the future Ares 4 mission, where there is another rocket

waiting for the crew that is supposed to arrive years in the future. He is then

going to have to drastically reduce the weight of this craft, in order for it to be

able to make it to the needed speed and altitude for the Ares 3 crew to pick him

up from space. After about a year of almost starving himself, Mark prepares for

the several-thousand-mile-long journey. This involves joining the two rovers

that he has combined into one in order to facilitate the water and air

reclamation machines and packing enough food for his long journey. With few

incidents, Mark makes it to the site of the Ares 4 mission and, after little time

of relaxation, he gets in contact with NASA and the Ares 3 crew again through

the rocket at the site. NASA then guides Mark through how to remove enough

stuff to make the rocket as light as it needs to be. Finally, it is time for Mark to

take off. He does, but he does not reach the height that he needed to because he

had taken off the nose of the rocket and put canvas over it, and that canvas had

come off. This lack of altitude causes Mark to be far too far away from the
 Ares 3 vehicle for them to be able to grab him. Plus, he is going too slowly and

they are going too fast. To remedy this, the Ares 3 crew uses boosters meant

for landing to get close enough to Mark and they blow up the front of the ship

and let all the air out to slow themselves down. This works, and in the end

Mark is happy aboard the ship and headed for home.

2.3.3. Characters

There is no story without character because characters are the part of the

story. It refers to a person in a story. As stated by Griffith:

“Characters are people in narratives who carry on the actions while

characterization is the author’s presentation and development of

character” (Griffith, 1986:46)

A character is a person, animal, being, creature, or thing in a story. Writers use

characters to perform the actions and speak dialogue, moving the story along a

plot line. A story can have only one character (protagonist) and still be a complete

story. This character’s conflict may be an inner one (within him/herself), or a

conflict with something natural, such as climbing a mountain. Most stories have

multiple characters interacting, with one of them as the antagonist, causing a

conflict for the protagonist.

Mark Watney

The main character of the novel, and the only person whose thoughts and

feelings are revealed extensively through the voice log segments that make up

most of the book, Mark Watney is a botanist and mechanical engineer by trade.

He is the lowest ranked member of the Ares 3 team, a group of six astronauts who

set out for Mars in the Hermes spacecraft, landed successfully, but had to abort
the mission and evacuate. Watney, who is supposedly killed during the emergency

evacuation that also disables the main communications channels with Earth, is left

behind. Yet he survives, and the ongoing story of how he manages to keep himself

alive with very limited resources makes up much of the novel. Watney is an

extrovert with a colorful vocabulary and a penchant for coarse language. He is

also intelligent, creative, and a natural risk taker. Although he has occasional

bouts of doubt and fear, he is incredibly resilient with a strong survival instinct.

His skills as a mechanical engineer and botanist save his life repeatedly while on

Mars, where he experiences several different kinds of accidents and equipment

failures.

Commander Melissa Lewis

Described as a tall, large woman, Lewis is in command of the Hermes

aircraft. She is a Naval officer and used to making tough decisions such as the

order to evacuate Mars during a dust storm. But she suffers extreme regret at

losing a subordinate. When she learns Watney is alive, she experiences guilt at

having left him behind. Lewis has a husband named Robert, and the two share a

fascination with 1970’s music and television. Lewis’s disco music and her

television files, left behind during an emergency evacuation, are Watney’s

primary source of entertainment while on Mars. She is not religious, and the text

suggests she may be atheist or agnostic, but she has respect for other people’s

beliefs. Commander Lewis is well respected by her subordinates and interacts

with them in a very professional way. She is sensitive to their needs but insists on

professionalism during the mission. One of the things she forbids is romantic

contact between members of the crew while the mission is underway. However,
when the crew votes to execute the Rich Purnell maneuver to save Watney,

thereby extending the trip, she gives Beck and Johanssen tacit approval to pursue

a relationship.

Major Rick Martinez

Martinez is described as a good-looking man of Hispanic descent, and at

one point in the novel he refers to himself as Mexican. A practical joker with a

somewhat rude sense of humor and an extroverted personality, Martinez is the

pilot responsible for controlling not only the Hermes aircraft but also Mark

Watney’s launch vehicle. A military pilot, possibly Air Force, Martinez has

outstanding skills as a pilot and takes his responsibilities very seriously. Martinez

has a wife, Marissa, and a young son named David. He and Marissa were high

school sweethearts and they married young. He is a devout Catholic, and his

religion is relevant to the plot because the small wooden cross he brings to Mars is

left behind during the evacuation. It becomes one of several things Mark Watney

uses to survive.

Dr. Chris Beck

One of the more introverted astronauts, Beck is the team’s doctor and

EVA (space walk) specialist. He is responsible for the daring rescue in which he

exits the spacecraft on a tether and uses it to pull Watney in. He is not ordinarily a

risk taker and generally errs on the side of caution. Beck is shown interacting with

his sister, Amy, but is not in a romantic relationship at the start of the novel

although he is extremely attracted to Johanssen. He tries not to show his interest

because of the ban on unprofessional conduct during the mission. But after the

end of what would have been the official mission while the Hermes is returning to
Mars, he and Johanssen begin a relationship with the full knowledge and approval

of Lewis and the rest of the crew. During the course of the novel, Beck becomes

more willing to take risks and to go after what he wants.

Alex Vogel

The only non-American member of the Ares 3 mission, Vogel represents

the European Union. He is a German chemist whose improvised bomb opens a

hole in one of the spaceship’s doors so as to let enough air out to adjust the

spacecraft’s trajectory. He is described as serious, yet Watney recalls bonding

with him over a beer during training. Because Watney is left behind on the surface

of Mars, Vogel ends up having to take over much of Watney's duties aboard

the Hermes while Watney performs many of the chemistry experiments Beck was

scheduled to do on the surface of Mars. Each man has a lot of respect for the

other's technical skills. Vogel has a wife, Helena, who works as a teacher and

lives in Bremen with their two children Eliza and Victor. He also has an aging

mother who suffers from a form of dementia that affects her memory.

