ANSIc325-19w

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Reaffirmed i995

for Reference Ballasts-

High-Intensity-Discharge
and Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps

-
1 l i m n
American National Standards Institute
1 i West 42nà Street
New York, New York
10036
0724150
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0724150 0668670 383

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ANSI @
C82.5-1990
Revision of
ANSI C82.5-1983

American National Standard

for Reference Baiiasts-

High-lntensity-Discharge
and Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps

secretariat
National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Approved August 21,1990

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

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Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI
Ame ricahnthat the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for
National approval have been met by the standards developer.
Standard Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of
Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and
materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more
than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires
that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be
made toward their resolution.
The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their
existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has ap-
proved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or
using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and
will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National
Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an
interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the Ameri-
can National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be
addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title
page of this standard.
CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or
withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards
Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or
withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may
receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the Ameri-
can National Standards Institute.

Published by

American National Standards Institute

1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018

Copyright O 1991 by American National Standards Institute

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in. any

form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without prior written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

APS5C491121

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Contents
Page
Foreword ...............................................................................................................
...
1 Scope ........................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ................................................................................ 1
3 Definitions ................................................................................................... 1
4 Types of reference ballasts ...................................................................... 2
5 Ballast marking........................................................................................... 2
6 Design characteristics ............................................................................... 2
7 Operating characteristics .......................................................................... 3
8 Methods of measurement and calibration .............................................. 4
Tables
1 Power factor of the reference ballast when ballast is carrying
reference current ............................................................................................... 3
Figures
1 Circuit for impedance measurement....................................................... 6
2 Circuit for power-factor measurement .................................................... 6
Annexes
A Characteristics of reference ballast and calculated data for
reference ballast calibration ............................................................................ 7
6 Inclusion of instrument current coil impedances in the
impedance of the reference ballast .............................................................. 10
C Measurement and adjustment of the impedance and power-factor
characteristics of a reference ballast - Guide for the use of
preferred method............................................................................................. 14
D Measurement and adjustment of the impedance and power-factor
characteristics of a reference ballast Description of and -
guide for an alternate method ....................................................................... 15
E Bibliography .............................................................................................. 18

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Page
Tables
A l Reference ballast characteristics for calibration ..................................8
Figures
B1 Circuit for impedance measurement..................................................... 11
8 2 Circuit for power-factor measurement - Preferred method ..............11
83 Circuit for power-f actor measurement - Alternate method
(Normal-power-factor wattmeter and ammeter included in
reference ballast impedance)........................................................................12
84 Circuit for power-factor measurement Alternate method -
(Normal-power-factor wattmeter included in reference
ballast impedance) .......................................................................................... 12
85 Circuit for power-factor measurement Alternate method -
(Ammeter included in reference ballast impedance) ................................. 13
D1 Circuit for impedance and power-factor measurement........... 16

ii

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Foreword (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard C82.5-1990.)

In order to obtain satisfactory performance of high-intensity-discharge

lamps and their associated ballasts, certain features of their designs must
be properly coordinated. Specifications for the operation of either the lamps
or the ballasts must naturally be written in terms of measurements made
against some common reference.
Because of the inherent instability of gaseous discharge lamps, experience
has shown them to be unsuited as a reference. A ballast, however, can be
specially designed to provide a reasonably permanent and reproducible
reference for measurements. Such ballasts are designated as “reference
ballasts.” This standard describes those ballast characteristics needed to
ensure permanence and reproducibility.
American National Standards are constantly being reviewed and brought up
to date. This standard is a revision of American National Standard Speci-
fications for high-intensity-discharge lamp reference ballasts, ANSI C82.5-
1983.
There are five annexes in this standard. They are informative and are not
considered part of this standard.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should
be sent to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 21O 1 L Street
NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by
American National Standards Committee on Lamp Ballasts, C82. Commit-
tee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee
members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the
C82 Committee had the following members:

