Exhaust Gas Analysis of CI Engine With Co-Generati

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Exhaust Gas Analysis of CI engine with Co-generation
Article · December 2015
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International Journal on Recent Technologies in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (IJRMEE) ISSN: 2349-7947
Volume: 2 Issue: 12 22 – 30
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Exhaust Gas Analysis of CI engine with Co-generation
1. Janak Suthar, 2. Himanshu Tetarwal, 3. Chetan Thakur, 4. Amit Patil

Assistant Professor at SCOE kharghar, 2.Production Engg. at hawa pvt.ltd.,3,4. Assistant Professor at SCOE kharghar
Abstract:- Exhaust system plays most effective role on the environment as it is that portion of an automobile through which exhaust gases get
out from the combustion chamber to pollute the air by their harmful gases. The exhaust system components like catalytic converter, muffler,
resonator and co-generation make it possible to let out the least possible harmful gases from the engine exhaust manifold. The performance of
the emission control system particularly by the Analysis of exhaust gases with co-generation by help of Heat exchanger are the main concern of
this paper. To make a comparison of the exhaust gas emission providing with cogeneration and single generation, and exhaust gas analyzer was
used to collect experimental data. All the experimental data and graphical representation concludes that the CO, CO 2, NOx in the exhaust gas
from CI engine has been reduced to a great extent with the help of cogeneration process. The experimental results obtained from the present
work shows that the idea of recovery of waste heat by using compact type heat exchanger is feasible. The experimental results show that the
design of the co-generation system is successful and more effective to utilize the resources efficiently.
Keywords - Exhaust system, exhaustGases, compact heat exchanger, Gas Analyser.
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Introduction but rather its value. So cogeneration technology emerges as

the most effective technique for achieving the goal of energy
Demand of energy is growing day by day in the world.
conservation and sustainability.So a experiment setup for
According to limited resources and continuous growing
completion.
demand there is great need to find out alternative sources
Experimental Setup and Procedure
and energy conservation technique which enhance the
An experimental setup was developed to utilize the waste
efficiency of the system and to reduced the primary energy
heat of engine exhaust for heating purpose.The schematic
consumption and pollution. The huge amount of flue gases
layout of the experimental setup for the present investigation
are generated from Engines, Boilers, Ovens and Furnaces
is shown in Figure 1.1. It consists of a test-bed, having a
etc and goes as a waste if it is not utilized properly. If some
diesel engine, rope brake dynamometer, heat exchanger for
of heat could be recovered then loss of primary fuel can be
heating the water, fuel tank, air box, operation panel having
saved. The recovery and utilization of waste heat not only
controls and displays for different thermocouples for
conserves the primary fuel (fossil fuel) but also reduces the
measurement of temperature, tachometer and flow meters.
huge amount of waste heat & greenhouse gases damped to
Fuel supply is measured using burette flow meter
environment. The essential quality of heat is not the amount
22
IJRMEE | december 2015, Available @ http://www.ijrmee.org
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Figure 1.1 Schematic diagram of Experimental Setup for Cogeneration System
A typical engine system widely used in the agricultural field SPECIFICATIONS OF THE ENGINE
has been selected for present experimental investigations. A Component of
S.No. Unit Description
stationery single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, direct Engine
Kirloskar Oil
injection diesel engine was procured for the experiments. Name of the Engine
1 -
engine
Rope brake dynamometer was used to measure the load or Model AV1
brake power. The Experiments were carried out in two
Vertical, four
stages. In first stage the Engine was not integrated with heat stroke cycle,
exchanger than the various parameters like Brake Thermal single acting,
2 Type of engine -
totally enclosed,
Efficiency, Specific fuel consumption, and Mass flow rate high speed, C.I.
of air etc. evaluated at that time. After in second stage the engine
heat exchanger or waste heat recovery system was
3 No. of cylinders - 1
integrated with the engine and at this condition various
Counter
parameters like BTE, BSFC, BSEC and various clockwise
Direction of
temperatures were evaluated. 4
rotation (When looking at
flywheel )
Specification of Engine IS Rating at
5 kW(bhp) 3.7 (5.0)
For this Experimental investigation Kirloskar made single 1500 rpm
6 Bore Mm 80
cylinder Water cooled diesel engine used. The complete 7 Stroke Mm 110
specification of engine is shown in Table. 8 Cubic Capacity Liters 0.553
Compression
9 - 16.5 : 1
Ratio
23
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(Attached with
1 number, Single
water flow
No. of Injection cylinder, flange
10 - meter)
Pumps and Type mounted without
camshaft Lubricating oil
23 lit. 3.3
sump capacity
Mechanical
11 Governor type - Lubricating oil 1.0% of sfc
centrifugal type 24 lit.
consumption maximum
Class of
12 - B1
governing Sfc at rated hp 245 g/kWh(180
25
Dry oil bath type per 1500rpm g/bhp/hr)
Filter type
paper element
6 hrs (When
Fuel refilling
Bypass filter with 26 engine running at
Air - time
13 paper element rated output)
Bypass filter with Degree