Beth Johanssen

Described as a petite, attractive woman, Beth Johanssen is the youngest

and physically smallest person on the Ares 3 mission, although she still outranks

Watney. She is a computer specialist, highly intelligent and with a strong

background in programming and communications. She is responsible for decoding

the hidden message containing instructions for an unauthorized course change.

She is also responsible for overriding some of the Hermes spacecraft’s flight code

so as to allow Martinez to perform the course change. At the beginning of the

novel, Johanssen is not in a romantic relationship. She has a mother and father
who worry about her, but siblings are not mentioned. Later on in the novel she

begins a relationship with Beck. She becomes more assertive over the course of

the book.

Annie Montrose

The director of NASA’s media relations, Annie is a polished, high-

powered executive who comes across as very competent. She projects confidence

and is well respected by everybody. Policy-wise she is often in conflict with her

boss, Teddy Sanders. She favors open communications and is partly responsible

for the global interest in Mark Watney’s continued survival. She bitterly resents

Sanders’s manipulations and considers him a coward. Annie's subordinates regard

her as good-looking, polished, and extremely good at her job.

Bruce Ng

The director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory or JPL, Bruce lives in

Pasadena, California. He is responsible for the organization that designs and

builds the rockets required to launch resupply vehicles

Venkat Kapoor

Venkat Kapoor is the head of Mars operations. He is in charge of not only

the Ares 3 mission but other missions to Mars as well. He frequently finds himself

at odds with other administrators at NASA, particularly Teddy Sanders. A

basically honest person who is not fond of public speaking, Kapoor describes

himself as a Hindu. Although he shuns the limelight, Kapoor is key in organizing

the efforts to keep Watney alive and then to bring him home. He is comfortable

with risk and does not approve of excessive, unnecessary secrecy.

Mitch Henderson

The flight director for Ares 3, Mitch is Venkat Kapoor’s immediate

subordinate. He is a brusque, task-oriented individual who has very little regard

for other people’s feelings. His colleagues dislike his personality but appreciate

his willingness to take risks. He is responsible for finding a way to get details of

the Rich Purnell Maneuver to the Ares 3 team, despite having the course change

vetoed by Teddy Sanders. He is the first member of the team to stand up to

Sanders. But as a result of his personality and mannerisms, Henderson irritates the

Chinese scientists as well as his American peers.

Mindy Park

Mindy is a lowly analyst who works at SatCon. While looking at satellite

images of the Hab, realizes that Mark Watney is alive. She reports her findings to

Venkat Kapoor, and is immediately the center of attention. This makes her

uncomfortable at first, and she is intimidated by higher-ranking people such as

Annie Montrose and Mitch Henderson. She is given responsibility for ensuring

Mark Watney receives maximum satellite coverage. This, for her, is a promotion.

It also puts her in ongoing contact with relatively powerful people. She grows into

her new responsibilities, and by the end of the book she becomes more confident

and assertive and is no longer easily intimidated.

Rich Purnell

A physicist who generally calculates course corrections, Rich Purnell is

the man who first has the idea of sending the Hermes back to Mars by cutting its

orbit short and looping back. It is a high risk course change not because of the

physics but because the Hermes will have to be resupplied with food. If the
resupply mission fails all the astronauts will run out of food before the mission

ends. Introverted and lacking in social skills, Rich Purnell displays behaviors

consistent with high functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorder.

Guo Ming

The Director of the China National Space Administration, Guo Ming has

authority and responsibilities similar to those of Teddy Sanders at NASA. He is

responsible for interacting with the Chinese government in the form of the State

Council. Clever and politically astute, he is a well respected decision maker.

Zhu Tao

The Under Secretary responsible for the Taiyang Shen and other rocket

launches, Zhu Tao has a job description similar to that of Venkat Kapoor. He is

the one who first has the idea of using the Taiyang Shen booster to launch a

resupply after the NASA developed Iris probe is destroyed during an unsuccessful

launch attempt. A very serious man not known for joking, Zhu Tao has

bittersweet feelings about offering the Taiyang Shen booster, because although it

represents the only opportunity to save Mark Watney’s life, giving up the Taiyang

Shen probe will sacrifice the years of research and development of a solar probe

that would have increased the scientific knowledge of all humankind.

2.3.4 Setting

Griffith states that

“setting includes several closely related aspects of work of

fiction. First, setting is the physical, senses world of the work.

Second, it is the tome in which the action of the work takes

places. Third, it is social environment of the characters ; the

 manners, the costumes, and moral values that govern the

characters’ society. A fourth aspect “atmosphere” is largely but

no entirely an effect of setting.” (1986:52)

According to the statement above, the writer conclude that setting is the place and

time which the story or action done by the characters.

Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. It is the next planet beyond Earth.

Mars is more than 142 million miles from the sun. The planet is about one-sixth

the size of Earth. Mars is known as the Red Planet. It gets its red color from the

iron in its soil.

Hab on the Range

During that time, the Hab becomes Mark's stand-in home. He sleeps there,

works there, and watches oodles of '70 television there. He even calls it his "Little

Hab on the Prairie" (3.27). It might not be all that comfortable, but it provides him

some much-needed release after spending his days struggling for survival. That

being said, the comfort of the Hab makes it all the more difficult to step foot

outside.

Martian Road Trip

Instead of hiding out in the Hab, however, Mark undertakes a perilous

journey across the Martian surface. This quest shows us how old Mars is, as Mark

drives to the Ares 4 site through a valley that "millions of years ago [...] was a

river" (Weir, 2011: 39)

2.3.4. Theme
 In literary study, theme is the central topic, subject, or concept that the

author tries to point out. In other words, theme is an important element because it

gives the readers a point of view in the novel. “Theme is the central idea in the

work, weather fiction, poetry, or drama. Theme is an attractive element because it

gives works meaning; it makes them relevant.” (Griffith 1986:49)

From the beginning it is present, when he is essentialy stranded on Mars

by a massive dust storm, which is like an attack on him by the elements. Another

two instances have to do with the potato farming that Mark is doing to survive.

