‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‬
‫• ‪ 1‬ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫• ‪ 2‬أﻧﻮاع ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫• ‪ 3‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫• ‪ 4‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫• ‪ 5‬اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫• ‪ 6‬اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬

‫ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻤــﻊ اﻟــﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳــﺔ‪ (Paraffin Wax :‬ﻫــﻮ ﻋﺒــﺎرة ﻋــﻦ ﻣﺰﻳــﺞ وﺧﻠﻴــﻂ ﻧﻘــ‪ ‬ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻔﺤــﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻨ‪ ‬اﻟﻤ‪‬ﺸﺒ‪‬ﻊ واﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸ‪‬ﻞ اﻷﻟ‪‬ﺎﻧﺎت اﻟ‪‬ﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﻳ‪‬ﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ وزن ﺟﺰﻳﺌ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻟ‪ ،‬و ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟ‪‬ﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺔ )‪ ،(CnH2n+2‬وﻳﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول واﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﻟﺤﺠﺮي‪،‬‬
‫]‪[1‬‬

‫ﻋ‪‬ﺮف اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻤ‪‬ﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‪.‬‬
‫]‪[2‬‬
 ‫أﻧﻮاع ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺴﻢ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﺔ ﺻﻼﺑﺘﻪ إﻟ‪:‬‬
‫]‪[3‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﻴﻦ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ :(Softer Paraffin Waxes :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻘﻄّﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‪ ،‬ودرﺟﺔ ﻏﻠﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 154-76‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً؛ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﻴﻦ ﻛﻼ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﻬﺶ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ :(Slack Wax :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻘﻄﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 38-27‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً‪ ،‬وﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻧﺴﺒﺔ وﺟﻮد اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪.%35-10‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻻرﺗﺸﺎﺣ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ :(Sweat Wax :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳ‪‬ﻮن ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ‪16‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً‪ ،‬و ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﻓ‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻮرﻗﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻠﻴﻮﻧﺔ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ :(Intermediate Paraffin Waxes :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﺗ‪‬ﻮن درﺟﺔ ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﺷﻔ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ (Scale Wax :‬اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮاوح أﻟﻮان أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ اﻟﺨﺎم ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﻴﺾ واﻷﺻﻔﺮ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﻳﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﺷﻔ‪ ‬ذو‬
‫اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻋﻠ‪ ‬أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ %4‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‪ ،‬أﻣ‪‬ﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﺷﻔ‪ ‬ذو اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺘ‪‬ﻮن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪.%2‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ :(Harder Paraffin Waxes :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت؛ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪ ‬إﻧﺘﺎج ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت واﻟﻤﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺸﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻻرﺗﺸﺎح‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘّﻊ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫]‪[4‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻧﻪ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻧﻌﺪام ﻟﻮﻧﻪ وراﺋﺤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﺮاوح درﺟﺔ ذوﺑﺎن ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 68-46‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﺣﻮاﻟ‪ 900 ‬ﻛﻎ‪/‬م‪.3‬‬
‫ﻳﺬوب ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻹﺳﺘﺮات‪ ،‬واﻹﻳﺜﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﺬوب ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﻤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﺷﺘﻌﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴ‪‬ﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﺎوﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة؛ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﻳﺒﻘ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎً ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻓ‪‬‬
‫درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﻠﺘﺼﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺮ‪‬ﺿﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‪.‬‬
 ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮاً ﻻﻣﺘﻼك ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰة؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‪ ،‬أﻫﻤﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﻮع‪ :‬ﺗُﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺸﻤﻮع ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﻢ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎدة اﻹﺳﺘﻴﺎرﻳﻦ‬