Fuel - 27 Injection timing crank 23 Degree BTDC
paper element
angle
Lubricating Oil - 28 Thermocouple - „J‟ Type
Recommended Diesel as per IS :
14 -
fuel specification 1460
Dynamometer and Loading arrangement
Fuel Oil Tank
15 Liters 6.5
Capacity Dynamometer (dyno for short), is a device for
HD- type 3 as per measuring force, moment of force (torque), or Brake power.
Lubricating Oil
16 -
specification
IS : 496–1982
Gear end /
17 Mode of Starting - Flywheel end
Hand start
Extension shaft
Apparatus Starting Handle
18 required for -
starting Decompression
arrangement
Weight of engine Kg 160
19 Engine alone kg 114
Flywheel kg 33
Maximum Figure 1.2 Rope Brake Dynamometer
20 permissible back Pa 2.5
pressure Specifications of rope brake dynamometer
Maximum
permissible
21 Pa 1
intake SPECIFICATIONS OF ROPE BRAKE
depression DYNAMOMETER
Method of
- Cooling Water
Cooling
Cooling water Type Rope Brake Dynamometer
22 flow rate
(For run through Diameter of brake
lit/min 7 0.3 m
system cooling) drum (db),
24
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Diameter of rope OT 0-150 0C
0.012 m
(dR)
Flow 1000cc/Mint.
Material C.I.
I/P Voltage 11-13 VDC
Cooling system Water cooling
The brake power is given by Experimental Procedure
2𝜋𝑁𝑇 The engine used in this experimental method was a single

B.P. = KW
60×1000
cylinder, 4-storke, water cooled Kirloskar oil engine. The
and Torque is Given by specifications of the engine are presented in the table .The
engine was coupled with a rope brake dynamometer. The
T= (W1- W2)×g×Re N-m
schematic diagram of experimental setup as shown in figure
Measurement of Speed 1.3.A nozzle was mounted at the inlet of engine to measured
One of the simplest and basic measurements is that of speed. air flow rate. The pressure difference was measured with the
A wide variety of speed measurements devices are available
but in this experiment electrical tachometer was used to help of U-tube manometer. Burette method was used for
measuring speed. fuel flow measurement with the help of stop watch. By
Measurement of exhaust emission
using fuel mass flow rate and air mass flow rate, exhaust
mass flow rate was calculated. A flow meter was used for
water flow rate, „J‟ type thermocouple for temperature
measurement at different points and a gas analyser was used
for emissions measurement. A compact type designed heat
exchanger used for cogeneration and this heat exchanger
and exhaust piping system were well insulated to prevent
heat losses. To insulate exhaust pipe and heat exchanger,
glass wool fibre with reflective aluminium foil was used.
Figure 1.3 Gas Analyzer
The detailed specifications of the exhaust gas analyzer are First of all the engine was tested at different loads and
given in Table. speeds. The exhaust gas temperature, fuel flow rate, air flow
rate, emissions etc. were recorded to calculate the available
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE EXHAUST GAS
ANALYZER heat energy from exhaust gas of the engine. According to its
exhaust heat availability a compact type heat exchanger was
Type EPM1601
CO designed and connected to exhaust of the engine. The
HC exhaust gas of engine was passed through shell and water
Object of measurement O2
flowed through tubes. The effectiveness compact type heat
CO2
NOx exchanger is more compare to other type heat exchanger so
CO = 15% it was selected for this experimental setup. The performance
HC = 0-15000 ppm of with integrated system also examined and as per
Range of measurement
O2 = 0-25% requirement some modification were also done in the heat
CO2 = 0-20% exchanger. View of experimental setup as shown in below
Warm up time 120 Seconds figure 1.4
RPM 400-10000
25
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Fuel Tank
Fuel Burette
Dynamometer
Exhaust
U-tube Pipe
Manometer
Temperatur
e Indicator
Fuel to
Engine
Orifice
Engine
Figure 1.4 View of the Experimental Setup in Laboratory
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Engine performance parameters