First, growing potatoes was immensely difficult to do on Mars due to the climate

being completely inhospitable to anything living, including the lack of any

nutrients in the soil, which makes him improvise and use his own dehydrated

excrements and fertilizer. Second, when the HAB's airlock explodes, all of his

potato plants die because of the harsh environment. Next one is that to make it to

the site of the next Ares mission, which he has to do, Mark has to traverse a huge

distance of an inhospitable landscape. He still makes mistakes. He still feels

hopeless at times. The important thing, however, is that he never lets himself be

defined by his failures. Instead, he picks up the pieces and moves forward in

whatever way possible.

Previous Study

There was a study about survival by one of the students in English

Education Department of Faculty of Language and Art UNIMA, Jecklin M Wenas

did a research about the survival of a man named Pi in the book Life of Pi by

Yann Martel.
 Purpose of her study is to reveal about the character of Pi in Yann Martel’s

work, Life of Pi who tells the story of young man who passed a few hundred days

at sea with a Bengal Tiger named Richard Parker. He had to survive so that the

tiger did not eat it. She also used qualitative research because and in analyzing the

data, she used objective approach. The result of her research is Pi’s mission to

survive, staying alive. At first, he wants to give up and think he is going to die.

But his believe in God makes him stronger and he make up his mind that his

going to live. Staying alive has become his mission. After so many obstacles in so

many days in an open sea, he finally got his achievement together with Richard

Parker. They survived and they got in to the land in Mexico.

The theme of her research and this research are almost the same. Both

research are about a man who has to survive alone using only the tools they had.

They have to portion their food and then produce water. They have their obstacles

and both of them manage to survive and live because of their spirit of survival.

The different between the research is Jecklin’s research is about analyzing

the main character named Pi in the novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel that include

how he survive and what the obstacles. While this research is only the spirit of

survival of the main character named Mark in the novel The Martian by Andy

Weir.
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design

The writer uses qualitative research in this research. According to Bogdan

and Biklen: “Qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected are in form of

word or picture rather. Then written result of the research contains quotation from

data to illustrate and substantiate the presentation.” (1982; 30) The data in the

research are in the form of words, it is mean that the research does not deal with

numbers, diagrams or formula as are found in quantitative. Therefore in

conducting the research, the library research is conducted in the library and the

source of data on book and internet. It includes some quotations in the novel and

other references which is considered important to improve the quality of this

research.

3.2 Data Collecting

In collecting the data, the writer divides the sources of the data into two

categories. The primary source which is the novel itself The Martian written by

Andy Weir and the second source which are the relevant books and the internet to

support the writer in doing this research.

3.3 Data Analysis

In analyzing the data the writer uses objective approach, this approach is

only focuses in analyzing the story based on the novel itself without concern on

the external aspects. As states by Abrams:

“The objective orientation, which on principle regards the works of

art in isolation from all external point or reference, analyzes itself

 sufficient entity constituted by its part in their internal relations,

and gets out or judge it solely by criteria intrinsic to its made of

being.” (1979: 182)

It means that the central point of this research is in the novel itself. The objective

approach according to M. G Maru

“This approach sets out to judge solely the work of art by intrinsic

criteria to its own mode of being. In this research, the intrinsic

criteria are mostly focused on the character of the play particularly

the protagonist.” (101)

According to the statement above, this research only focuses on the work itself

without any attention to the external part of the work. The presentation focuses on

revealing the spirit of suvive of Mark Watney in The Martian written by Andy

Weir.
 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

4.1 Mark Watney’s Spirit of Survival

Spirit to survive is a persons hardwork, high motivation and determination

to look beyond what is the now and more to the future to live and to move on.

Determination is the essences of increasing your chances of being successful in a

particular thing or achieving a particular goal, and it can also help you to stay

motivated and have a spirit to survive. Having determination keeps human in

control and has a high motivation to survive. Without having a high motivation, a

person would not be able to push through and keep moving forward when times

start to get tough and it is important to know what gives the person that

determination to keep going and by remembering that answer when he is faced

with adversity or a challenging situation. The definition of determination is when

you want to do something very much and not allowing anyone or any difficulties

stop you for doing it. This definition could not be any more accurate and that is

what the beauty of determination is and why it’s so important for anyone to have.

Without any determination, it can lead you to give up on the one thing that you

wanted to do because of the difficulty that you are faced with or what someone

else has said. No one should ever give up on something that they truly want to do

because everyone can achieve something if they are willing to put in the work and

have a strong mindset towards overcoming the particular challenge and

overcoming people who disagree with you and don’t have your best interest at

heart. That’s the power of determination and having that by your side can make a

difference to your life. Having a spirit to survive means a person must be a

hardworking person. Hard work is the maximum effort to meet the needs of life in

this world and hereafter accompanied by optimistic attitude. Everyone should do

their best to survive.

The spirit to survive is reflected in the novel entitled The Martian. This

novel was written by Andy Weir in 2011 and published in 2015. This novel tells

about an astronaut named Mark Watney who lives alone on Mars because he had

an accident. The accident began when he and his crew tried to rescue MAV (Mars

Ascent Vehicle) from the storm of Mars, but an antenna hit Mark, thus damaging

its spacesuit and makes him hurt. The crew who saw it thought that Mark was

dead, so they left him. The accident made Mark think to look for ways to survive

with his skill as farmer on Mars and looking for ways to communicate with

NASA to help him.

4.1.1 Hardworking

Oxford defines hard work as, “a great deal of effort or endurance.”

Merriam-Webster defines hardworking as, “industrious, diligent.” While Michel

Crrews in his book Hard Work: Succes Made Easy defines hard work is “about

loving yourself enough to be the best you can be” Through experience and

research, hardworking is both what people physically and mentally effort, to do

the best in other words a state of mind to being the best people can be.

According to the writer understanding people work hard because people

care. No one works hard for no reason at all. Every person has a reason, either it is

families to support, dreams to work toward, curiosities to satisfy and to survive in

life. In the novel The Martian, Mark Watney journey to survive has shown that he

was a hadworking man. He was not only physically did an effort but he mentally
strong to face the truth that he himself that has to make an effort in order to

survive on a planet where no other human but himself as seen on the quotation

below:

“Everyone on the mission had two specialties. I’m a botanist and

mechanical engineer. Basically, I was the mission’s fix-it man who

played with plants. The mechanical engineering might save my life if

something breaks.” I’ve been thinking about how to survive this. It’s

not completely hopeless. There’ll be humans back on Mars in about

four years when Ares 4 arrives (assuming they didn’t cancel the

program in the wake of my“death”). (2015:11)

Mark Watney works so hard to get himself out of Mars including make water,

producing food on the Mars soil, and attempt to contact Earth.