Anton Franke, Chairman

Wing K. Luk, Secretary
Oqanization Represented Name of Representative
Advance Transformer Company ........................................................... A. E. Feinberg
Duro-Test Corporation........................................................................... Joel Shurgan
Excel Electronics System ...................................................................... David Cooper
ETL Testing Laboratories, Inc. .............................................................. A. Ross Naysmith
Steven Pasternak (Alt.)
General Electric Company .................................................................... 1.A. Pickett
General Services Administration .......................................................... Georgia Apostolou
GTE Sylvania Inc, Lamp Division ......................................................... R. P. Bonazoli
National Electrical Manufacturers Association ..................................... J. P. Halloway
R. D. Munson
B. Gershen (Alt.)
North American Philips Lighting Corporation ....................................... A. C.Rousseau
OSRAM Sales Corporation ................................................................... R. D. Liddle
. .
Ronald Campbell IA1t.i
Jack Hoffman (Alt)
Telephone Group ................................................................................... W. R. Beckley
Undstwriters Laboratories, Inc. ............................................................. W. O. Marquardt
Universal Manufacturing Corporation ................................................... Michael A. Stein
Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Lamp Division............................. A. P. Arnone
W. T.Ryan

iii

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Subcommittee C82-2 on High-lntensity-Discharge Lamp Ballasts, which
developed this standard, had the following members:
Ted Yahrauc, Chairman William Alexander John Marshall
Vicki Schofield, Secretary Warren Anderson Michael M. Minarczyk
William Bacon, Jr. Kin! Mody
Peter Bleasby Robert Munson
Robert P. Bonazoii J. A. Nudcolls
Sam Carleton M. Owens
Fred Carpenter Honesto D. Quique
Sheppard Cohen Marion Ra&
Anthony DiNiro Larry Sheinberg
Chacko T. Dommen Kenneth W. Simms
Joe Droho William Simpson
Fritz Freidenstein Herbert Strauss
Norman Gnmshaw Juris Sulcs
Thomas J. Harding M. T. Tanner
William Hitchcock Adrian Weissman
George Johnson c. Williams
Robert Kulka Ted Yahraus
William Maguire

The development of this standard is dedicated to the memory of Mr.

Sheppard Cohen of GTE Products Corporation, former chairman of the C82
Committee.