‫إﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪%10‬؛ ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﻔﺎف ﻟﻠﺸﻤﻌﺔ وإﺑﻄﺎء اﺷﺘﻌﺎل اﻟﺸﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[5‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻦ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻓ‪ ‬ﻗﺪرﺗﻪ ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮة‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﻔﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬وإزاﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﱡﻘﻘﺎت واﻟﻨّﺪﺑﺎت؛ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠّﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺸﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﺷﻤﻮع‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ واﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ‪ ‬زﻳﺎدة ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮة‪ ،‬وﺗﻄﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وإﻋﻄﺎءﻫﺎ ﻣﻠﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻼ‪ ‬وراﺋﻌﺎً‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻋﻠ‪ ‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪ ‬اﻋﺘﺒﺎره ﻣ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧﺎً أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎً ﻓ‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﺎزﻟﻴﻦ؛ ﻟﺪوره ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠ‪ ‬ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮة‪ ،‬وﻓ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺎت وﻏﺴﻮﻻت اﻟﺘﺮﻃﻴﺐ‪ ،‬وﻓ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ أﺣﻤﺮ اﻟﺸﻔﺎه‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﺎﻣﺒﻮ‬
‫وﻣﻨﻌ‪‬ﻢ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬وﻓ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[7][6‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻓ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﻴﺒ‪‬ﺲ ﺑﻬﺪف إﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة درﺟﺔ ﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪‬‬
‫اﺳــﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﺑﻬــﺪف إﺿﺎﻓــﺔ اﻟﻠﻤﻌــﺎن ﻟﻠﻄﻌــﺎم‪ ،‬وﻛﻐﻼف ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳــﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠــﺎت اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑــﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻌﻔﻦ‪ ،‬واﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻷﻃﻮل ﻣﺪّة ﻣﻤ‪‬ﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺠﺒﻨﺔ واﻟﻔﻮاﻛﻪ‪ ،‬و ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻮن أﺳﺎﺳ‪‬‬
‫ﻓ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻠ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﺎف إﻟ‪ ‬اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻮﻻﺗﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻹﻋﻄﺎءﻫﺎ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﻻﻣﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﻔﺎﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[8‬‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻓ‪ ‬ﻋﻼج اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬آﻻم اﻟﻈﻬﺮ واﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮي‪ ،‬واﻻﺟﻬﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﻠﺼﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎت اﻷوﺗﺎر‪ ،‬واﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻠﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬وﺗﻴﺒ‪‬ﺲ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬وﻣﺘﻼزﻣﺔ اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﻌﻀﻠ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‪ ،‬وﻣﺮض‬
‫اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻴﺪ‪ ،‬وإﺻﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﻼﻋﺐ‪ ،‬واﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺠﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺼﺪﻓﻴ‪‬ﺔ واﻷﻛﺰﻳﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺷﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻛﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓ‪ ‬ﻋﻼج اﻹﻋﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ واﻟﺸﻠﻞ اﻟﻨﺼﻔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺘﻪ ﻓ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وزﻳﺎدة ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺪم ﻓ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[7‬‬

‫اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻓ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﺳﻤﺪة ﻛﻤﺎدة ﻣﻀﺎد‪‬ة ﻟﻠﺘ‪‬ﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗُﺴﻬِﻢ ﻓ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ وﻧﻘﻞ وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺴﻤﺎد‪.‬‬