After rowing on the hill, there is one thing that makes Watney happy and

other things that make it very sad that Hab is still intact while Mav is not there.

Mark is really alone. The communication link to the earth is cut off, so is the

depleted food supply. Of the entire series of existing travel missions, he will only

live a few months on Mars while the mission Ares 4 arrives on Mars takes several

years. There are some exceptions that come to maid when there is damage to the

tools in Hab. As describe in under quotation “If the Oxygenator breaks down, I’ll

suffocate. If the Water Reclaimer breaks down, I’ll die of thirst. If the Hab

breaches, I’ll just kind of explode. If none of those things happen, I’ll eventually

run out of food and starve to death. So yeah. I’m fucked (Weir, 2011:8) However,

Mark did not give up. With her botanical intelligence and his overwhelming sense

of humor, Mark began his personal mission to survive. Some of these missions are
producing food, producing water and contacting NASA to tell them that he is not

dead in sol 6.

1. Producing Food

Watney is a botanical expert so farming is no big deal for him, it’s just that

the land of Mars is not as good as the ground on Earth. As describe in under

quotation:

“Martian soil has the basic building blocks needed for plant growth,

but there’s a lot of stuff going on in Earth soil that Mars soil doesn’t

have, even when it’s placed in an Earth-atmosphere and given plenty

of water. Bacterial activity, certain nutrients provided by animal life,

etc. None of that is happening on Mars” (Weir, 2011:12).

But Watney did not give up he always had a brilliant new idea so he could live

and survive until Ares 4 arrived.

He started his activities as usual by doing EVA for four hours and learning

to save on eating so he could last longer. As describe in under quotation “’I’m

going to start rationing food right now. Meals are pretty minimal already, but I

think I can eat a 3/4 portion per meal and still be all right. That should turn my

300 days of food in to 400’” (Weir, 2011:10). Three quarters of each meal. That’s

how Watney survived.

Then, he began to think to make fertilizer from the dirt to the bacteria in

the stool is active and flavored and spread to the land of mars that has been mixed

with the water and soil from the Earth. As describe in under quotation:

“I found a big container and filled it with a bit of water, then added the

dried shit. Since then, I’ve added my own shit to it as well. The worse
 it smells, the more successful things are going. That’s the bacteria at

work!

Once I get some Martian soil in here, I can mix in the shit and spread

it out. Then I can sprinkle the Earth soil on top.’” (Weir, 2011:14).

The above quotation explains how Watney makes fertilizer for farming on Mars,

an uninhabited Planet.

After that, he searched for a food crop that could be planted and he found

peas, peanuts and potatoes but he preferred potatoes because potatoes contained

enough calories. It can be seen in under quotation:

“’My best bet for making calories is potatoes. They grow prolifically

and have a reasonable caloric content (770 calories per kg). I’m pretty

sure the ones I have will germinate. Problem is I can’t grow enough of

them. In 62 square meters, I could grow maybe 150kg of potatoes in

400days (the time I have before running out of food). That’s a grand

total of115,500 calories, a sustainable average of 288 calories per day.

With my height and weight, if I’m willing to starve a little, I need

1500 calories per day.’”(Weir, 2011:17).

After a week, Watney was ready to plant in an area of 62 square meters or two

thirds of Hab containing soil.

After cutting the potatoes into sections and allowing for several hours, the

potatoes were ready to be planted. As describe in under quotation:

‘”I cut each potato in to 4 pieces, making sure each piece had at least 2

eyes. The eyes are where they sprout from. I let them sit for a few

hours to harden a bit, then planted them, well spaced apart, in the
 corner. Godspeed, little taters. My life depends on you’” (Weir,

2011:21).

The above quotation illustrates that Watney relies heavily on the potato so that he

can survive until Ares 4 arrives.

After planting it he realized that in farming there is one obstacle that he

did not think of the water problem. Fortunately, he has a water supply in Hab of

300 liters and is added with 50 liters of emergency water supply. But 250 liters is

not enough to turn the plant up to 9.2 cubic meters. As describe in under

quotation:‘”One complication I hadn’t thought of: Water. To be viable, soil needs

40 liters of water per cubic meter. My overall plan calls for 9.2cubic meters of

soil. So I’ll eventually need 368 liters of water to feed it.” (Weir, 2011:16).

Quotation above explains that 300 liters of water is not enough for the existing

land because the land requires 368 liters of water. That is he still needs 68 liters of

water, and even then without of emergency water.

2. Creating Water

Watney began to try again to get a brilliant idea to find ways to produce

water anyhow. He also found the idea but a very dangerous idea. It can be prove

in under quotation:

‘”I have an idiotically dangerous plan for getting the water I need.

And boy do I mean *dangerous*. But I don’t have much choice. I’m

out of ideas and I’m due for another dirt-doubling in a few days.

When I do the final doubling, I’ll be doubling on to all that new soil

I’ve brought in. If I don’t wet it first, it’ll just die. There isn’t a lot of

water here on Mars. There’s ice at the poles, but they’re too far away.
 If I want water I’ll have to make it from scratch. Fortunately, I know

the recipe: Take hydrogen. Add oxygen. Burn’” (Weir, 2011:23).

The quotation above explains that Watney is a crazy enough with his ideas but he

really has no choice.

Then, he began to design tools to create water so he could survive on the

planet. Watney must began step by step, it begins with Oxygen, then separates

hydrogen from hydrazine taken from MDV that serves to make fire to create more

water than needed. Look very simple but very dangerous if Watney made a

mistake. As describe in under quotation:

‘”Firstly, Hydrazine is some serious death. If I make any mistakes,

there’ll be nothing left but the “Mark Watney Memorial Crater” where

the Hab once stood. Presuming I don’t fuck up with the Hydrazine,

there’s still the matter of burning hydrogen. I’m going to be setting a

fire. In the Hab. On purpose. But if I can pull it off, I’ll be making

water continuously, with no need to store hydrogen or oxygen. It’ll be

mixed in to the atmosphere as humidity, but the Water Reclaimer will

pull it out’” (Weir, 2011:27)

The quotation above explains Watney’s brief way to create water. Simple but if he

is wrong just a bit in the making he can die either because of hydrazine gas in

inhaled or because of the explosion.