iv

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
American National Standard
for Reference Ballasts-
High-lntensity-Dischargeand
Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps
1 Scope
This standard describes the essential features
and operating characteristics of reference
ballasts for high-intensity-discharge and low-
pressure sodium lamps to operate on 60-Hz
sinusoidal ballast systems. The items speci-
fied are those that have been found necessary
to ensure accurate and reproducible results
when either lamps or ballasts are being tested.
The specific values of rated input voltage and
impedance needed for each site of lamp are
listed in the appropriate American National
Standards for high-intensity-dischargeand low-
pressure sodium lamps, ANSI C78.1300 series,
ANSI C78.40-1985, Specifications for mercury
lamps, or ANSI C78.41-1981, Specifications for
low-pressure sodium lamps. For convenience,
a list of reference ballast impedances and
rated input voltages that were in effect at the
time this standard was approved is included in
annex A.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions
which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this American National Standard.
At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All standards are subject to revi-
sion, and parties to agreements based on this
American National Standard are encouraged
to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated
below.
ANSI C78.25-1983, Electric lamps - Methods
of measuring lamp-base temperature rise
0724150 0668677 738
ANSI -2.5-1990
ANSI C78.40-1985, Specifications for mercury
lamps
ANSI C78.41-1987, Specifications for low-
pressure sodium lamps
ANSI C78.1300 Series, High-pressure sodium
lamps
ANSI MC96.1-1982, Temperature measure-
ment thermocouples
ANSI/UL 496-1986, Safetystandard for Edison-
base lampholders
ANSVISA S82.01-1988, Safety standard for
electrical and electronic test, measuring, con-
-
trolling, and related equipment General re-
quirements
ANSIASA S82.02-1988, Safety standard for
electrical and electronic test, measuring, con-
trolling, and related equipment, part I - Eiec-
trical and electrical test and measuring equip-
ment
ANSIASA S82.03-1988, Safety standard for
electrical and electronic test, measuring, con-
-
trolling, and related equipment, part 2 Eiec-
trical and electronic process measurement and
control equipment
3 Definltlons
Definitions of terms that apply specifically to
the subject treated in this standard are given in
ANSI C82.9. For definitions of other less di-
rectly related terms, see the appropriate sec-
tions of ANSVIEEE 100.
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4 Types of reference ballasts
There are two types of reference ballasts. The
fixed-impedancetype is adjusted and calibrated
at the time of manufacture and is permanently
set at a particular value of impedance. It can
be used only for the one type of lamp for which
it was calibrated. The variable-impedance
type of reference ballast consists of an ad-
justable reactor, usually of the moving core
type, and a separate variable resistor con-
nected in series.
5 Ballast Marking
5.1 Marking
A reference ballast shall be provided with a
durable nameplate securely attached to a per-
manent portion of the ballast structure. The
information shown in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 shall be
legibly etched or stamped on it.
5.1.1 Fixed-impedance type
Information on the nameplate shall include the
following:
- Lamp type, watts, and current
- Supply voltage and frequency
- Impedance
- Manufacturer's catalog or model number
- Manufacturer's serial number
- Manufacturer's name
5.1.2 Variable-impedance type
Information on the nameplate shall include the
following:
- Impedance range at the ratedfrequency@)
- Maximum voltage per coil and maximum
voltage across reactor
- Maximum current per coil
- Manufacturer's catalog or model number
- Manufacturer's serial number
- Manufacturer's name
- Frequency (s)
- Connection diagram
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5.2 Magnetic shielding
Ifa reference ballast is magnetically-shielded,
this information shall be indicated on the
nameplate described in 5. i.
6 Design characteristics
6.1 General design
A reference ballast is an inductive reactor,with
or without an additional series resistor, de-
signed to give the operating characteristics
listed in clause 7.
6.2 Permanence of impedance
6.2.1 Fixed-impedance-type ballasts
Since the fixed-impedance type of reference
ballast is intended to serve as a permanent
baseline of reference, it is vitally important that
the ballast be so constructed as to provide
permanence of impedance under normal con-
ditions of use and abuse.
A recheck of the impedance of the ballast shall
give values repeatable to within 0.1% of those
previously determined.
6.2.2 Variable-Impedance type ballasts
The variable-impedance type of reference bal-
last, when adjusted to any given value of im-
pedance shall be capable of holding that ad-
justment through normal periods of use. For
this purpose, suitable means shall be provided
for mechanically locking the movable core (or
other movable parts) in any desired position.
6.3 Enclosure
A reference ballast shall be enclosed in a case
for mechanical protection and protection
against electricalshock. The protection against
electrical shock shall be in accordance with
ANSVISA S82.01, S82.02 and S82.03. In the
case of the variable-impedancetype of ballast,