27.0644% (Single generation)and 26.90% when engine was
After developing the whole experimental system
integrated with heat exchanger.
experimentation was carried out.
Observed by gas analyzer.
26
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700
600 0.02
Oxides of Nitrogen, ppm
500 0.018
0.016
CarbonMonoxide (CO)
400 0.014
Single 0.012
300 Generation
0.01 Single Generation
200 Cogeneration 0.008
0.006
100 Cogeneration
0.004
0.002
0
0
0 2 Load (kW) 4 6
0 2 4 6
Load (kW)
45
0.35
Brake Specific fuel Consumption

40
0.3
Brake Thermal Efficiency (%)
35 (kg/kW-hr) 0.25
30
0.2
Single
25 0.15
Generation Single
20 Cogeneratio 0.1 generation
15 n
0.05 Cogeneration
10 0
5 0 2 4 6
Load (kW)
0
0 2 4 6
Load (kW)
3.5
3
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
2.5
2
Single Generation
1.5 Cogeneration
1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Load (kW)
27
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17.8
17.6
17.4
Oxygen (%)
17.2
17 Single Generation
16.8 Cogeneration
16.6
16.4
0 2 4 6
Load (kW)
.
Effectiveness parameter of Heat Exchanger effectiveness was found maximum at a load of 4.38 kW and
Effectiveness of the system was 0.3635 and minimum 0.2921 at a load of 1.753 kW.
Initially there was a continuous rise in the effectiveness up
The effectiveness of heat exchanger was calculated and a to a load of 4.38 kW then it was decreased at a load of 5.33
variation between effectiveness and load has been shown in kW although the temperature difference was quite high than
Figure 5.8. It has been observed from the variation that that of at a load of 4.38 kW.
0.4
0.35
0.3
Effectiveness
0.25
Effectiveness
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Load (kW)
Figure Variations in Effectiveness and Load
This decrement may be due to increased in heat loss to the CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
surroundings of the system. Due to the heat loss the less Conclusions
amount of heat was transferred to cold fluid (water) hence In this paper, Performance investigation of the compact type
time taken to achieve the boiling temperature increased. As heat exchangerutilization of waste heat from diesel engine
the time heat available also increased and availability of exhaust. Performance and emission parameters of the heat
amount of heat gained was fixed hence effectiveness of the exchanger and diesel engine system were measured and
system decreases.
28
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analyzed. The Following conclusions can be drawn from the 3. To study the effect on the performance of engine
thesis and heat exchanger using other type heat exchanger
1. Waste heat exchanger developed was feasible. and its sizes.
2. Brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel 4. To design a cogeneration system by using ANSYS
consumption for the CI engine was found to be software can be done.
nearly same for both the cases (with and without 5. To analyze other performance and emission
cogeneration) which indicate that there is no effect characteristics of cogeneration system
on the performance of the engine.
REFERENCES
3. The exhaust CO emissions of the engine with
cogeneration were found slightly low than that of [1] Mhia Md.Zaglul Shahadat. Md. Nurun Nabi & Md.
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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

Exhaust Gas Analysis of CI engine with Co-generation

Article · December 2015

Design and Fabrication of Heat Exchanger for Co-Generation View project

Machining composite View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

1. Janak Suthar, 2. Himanshu Tetarwal, 3. Chetan Thakur, 4. Amit Patil

Keywords - Exhaust system, exhaustGases, compact heat exchanger, Gas Analyser.

Introduction but rather its value. So cogeneration technology emerges as

Figure 1.1 Schematic diagram of Experimental Setup for Cogeneration System

Bypass filter with Degree

The brake power is given by Experimental Procedure

2𝜋𝑁𝑇 The engine used in this experimental method was a single

Figure 1.4 View of the Experimental Setup in Laboratory

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Engine performance parameters

Brake Specific fuel Consumption

Figure Variations in Effectiveness and Load

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