Although a little inconvenient almost every night take care of hydrazine

but Watney managed to create 100 liters water every 50 liters of hydrazine, make

him have hope for life. As describe in under quotation:

 “Long story short, I’ll stop when the tank is half-empty, and I’ll have

50L or water at the end! Well that took a really long time. I’ve been at

it all night with the Hydrazine. But I got the job done. Things are

finally going my way. In fact, they’re going great! I have a chance to

live after all!’” (Weir, 2011:32)

The above quote is proof that Watney succeeded in creating water even though it

was very dangerous but he was so careful that incidents were harmful to his and

Hab. With the enormous hope Watney succeeded in creating water so that the

potato crops flourished and grem well and for a few weeks he in a safe situation.

3. Attempt to Contact NASA and Crew

Watney is the kind of person who does not give up easily, even though he

knows that it will not work but he still tries it. As contained in the quotation

below:

“’I knew it was hopeless, but I tried firing up the communication

array. No signal, of course. The primary satellite dish had broken off,

remember? And it took the reception antennae with it. The Hab had

secondary and tertiary communication systems, but they were both

just for talking to the MAV, which would use its much more powerful

systems to relay to Hermes.” (Weir, 2011:7).

The above quote proves that Watney is one of those people who will not give up

before trying even though he knows the results are not as expected. Mark always

finds his way to entertain himself even in a huge difficulty. Although he knows

the chances are low, he try it anyway.

 After some time, he is continues to find a way to contact NASA and his

crew who are still in Hermes (mission aircraft Ares 3). Until one nigh Watney

remembered the Pathfinder. Pathfinder is one of NASA’s advanced tools that can

be used to signal life to the Earth. Is describe in under question:

“The Lander was immobile, while Sojourner wandered around and got

a good look at the local rocks. I’m taking both back with me, but the

important part is the Lander. That’s the part that can communicate

with Earth. “Pathfinder has two communication systems. One to talk

to us, the other to talk to Sojourner’” (Weir, 2011:89).

The quotation above proves that Watney still has hope to return to Earth. He finds

the way to communicate with Earth. He is taking Sojourner and Lander to MAV

to make a communication tool by himself.

Then he went back to Hab and repaired the Pathfinder because it had been

out of work since1997. As describe in under quotation: “I don’t want to break it. I

mean, it’s already broken, they lost contact in 1997. But I don’t want to break it

more” (Weir, 2011:91). The above quotation explains that Watney did not want

her hopes to be lost because of damage to the devise.

Watney began his work by repairing the Pathfinder by charging the battery

and repairing the long-dead lander. After that he patiently waits for the device to

function again. As describe in under quotation:

“’The Pathfinder mission ended because the Lander had an unknown

critical failure. Once the battery runs down, the electronics get too

cold to operate, and the whole system dies. The solar panels will

recharge the battery somewhat, but there’s nothing to tell the system
 to reboot. Anything that could make that decision would be

electronics, which would not be working. Eventually, the now unused

battery will lose its ability to retain charge. That’s the usual cause of

death. And I sure hope it’s what killed Pathfinder. Now I wait. And

hope’” (Weir 2011:98).

The quotation above explains that his hope to contact Earth depends on the battery

and Lander. Mark has thought about every possibility and do verything he could.

All he has to do is wait for the respons from Earth before the Lander’s battery

runs out.

Although the process is a bit long, Watney’s crazy plan was successful

with great satisfaction. The tool and even than functioned there the direction of

the antenna also pointed the earth sign that the device gets a signal from that

direction, as contained in the quotation below:

‘”It worked! Holy fucking shit it worked! I just checked the Lander.

The high gain antenna is angled directly at Earth! Pathfinder has no

way of knowing where it is, so it has no way of knowing where Earth

is. The only way for it to find out is getting a signal. They know I’m

alive! Happy dance, happy dance, I’m doin’ the happy dance! All

right. Enough happy dance. Time to make with the communicatin’!’”

(Weir, 2011:103).

Quotation above explains about at that time, Watney was the happiest person on

the planet (because only he himself lived there) and hope to live even greater.

Then, NASA sends a way to hack the network from Pathfinder connected to

Rover so they can communicate well via Rover’s computer. Then, Watney started
by fixing Rover 2 by moving Rover 1 batteries to Rover 2, sunning the solar

panels and preparing for her journey to the Sciaparelli Crater.

4.1.2 High Motivation

Motivation refers to “the reasons underlying behavior” (Guay et al., 2010:

712). Broussard and Garrison define motivation as “the attribute that moves us to

do or not to do something” (2004: 106) The purpose of motivation is to keep the

individual moving toward the goal. All of the achievements in our life are built

upon a source of motivation. Motivation is one of the most powerful tools that any

person could have, and with enough of it, anyone could be as successful as they

desire. With that being said, many people feel that they lack the motivation to

achieve their goals. It is very common for people to become discouraged because

the have not achieved all of their ambitions. On the contrast there are special kinds

of people who wake up everyday with the inspiration to do anything, and

everything they want, these types all tend to be very strong-willed and never focus

on the negatives. Mark Watney motivation is to stay alive and back to Earth again.

I stumbled up the hill back toward the Hab. As I crested the rise, I

saw something that made me very happy and something that made

me very sad: The Hab was in-tact (yay!) and the MAV was gone

(boo!). Right that moment I knew I was screwed. But I didn’t want

to just die out on the surface. I limped back to the Hab and fumbled

my way in to an airlock. As soon as it equalized, I threw off my

helmet. (Andy Weir, 2015: 7) 8

The monologue above showed that Mark has a high motivation to survive, staying

alive was really important for him, it was showed when he treats his wound after a
storm accident. He has a high motivation to survive on Mars alone. So he trudged

toward Hab to restore his condition and prepare his way of survival until he could

return to Earth.