the series resistor need not be in the same
enclosure with the reactor.
6.4 Magnetic shielding
A reference ballast, to be considered mag-
netically-shielded, shall be so designed and
constructed that its impedance at reference
current shall not be changed by more than
0.2% when a 1/2-inch-thick plate of magnetic
steel is placed within 1 inch of any face of the
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Laamp type Wattage
High-p wessure sodium All
Metal-Malide All
Mercumy All
Low-pr.-essure sodium Less than 18 watts
Low-prr-essure sodium 18 watts and above
ballast enaclosure. The steel plate shall have
dimensions at least 2 inches greater than the
maximum dimension of the ballast enclosure
and shall I be placed in geometric symmetry to
each surface as tested. In the event that a
reference I ballast is not magnetically-shielded,
precautioms shall be taken to keep magnetic
objects f a m enough from the leakage field that
the impedance of the ballast will not be altered
by more ttman 0.2% mentioned above.
6.5 inclussion of instrument current coil
impedancoe
When a v a i riable-impedance type of reference
ballast is beeing used, a choice may be made as
-
to whether the impedance of the instrument
current coil I s (the ammeter and wattmeter) will
or will not bo e included as part of the impedance
of the refereence ballast. Either choice is satis-
factory, but the other aspects of the calibrating
procedure i and also subsequent use of the
ballast shal.11 be compatible with the particular
procedure tbeing followed. For the sake of
simplicity, tihe procedures described in this
standard a r e those applicable when the imped-
ance of the e current coils is not included in the
impedance oof the reference ballast. Annex 6,
however, cmvers the changes in procedures
and c i r c u i t y that would be required if the cur-
rent coils w a r e included.
7 Operat 3ng characteristics
7.1 Generad
The specifications in this section apply to mea-
surements m a d e at the rated frequency of the
reference b a l Ilast and with the ballast parts and
windings comditioned at an ambient tempera-
ture of 25OC :i 5°C. Annex A summarizes the
0724150 0668679 500
ANSI C82.5-1990
Power factor f 0.005
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.075
0.060
reference ballast characteristics specified by
the ANSI C78 series.
7.2 Rated input voltage
The rated input voltage of a reference ballast
shall be in accordancewith the value specified
in the applicable standards from ANSI C78.40,
ANSI C78.41, or ANSI C78.1300 series.
7.3 impedance
The impedance of a reference ballast shall be
withinf0.5% of the value specified in the appli-
cable standard from ANSI C78.40, ANSI
C78.41 , or ANSI C78.1300 series.
7.4 Linearity
For any value of the current from 50% to 115%
of the reference current, the impedance of the
reference ballast shall be within f4.0% of the
value specified in the applicable standard from
ANSI C78.40, ANSI C78.41, or ANSI C78.1300
series.
7.5 Ballast power factor
The power factor of the reference ballast (ratio
of ballast wattage loss to ballast volt-amperes)
when the ballast is carrying reference current
shall be as specified in table 1. The wattage
loss will include losses due to lead resistance.
In case of conflict between table 1 and ANSI
C78.40, ANSI C78.41 , or ANSI C78.1300 se-
ries, the value in the appropriate lamp standard
shall be used.
7.6 Temperature rise
When the reference ballast is operated as
specified in 7.1 at reference current, the tem-
perature rise of the winding at steady-state
operating conditions when measured by the
change-of-resistance method shall not exceed
25°C.
3
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ANSI C82.5-1990
8 Methods of measurement and cali-
bration
8.1 General
Ballasts of the fixed-impedance type shall be
adjusted and calibrated at the time of manu-
facture. Their calibration should also be
rechecked periodically during use to ensure
compliance with the requirements of 7.3 and
7.5.
8.2 Circuit reslstance
The circuit used for the calibration of a refer-
ence ballast shall have leads that are as short
and direct as possible, and the wire size shall
be adequate to carry the current required by
the ballast. The impedance and power factor
as measured shall include the reactor plus
circuit resistance. The circuit resistance used
in reference ballast and lamp measurements
shall include the adjustable resistor and all
lead resistance. The instrument coils may be
included, if desired (see 6.5).
When a reference ballast is used while mea-
suring the percent wattage adjustment of high-
intensity-discharge or low-pressure sodium
lamp ballasts, the impedance of the wiring
between the lamp and the reference ballast
(including the associated instruments and
power factor adjusting resistor) should not ex-
ceed a value causing a voltage drop of 1.50%
of the nominal lamp voltage.
8.3 Clrcuit groundlng
It should be noted that in all of the wiring
diagrams given in this standard, the portion of
the circuit containing instrument current coils
has been identified as the grounded conductor.
This wiring arrangement is a recommended
safety precaution since many of the portable
instruments have current coil terminals that
are not insulated and could constitute a shock
hazard if not kept at ground potential. In
situations where neither of the two supply con-
ductors is at ground potential, or where the
system ground is located at an excessive dis-