‫]‪[9‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻓ‪ ‬اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‪،‬‬
‫وﺻــﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﺣﺬﻳــﺔ‪ ،‬وﺻــﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﺛــﺎث‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﺒﺌــﺔ اﻟﺴــﺠﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬وأﻋــﻮاد اﻟﺜﻘــﺎب‪ ،‬واﻷﻧﺴــﺠﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻄــﺎط‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺘﻔﺠ‪‬ﺮات‪ ،‬وﻣﺎدة اﻟﻔﻠّﻴﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟ‪‬ﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻹﻟ‪‬ﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[8][9‬‬
 ‫اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺆدي اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق اﻟﺪﺧﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻨﻪ‬‫ﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ واﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ‬‫ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴ‬‫ وﺣﺪوث ﺗﻬﻴﺞ ﻓ‬،‫ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺜﻴﺎن‬‫إﻟ‬
‫ي‬‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﺆد‬،‫ إﺣﺪاث ﺣﺮوق ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬‫ي ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺔ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺬاب إﻟ‬‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆد‬،‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺰﻣﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺐ اﻷدﺧﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺒ‬،‫ إﺣﺪاث ﺟﺮوح وﺣﺮوق داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬‫ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺬاب إﻟ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ إﻣ‬‫ي اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ أدﺧﻨﺔ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ إﻟ‬‫ وﻗﺪ ﻳﺆد‬،‫ﺞ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬‫ ﺗﻬﻴ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ إﻟ‬
‫ﻒ‬‫ واﻹﺻﺎﺑـﺔ ﺑـﺎﻟﺘﻠﻴ‬،‫ اﻟﺤـﻮﻳﺼﻼت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴـﺔ‬‫ وﺣـﺪوث اﻟﺘﻬـﺎب ﻓـ‬،‫ وإﻧﺘـﺎج اﻟﺒﻠﻐـﻢ‬،‫ وﺿﻴـﻖ اﻟﺘﻨﻔـﺲ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴـﻌﺎل‬
‫ﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬‫ ﻳ‬.(Lipoidic Pneumonia :‫ واﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺮﺋﻮي اﻟﻠّﺒﻴﺪي )ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺮﺋﻮي اﻟﺨﻼﻟ‬

.‫ ﻋﺪم اﺑﺘﻼﻋﻪ‬‫ﻣﺎدة ﺧﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ؛ إﻻ أﻧّﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺮص ﻋﻠ‬

[10]

‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬
M. Freund, R. Csikos, S. Keszthelyi & others (1982), Paraffin Products, ↑ .1
.New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing, Page 11. Edited
National Candle Association Staff, “HISTORY OF CANDLES”، National ↑ .2
.Candle Association , Retrieved 2017-3-4. Edited
Albin Warth (1956), The CHEMISTRY and TECHNOLOGY of WAXES, ↑ .3
New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, Page 391, 395, 397, 398.
Retrieved 2017-3-4. Edited
James Speight (2015), Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis, New ↑ .4
.Jersy: John Wiley & Sons, Page 257. Retrieved 2017-3-4 Edited
savvy homemade Staff, “Types Of Candle Making Wax And Candle ↑ .5
.Making Supplies”، savvy homemade, Retrieved 2017-3-2. Edited
Kea Jones (2014-11-13), “Uses of Paraffin Wax in Cosmetics”، Internet ↑ .6
.Bilboards , Retrieved 2017-3-2. Edited

‫ اﻃّﻠﻊ‬،‫ﻤﻴﻠ‬‫ ﻟﻠﻄﺐ اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺘ‬‫ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘ‬‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻌﻼج اﻷﻛﺎدﻳﻤ‬،”‫“اﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬ ‫أ ب‬
^ .7
.‫ف‬‫ ﺑﺘﺼﺮ‬.2-3-2017 ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬
wiseGeek Staff, “What Are the Different Uses of Paraffin Wax?”، ‫ ^ أ ب‬.8
.wiseGeek, Retrieved 2017-3-2. Edited

.CEPSA Staff, “Uses of paraffin”، CEPSA, Retrieved 2017-3-5. Edited ‫ ^ أ ب‬.9

Edouard Bastarache, “Paraffin Toxicology”، Digital Fire, Retrieved ↑ .10
.2017-3-2. Edited
 ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ “‪/http://baytdz.com‬ﻣﺎ‐ﻫﻮ‐ﺷﻤﻊ‐اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‪“id=649295?/‬‬
‫–<–<‬

‫‪##‬اﻟﺒﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‪# ,‬ﺷﻤﻊ‪# ,‬ﻣﺎ‪# ,‬ﻫﻮ‬

‫‪#‬ﻋﻠﻮم‬