Watney’s wish to return home to Earth is getting bigger. He started

thinking about going to the crater where Ares 4 landed later to find the MAV

(plane to ride to Hermes) although the distance is very far as contained in the

quotation below:

“’It’s time to start thinking long term. Even if I find a way to tell

NASA I’m alive, there’s no guarantee they’ll be able to save me. I

need to be proactive. I need to figure out how to get to Ares 4.Won’t

be easy....... Ares 4’s MAV spent 11 months getting to Mars. Using

less fuel and taking a longer route, it got there around the same time as

us. As expected, Martinez landed it beautifully. It was one of the last

things we did before piling in to our MDV and heading to the

surface’” (Weir, 2011:59)

The quotation above explains how important the MAV and the mission of Ares 4

so that he can return to Earth.

The quotation below shows that NASA asks Watney to make the MAV

more light by throwing the unnecessary tools from it so that it will going up the

Mars atmosphere faster because the fuel is not enough to push the MAV.

“[09:09]MAV: You're sending me into space in a convertible.

[09:24]HOUSTON: There will be Hab canvas covering the holes. It

will provide enough aerodynamics in Mars's atmosphere.

[09:38]MAV: So it's a ragtop. Much better.” (Weir, 2011: 298)

Watney did the procedure that NASA asks him to do and he is doing it with his

sense of humor. His sense of humor keeps him sane through his journey in Mars.

As seen on the quotation below:

“I'm not improvising anything. I'm following a script sent by NASA,

which was set up to make things as easy as possible. Sometimes I miss

the days when I made all the decisions myself. Then I shake it off and

remember I'm infinitely better with a bunch of geniuses deciding what

I do than making shit up as I go along.” (Weir, 2011: 301)

Watney crew whom agreed to go back to pick him up finally has a chance

to talk to him after they left him on Mars. Watney was realy happy to finally

speak to them and knowing that they came back just for him and as usual, he takes

it with jokes. As seen on the quotation below:

[19:26]JOHANSSEN: Funny. Don't make that kind of joke with

Lewis.

[19:27]MAV: Roger. So uh... thanks for coming back to get me.

[19:27]JOHANSSEN: It's the least we could do. How is the MAV

retrofit going?” (Weir, 2011: 303)

After he did the procedures, Watney only have six more SOLs in Mars and the

Hab is on its place orbiting Mars. He portion his meal and water for the day and

in case it got delayed. He did not even take a pee so that his urine can be used as

a fuel when the time comes.

When the time has come, Watney is ready. The procedures has so many

risks and it was one chance only. If something goes wrong, he will die, and in
this case anything can go wrong. But Watney has determined that he will take

the shot and do it. As seen below:

This is it. There's nothing after this. There isn't even an abort

procedure. Why make one? We can't delay the launch. Hermes can't

stop and wait. No matter what, we're launching on schedule........

I've had my last Martian potato. I've slept in the rover for the last

time. I've had my last EVA on the surface. I'm leaving Mars today,

one way or another.

About fucking time.” (Weir, 2011: 307)

The procedures was really intense, from the first time the MAV leave the

Mars atmosphere there are so much things going on. First, when Watney got out

of Mars they almost loose contact but gain it back :

““I'm getting more response now,” Martinez said. “Back on track with

full acceleration,” Johanssen said. “Must have been drag. MAV's out

of the atmosphere now.” “It was like flying a cow,” Martinez

grumbled, his hands racing over his controls. “Can you get him up?”

Lewis asked. “He'll get to orbit,” Johanssen said, “but the intercept

course may be compromised.”” (Weir, 2011: 313)

Second, Watney was too far from the HAB and the MAV did not have anything to

make it fly closer to the HAB. But the team came up with the idea to get him with

the intercept : “Intercept velocity will be 11 meters per second...” she began. “I

can make that work,” Beck said over the radio. “Distance at intercept will be-”

She stopped and choked. Shakily, she continued. “We'll be 68 kilometers apart.”

She buried her face in her hands. “Did she say 68 kilometers!?” Beck said.
“Kilometers!?” “God damn it,” Martinez whispered” (Weir, 2011: 314) Third,

they can use the intercept but it will be too fast and they have to figure it out as

fast as they can because they will lost him, as seen below :

“In 39 minutes we'd deflect...” Johanssen quickly typed, “72

kilometers!” “There we go,” Lewis said. “How much fuel-” “Use 75.5

percent of remaining attitude adjust fuel,” Johanssen said. “That'll

bring the intercept range to zero.” “Do it,” Lewis said. “Aye,

Commander.” Martinez said. “Hold on,” Johanssen said. “That'll get

the intercept range to zero, but the intercept velocity will be 42 meters

per second.” “Then we have 39 minutes to figure out how to slow

down,” Lewis said. “Martinez, burn the jets.” (Weir, 2011: 314)

Fourth, they came up with another idea of breaching the VAL to produce thrust

but they can not open the ship door so they have to make bomb and blow the door

off, as seren on the quotation below:

“Houston,” Lewis's voice rang through Mission Control, “be advised

we are going to deliberately breach the VAL to produce thrust.”

“What?” Mitch said. “What!?” He yelled. “Oh... my god,” Venkat said

in the observation room. (Weir, 2011: 323)

After all the counting and bombing, they finally got to the MAV and make contact

with Watney and successfully took Watney to the HAB. As seen below:

as Vogel worked his way around them and closed the outer door.

“Aboard!” Beck said. “Airlock 2 outer door closed,” Vogel said.

“Yes!” Martinez yelled. “Copy,” Lewis said. Lewis's voice echoed

 across the world: “Houston, this is Hermes Actual. Six crew safely

aboard.” (Weir, 2011: 323)

4.1.3 Determination

According to Merriam Webster dictionary, determination refers to “firm or

fixed intention to achieve a desired end” According to Collins Dictionary,

“determination is the quality that you show when you have decided to do

something and you will not let anything stop you” while according to Cambridge

Dictionary, “the ability to continue trying to do something, although it is very

difficult.” According to the writer, determination means the power or tenacity of

people mind to maintain and apply the power of a person desires and turns the

dreams and desires into reality. It is a person mind to focus on the goals and

pursue them with enthusiasm and perseverance. No matter what problems a

person encounter, the challenges and the painful reality of the complex world,

determination is the reason why people can move forward in your life.