tance from the test location, an isolating
transformer shall be interposed between the
power source and the measurement circuit,
and the side of the test circuit containing the
instrument current coils shall be connected to
a reliable ground point in the vicinity. Alter-
natively, other arrangements such as insulation
07241500668680222
of exposed terminals may be made to minimisze
shock hazards. Further, where the groundirng
of one input terminal is necessaryfor its prop**er
and safe operation, the use of an isolatimg
transformer may be required. If an isolatimg
transformer is employed, the test c i r c u i t
“grounded conductor” may be grounded adilja-
cent to the appropriate instrument.
8.4 Power supply
The a.c. supply voltage used for the adjustment
of reference ballasts shall be such that the r m s
summation of the harmonic components s h a l l
not exceed 3% of the fundamental compone mt.
The impedance of the power supply from t l h e
point where the ballast-lamp combinationI is
connected shall not exceed 2% of the balkast
impedance. Care should be taken in the Cho aice
of variable autotransformers or voltage trai ns-
formation devices that each has a sufficirient
rating to ensure compliance with the abaove
requirement.
8.5 Instruments
A discussion of the impedance limitations sand
the necessary accuracy of electrical ins-itru-
ments is contained inthe clause on instrunmen-
tation in ANSI C82.6. A discussion of the
generalcharacteristics of electrical instrumants
and their suitability for this type of work is salso
given in ANSI C82.6.
Accurate and up-to-date scale calibratPions
should be available for all instruments us-d in
reference-ballast measurements.
8.6 Impedance measurements
The instruments should be connected as simown
in figure 1. The voltmeter should not draaw a
current greater than 3% of reference cura rent.
For the circuit shown, no correction f om the
presence of the voltmeter current is n e c e s -
sary, since the voltmeter current will not only
be small but will also have a phase differ*-ence
of about 85 degrees with respect to the rrefer-
ence ballast current.
The impressed test voltage (see anntsx A)
should be equal to the product of the refemence
current times the reference ballast impedôánce,
as specified in the applicable lamp stan idard.
Annex A summarizes the reference baallast
characteristics specified in ANSI C78.40, ANSI
C78.41, or ANSI C78.1300 series.
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8.7 Power factor measurements
8.7.1 Preferred method
8.7.1.1 For this method, the wattmeter used
shall be of the low-power-factor-type, in which
the power factor at full-scale deflection is not
greater than 20%. The instrument connections
should be as shown in figure 2. The potential
coil of the wattmeter may be connected in
either of two ways. Ifconnected at point Y, the
instrument reading will include the power in
the current coils as well as the power in the
load. If connected at point Z, the instrument
reading will include the power in the potential
coil. In either case, the power in one of the
instrument coils will have to be calculated and
then subtracted from the instrument readings.
The connection chosen should be the one that
will result in the smaller subtraction.
8.7.1.2 In order to avoid complicating the
process of making correctionsfor the presence
of instruments in the circuit, the voltmeter
should not be in the circuit when a wattage
reading is being taken. No correction need be
made for the voltmeter (for reasons given in
8.6). The correction for the wattmeters is
determined in the manner described in 8.7.1.1.
8.7.1.3 The ballast power factor is calcu-
lated as the ratio of the wattage loss (at ref-
erence current) to the product of the rms cur-
rent and rms voltage. A measurement of voltage
is obtained as part of the impedance measure-
ment covered in 8.6.
8.7.1.4 An example illustrating the proce-
dures of 8.7.1 .Ithrough 8.7.1.3 in the calibra-
tion of a reference ballast is shown in annex C.
0724150 0668681 169
ANSI C82.5-1990
8.7.2 Alternate method
If a high-quality wattmeter with a low-power-
factor is not available, it is possible to calcu-
late the power consumed by the reference
ballast by utilizing the wattmeter that is normally
used to measure the lamp power. Knowing the
power consumed enables the power factor to
be calculated as well. The procedure for deter-
mining the powerfactor by this method is shown
in annex D.
The use of electronic instruments with high-
input impedance may alleviate the necessity to
provide compensationfor instrument presence.
8.8. Linearity
With the ballast connected in the same circuit
as the one previously used for the impedance
measurements (see figure l ) , the impressed
voltage should be varied as necessary to ob-
tain values of current and voltage over the
range specified in 7.4. Readings of current
and voltage should be taken at various points,
and a curve plotted to show the variations of
impedance over the specified range of current,
or alternatively, a first-order regression analy-
sis may be used to establish variation from the
best straight-line fit.
if it is known from previous measurements that
the adjustable reactor being used has an im-
pedance characteristic meeting the linearity
requirements specified in 7.4, this additional
check does not need to be made on subse-
quent adjustments of the reactor at this current
level.
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conductor

Figure 1 - Circuit for impedance measurement

NOTES
1 Adjustable resistor shall include all lead resistance used i n reference ballast and lamp measurements.
2 Current terminals of instruments are shown as O . Potential terminals of instruments are shown as 0 .
Figure 2 - Circuit for power-factor measurement
6

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Annex A
(informative)
Characteristics of reference ballast and calculated data for reference ballast calibration

Reference ballast characteristics apply at frequencies of 50/60 Hz and an ambient temperature of

25°C.
Table A l shows values for required impressed voltages to set the reference ballast impedance,
and the required range for reference ballast wattage loss to provide the specified power factor.

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ANSI C82.5-1990

Annex B
(informative)

Inclusion of instrument current coil impedances In the Impedance

of the reference ballast
8.1 General

As pointed out in 6.5 of this standard, it is quite possible to include the impedance of either the
-
ammeter or the wattmeter current coil or both - as part of the calibrated impedance of the
reference ballast. This modified procedure is perfectly satisfactory if properly used, and it has the
advantage that when lamp measurements are being taken, the process of compensating for the
presence of instruments is considerably simplified. The modified procedure does, however, make
it imperative that any instrument current coils included in the original calibration must then be left
in the circuit at all times during subsequent use of the reference ballast to operate lamps.
The variations in procedure shown in clauses 82 and 63 would be required in calibrating a
reference ballast with the impedance of the current coils included as part of the ballast impedance.

8.2 Impedance measurements

The circuit connections would be as shown in figure BI. This circuit shows both the ammeter and
the normal-power-factorwattmeter current coil includedwith reference ballast impedance. If only
the wattmeter is to be included, then the ammeter would be connected on the input side of the
voltmeter. If only the ammeter is to be included, the wattmeter would simply be removed from the
circuit. In any case, no correction for the presence of the voltmeter is needed.

8.3 Power-factor measurements

8.3.1 Preferred method
The circuit connections would be as shown in figure 62. This shows only the impedance of the
ammeter included. There would be no reason to include the current coil of a low-power-factor
wattmeter since this type of instrument would not be suitable for use in lamp circuits. It would,
however, be possible to include the current coil of the normal-power-factor wattmeter that would
be used for the lamp measurements. If this were done, the current coil would be connected into
the circuit at point W with its potential coil disconnected (still leaving the low-power-factor
instrument connected as shown).
No correctionwould be needed for the voltmeter, and the correction for the wattmeter would be the
same as described in 8.7.1.
8.3.2 Alternate method
The circuit connections would be as shown in figure B3, 84, or 85. The circuit shown in figure B3
should be used when the current coils of the normal-power-factor wattmeter and ammeter are
included in the reference ballast impedance. Figure 84 should be used if only the wattmeter
current coil is included, and figure 85 should be used if only the ammeter is included.

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AC supply
voltage

NOTE
as O .
- Current terminals of instruments are shown as O . Potential terminals of instruments are shown
Figure B1 - Circuit for impedance measurement

ballast

AC Süpply
voltage
1 xLllb1 .
Adjustable
reactor

W
Low power-factor
wattmeter
NOTE
as O .
- Current terminals of instruments are shown as O . Potential terminals of instruments are shown
Figure 8 2 - Circuit for power-factor measurement - Preferred method
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ANSI C82.5-1990

NOTE
as O .
- Current terminals of instruments are shown as O . Potential terminals of instruments are shown
- -
Figure B3 Circuit for power-factor measurement Alternate method (Normai-power-
factor wattmeter and ammeter included in reference ballast impedance)

NOTE - Current terminals of instruments are shown as O . Potential terminals of instruments are shown
as O .

Figure 84 - Circuit for power-factor measurement - Alternate method (Normal-power-

factor wattmeter Included In reference ballast impedance)

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NOTE - Current terminals of instruments are shown as . Potential terminals of instruments are shown
as O .
O

Figure B5 - Circuit for power-factor measurement - Alternate method (Ammeter Included

in reference ballast Impedance)

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Annex C
(informative)
Measurement and adjustment of the impedance and power-factor characteristlcs of a
-
reference ballast Guide for the use of the preferred method