Determination is one of the mysterious mechanisms of nature, not just humans.

Animals also show firm determination to protect themselves from enemies and

threats and to survive in any challenges. There is no doubt that determination has

been integrated into an advanced lifestyle that has enabled people to face life and

survive in difficult and different environments.

The difference between success and failure is the strength and

determination of a persons will. Some people may succeed because of luck, but

most people can only pass through determination. Some people give up easily,

while others struggle to the end. In humans, it seems to be part of our survival

instincts and self-expression. However, due to various influences, it may not

appear. We can determine their goals and aspirations. Some people give up easily,

and some people end up. Some people have never tried it, and some people never

give up before they finish their work.

I stumbled up the hill back toward the Hab. As I crested the rise, I

saw something that made me very happy and something that made

me very sad: The Hab was in-tact (yay!) and the MAV was gone

(boo!). Right that moment I knew I was screwed. But I didn’t want

to just die out on the surface. I limped back to the Hab and fumbled

my way in to an airlock. As soon as it equalized, I threw off my

helmet. (2015: 7)

The monologue above showed that Mark has a high motivation to survive, staying

alive was really important for him, it was showed when he treats his wound after a

storm accident. He has a high motivation to survive on Mars alone. So he trudged

toward Hab to restore his condition and prepare his way of survival until he could

return to Earth.

4.2 The Causes of the Spirit to Survive in Mars

The causes of Mark Watney’s spirit to survive in Mars, are basic needs of

human. Needs are central to human functioning. The concept of human needs

stems from the biological nature of human, a nature that can be broadly viewed in

both mental and physical terms. In order to sustain human physically, people need

such things as food, clean water,shelter, sleep, physical movement, etc. Almost

every human, being able to survive by meeting physical needs seems

uncontroversial, for obvious reasons. However, meeting psychological or mental

needs is not usual in our culture, people often call it needy.

 Maslow (1943, 1954) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain

needs and that some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is for

physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behavior. Once

that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.

1. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival,

e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. If these needs are not

satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow considered

physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become secondary

until these needs are met.

2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom

from fear.

3. Social (Love and belongingness) needs - after physiological and safety needs

have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings

of belongingness. The need for interpersonal relationships motivates behavior

Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving

affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).

4. Esteem needs - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for

oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for

reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). Maslow indicated that the

need for respect or reputation is most important for children and adolescents and

precedes real self-esteem or dignity.

5. Self-actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking

personal growth and peak experiences. A desire “to become everything one is

capable of becoming”(Maslow, 1987, p. 64).

 Maslow continued to refine his theory based on the concept of a hierarchy

of needs over several decades (Maslow, 1943, 1962, 1987). Regarding the

structure of his hierarchy, Maslow (1987) proposed that the order in the hierarchy

“is not nearly as rigid” (p. 68) as he may have implied in his earlier description.

Maslow noted that the order of needs might be flexible based on external

circumstances or individual differences. For example, he notes that for some

individuals, the need for self-esteem is more important than the need for love. For

others, the need for creative fulfillment may supersede even the most basic needs.

Maslow (1987) also pointed out that most behavior is multi-motivated and noted

that “any behavior tends to be determined by several or all of the basic needs

simultaneously rather than by only one of them” (p. 71).

In the novel, Mark Watney was left because his friends thought that he

was dead. Ares 3 is a NASA mission that carries a crew led by Commander Lewis

to Mars to research the surface of Mars according to his field. Mark Watney is a

member of the crew and he is a botanist, whose job is to find out the growth rate

of plants on Mars. As describes in under quotation:

“None of that is happening on Mars. One of my tasks for the mission

was to see how plants grow here, in various combinations of Earth or

Mars soil and atmosphere” (Weir, p. 12).

The quotation above explains about how the land is on Mars and why they went

there.

However, when on Mars they experience an undesirable even that makes

their mission must be canceled and events that occur make Watney must be left on

Mars because his friends think he was dead. As describe in under quotation:
 “The rovers could be anchors. The trick would be getting the line

around the-‘ Flying wreckage slammed Watney, carrying him off in to

the wind. ‘Watney!’ Johanssen exclaimed. ‘What happened?’ Lewis

said. ‘Something hit him!’ Johanssen reported. ‘Watney, report,’

Lewis said. No reply. ‘Watney, report,’ Lewis repeated. Again, she

was met with silence. ‘He’s offline,’ Johanssen reported. ‘I don’t

know where he is!’” (Weir, 2011:120)

The above quotation proves that a strong wind is the cause of all the problems that

occur on Mars and almost everything has destroyed. Johansenn try to contact

Watney but he does not respons, so the thought he is dead. So they left without

knowing that he is still live.

Mark Watney woke up in sol 6 with an antenna stuck in his stomach. The

pain is not playing. He entered into Hab in fact colleagues had left him alone. As

describe in under quotation:

“’I awoke to the oxygen alarm in my suit. A steady, obnoxious

beeping that eventually roused me from a deep and profound desire to

just fucking die.’” (Weir, 2011:5).

The blood that becomes the sticky fluid saves Watney’s life, so he may survive on

the planet’s oxygenated march. He has knocked out and out of conciousness, so

when the crew contacted him, he does not respons. Those are some of the

problems that cause Mark to live on Mars alone without anyone knowing that he

was still alive.

4.2.1 Psyological Needs

 Physical needs, also known as physiological needs, are essential for life, as

humans and animals cannot live without them. According to the psychologist

Abraham Maslow,

“humans have a hierarchy of needs that they move through as they

progress into adulthood. Along with the physical needs that form the

base of the pyramid, people also have safety needs, a need to belong

or fit, the need for self-esteem or self-worth and a perceived need for

self-actualization.”

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a physical need is something

critical to the survival to the survival of the human body. Maslow lists the basic

physical needs as water, air, food, warmth, sex, sleep and the disposal of bodily

waste.