Although the specifications to which a reference ballast must conform are fully stated in this
standard, it may also be helpful to outline in more detailed fashion the calculations and measure-
ments that would be needed to set up a reference ballast in compliance with these specifications.
In the following example, it should be noted that:
- The "preferred method" of measuring power factor, as covered in 8.7.1 of this standard, will
be followed.
-The instrument current coils will not be included in the refetence-ballast impedance. It will be
assumed that the reference ballast is to consist of an adjustable reactor and a variable resistor
connected in series.
The required values of impedance and power factor, and the corresponding reference current at
which these are to be measured, should be obtained from the applicable standards from the ANSI
C78.40, ANSI C78.41 or ANSI C78.1300 series. In the following example, the values used are
those shown in ANSI C78.40 for lhe 400-watt H33 lamp operated in the vertical position. These
values are:
Impedance: 44.8 ohms
Power factor: 0.075 I 0.005
Reference current: 3.2 amperes
Example:
a) Step 1. Calculate the voltage (Vz) that is to be impressed on the test circuit.l)
vz= / R x ZR,
Vz= 3.2 x 44.8 = 143.4 Volts
b) Step 2. With R at a moderate value, X, at its maximum value, and an impressed voltage of
143.3 volts, reduce X, until the lamp reference current (3.2amperes) is obtained.
c) Step 3. Calculate the required wattage loss1) f o i power factors of 0.07 and 0.08.
w = vzx /*xpf
Wo, = 143.3 x 3.2 x 0.07 = 32.1 watts
Wo, = 143.4 x 3.2 x 0.08 = 36.7 watts
d) Step 4. For the purpose of this example, it will be assumed that the instrument connections
are such that the power consumed in the wattmeter potential coil is being read by the meter
(connection Z as shown in figure 82). It will also be assumed that the power consumed by the
potential coil is 1 watt. This must then be added to each of the values calculated in step 3. It
will further be assumed that the voltmeter will be removed from the circuit each time the
wattmeter is being read: hence, it will not be necessary to make any correction for the power
consumed by the voltmeter.

'1 Results of these calculations are also shown in annex A.

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e) Step 5. With the applied voltage remaining at 143.3volts, read the wattmeter. If the deflection
is less than 33.1 watts (32.1 + 1 .O), ß should be increased to bring it into the range of 33.1 to
37.7 watts. Ifthe wattmeter reading is in excess of 37.7watts (36.7+ 1 .O), R should be reduced
until the wattmeter deflection is within the calculated range.
f) Step 6. Readjust X, as in step 2 to provide a current of 3.2 amperes with 143.3volts applied.
g) Step 7. Recheck the wattmeter reading. If the deflection is betweenthe previously mentioned
33.1 and 37.7watts, no further adjustment of Ris required. Ifnecessary, however, repeat steps
2 and 5 alternately until neither X, nor R requires further adjustment.

Annex D
(informative)

Measurement and adjustment of the impedance and power-factor characteristics of a

-
reference ballast Description of and guide for an alternate method

D.l General
The alternate procedure mentioned in 8.7.2 of this standard and described in this annex is
recommendedonly if a high-quality, low-power-factorwattmeter of suitable range is not available.
The method described herein utilizes the same normal-power-factorwattmeter used to measure
lamp power in the reference ballast circuit. This wattmeter is used to measure the "input" and
"output" power when the reference ballast is connected either to an operating lamp or to a dummy
load resistor ( R,) having an equivalent impedance.
Since in this method the power consumed by the reference ballast is determined as a small
difference between two much larger quantities (input and output power readings), it is not as
accurate as the "preferred method" given in 8.7.1 and for which an example is shown in annex C.

D.2 Measurement methods

The circuit connections needed are as shown in figure D1. With the instruments connected as
shown, the impedance of the ammeter and wattmeter current coil will be excluded from the
reference ballast impedance. If either or both of the above instrument coils is to be included in
the ballast impedance, the circuit should be modified as indicated in annex B and the appropriate
correction applied to the instrument readings. In addition to the usual instrument switches, two
other switches are required. Switch SW,, shorts out the dummy load resistor or lamp during the
adjustment of the impedance of the reference ballast. Switch SW, transfers the wattmeter potential
coil from the input of the output circuit.

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Reference
------1
ballast p
"-l R

I \O

t
I --------- I I

AC supply
volt age

I Q input

t-J

NOTE - Current terminals of instruments are shown as O . Potential terminals of instruments are shown
as O .

Figure D1 - Circuit for impedance and power-factor measurement

The resistor shown as ß, may be either an operating lamp or a resistor adjusted to substitute for
the lamp. If the resistor is used, its value must be such that when the reference ballast is adjusted
to its proper impedance, the specified value of reference current will be obtained in the circuit.
If an operating lamp is used instead of a dummy load resistor, this may result in an increase in
the power consumed in the reference ballast, or errors in the power measurements due to the
nonsinusoidal wave shape of the lamp current, or both. Further, if successive adjustments are
required for X, and ß(steps 5 , 6 and 7 in the following example), employment of a lamp in position
RL will increase the time required to adjust the impedance and power factor, since it will be
necessary to allow the test lamp to stabilize after each adjustment of XL and R before meaningful
power measurement can be taken.
When the wattage readings are being taken, the line voltmeter and the ammeter may be left in the
circuit. No correction is needed for the line voltmeter, the ammeter, or the wattmeter current coil,
since these affect both the input and the output measurements to the same degree. The power
consumed by the wattmeter potential coil, however, must be calculated and subtracted from each
wattmeter reading, since it will not be the same for the two measurements.
The power consumed by the reference ballast is the difference between the input and output
wattage. The ballast power factor is the ratio of this wattage value to the product of the current
and voltage. A measurement of the voltage is obtained as part of the impedance measurement
covered in 8.6.

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The required values of impedance and power factor, and the corresponding reference current at
which these are to be measured, should be obtained from the applicable standards from the ANSI
C78.1300 series. In the following example, the values used are those shown in ANSI C78.40 for
the 400-watt H33 lamp operated in the vertical position. These values are:
Impedance: 44.8 ohms
Power factor: 0.075 k 0.005
Reference current: 3.2 amperes
Example:
a) Step 1. Calculate the voltage V
(), that is to be impressed on the test circuit.')
Vz 5 IR x A,
, = 3.2 x 44.8 = 143.4 volts
V
b) Step 2. Set X, at its maximum and ß at a moderate value. Place switch SW, in the closed
position and switch SW,in the open position. With a voltage of 143.4 volts applied to the circuit,
reduce X, until the lamp reference current (3.2 amperes) is obtained.
c) Step 3. Calculate the required wattage loss') for power factors of 0.07 and 0.08.
w = vrx /Rxpf
Wo, = 143.4 x 3.2 x 0.07 = 32.1 watts
Wo, = 143.4 x 3.2 x 0.08 = 36.7 watts
Inthis method, the power consumption of the wattmeter should not be added to the above values.
Instead, individual corrections, as indicated in step 5, should be applied to the readings of input
power and output power.
d) Step 4. Place switch SW, in the open position. This results in either an actual lamp circuit
or, ifa resistor is being used as the load, in a simulated lamp circuit. If the resistor type of circuit
is being used, set ßLto a value approximately equal to the reference lamp voltage divided by the
reference current. If a lamp is being used as the load, its operating voltage should be
approximately that of a reference lamp. The impressed voltage V(regard1ess of the type of load
used for ß,) should be approximately equal to the specified reference ballast input voltage (220
volts). This voltage should be adjusted until the proper reference current (3.2 amperes) is
obtained.
e) Step 5. With the current held at the reference current value, read the input power and the
output power. Note that the correction for the power consumed by the wattmeter potential coil
must be calculated for each of the two conditions since different potentials are involved. To
determine the correction (p/R) for the output measurement, it is necessary to measure the
voltage impressed on the wattmeter potential coil when switch SW, is in the "output" position.
The instrument used to determine this potential should not be in the circuit during the readings
of output power. Each P l R correction should be subtracted from the appropriate wattmeter
reading. If the "corrected input" minus the "corrected output" power is within the range
calculated in step 2, no further adjustment is required. If the power consumed is less than the
calculated value, R should be increased. Conversely, if the power consumed is greater than the
calculated value, i? should be decreased.
f) Step 6. Readjust X, as in step 2 to provide a current of 3.2 amperes with 143.4 volts applied.
g) Step 7. Recheck the wattage readings as in step 5. If the difference between input power and
output power is within the previously calculated range (step 3), no further adjustment is required
for ß. If necessary, however, repeat steps 2 and 5 until neither X, nor ß requires further ad-
justment.
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Annex E
(informative)
Bibliography

ANSI C82.6-1985, Methods of measurement of high-intensity-discharge lamp ballasts

ANSI C82.9-1988, High-intensity-discharge and low-pressure sodium lamps, ballasts, and trans-
-
formers Definitions
ANSVIEEE 100-1977, Dictionary of electrical and electronic terms

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