In The Martian, Mark Watney needs to survive, so he needs to fullfill his

needs. First he needs to fulfill his physical needs, as mention above. As seen on

the quotation below :

“If the oxygenator breaks down, I’ll suffocate. If the water reclaimer

breaks down, I’ll die of thirst. If the Hab breaches, I’ll just kind of

explode. If none of those things happen, I’ll eventually run out of food

and starve to death. So yeah. I’m fucked.” (.....)

There are no oxygen and only limited food and water in Mars. Watney struggle to

go home to Earth so he can fulfill his needs especially physiological needs such as

water, food and oxygen. He is taking risks to get burn and die just to create water.

But he success and survive his days in Mars until his team pick him up. His needs

of water can be seen on the quotation below:

 “...... One of the magic spells I could cast was “Create Water.” I

always thought it was a really stupid spell, and I never used it. Boy,

what I wouldn’t give to be able to do that in real life right now.”

His needs of food also can be seen below:

“Also, have I mentioned I’m sick of potatoes? Because, by God, I am sick of

potatoes. If I ever return to Earth, I’m going to buy a nice little home in Western

Australia. Because Western Australia is on the opposite side of Earth from Idaho.”

4.2.2 Safety needs

Safety needs are about keeping people safe from harm. These needs

including shelter, job security, health and safe environtment. If a person does not

feel safe in an environtment, they will seek to find safety before they attempt to

meet any higher level needs. These safety needs are important as the basic

physiological needs. As seen below, living in Mars is not safe at all. So many

risks to face, as seen below:

“If the oxygenator breaks down, I’ll suffocate. If the water reclaimer

breaks down, I’ll die of thirst. If the Hab breaches, I’ll just kind of

explode. If none of those things happen, I’ll eventually run out of food

and starve to death. So yeah. I’m fucked.” (.....)

Watney needs a safe environtment so he can stay alive, Mars is not an

ideal place to live at all, considering the lack of food and water, also the weather

in there are very likely to kill him. The most important thing is there is no Oxygen

in Mars. As quoted from Watney, “Mars keeps trying to kill me.”

4.2.3 Social Needs

 Social needs advance our tribe nature. Those are the needs for belonging,

love, affection as well as for relationships with family and friends and

companionship. These needs arre met through pleasing nd fulfilling relationship

with others. A pleasing and fulfilling relationship would imply acceptance from

others. Having satisfied their basic physiological and security needs, people tend

to seek relationship from which their need for love and belonging.

In Mars, Watney is left alone because his teams thought he was dead. He

keeps thinking about how lonely he is in there. Human needs to socialize, and

being alone can be dangerous, even dangerous for himself. As seen on some

quotation below: “I’m the first person to be alone on an entire planet.”(.....) “Mars

is a barren wasteland and I am completely alone here. I already knew that, of

course. But there’s a difference between knowing it and really experiencing it.”

“Jesus Christ, I’d give anything for a five-minute conversation with

anyone. Anyone, anywhere. About anything. I’m the first person to be alone on an

entire planet.” (.....) as seen above, Watney needs to socialize can clearly be seen.

He really needs to socialize, because it is a very bsic needs of human. That makes

him more motivated to survive.

4.2.4 Esteem Needs

At the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy is the need for appreciation and

respect. When the needs at the bottom three levels have been satisfied, the esteem

needs begin to play a more prominent role in motivating behavior. At this point, it

becomes increasingly important to gain the respect and appreciation of others.

People have a need to accomplish things and then have their efforts recognized.

As seen on the statement below, Mark Watney’s Esteem needs are shown. He
wanted people to know that he survive Mars and able to make a fuel for rocket

using his urine. “I'm even going to electrolyze my urine. That'll make for a

pleasant smell in the trailer. If I survive this, I'll tell people I was pissing rocket

fuel.”

In addition to the need for feelings of accomplishment and prestige, the

esteem needs include such things as self-esteem and personal worth. People need

to sense that they are valued and by others and feel that they are making a

contribution to the world. Participation in professional activities, academic

accomplishments, athletic or team participation, and personal hobbies can all play

a role in fulfilling the esteem needs. Mark Watney’s esteem needs can be seen on

the quotatio below: “They say once you grow crops somewhere, you have

officially ‘colonised’ it. So technically, I colonised Mars. In your face, Neil

Armstrong!”

People who are able to satisfy the esteem needs by achieving good self-

esteem and the recognition of others tend to feel confident in their abilities. Those

who lack self-esteem and the respect of others can develop feelings of inferiority.

Together, the esteem and social levels make up what is known as the

psychological needs of the hierarchy.

4.2.5 Self-actualization Needs

At the very peak of Maslow’s hierarchy are the self-actualization needs.

"What a man can be, he must be," Maslow explained, referring to the need people

have to achieve their full potential as human beings. According to Maslow’s

definition of self-actualization:
 "It may be loosely described as the full use and exploitation of talents,

capabilities, potentialities, etc. Such people seem to be fulfilling

themselves and to be doing the best that they are capable of doing...

They are people who have developed or are developing to the full

stature of which they capable." (79)

Mark Watney has reach this level of needs. His self actualization needs can be

seen as he face things with sense of humour and believe in his capability. He

made water which is barely impossible, he plants potatoes in Mars soil and

succeeded to contact Earth. He did it while in Mars where everything is risks him

to die, and finally go home to Earth.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Mark Watney an astronaut on the Ares 3 mission to Mars is left stranded

following a storm. His crew thought he was dead after seeing his suit lose

pressure and had no choice but to evacuate the planet. Miraculously he survives

the storm only to realise that he has been left behind. He is forced to ration out his

food and find a way to survive until the next planned mission to Mars.

As a botanist and an engineer it does not take long for Mark to become the

first farmer on Mars. Using the potatoes planned for Thanksgiving, Mark prepares

them for planting. By cutting each potato into segments with two eyes each he

carries Martian dirt into the Hab which are his living quarters. He then mixes the

dirt with his own waste to encourage the growth of bacteria for his potatoes. As

well as food, Mark also needs water so he create water, scientifically.

Mark is stuck in an impossible situation and has fought through it out of

sheer force of will. Sure, his scientific background and training comes in useful,

but the most important contributor to his survival is his spirit to survive

5.2 SUGGESTION

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